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1.	Achtenhagen, Leona, et al. (författare) "Surfing the Ironing Board" - The representation of women’s entrepreneurship in German newspapers 2011 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 23:9-10, s. 763-786 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Despite extensive attempts to enhance women's entrepreneurship in Germany, a gender gap continues to exist. This article sets out to analyse the representation of women's entrepreneurship in German media, by analysing how it is depicted in newspapers and how this changes over time. Images transported in media might regulate the nature of women's entrepreneurship, as they contain information about ‘typical’ and ‘socially desirable’ behaviour of women as well as of entrepreneurs. This article contributes to developing an understanding of the relevance of media representation of the entrepreneurship phenomenon for influencing the propensity towards entrepreneurial activity.
2.	Adjei, Evans, et al. (författare) Familial relationships and firm performance : the impact of entrepreneurial family relationships 2019 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 31:5-6, s. 357-377 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract While the family may serve as a resource for entrepreneurs, it has been studied separately in different disciplines. In this paper, we combine the arguments on familial relationships (family firm literature) and skill variety (regional learning literature) to analyse how different forms of entrepreneurial family relationships (co-occurrences) facilitate firm performance, and how familial relationships moderate the effects of skill variety on firm performance. Using longitudinal data (2002-2012) on a sample of privately owned firms with up to 50 employees with matched information on all employees, our results show that entrepreneur children relationship is the dominant dyad familial relationship in family firms. The fixed effects estimates demonstrate that entrepreneurial family relationships do affect firm performance but that this is dependent on the type of familial relationship. Children and spouses show a positive relationship with firm performance while siblings of the entrepreneur show no significant relationship with performance. The estimates further indicate that familial relationships involving spouses abate the negative effects of having too similar or too different types of skills. The paper thus contributes to new knowledge regarding not only whether family relationships matter for performance, but also in what way they matter.
3.	Alkhaled-Studholme, Sophie, et al. (författare) And now I’m free’ : Women’s empowerment and emancipation through entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia and Sweden 2018 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 30:7-8, s. 877-900 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Critical perspectives have called for the study of women’s entrepreneurship as a route to social change. This ‘social turn’ claims women are empowered and/or emancipated through entrepreneurship with limited problematisation of how these interchangeably used concepts operate. Using an institutional perspective in combination with a narrative approach, we investigate women entrepreneurs’ life stories on their ‘road to freedom’ where entrepreneurial activity enables them to ‘break free’ from particular gendered constraints. Through juxtaposing women’s narratives in the contexts of Saudi Arabia and Sweden, the relationship between empowerment and emancipation is disentangled and (re)conceptualised. The findings distinguish between empowerment narrated as individual practices to achieve freedom for the self within institutional structures and emancipation as narrated as a wish to challenge and change structures of power and reach collative freedom. The yearning for collective emancipation propels women’s stories of entrepreneurship by raising expectations for entrepreneurship as a vehicle for institutional change. Such stories may fascinate and inspire others to engage in entrepreneurial endeavours to become empowered, but whether they reach emancipation remains an empirical question to be answered. The performative dimension of entrepreneurial narratives is, however, their ability to turn emancipation into an (un)reachable object of desire, with a quest for even more individual empowerment and entrepreneurial activity, at the same time excluding other forms of human conduct as conducive for change.
4.	Andersson, Svante, 1962-, et al. (författare) Local and international networks in small firm internationalization : Cases from the Rhône-Alpes medical technology regional cluster 2013 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - Abingdon, Oxon. : Routledge. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 25:9-10, s. 867-888 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study explores the internationalization processes of small firms operating in the medical technology cluster in the Rhône-Alpes region in France. The study demonstrates that both the location and the sectoral type of industry cluster influence the internationalization and network dynamics in the cluster. In addition, both local and international networks influence firm internationalization processes in different ways. First, the firm life-cycle, industry and locational cluster dynamics determine the extent of network influence on firms' internationalization processes. Second, two types of internationalizing firms emerge in this study: born global firms, led by proactive entrepreneurs and globally market-orientated firms from inception, and born-again globals, which engage in late but rapid internationalization as a result of new management or foreign acquisition. Third, local networks in the cluster are important for influencing the internationalization of the born global firm at inception. In contrast, international networks serve as the main impetus for re-launching internationalization for the born-again globals. Fourth, the local research institutions and their connections abroad help both born globals and born-again global firms develop and internationalize their innovations rapidly in the global marketplace.
5.	Anokhin, Sergey, et al. (författare) Flagship enterprises, entrepreneurial clusters, and business entry rates : insights from the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship 2021 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 33:3-4, s. 353-367 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Employing a panel setting of 88 counties in the State of Ohio over the five-year period ending in 2006, this study aims to investigate the applicability of the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship in explaining the relationships between flagship enterprises, entrepreneurial clusters, and business entry rates. The study confirms the overall positive relationship between flagship enterprises and startup rates, and the negative relationship between entrepreneurial clusters and startup rates. It further demonstrates that the effect of clusters is moderated by local unemployment rates so that higher rates of unemployment weaken the negative impact of entrepreneurial clusters on startup rates. Based on the evidence collected, policy makers should increase support for flagship enterprises in their regions, and would-be business owners should consider locating their ventures in proximity to flagship companies.
6.	Anokhin, Sergey, et al. (författare) Industrial clusters, flagship enterprises and regional innovation 2019 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 31:1-2, s. 104-118 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract For a sample of all 88 counties in the State of Ohio over a 5-year period, this study documents the effect of flagship enterprises and concentrated industrial clusters on regional innovation. Consistent with the agglomeration arguments and the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship, both appear to affect regional innovation positively. Additionally, regional educational attainment positively moderates the effect of industrial clusters on innovation. At the same time, flagship enterprises primarily affect regional innovation in regions with low education levels. Results are obtained with the help of conservative econometric techniques and are robust to the choice of alternative dependent variables and estimators. The findings have major policy implications and provide insights into alternative routes to encouraging regional innovation.
7.	Arbuthnott, Andrew, 1981-, et al. (författare) Entrepreneurial renewal in a peripheral region : the case of a winter automotive-testing cluster in Sweden 2013 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Routledge. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 25:5-6, s. 371-403 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This research paper generates new insights into renewal processes that may occur in peripheral regions. Key findings are presented from an explorative study on a regionally clustered automotive-testing industry, located in northern Sweden. The findings suggest that despite theoretically unfavourable conditions it is possible to progress regional industry after a peripheral setting's socio-economic relapses. Moreover, this research shows how, notwithstanding the importance of profitable service offerings, an entrepreneurial environment can be encouraged within a peripheral region and subsequent renewal achieved by advancing local networks, improving internationalization and enhancing local infrastructures related to a service-based regional industry. Consequently this research offers us a glimpse into a pioneering service-based renewal case which, in essence, differs from previously reported entrepreneurship scholarship.
8.	Arbuthnott, A., et al. (författare) Reduced opportunities for regional renewal : The role of rigid threat responses 2011 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 23:7-8, s. 603-635 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This article illustrates how opportunities for regional renewal in a peripheral region may be reduced by rigid threat responses undertaken by established firms operating within traditional regional industry. In an inductive case study of new biorefinery industry initiatives in a region where traditional pulp-and-paper and forestry industry was in decline, we used primary and secondary data to outline how a set of new industry players who created innovative ways of using existing regional infrastructures and resources sparked rigid threat responses among established firms from the struggling traditional industry. Established industry firms framed new industry initiatives as threats, and responded by (1) reducing new industry actors' possibilities for new business development, (2) engaging in entrenched resistance, (3) creating collaborative illusions and (4) undermining the fundamentals of the new industry. Consequently, this study contributes to existing literature by proposing the potential of applying the threat-rigidity thesis on a regional level. This is achieved by illustrating that conflicting behaviours between new and established regional industry actors constrain opportunities for regional renewal in a peripheral region. As such, relevant directions for future research and policy implications are outlined
9.	Arbuthnott, Andrew, et al. (författare) Reduced opportunities for regional renewal : The role of rigid threat responses among a region's established firms 2011 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Routledge. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 23:7-8, s. 603-635 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This article illustrates how opportunities for regional renewal in a peripheral region may be reduced by rigid threat responses undertaken by established firms operating within traditional regional industry. In an inductive case study of new biorefinery industry initiatives in a region where traditional pulp-and-paper and forestry industry was in decline, we used primary and secondary data to outline how a set of new industry players who created innovative ways of using existing regional infrastructures and resources sparked rigid threat responses among established firms from the struggling traditional industry. Established industry firms framed new industry initiatives as threats, and responded by (1) reducing new industry actors' possibilities for new business development, (2) engaging in entrenched resistance, (3) creating collaborative illusions and (4) undermining the fundamentals of the new industry. Consequently, this study contributes to existing literature by proposing the potential of applying the threat-rigidity thesis on a regional level. This is achieved by illustrating that conflicting behaviours between new and established regional industry actors constrain opportunities for regional renewal in a peripheral region. As such, relevant directions for future research and policy implications are outlined.
10.	Aslesen, Heidi Wiig, et al. (författare) The virtual is reality! On physical and virtual space in software firms’ knowledge formation 2019 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 31:9-10, s. 669-682 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract To understand how knowledge is created and exchanged, it is necessary to unwrap the role played by the physical and virtual spaces. The extant research offers interesting findings when it comes to the relationships among regional, institutional and organizational characteristics, innovation and firms’ abilities to link up to global knowledge sources. A focus on the role of informal and low-cost mechanisms, both regional and global, has extended our understanding of their role in knowledge formation. However, the physical space has dominated this literature to the detriment of the virtual space. The inclusion of the virtual space, both as an interaction space and as a different and complementary dimension, makes it possible to gain new insights into knowledge formation in a digitalizing world. Based on in-depth interviews with small- and medium-sized software companies in two urban agglomerations in Norway and Sweden, this paper explores the use of physical and virtual spaces. The findings show that these spaces interact and mutually influence each other. The world is not ‘flattening’ due to ongoing digitalization; moreover, urban agglomerations are still important places in which these spaces are optimized and unified.
11.	Autio, Erkko, et al. (författare) How culture molds the effects of self efficacy and fear of failure on entrepreneurship 2013 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Taylor & Francis (Routledge): SSH Titles. - 1464-5114 .- 0898-5626. ; 25:9-10, s. 756-780 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We use data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness study for 42 countries to investigate how the effects of individual's self-efficacy and of fear of failure on entrepreneurial entry are contingent on national cultural practices. Using multi-level methodology, we observe that the positive effect of self-efficacy on entry is moderated by the cultural practices of institutional collectivism and performance orientation. Conversely, the negative effect of fear of failure on entry is moderated by the cultural practices of institutional collectivism and uncertainty avoidance. We discuss the implications for theory and methodological development in culture and entrepreneurship.
12.	Avdeitchikova, Sofia (författare) False expectations : Reconsidering the role of informal venture capital in closing the regional equity gap 2009 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 21:2, s. 99-130 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The role of informal venture capital in entrepreneurial process and economic development is increasingly recognized by scholars and policy-makers around the world. Much of the attention that this form of financing has received during the last couple of decades is due to its potential to bridge the regional equity gap. This study is concerned with regional distribution of informal venture capital and factors explaining the allocation of informal investments, and it is based on a large random sample of informal venture capital investors in Sweden. The key findings are that the informal venture capital market in Sweden shows a considerable concentration in metropolitan areas and university cities. Further, investments conducted in these places are allocated in proportion to the new business formation rate and concentration of technology-based firms, while the only factor that provides some explanation for the location of informal investments in the peripheral regions is the proportion of the regional population that is considering starting their own business. Finally, there is a small but significant reallocation of informal venture capital from peripheral regions to metropolitan areas and university cities, which shows that the informal venture capital market in Sweden contributes rather to sustaining the regional equity gap than to bridging it.
13.	Bai, Wensong, et al. (författare) The performance of international returnee ventures : The role of networking capability and the usefulness of international business knowledge 2016 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 28:9-10, s. 657-680 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper sheds light on the international new ventures led by returnee entrepreneurs and investigates the influence of networking capability and the usefulness of international knowledge for the overall performance of so-called international returnee ventures (IRVs). By integrating network theory with a capability view of firm performance, it advances six hypotheses that form a structural model, which is tested with LISREL on a sample of 194 IRVs from China. The findings show that international networking capability has a positive influence on the provision of international business knowledge, which in turn is positively related to the innovation performance, but they have a negative impact on the financial performance. Hence, this study presents a discussion of the usefulness of knowledge gained from the international network relationships of emerging market returnee entrepreneurs.
14.	Baù, Massimo, 1983-, et al. (författare) Bridging locality and internationalization – A research agenda on the sustainable development of family firms 2021 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 33:7-8, s. 477-492 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Globalization, digital technologies, societal and environmental concerns influence the way family firms operate locally and internationally. Family firms are often torn between their local and global environments, simultaneously visible and embedded in their local environment while marketing their products and services abroad. Unlike large multinationals that have often lost their roots, family firms manifest an active interest in maintaining their local roots and traditions. Moreover, increasing concerns with sustainable development call for continuity through sustainability aimed at improving local and global socioeconomic conditions. This editorial of the special issue on ?Locality and Internationalization of Family Firms? discusses this tension that family firms face and how they can build bridges between communities increasingly drifting apart. By bridging local and global environments, family firms can contribute to the sustainable development of society. We present a research agenda addressing this particular bridging function of family firms and propose several avenues for future research.
15.	Baù, Massimo, 1983-, et al. (författare) Employee layoffs in times of crisis : do family firms differ? 2024 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this study, we seek to understand firm behaviour during times of crisis, with a particular focus on family firms in different contexts. We theorize that family control mitigates (i.e. negatively moderates) the relationship between economic crisis and the layoff of employees, resulting in a higher propensity of family firms to retain their employees during a crisis compared to their nonfamily counterparts. Furthermore, taking a closer look at family firms, based on their location, we argue that family firms in rural regions are more likely to adopt measures leading to involuntary job turnover than family firms in urban areas due to a higher sensitivity to the loss of socioemotional wealth following a business closure. Relying on a panel dataset of Swedish private firms active in the period 2004-2012, our study contributes to a better understanding of family firms as employers in different contexts.
16.	Baù, Massimo, 1983-, et al. (författare) Locality and internationalization of family firms 2017 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 29:5-6, s. 570-574 Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
17.	Bengt, Johannison, et al. (författare) The institutional embeddedness of local inter-firm networks : a leverage for business creation 2002 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 14, s. 297-316 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract There is an increasing concern for the notion of ‘embeddedness’ of economic activity; yet the conceptualization of the concept and its operationalization remain underdeveloped. First, embeddedness may concern, on the one hand, the structure of relations that tie economic actors together (structural embeddedness) and, on the other hand, the social strands supplementing economic strands in each relation (substantive embeddedness). In this paper, a network framework is outlined which proposes several layers or ‘orders’ of embeddedness. Focusing on small firms, the point of departure is individual exchange relationships as personal ties combining economic and social concerns. First-order embeddedness concerns the localized business networks created by combining these dyadic relations. Second-order embeddedness is achieved when considering also the memberships of business persons in economic and social local institutions while third-order embeddedness concerns the special cases where these institutions bridge gaps between firms. The network model is operationalized and applied to a small Swedish industrial (furniture) community, its firms and economic/social institutions. The findings generally support the applicability of the model and demonstrate the supplementarity of different layers/orders of embeddedness. Further research challenges are deduced and implications for practitioners are provided.
18.	Berglund, Karin, 1967-, et al. (författare) Entrepreneurship and Conscientization in Processes of Regional Development 2007 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 19:6, s. 499-525 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
19.	Berglund, Karin, et al. (författare) Entrepreneurship, discourses and conscientization in processes of regional development 2007 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 19:6, s. 499-525 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper is based upon a regional development project in a 'vulnerable' Swedish region consisting of three municipalities. At a first glance, this is a region in decline that is lacking in entrepreneurial initiatives. During a crucial time period the project 'Diversity in Entrepreneurship' ( DiE) was launched to help the region to become more entrepreneurial and inclusive. An underlying logic was built into the project, which is associated with the critical pedagogy of Paolo Freire. From a Freirean perspective regions lacking in entrepreneurship could be reconsidered emphasizing that the entrepreneurial initiatives are always there - latent - however restrained by certain discourses; in this case a dominant enterprise discourse. Above all the enterprise discourse suppresses the ability for particular groups in society to view themselves as entrepreneurs. The purpose of this paper is to introduce Freire's critical pedagogical perspective to entrepreneurship and regional development. An episode illustrating how the enterprise discourse suppresses an equality discourse, introduced by way of the DiE-project, makes the point of departure for discussing the process of 'conscientization', which refers to a type of learning that is focused on perceiving and exposing contradictions and to take action against the oppressive elements of reality ( Freire 1970). Some key Freirean ideas or concepts are explained, first as they were expressed by Freire and then applied to entrepreneurship and regional development. It is then discussed how these concepts found their expressions in the project. The critical pedagogic perspective not only emphasizes an entrepreneurial potential in every individual, but it also gives an idea of what kind of processes could release entrepreneurial initiatives among those who do not view themselves as entrepreneurs.
20.	Berglund, Karin, et al. (författare) Provoking identities : entrepreneurship and emerging identity positions in rural development 2016 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 28:1-2, s. 76-96 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This article discusses entrepreneurship in a depleted community in transition. The purpose is to develop knowledge about how discourses are used in the positioning of identity in regional development. The concept positioning illustrates how identities are provoked, challenged, negotiated and moved into identity positions that break away from the idea of imitating successful and wealthy regions; instead, locality, place and history emerge as important resources from where local actors obtain agency and recognize new opportunities. Ethnographic data of a single case were collected over a six-year period between 2005 and 2010. The longitudinal nature of the study made it possible to incorporate how local stakeholders took on new identity positions, while handling their inspiration as well as their frustration. Results show how rural change was conditioned by discourses and how entrepreneurship challenged and reframed dominating structures through interaction between entrepreneurship and community. Four discourses, expressed as dichotomies available to people in this depleted community, illustrate the interactive process of positioning: change vs. traditions, rational vs. irrational, spectacular vs. mundane and individual vs. collective. The results support research emphasizing perspectives that acknowledge interaction between entrepreneurship and context as well as discursive aspects of regional development.
21.	Boso, Nathaniel, et al. (författare) International entrepreneurial orientation and regional expansion 2017 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Routledge. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 29:1-2, s. 4-26 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study examines how behavioral elements of international entrepreneurial orientation (i.e. product innovativeness, risk-taking, proactiveness, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy) increase variability in scope of regional market expansion, and the international marketing channel management conditions under which this occurs. Results from an empirical study in a developing market show that not all behavioral elements of international entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) increase scope of regional expansion. The study specifically finds that scope of regional expansion is fostered when high levels of product innovation intensity, risk-taking, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomous behaviors are aligned with a stronger channel management capability. Conversely, the regional expansion values of product innovation novelty and proactiveness are cancelled out when channel management capability levels are high.
22.	Brentnall, Catherine, et al. (författare) Homogenization processes in entrepreneurship education: the case of Junior Achievement 2024 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 36:5-6, s. 775-797 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Entrepreneurship Education (EE) programmes world-wide serve a highly standardized menu of activities for student consumption, such as pitching exercises, competitions and mini-companies. This situation has been called the McDonaldization of EE, where standard activities are adopted globally. In this paper we study the influence of Junior Achievement (JA)–the ‘original burger’ - to draw attention to the institutionalizing pressure it exerts on EE. We use data from JA organizational websites in England, Sweden and Denmark to describe JA as a global institution exerting homogenizing pressures on the field of EE. Five common dynamics are identified to explain in more detail how JA contributes to the homogenization of EE through: neutralizing ideology; propagating the mini-company template; evidencing strategically; facilitating communion and mythologizing success. New research avenues studying the influence of JA as a powerful institution and potential counter-actions to de-institutionalize EE are proposed. Junior Achievement has been studied before, but most investigations consider the impact of JA on individuals, in terms of effects on students’ knowledge and skills. The contribution of this study is in how it focuses on the homogenizing influence of JA as an institution on the system of EE.
23.	Brumana, Mara, et al. (författare) Orientation towards environmental sustainability in European family versus nonfamily firms : the role of policymaker engagement and incentives 2024 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study contributes to the debate on family business environmental sustainability by investigating the environmental orientation of family versus nonfamily firms. We study whether family business status affects (i) the extent of environmental orientation, i.e. the number of incentives set for environmental sustainability activities, contingent upon firms’ engagement with policymakers, and (ii) how firms’ environmental orientation unfolds, considering the types and beneficiaries of the incentives. To do so, we build on behavioural theories in family business, along with the literature on firm non-market strategies and responses to institutional pressure. Data on 162 European manufacturing firms from the Carbon Disclosure Project and the Orbis database are collected. Our results show that family firms have a higher degree of environmental orientation than nonfamily firms. However, when they engage with policymakers, the family firm–environmental orientation relationship weakens. Regarding the types and beneficiaries of the incentives, family firms are more likely to provide monetary incentives and to be more inclusive in their incentive systems than nonfamily firms are.
24.	Cederholm Björklund, Jennie, Doktorand, 1973-, et al. (författare) Farming beyond food : Effect of embeddedness and governance structures on farmers’ role in rural development 2020 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This article contributes to the debate on entrepreneurs’ role in societies as well as the consequences of rural embeddedness and engagement, or the role of farmers in rural development and entrepreneurship. A contextualized view of farmers embedded—both spatially and positionally— in the entrepreneurial ecosystems is applied. The study, based on interviews with 24 farmers, 6 observations, and 8 interviews with actors within the agricultural support system, uses the Gioia methodology for analysis, thus enabling inductive theorizing. We find that farmers’ multifunctional role and their impact on societal development are central to understanding farmers’ entrepreneurial endeavours as well as their engagement in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Hence, this article discusses farmers’ embeddedness in rural society and development processes. It highlights the multifunctional role of farmers in society, which we argue make them enablers for rural development, an important role that has been overlooked in both entrepreneurship research and policy work.
25.	Chaminade, Cristina, et al. (författare) When regional meets global: exploring the nature of global innovation networks in the video game industry in Southern Sweden 2021 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 33:1-2, s. 131-146 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract © 2020, © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. For firms in symbolic (creative) industries, the region is usually seen as the main arena for knowledge sourcing and exchange. Why and how these firms use global innovation networks remains however poorly understood. This paper draws on in-depth interviews with firm representatives and network data collected through a survey of video game developers in southern Sweden. Video game development is a typical example of a symbolic industry, encompassing the development of non-tangible and symbol-intensive products and services. In recent years, this industry has advanced from a niche sector into a global mass market. Understanding how the hybrid character of the industry–with strong symbolic cultural roots but also a significant global engagement–affects the geography of innovation networks is the focus of this paper. The analysis reveals that knowledge sourcing and exchange take place likewise on the regional and global scale, but for different purposes and through different mechanisms. It also shows that not all variance in network engagement can be explained by differences in industrial knowledge bases or regional innovation systems. In contrast, the target market and the nature and geography of demand are important explanatory factors.
26.	Champenois, Claire, et al. (författare) A non-workshop on a socialized view of entrepreneurship : building and extending a community of practice for work on embeddedness 2022 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Taylor & Francis (Routledge): SSH Titles. - 1464-5114 .- 0898-5626. ; 34:7-8, s. 515-541 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This article, in an act of transmutation or world-making, replaces a workshop that was envisioned between one of the authors and Alistair Anderson. It takes the form of a dialog with one of his main co-authors to retrospectively and analytically explore the collective work of Alistair on 'embeddedness'. We find that Alistair initiated a scholarly community of practice on a socialized view of entrepreneurship ('entrepreneuring'), the essence of which can be captured through the notion of embeddedness. We describe the emergence of this community, its key production phases, and highlight the main features and insights of its approach, which was never theorized as such. The article also presents possible theoretical extensions of this research by opening several research doors for future work.
27.	Davidsson, Per (författare) Some reflection on research 'Schools' and geographies 2013 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 25:1-2, s. 100-110 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Reflecting on real and perceived differences between European and North American research cultures, I challenge views that European research is under appreciated or discriminated against, and caution against isolationist European positions. Instead, I argue that although no distinctive and coherent European tradition or culture really exists, there may be elements of the prevalent research culture that can be turned into an advantage for Europe-based and/or European-trained researchers in helping to influence and improve one, global research conversation. Of course, a range of sub-communities and sub-conversations will and should exist, but there is no reason for these to be based on geography.
28.	de Clercq, Dirk, et al. (författare) Entrepreneurship as an integrating mechanism for disadvantaged persons 2011 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 23:5-6, s. 353-372 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper theorises about a specific facet of social entrepreneurship, namely, the integration of disadvantaged persons into the field of entrepreneurship. Drawing from Bourdieu's theory of practice, the authors conceive of this integration as a power-laden process that reflects normative expectations imposed by field incumbents on entrants to the field that require them to both comply with and challenge existing field arrangements. Propositions outline the desirability and ability of disadvantaged persons to meet these expectations.
29.	Discua Cruz, Allan, et al. (författare) Understanding entrepreneurial opportunities through metaphors: a narrative approach to theorizing family entrepreneurship 2021 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Taylor & Francis (Routledge): SSH Titles. - 1464-5114 .- 0898-5626. ; 33:5-6, s. 405-426 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The concept of opportunity is central to entrepreneurship theory. This article contributes to theorizing family entrepreneurship across generations by examining how entrepreneurial opportunities are constructed, communicated, and acted upon at the intersection between family and business. Drawing on the experiences of four families in different business sectors in Honduras, the study adopts a narrative perspective and argues that metaphors of entrepreneurial opportunity can enrich our understanding of family entrepreneurship. Findings also suggest that metaphors play a role in developing entrepreneurial legacy. This study of metaphors of opportunity, and how they might entail entrepreneurial legacy, opens up new avenues for theorizing intergenerational family entrepreneurship. In examining the metaphors referring to entrepreneurial practices developed and repeated in the family, this study contributes to understanding family entrepreneurship as a social and discursive process where meanings and values are communicated and maintained in everyday interactions.
30.	Dodd, Sarah, et al. (författare) Transforming enterprise education : sustainable pedagogies of hope and social justice 2022 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 34:7-8, s. 686-700 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Building on Alistair Anderson's work, this paper proposes transforming enterprise education to deeply address questions of sustainability, social justice and hope in our time of multiple and complex crises. New pedagogies, practices, vocabularies and connections help us to enact crises in entrepreneurial, ethical and creative ways, enabling us to remain hopeful in the face of unknown horizons. Drawing from critical pedagogies, from Epistemologies of the South, and from the wisdoms of Alistair Anderson, the paper outlines how transforming to a more, hopeful, socially just and sustainable enterprise education could move us beyond present alternatives. We suggest that transforming enterprise education (TrEE) would better facilitate students as ethical change-makers when they engage with their worlds, and its unseen future horizons. TrEE emphasizes the time needed for questioning dominant meanings and space for experimenting with new ones. It invites re-placing us in the margins and with the excluded. It takes an expansive view of the ecosystem, and places enterprise within its wider context. It focuses students, teachers, entrepreneurs and various other stakeholders in learning together with the non-human and relies on sustainable stewardship, social justice and hope at the core of transforming enterprise education.
31.	Egan-Wyer, Carys, et al. (författare) On startups and doublethink – resistance and conformity in negotiating the meaning of entrepreneurship 2018 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 30:1-2, s. 58-80 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Startup entrepreneurship is – in the literature, in the discourse of those engaging in it, and in cultural representations of the same – presented both as resistance against prevailing corporate logics and as a path towards becoming a corporate entity. Resistance, claimed or otherwise, is not just a reaction to a perceived outrage or a power imbalance, but is in itself a constitutive part of contemporary entrepreneurship, particularly as this is culturally constructed. We study this paradox, where a discourse of resistance becomes a productive part of entrepreneurial culture, by way of a case study of a successful startup. We analyze the manner in which people working in the startup utilize ‘doublethink’ to portray the organization both as resistance to an assumed, more corporate, ‘Other’ and also as a budding corporation unto itself. By doing so, we highlight how a discourse of resistance works as a value in entrepreneurship culture as well as a productive element of the same. In our case, resistance and corporate conformity come together in a way that defies easy classification; one where notions of resistance exist as easy-to-adopt identity positions and where doublethink becomes a productive way of dealing with corporate success.
32.	El-Awad, Ziad, Universitetslektor, 1980- (författare) Explore or exploit? Unpacking the situational conditions and cognitive mechanisms underlying entrepreneurial learning in the new venture development process 2023 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - Oxon : Routledge. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 35:1-2, s. 162-186 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study explores when and why entrepreneurs choose entrepreneurial learning strategies that emphasize exploration or exploitation. Most studies have focused on explaining the different characteristics of exploration and exploitation, their performance implications, whether they are complementarities or substitutes and how particular organizational structures can support their coexistence. We apply a process design building on four research-based spinoffs observing how changes in entrepreneurs’ choices of exploration and exploitation occur as they identify and adopt a viable configuration for their ventures. In this study, we develop a theoretical model that reveals the situational conditions and mechanisms underlying entrepreneurs’ learning choices and highlights different knowledge typologies and competence gaps that new venture teams need to fill when dealing with uncertainties and performance errors. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
33.	Eliasson, Gunnar, et al. (författare) The Pharmacia story of entrepreneurship and as a creative technical university(1) - an experiment in innovation, organizational break up and industrial renaissance 2006 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 18:5, s. 393-420 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract While innovative technology supply has been the focus of much neo-Schumpeterian modelling, few have addressed the critical and more resource-demanding commercializing of the same technologies. The result may have been a growth policy focused on the wrong problem. Using Competence Bloc Theory and a firm-based macro to macro approach we abandon the assumed linear relation between technology change and economic growth of such models, and demonstrate that lack of local commercialization competences is likely to block growth even though innovative technology supplies are abundant. The break up, reorganization and part withdrawal of Pharmacia from the local Uppsala ( in Sweden) economy after a series of international mergers illustrate this. Pharmacia has 'released' a wealth of technologies in local markets. Local commercialization competence, notably industrially competent financing has, however, not been sufficient to fill in through indigenous entrepreneurship the vacuum left by Pharmacia. Only thanks to foreign investors, attracted by Pharmacia technologies that have opted to stay for the long term, the local Uppsala economy seems to be heading for a successful future. The Pharmacia case also demonstrates the role of advanced firms as 'technical universities' and the nature of an experimentally organized economy (EOE) in which business mistakes are a natural learning cost for economic development.
34.	Eriksson, Rikard, 1979-, et al. (författare) The geography of starts-ups in Sweden : The role of human capital, social capital and agglomeration 2019 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Routledge. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 31:9-10, s. 735-754 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In academia as well as in policy circles, entrepreneurial activities are placed at the focal point for regional development. However, geographical factors such as urbanization and peripherality are often neglected in this strand of research despite the increasing need for place-specific policies. The aim of this paper is therefore to analyse how start-up rates vary across municipalities in Sweden 2002–2012 by focussing on spatial differences of human capital, social capital, entrepreneurial culture and industrial specialization. Our multilevel models show how the degree of rurality and peripherality, respectively, moderates the role of different regional resources. The paper concludes by suggesting the formulation of separate policies considering urban, rural and more peripheral regions.
35.	Fayolle, Alain, et al. (författare) The institutionalization of entrepreneurship : questioning the status quo and re-gaining hope for entrepreneurship research 2016 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 28:7-8, s. 477-486 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this article, we briefly identify three main challenges/issues that should be taken into consideration in the institutionalization of entrepreneurship research: (1) recognizing the complexity of the phenomenon under study; (2) producing interesting, relevant and useful research results for all stakeholders; and (3) developing a critical posture in research. Following the discussion of these challenges/issues we introduce the five contributions to the Special Issue that, in different ways, problematize and challenge mainstream research and approaches. These articles use ‘dissensus discourses’, apply critical, ideological and paradigmatic stances and in some cases underline the importance of contextual factors.
36.	Fayolle, Alain, et al. (författare) The institutionalization of entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship and Regional Development : Questioning the status quo and re-gaining hope for entrepreneurship research 2016 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 28:7-8, s. 477-486 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this article, we briefly identify three main challenges/issues that should be taken into consideration in the institutionalization of entrepreneurship research: (1) recognizing the complexity of the phenomenon under study; (2) producing interesting, relevant and useful research results for all stakeholders; and (3) developing a critical posture in research. Following the discussion of these challenges/issues we introduce the five contributions to the Special Issue that, in different ways, problematize and challenge mainstream research and approaches. These articles use ‘dissensus discourses’, apply critical, ideological and paradigmatic stances and in some cases underline the importance of contextual factors.
37.	Ferguson, Richard, et al. (författare) The best of both worlds: how rural entrepreneurs use placial embeddedness and strategic networks to create opportunities 2015 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 27, s. 574-598 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Entrepreneurial activities are strongly influenced by the context in which they occur. It is therefore imperative to understand how different contexts enable entrepreneurs to create opportunities. In this paper, we focus on the spatial context of rural entrepreneurs and explore how the rural context impacts on their opportunity creation. Based on a multiple case study, we find that rural entrepreneurs mix what we refer to as placial embeddedness - an intimate knowledge of and concern for the place - with strategically built non-local networks, i.e. the best of two worlds. Notably, the entrepreneurs seek to exhaust the localized resource base before seeking out non-local resources. Our findings thus contribute to our understanding of entrepreneurship in context and challenge future research to explore how different forms of contexts are bridged in different settings to create varieties of entrepreneurial activities.
38.	Frank, Hermann, et al. (författare) What makes entrepreneurship research interesting? Reflections on strategies to overcome the rigour-relevance gap 2016 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 28:1-2, s. 51-75 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract As entrepreneurship researchers compete to have their work published and universities strive to attract the best entrepreneurship scholars, it is appropriate to examine what makes entrepreneurship research interesting. Interesting studies are usually defined as well-crafted and well-written studies that challenge established knowledge, and produce new theories and findings. This paper examines entrepreneurship scholars' views on the characteristics of interesting entrepreneurship research by means of a qualitative approach. Eight focus group interviews comprising junior and senior entrepreneurship scholars were conducted. A core finding is that interesting studies must be relevant to practice. However, the institutionalization of entrepreneurship as an academic field has favoured rigour at the cost of relevance, leading to scholars' frustration with the rigour-relevance gap. In this paper, we analyse various dimensions of interestingness and reflect on strategies for overcoming the rigour-relevance gap, with particular focus on the creation of applicative knowledge.
39.	Gabrielsson, Jonas, 1975-, et al. (författare) Boards of directors in small and medium-sized industrial firms : examining the effects of the board's working style on board task performance 2000 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 12:4, s. 311-330 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Increased attention towards the role of the board makes demands on reforms in the boardroom. In many countries, even small and medium-sized firms are experiencing the challenges of creating well functioning boards. In this paper the authors examine the importance of structures and processes in the boardroom of 302 small and medium-sized industrial firms in Sweden. The contribution of the paper is not only that it tries to explore the relationship between processes in the board and board performance, but also that it pays attention to the working structures that exist to maximize the board's task performance. In this study board task performance is measured as the performance of various control and service roles. There are two main findings. (1) The board members' involvement, and (2) the board's formal structures are important for the board's ability to perform its tasks effectively. The findings empirically support the arguments about the importance of a good and clearly defined working style in the board.
40.	Gaddefors, Johan (författare) Anatomy of a qualitative methods section: embracing the researcher as an engaged author 2024 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 36, s. 561-576 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this editorial, we explore the content of qualitative methods sections in one year of publications from Entrepreneurship & Regional Development (E&RD). We build a common anatomy of qualitative method work, exposing this to critique as we establish best practice and consider opportunities to enhance qualitative method writing. Our findings identify six common areas of focus in qualitative methods sections: arguing for qualitative and inductive 'fit'; defending the sample; data collection procedures; analysis work; substantiation of what is seen; and the use of tables. We problematize the observed tendency of viewing these areas through a post-positivist lens and propose complementary framings to encourage more engaged and reflexive authorship. The pursuit of interesting and thought-provoking qualitative work, which is at the same time methodologically rigorous, presents a challenging paradox for authors. We see this editorial as a navigational guide for authors and reviewers on what we should consider in methodological contributions. At its most powerful, qualitative research exposes tension, uncovers knowledge ambiguities, and offers potential for future perspectives. We argue that engaged authorship in qualitative work allows us to embrace a co-constructed approach to the knowledge of entrepreneurship, creating the opportunity for epistemological contributions which are both robust and courageous.
41.	Gaddefors, Johan, et al. (författare) Special issue in memory of professor Alistair Anderson 'social perspectives of entrepreneuring' 2022 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 34, s. 507-514 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This Special Issue of Entrepreneurship and Regional Development honours Distinguished Professor of Entrepreneurship Alistair Anderson's memory. This Special Issue offers a range of papers that engage with Alistair Anderson's work and extend it by taking a social science view to understanding entrepreneurship.
42.	Gartner, William B. (författare) Creating a community of difference in entrepreneurship scholarship 2013 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 25:1-2, s. 5-15 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This article argues for alternative forms of inquiry for exploring aspects of entrepreneurship scholarship that are often unseen, ignored or minimized. The label, ‘The European School of Entrepreneurship’, might serve as a useful rubric for identifying a community of scholars with tendencies towards the following: (1) an interest in the history of ideas that inform entrepreneurship scholarship, (2) a willingness to step outside of the entrepreneurship ﬁeld, itself, to embrace a variety of ideas, particularly from philosophy and the humanities and (3) a concern for the ‘other’, so as to challenge the unspoken and often unrecognized ‘taken-for-granted’ aspects of what entrepreneurship is and what it might be. Such tendencies are fundamentally different by degree (rather than contrast) from current norms; yet,these tendencies can make a signiﬁcant difference in current scholarly practice in entrepreneurship, as well as our understanding of entrepreneurial phenomenon.
43.	Gartner, William B., et al. (författare) Entrepreneurship-as-practice : grounding contemporary theories of practice into entrepreneurship studies 2016 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Routledge. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 28:9-10, s. 813-816 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
44.	Ge, Bingbing, et al. (författare) An Entrepreneurship-as-practice perspective of next-generation becoming family businesses successors : the role of discursive artefacts 2024 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 36:3-4, s. 489-515 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Family is the most important, yet under researched, dimension in family business research. Following recent calls in Entrepreneurship-as-Practice, we bring a practice-based approach to family business research to understand next generation engagement over extended periods in family life. Drawing on a culinary family business’s three published cookbooks, theorized as ‘discursive artefacts’, we examine how mundane family business practices can enable next generations to become successors. This study contributes to family business research with its re-focus on the family and offers new insights into practice theory-building in the emergent Entrepreneurship-as-Practice. Our findings illustrate how everyday practices in family lives–for example, cooking–can enable next generations’ becoming family business successors, through socializing, bridging, and leading.
45.	Girma Aragaw, Z., et al. (författare) Contextualizing corporate entrepreneurship : a systematic review and future research agenda 2024 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Corporate entrepreneurship (CE) is an essential concept in entrepreneurship research. Many scholars have shown CE theoretical and empirical implications for firms’ survival, development, and growth. We use a systematic literature review approach to analyse and discuss 214 articles published in top-tier journals from 1985 to 2023. This review proposes a conceptual model and highlights that little attention has been given to discussing the role of context in the corporate entrepreneurial process. Thus, we propose a research agenda for contextualizing corporate entrepreneurship concerning business, social, spatial, institutional, organizational, and ownership contexts.
46.	Hammarstedt, Mats (författare) Immigrant self-employment in Sweden - its variation and some possible determinants 2001 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 13:2, s. 147-161 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper examines self-employment among immigrants in Sweden. There are differences in the self-employment rate between immigrants and the native population and between different immigrant groups, both in the raw data and after controlling for variables such as age, gender, education and civil status. The study shows that non-Nordic immigrants in Sweden who arrived at an early date have higher self-employment rates than the native population. It seems as if self-employment among immigrants is to some extent positively correlated with time elapsed after arrival in the country. A number of possible explanations for the observed differences in self-employment between immigrants and natives and between different immigrant groups are presented in the study. Plausible explanations for the observed differences in self-employment rates are differences in traditions from the home country, differences in the labour market situation, and often a lack of knowledge among immigrants about the practical and formal matters an individual encounters when trying to establish a business.
47.	Hashim, Hina (författare) Narrating the 'social': the evolving stories of Pakistan's social entrepreneurs 2022 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 34, s. 668-685 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Social enterprises are often characterized by the vision and drive of an individual founder. We challenge this by taking inspiration from Alistair R. Anderson's arguments that social entrepreneurship is better understood as enacted within a social context. We move beyond linear conceptualizations to consider a more nuanced, contextually informed picture, where understandings of what it is to be 'social' in one's entrepreneuring are created at the interaction of the individual and their situation. A narrative approach is used to analyse 25 life stories used by social entrepreneurs in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa region of Pakistan, an area of social transition. We access how these entrepreneurs give meaning to the 'social' aspects of what they do. Our findings present a multifaceted character, defined by their responses to changing social contexts. This is manifest in entrepreneurial practice, where we have a vacillation between acts of social rebellion and an enterprising organization of benevolence, evolving in a social context which changes with and, in part, because of our social entrepreneurs. We move beyond definitional characteristics and closer to a theory of practice, by considering how social entrepreneurs interact with changing social demands and adapt their activities accordingly.
48.	Hashim, Sumaya (författare) Women entrepreneurs in the Gulf States : Taking stock and moving forward 2023 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 35:9-10, s. 841-884 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Gulf States have dedicated much attention and many resources to entrepreneurship, particularly in supporting women entrepreneurship. These efforts are reflected in the increase in research focused on women entrepreneurs in the Gulf States. The vast majority of relevant studies have explored the reasons for the low engagement of women in the economic sphere. Recent works have shifted attention to the agency of women entrepreneurs. However, most of the literature has applied Western epistemology without challenging and unpacking the unique contextual dimensions that influence women's entrepreneurial activities in the Gulf States. This study thus systematically reviews the literature on women entrepreneurship in the Gulf States, increases the understanding of how these women are 'doing context' by discussing three different conceptualizations of how they enact and do context in the Gulf States, and proposes future research avenues for developing context-specific epistemologies.
49.	Hjalmarsson, Dan, et al. (författare) Public Advisory Services - Theory and Practice 2003 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 15:1, s. 83-98 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Public advisory service to SMEs is a multibillion pound activity throughout the industrialized world. Yet very little research has been done on the theoretical basis for this field. This paper proposes some elements in a theoretical understanding of the rationale behind public measures. The authors argue that public intervention should be considered at two levels, as a public market intervention and as a consultant-client relation at the micro level. At the market intervention level, public advisory service is seen in the perspective of economic theory, comparing neo-classical and neo-Austrian theory. Two different kinds of services are identified and discussed: operational and strategic. At a micro level, the concepts of client identity and clientifying power relations serve to understand the small business manager's way of responding to services. In combining both levels - the market perspective and the micro level - it is argued that the neo-classical theory is connected to operational/expert services and objectifying power technologies. The neo-Austrian theory corresponds with the empirical findings at the micro level showing strategic services embedded in a subjectifying power technology. With the neo-Austrian perspective the rather symmetrical relations between client and consultant at the micro level is comprehensible
50.	Honig, Benson (författare) Who gets the goodies? : An examination of microenterprise credit in Jamaica 1998 Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 10:4, s. 313-334 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This research examines the lending decisions made by microenterprise credit support programmes in Jamaica, focusing on what types of owners of firms successfully obtain loans. Utilizing agency theory, human capital and social capital theories, the study examines what types of borrowers successfully navigate the credit market nurtured by non-governmental organizations (NGOs). It is based on field research comparing five organizations, evaluating the loan process and characteristics of each lender, with a study of their market, utilizing interviews conducted with entrepreneurs of 254 informal sector firms. The study first describes and examines the organizational character of the loan agencies, to discern their effect on the loan granting process. Subsequent analysis examines the characteristics of those individuals who received loans, and compares them with those who did not. The research shows that the behaviour of NGO microenterprise credit institutions in Jamaica conform closely to predictions based on agency theory, behaving very differently from banks, credit unions, informal lending associations and families. Although the bureaucratic mechanisms and organizational goals and objectives were found to be quite similar among the five different NGO credit agencies studied, each lender varied considerably in their tacit selection criteria of their clientele. The research underscores the importance of social capital and human capital on the lending process.

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