| 1. |
- Bredberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical-scale generation of strongly CD83-expressing dendritic cells using extracorporeal photopheresis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine. - : Wiley. - 1600-0781 .- 0905-4383. ; 23:4, s. 113-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Many strategies are currently being pursued in order to generate mature dendritic cells (DC) to be used for immunotherapy. A potent anti-tumour influence by extracorporeal photopheresis has been documented for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and a major mechanism of action has been suggested to be generation of DC presenting tumour antigens. Purpose: To determine the potential of a simple clinical photopheresis protocol for large-scale development of mature DC. Methods: A standard monocyte-enriched leukapheresis preparation of 10(9)-10(10) cells was derived during each of five consecutive treatment sessions of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The cells were incubated overnight in autologous plasma with no addition of growth medium. Cell surface lymphocyte, monocyte and DC markers were determined using multi-colour flow cytometry. Results: We find signs of activation of the CD14+ monocytes, as well as the appearance of a minor population of mature DC negative for CD14 but with strong CD83 expression. Conclusions: With a procedure appropriate for routine clinical use, a total number of 10(6)-10(7) DC ready for patient reinfusion can be prepared within 24 h. Our findings indicate the need to further explore the capacity of photopheresis to stimulate cancer patients' anti-tumour defence reaction.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Falk, Magnus
(författare)
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Differences in sun exposure habits between self-reported skin type and ultraviolet sensitivity measured by phototest
- 2011
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Ingår i: Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0905-4383 .- 1600-0781. ; 27:4, s. 190-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Traditionally, classification of skin reactivity to ultraviolet (UV) light is based on self-estimation of tendency to burn and tan (Fitzpatricks classification). Although widely accepted, the model has shown to correlate poorly with actual UV sensitivity, measured by phototest. The aim of the present study was to investigate how self-estimated skin type, according to Fitzpatrick, and actual UV sensitivity measured by phototest correlate with sun exposure and protection. Methods: One hundred and sixty-six voluntary patients visiting their general practitioner for investigation of suspicious skin tumours were recruited for the study, and filled out a questionnaire, mapping sun habits and sun protection behaviour, based on five-point Likert responses. The patients reported their skin type (I-VI) according to Fitzpatrick, and a phototest was performed to determine the minimal erythema dose. Results: For most of the questions, high self-estimated UV sensitivity, according to Fitzpatrick, appeared to be associated with a higher level of sun avoidance/protection (P less than 0.05). For actual UV sensitivity, however, the difference in response distribution was only significant for sunscreen use, and did not show a similar apparent association related to the degree of UV sensitivity. Conclusion: Self-estimated skin UV sensitivity, according to Fitzpatricks classification, appears to be a stronger predictor of sun exposure and protection than actual UV sensitivity measured by phototest.
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| 4. |
- Falk, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Phototesting with a divergent UVB beam in the investigation of anti-inflammatory effects of topically applied substances
- 2003
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Ingår i: Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0905-4383 .- 1600-0781. ; 19:4, s. 195-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Phototesting based on a single exposure to a divergent ultraviolet B (UVB) beam with radially decreasing UVB doses can be used to determine an individual's minimal erythema dose (MED). Laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) data can be combined with dosimetry data to produce objective dose–response plots in addition to the MED. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the divergent beam protocol could be used to demonstrate and quantify the anti-inflammatory effects of clobetasol diproprionate (Dermovate®), pharmaceutical-grade acetone and a gel vehicle, applied after skin provocation by UVB.Method: Sixteen Caucasian subjects were illuminated with the divergent beam on three areas close together on the left side of their upper backs. Two of the provoked areas on each subject were treated with acetone, gel vehicle or Dermovate®, and one area was left untreated as a control. Skin blood perfusion was assessed 6 and 24 h after UVB illumination using LDPI. The reaction diameter, the mean perfusion, and the average dose–response plots for each group and treatment were extracted from the LDPI data.Results: Application of the topical steroid clobetasol diproprionate after UVB provocation markedly decreased the inflammatory response. Acetone and the gel vehicle also showed mild anti-inflammmatory effects in two of the parameters but not for the mean perfusion response. The mean diameter differences between controls and treated reactions had predominantly positive 99% confidence intervals. Analysis of the dose–response data at doses higher than the MED showed a linear relationship (0.89≤R2≤0.98) for all reactions but with lower gradients in treated reactions, mostly marked for clobetasol diproprionate.Conclusions: The divergent beam protocol can be used to demonstrate and quantify the effects of topical agents on the UVB reaction, in terms of reaction diameter, mean perfusion and changes in dose–response characteristics. The dose–response approach seems to be applicable even in diagnostic testing of an individual patient's response to UVB.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ilias, Michail, et al.
(författare)
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Phototesting based on a divergent beam : a study on normal subjects
- 2001
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Ingår i: Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine. - : Wiley. - 0905-4383 .- 1600-0781. ; 17:4, s. 189-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a previous publication from our group, phototesting based on a single exposure to a divergent UVB beam with radially decreasing irradiance values was suggested. The aim of the present study was to evaluate technical, practical and biological aspects of the suggested method in normal subjects. Twenty healthy volunteers were provoked on the back with both a collimated beam (four fixed doses, in circular areas with a diameter of 1.5 cm) and the divergent beam (a continuous, radially attenuating dose spectrum covering an area with a diameter of 4.5 cm). Eleven of the subjects were subjected to double provocation with the divergent beam. Assessment was carried out at 6 and 24 h after exposure by measuring the diameter of the reactions both visually and by mapping the skin blood flow change with laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI). Minimal erythemal dose (MED) was determined for both the collimated and the divergent provocation. The reaction diameters were used to decide MED by combination to a mm for mm mapped dose spectrum of the divergent beam profile. Dose-response curves were plotted using the quantitative response data of the LDPI-images against the corresponding dosimetry data. No systematic difference could be proven between LDPI and visual diameters and a 95% confidence interval for the mean difference was calculated to (-0.8, 2.0). Slightly greater diameters were found at the visual assessment performed at 6 h compared to 24 h (95% confidence interval (-0.1, 2.8)). Double provocation showed a good reproducibility both for the visual and the LDPI assessment (P<0.05). The divergent beam provocation allowed a more detailed discrimination of MED compared to the collimated beam provocation. The MED values determined with the divergent beam were, however, generally higher, especially in the lower range of MED values. Technical factors related to the beam divergence and the correct measurement of erythemal effective irradiance are believed to be the explanation for this phenomenon, which is thus correctable. In conclusion, the results from this study support our belief that the phototesting protocol based on a divergent beam constitutes a good opportunity for improved phototesting, since MED and dose-response characteristics may be extracted in more detail from a single UV exposure.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Osmancevic, Amra, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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UVB therapy increases 25(OH) vitamin D syntheses in postmenopausal women with psoriasis.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine. - : Wiley. - 0905-4383 .- 1600-0781. ; 23:5, s. 172-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Keywords: bone mineral density;psoriasis;secondary hyperparathyroidism;UVB therapy;vitamin D Background: Vitamin D3 is produced in the epidermis by ultraviolet (UV) radiation (290–315 nm) of 7-dehydrocholesterol. A similar range of 290–320 nm (broadband UVB) has been successfully used for years to treat psoriasis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether UVB therapy was able to influence vitamin D synthesis in psoriasis patients. Methods: Twenty-four postmenopausal, white Caucasian women, aged 69±5.9 (mean±SD), with active plaque psoriasis, were treated with broadband UVB two to three times per week for 8–12 weeks. The serum concentrations of calcidiol (25(OH)D3), calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3), intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), thyroid hormones, osteocalcin, calcium and creatinine were measured before the first and after the last dose of radiation. Bone density was measured using Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (Hologic Delphi A) at the hip and lumbar spine. Results: Serum levels of 25(OH)D3 increased from 36.8±17 ng/ml (mean±SD) to 59.6±18.7 ng/ml (P<0.001) after the UVB treatment period. Serum PTH decreased from 62.8±25.7 ng/l to 48.2±17.4 ng/l (P<0.001). Secondary hyperparathyroidism (PTH>65 ng/l) was revealed in seven patients (29%) in whom PTH values were suppressed by the UVB therapy. The serum levels of calcitriol, calcium, osteocalcin, thyroid hormones and creatinine were unaltered. Conclusion: UVB therapy in elderly psoriatic women improved psoriasis, increased serum 25(OH)D3 synthesis and reduced serum PTH concentrations.
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| 9. |
- Osmancevic, Amra, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin D production in psoriasis patients increases less with narrowband than with broadband ultraviolet B phototherapy.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine. - : Wiley. - 1600-0781 .- 0905-4383. ; 25:3, s. 119-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phototherapy of psoriasis is an effective treatment. In addition to standard broadband ultraviolet radiation B (UVB), (280-320 nm), narrowband phototherapy (NBUVB) (monochromatic UV between 311 and 312 nm) has become an important treatment for psoriasis. The same wavelength range of UVB (290-315 nm) induces synthesis of vitamin D. The aim was to compare the effect of broadband with NBUVB therapy on vitamin D synthesis in patients with psoriasis.
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| 10. |
- Persson, Asa E, et al.
(författare)
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The mutagenic effect of ultraviolet-A1 on human skin demonstrated by sequencing the p53 gene in single keratinocytes.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine. - : Wiley. - 0905-4383 .- 1600-0781. ; 18:6, s. 287-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Sun exposure is accepted as the major risk factor for developing skin cancer, the most common cancer in the western world. Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is considered the causative agent, but recently several findings suggest a role also for ultraviolet-A (UV-A) radiation. Repeated suberythemal doses of ultraviolet-A1 (UV-A1) on healthy human skin induce an increase of p53 immunoreactive cells in epidermis, which may indicate cell cycle arrest and/or occurrence of p53 mutations.METHODS: We have investigated the possible mutagenic effect of UV-A1 on skin by sequencing exons 4-11 and adjacent intron sequence of the p53 gene in immunoreactive single cells from three healthy individuals. Previously unexposed buttock skin was irradiated three times a week for 2 weeks with physiological fluences (40 J/cm2) of UV-A1. Punch biopsies were taken before and at different time-points after the exposure, and from these single p53 immunoreactive cells were isolated by using laser-assisted microdissection.RESULTS: Three mutations--all being indicative of oxidative damage and most likely related to UV-A exposure--were found among the 37 single cells from exposed skin, whereas no mutations were found in the 22 single cells taken before exposure.CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate a mutagenic effect of low-dose UV-A1 on healthy human skin, which further demonstrates the importance of considering UV-A when taking protective measures against skin cancer.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Wiegleb Edström, Desirée, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Cyclosporin A therapy for severe solar urticaria
- 1997
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Ingår i: Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0905-4383 .- 1600-0781. ; 13:1-2, s. 61-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solar urticaria is characterized by itching weals that occur a few minutes after exposure to visible or ultraviolet light. The symptoms may sometimes restrict normal daily life. Treatment is difficult in more severe cases. We describe one patient with solar urticaria who was successfully treated with cyclosporin A. The patient had first been treated with antihistamine, PUVA and chloroquine phosphate without effect. Cyclosporin was given in a dose of 4.5 mg/kg body weight/day. Phototesting before, during and after treatment showed a decreased light sensitivity to UVA, UVB and visible light during cyclosporin treatment compared with phototesting before therapy. The patient could be out in the sun for at least 1 h with minimal urticaria during cyclosporin therapy compared with only a few minutes previously. However, 1-2 weeks after cyclosporin therapy was discontinued, skin symptoms returned. Cyclosporin therapy is a possible treatment in severe cases of solar urticaria where other treatments have failed, especially in countries where treatment is necessary only for a few months during summer.
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| 13. |
- Wiegleb Edström, Desirée, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects on human skin of repetitive ultraviolet-A1 (UVA1) irradiation and visible light.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0905-4383 .- 1600-0781. ; 17:2, s. 66-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has a variety of effects on human skin. Best known are the effects of UVB (290-320 nm) and UVA2 (320-340 nm), which cause DNA damage and increased risk of cancer. However, the effects of UVA1 (340-400 nm) have been not completely investigated.METHODS: The effects of repetitive low doses of UVA1 and visible light were studied in 12 healthy individuals. A part of the buttock was exposed to 20 J/cm2 UVA1 and another part of 126 J/cm2 of visible light three times a week for 4 weeks. Repeated punch biopsies were taken during the 4 weeks of treatment and also 2 weeks after the last irradiation. The avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase technique was used to investigate the expression of p53, p21WAF, bcl-2, Ki67 and cyclin A.RESULTS: By comparison to untreated skin, an increased expression of p53 but not p21WAF in keratinocytes was seen. The bcl-2 protein expression increased slightly after both UVA1 and visible light. An increased staining with Ki67 and cyclin A after UVA1 but not after visible light was observed as a sign of increased proliferation.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that suberythemal doses of UVA1 and even visible light may cause DNA damage.
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| 14. |
- Chaiyabutr, Chayada, et al.
(författare)
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Photopatch testing in a tropical country, Thailand : 20 years' experience
- 2021
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Ingår i: Photodermatology Photoimmunology and Photomedicine. - : Wiley. - 0905-4383 .- 1600-0781. ; 37:1, s. 28-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Photoallergic contact dermatitis is one of the important parts of photodermatoses. The investigation of choice is photopatch testing. However, reports with photopatch test results from Asian countries are scarce. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of positive photopatch test reactions and to ascertain the common photoallergens among Thai patients during 1998-2018. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 339 patients who were clinically suspected of having photoallergic contact dermatitis and had undergone photopatch testing. Results: A total of 44 photoallergic contact reactions in 38 patients (11.2%) were found. The positive photoallergic reactions were mainly found with organic ultraviolet filters and fragrances. Conclusions: Organic ultraviolet filter chemicals especially benzophenone-3 and fragrances were found to have a high prevalence of photoallergic contact reactions. Monitoring of the photoallergens employed in photopatch tests should be conducted periodically to provide the best patient care.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Pagels, Peter, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Pupils' use of school outdoor play settings across seasons and its relation to sun exposure and physical activity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Photodermatology Photoimmunology & Photomedicine. - : Wiley. - 0905-4383 .- 1600-0781. ; 36:5, s. 365-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Long outdoor stay may cause hazardous exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun even at high latitudes as in Sweden (Spring to Autumn). On the other hand, long outdoor stay is a strong predictor of primary school children ' s free mobility involving moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). UV-protective outdoor environments enable long outdoor stay. We investigated the concurrent impact of different school outdoor play settings upon pupils ' sun exposure and levels of physical activity across different ages, genders, and seasons. Method During 1 week each in September, March, and May, UVR exposure and MVPA were measured in pupils aged 7-11 years. Erythemally effective UVR exposure was measured by polysulphone film dosimeters and MVPA by accelerometers. Schoolyard play was recorded on maps, and used areas defined as four play settings (fixed play equipment, paved surfaces, sport fields, and green settings), categorized by season and gender. Results During the academic year, sport fields yielded the highest UVR exposures and generated most time in MVPA. In March, time outdoors and minutes in MVPA dropped and UVR exposures were suberythemal at all play settings. In May, green settings and fixed play equipment close to greenery promoted MVPA and protected from solar overexposure during long outdoor stays. Conclusion More outdoor activities in early spring are recommended. In May, greenery attractive for play could protect against overexposure to UVR and stimulate both girls and boys to vigorous play.
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| 18. |
- Sallander, Ellinor, et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin D levels after UVB radiation : effects by UVA additions in a randomized controlled trial
- 2013
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Ingår i: Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0905-4383 .- 1600-0781. ; 29:6, s. 323-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation increases the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. However, the impact of UVA on vitamin D synthesis by UVB is poorly understood clinically.OBJECTIVE: To examine how different combinations of UVA and UVB radiation affect S-25(OH)D for the same vitamin D-weighted exposure.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Healthy participants were recruited and subsequently divided into four comparable groups regarding initial 25(OH)D value. The different radiations given were whole-body UVB (n = 23), UVAB (n = 23) and UVA (n = 10). The controls (n = 19) had no intervention. The exposure times were chosen to give the same calculated vitamin D effective dose (suberythemal exposures ≤1 standard erythema dose). Blood samples were collected before the first irradiation (t0), immediately after the last (fifth) irradiation (t1) and then after another 2 days after the last (fifth) irradiation (t2).RESULTS: UVB and UVAB radiation significantly increased 25(OH)D levels. In the UVA group the increase was less with the same vitamin D-weighted radiation dose.CONCLUSIONS: Short sessions of UVB or UVAB radiation with the same vitamin D-weighted exposure increased 25(OH)D levels. The UVA dose does not influence 25(OH)D levels under short exposure times. However, there was a significantly lower increase of 25(OH)D levels during longer UVA irradiation (≥9 min).
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| 19. |
- Sjöholm Hylén, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of illuminance in simulated daylight photodynamic therapy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Photodermatology Photoimmunology & Photomedicine. - : Wiley. - 0905-4383 .- 1600-0781. ; 38:6, s. 564-570
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Simulated daylight photodynamic therapy (SDL-PDT) is a new treatment alternative for actinic keratosis. The aim of this study was to show how the illuminance that reaches the target skin area during SDL-PDT depends on the spatial positioning of the patient. Methods In this technical validation study, illuminance from the SDL-PDT system IndoorLux (c) was measured at different angles, directions, and distances from the light sources corresponding to potential target skin areas. Using two different photometers, data from 63 measuring points at seven specific distances from the ceiling were collected at 0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees angles, respectively. Illuminance levels >= 12,000 lux were regarded as adequate. Hotspots were defined as adequate measurements in all directions at a specific measuring point at distances of 1.3, 1.5, and 1.8 m from the light sources (i.e., the most common patient treatment positions). Results Adequate illuminance levels were more common with photometer 1 (73%) than photometer 2 (57%). Almost all illuminance levels were adequate at a 0 degrees angle with both photometers. Adequate illuminance levels were observed at 82-93% of the measuring points at a 45 degrees angle and 22-47% at a 90 degrees angle. Hotspots were registered with both photometers at all measuring points at 0 degrees; 59-79% of the measuring points at 45 degrees; and 0-21% at 90 degrees. Conclusion Patient positioning is important during SDL-PDT. Adequate illuminance is achieved if target skin areas are positioned at 0 degrees-45 degrees angles relative to the light sources, but not at 90 degrees angles.
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| 20. |
- Stenman, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Sun protection behaviour in organ transplant recipients and non-transplant patients attending a dermatology outpatient clinic in Sweden: A questionnaire survey
- 2022
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Ingår i: Photodermatology Photoimmunology & Photomedicine. - : Wiley. - 0905-4383 .- 1600-0781. ; 38:2, s. 132-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/purpose Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) are at high risk of developing skin cancer and are therefore advised to protect their skin against ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Specialized OTR clinics with dermatological follow-up may improve sun habits among OTRs. In this study, we compared self-reported sun exposure and sun protection behaviour between OTRs and non-transplant patients (non-TPs) and between OTRs with and without special dermatological follow-up. Methods Patients from Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden, completed a sun exposure questionnaire. Between 2011 and 2015, 282 OTRs transplanted in the period 1976-2014 and 414 non-TPs were recruited among dermatological outpatients. Participants were stratified into five groups by their status as OTRs or non-TPs and by attendance to dermatological follow-up. Results More non-TPs than OTRs reported one or more sunburns in the past year, 46% vs. 20%, P < .0001). More OTRs with than OTRs without dermatological follow-up reported frequent use of sunscreens (63% vs 44%, P = .006). More OTRs with follow-up used one or more sun protection measure such as covering clothes, than other OTRs (54% vs 34%, P = .016). Conclusion In this study, OTRs reported less sun exposure than non-TPs. Specialized dermatological follow-up seems to improve sun protection behaviour among OTRs. We suggest that specialized OTR clinics should be more broadly implemented.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Zaar, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
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A prospective, randomized, within-subject study of ALA-PDT for actinic keratoses using different irradiation regimes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Photodermatology Photoimmunology & Photomedicine. - : Wiley. - 0905-4383. ; 34:5, s. 338-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) can be used to treat large fields of actinic keratoses (AKs) with high clearance rates. A notable downside is the amount of pain that accompany the treatment. This study aimed to optimize the illumination protocol during conventional PDT in order to reduce pain without compromising treatment effectiveness. MethodsIn this prospective, randomized study with a split-face design, patients with, symmetrically distributed AKs were included. All patients were treated using a ALA 78mg/g gel. One side was illuminated with the Aktilite((R)) CL-128 lamp and the other side with the RhodoLED((R)) lamp in which the light intensity gradually increased to a maximum of 60%. Both sides received a total light dose of 37J/cm(2). Pain during the treatment was measured using a visual analogue scale. The clinical effectiveness of the 2 treated sides was assessed after 12weeks. ResultsTwenty-nine patients with 399 AKs were included. Illumination with the gradually increasing light intensity resulted in a decrease in the median visual analogue scale score by 1.1 points. Clearance rates were similar between the 2 lamps. ConclusionMinimizing the light intensity during the illumination phase of PDT reduces pain, while still preserving a high clearance rate of AKs.
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| 24. |
- Truedsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Bone substitute as an on-lay graft on rat tibia
- 2010
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Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : Wiley. - 1600-0501 .- 0905-7161. ; 21:4, s. 424-429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To investigate the capacity of Cerament (R), an injectable bone substitute, to guide bone generation from a cortical surface. Materials and method Cerament (R) was applied to the cortical surface of rat tibiae and investigated histologically after 3, 6 and 12 weeks, using a procedure similar to that performed in sham-operated rats. Results In both groups, the thickness of the bone cortex increased significantly from 473 +/- 58 mu m (mean +/- SD) at day 0 to 1193 +/- 255 mu m (Cerament (R)) and 942 +/- 323 mu m (sham) after 3 weeks. In the Cerament (R) group, the new bone thickness remained constant (1258 +/- 288 mu m) until the end of the experiment at 12 weeks, while the sham group demonstrated a return to initial cortical thickness (591 +/- 73 mu m) at 12 weeks. The newly formed bone in the Cerament (R) group was highly trabecular after 3 weeks but attained a normal trabecular structure of the cortex after 12 weeks. Conclusion Cerament (R) may guide bone generation from an intact cortical bone surface. Although bone remodeling speed may differ between rats and humans, our study indicates that Cerament (R) may become a useful alternative to autologous bone, both to fill defects and to increase bone volume by cortical augmentation. To cite this article:Truedsson A, Wang J-S, Lindberg P, Gordh M, Sunzel B, Warfvinge G. Bone substitute as an on-lay graft on rat tibia. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 424-429.doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01875.x.
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