| 1. |
- Mintova, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Growth of silicalite-1 films on gold substrates
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Microporous Materials. - 0927-6513 .- 1873-3107. ; 11:3-4, s. 149-160
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The crystallization of thin continuous silicalite-1 films on modified gold surfaces prepared at 100°C in clear precursor solutions has been studied by grazing angle X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, Kr adsorption and ellipsometry. The gold surfaces were pre-treated with a silane coupling agent, gamma-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, and hydrolysed in an acidic solution, pH < 4, to create a modified negatively charged interface on which positively charged colloidal silicalite-1 seed crystals were adsorbed. The colloidal seed crystals are believed to be preferentially adsorbed with their {010} face parallel to the Au surface. Continued growth of the oriented seed crystals in a following hydrothermal step results in the formation of a continuous thin oriented crystalline film. The mechanism for the formation of silicalite-1 films on Au is discussed
|
|
| 2. |
- Schoeman, Brian J.
(författare)
-
Homogeneous nature of clear TPA-silicalite-1 precursor solutions
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Microporous Materials. - 0927-6513 .- 1873-3107. ; 9:5-6, s. 267-271
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The polymeric silica present in clear tetrapropylammonium (TPA) silicate solutions, with the molar composition 9TPAOH:25SiO2:480H2O:100ethanol and from which discrete colloidal crystals of TPA-silicalite-1 may be synthesized, has been characterized with respect to particle size using a modified method in which the reaction rate of monomeric silica with molybdic acid was recorded. The estimated particle size of 2.8 nm obtained with this method agrees well with previous studies of the sub-colloidal fraction wherein cryo-TEM and high effect laser light scattering techniques were employed.
|
|
| 3. |
- Valtchev, V., et al.
(författare)
-
Deposition of continuous silicalite-1 films on inorganic fibers
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Microporous Materials. - 0927-6513 .- 1873-3107. ; 8:1-2, s. 93-101
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silicalite-fiber composites were prepared by a new method for the synthesis of molecular sieve films. The method consists of two steps: in the first one, the surface charge of the support is reversed by treatment with a cationic polymer solution and a monolayer of negatively charged colloidal molecular sieve seed crystals is adsorbed on the surface. The second step consists of hydrothermal treatment of the support in a molecular sieve precursor solution resulting in the formation of a continuous film of molecular sieve. The method was applied to carbon, ZrO2, Al2O3, mullite, ceramic and pyrex glass fibers. The crystallization of continuous silicalite-1 films on all types of fibers was confirmed by SEM, XRD, FTIR, DTA analyses and BET surface area measurements.
|
|
| 4. |
- Gustavsson, Leif, et al.
(författare)
-
Variability in energy and carbon dioxide balances of wood and concrete building materials
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 41:7, s. 940-951
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A variety of factors affect the energy and CO2 balances of building materials over their lifecycle. Previous studies have shown that the use of wood for construction generally results in lower energy use and CO2 emission than does the use of concrete. To determine the uncertainties of this generality, we studied the changes in energy and CO2 balances caused by variation of key parameters in the manufacture and use of the materials comprising a wood- and a concrete-framed building. Parameters considered were clinker production efficiency, blending of cement, crushing of aggregate, recycling of steel, lumber drying efficiency, material transportation distance, carbon intensity of fossil fuel, recovery of logging, sawmill, construction and demolition residues for biofuel, and growth and exploitation of surplus forest not needed for wood material production. We found the materials of the wood-framed building had lower energy and CO2 balances than those of the concrete-framed building in all cases but one. Recovery of demolition and wood processing residues for use in place of fossil fuels contributed most significantly to the lower energy and CO2 balances of wood-framed building materials. We conclude that the use of wood building material instead of concrete, coupled with greater integration of wood by-products into energy systems, would be an effective means of reducing fossil fuel use and net CO2 emission to the atmosphere.
|
|
| 5. |
- Schmeink, Channa E., et al.
(författare)
-
Co-administration of human papillomavirus-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine with hepatitis B vaccine: Randomized study in healthy girls
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 29:49, s. 9276-9283
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To evaluate co-administration of GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals human papillomavirus-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine (HPV) and hepatitis B vaccine (HepB). Methods: This was a randomized, controlled, open, multicenter study. Healthy girls, aged 9-15 years, were randomized to receive HPV (n = 247), HepB (n = 247) or HPV co-administered with HepB (HPV+ HepB: n=247) at Months 0,1 and 6. Antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs), HPV-16 and HPV-18 were measured, and reactogenicity and safety monitored. Co-primary objectives were to demonstrate non-inferiority of hepatitis B and HPV-16/18 immune responses at Month 7 for co-administered vaccines, compared with vaccines administered alone, in the according-to-protocol cohort. Results: The pre-defined criteria for non-inferiority were met for all co-primary immunogenicity end-points at Month 7. Anti-HBs seroprotection rates greater than= 10 mIU/mL were achieved by 97.9% and 100% of girls, respectively, following co-administration or HepB alone. Anti-HBs geometric mean titers (GMTs) (95% confidence interval) were 1280.9 (973.3-1685.7) and 3107.7 (2473.1-3905.1) milli-international units/mL, respectively. Anti-HPV-16 and -18 seroconversion rates were achieved by greater than= 99% of girls following co-administration or HPV alone. Anti-HPV-16 GMTs were 19819.8 (16856.9-23303.6) and 21712.6 (19460.2-24225.6) ELISA units (ELU)/mL, respectively. Anti-HPV-18 GMTs were 8835.1 (7636.3-10222.1) and 8838.6 (7948.5-9828.4) ELU/mL, respectively. Co-administration was generally well tolerated. Conclusions: The study results support the co-administration of HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine with hepatitis B vaccine in adolescent girls aged 9-15 years. Clinical trials registration: ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT00652938.
|
|
