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- Skioldebrand, E, et al.
(författare)
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Altered homeostasis of extracellular matrix proteins in joints of standardbred trotters during a long-term training programme
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Medicine. Series A. - : Wiley. - 0931-184X .- 1439-0442. ; 53:9, s. 445-449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluates how strenuous training, age and lameness influence the release of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (sf-COMP), aggrecan and collagen type II into synovial fluid in 28 (19.5-40 months) Standardbred trotters (STB), during a long-term training programme (24 months). All the horses were trained by the same trainer and were healthy on entering the training programme. Synovial fluid (sf) from the left middle carpal joint in each subject was sampled every third month. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the concentrations of sf-COMP, sf-aggrecan and sf-collagen type II. Concentration of sf-COMP decreased with increasing age and total days of training. The concentration of sf-COMP was found similarly related to both age and total days of training, so they could not be differentiated. It was also shown that the concentration of collagen type II degradation products increased with total days of training. The study shows that extensive and long-term training programme induces metabolic changes in articular cartilage exemplified by reduced release and synthesis of COMP. This is most likely due to strenuous training leading to inappropriate load on the articular cartilage.
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| 6. |
- Koonjaenak, S., et al.
(författare)
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Morphological features of spermatozoa of swamp buffalo ai bulls, inThailand
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Medicine A. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0931-184X .- 1439-0442. ; 54:4, s. 169-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The appearance and incidence of sperm abnormalities was studied in 115 ejaculates, collected periodically over I year covering all seasons from five mature, healthy swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls reared under tropical conditions and serving as the current source of semen for artificial insemination (Al) in Thailand. Light microscopy of stained smears was used to investigate sperm head shape morphology, while unstained wet smears were used to examine other sperm abnormalities. The most commonly found morphological aberrations were pear-shaped spermatozoa, knobbed acrosomes, proximal cytoplasmic droplets, simple bent tails and coiled tails under the head, whose ultrastructure (scanning electron microscopy) corresponded to what has been found in other species of bovidae, including varieties of buffalo. The mean prevalence (as least squares mean SEM) of sperm abnormalities was low (below 15%), corresponding to healthy spermiograms. The younger bulls (less than 10 years old, n = 3) had less abnormalities than the older ones (10.1 +/- 0.6% versus 14.1 +/- 0.8%, P less than 0.001, n = 2), including abnormalities of sperm head shape (1.1 +/- 0.3% versus 3.6 +/- 0.3, P less than 0.001), acrosome defects with knobbed acrosomes (1.1 +/- 0.2% versus 1.2 +/- 0.3%, P less than 0.001), spermatozoa with proximal cytoplasmic droplets (2.7 +/- 0.1 % versus 1.4 +/- 0.2%, P less than 0.00 1), defective mid-pieces (0.2 +/- 0.1% versus 0.3 +/- 0.1%) and abnormal sperm tails (3.1 +/- 0.3% versus 5.7 +/- 0.4%, P less than 0.001). The within-bull effect of the year solely affected the incidence of pear-shaped spermatozoa while the incidences of abnormal contour, variable size of sperm head shapes, abnormal mid-piece and simple bent tail among bulls were affected by ejaculate (week of collection). Interaction between age and ejaculate affected only the prevalence of spermatozoa with proximal cytoplasmic droplets. In conclusion, the types of defects encountered were similar to those found in other bovidae, with a very low prevalence over the year the Al sires were followed through.
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| 7. |
- Koonjaenak, S., et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal variation in nuclear DNA integrity of frozen-thawed spermatozoa from Thai AI swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Medicine A. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0931-184X .- 1439-0442. ; 54:7, s. 377-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of frozen-thawed swamp buffalo sperm nuclear DNA to undergo controlled acid-induced denaturation in situ, as analysed by flow cytometry, and aimed to correlate the results with sperm head morphology over three seasons in tropical Thailand. Artificial insemination (AI) doses (n = 218) from 18 AI buffalo sires, prepared between 1980 and 1989 and 2003 and 2005, were tested and compared among three seasons, the rainy season, July-October; winter, November-February; and summer , March-June. The overall mean of DNA fragmentation index (DFI) (+/- SD) was 1.84 +/- 1.68%, range from 0.19 to 7.92%, with 0.221 +/- 0.021 of the x-DFI ranging from 0.190 to 0.350 and 0.023 +/- 0.009 of the SD-DFI ranging from 0.010 to 0.070. The DFI was consistently low (range 1.40 +/- 0.21% to 2.16 +/- 0.21%; LSM +/- SEM), with x-DFI ranging from 0.216 +/- 0.003 to 0.225 +/- 0.003 and SD-DFI ranging from 0.022 +/- 0.001 to 0.024 +/- 0.001 across the seasons. The DFI was low enough to be related to high fertility potential. However, DFI values varied statistically among seasons, being lower in the rainy season (1.40 +/- 0.21%, P less than 0.05) than in winter (2.16 +/- 0.21%) or summer (2.00 +/- 0.20%), and were also affected by the year of semen collection and processing (P less than 0.001). The proportion of morphologically abnormal sperm head shapes was low, with no significant differences between seasons. However, DFI was significantly related to the proportion of loose abnormal sperm heads (r = 0.27, P less than 0.01). In conclusion, frozen-thawed swamp buffalo sperm chromatin integrity is not seriously damaged by cryo-preservation or affected by the seasonal variations in temperature and humidity seen in tropical Thailand.
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| 8. |
- Ley, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor in synovial fluid from horses with carpal joint pathology
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Medicine A. - : Wiley. - 0931-184X .- 1439-0442. ; 54:7, s. 346-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The carpal joints are common sites of traumatic arthritis and osteoarthritis (OA) in athletic horses. The pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) may be of great importance in the development of intra-articular lesions. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible associations between synovial fluid levels of bioactive IL-6 and TNF and different types of joint lesions seen in traumatic arthritis and OA. Synovial fluid was collected from horses with carpal lameness immediately before arthroscopic surgery. Articular cartilage, synovial membranes and intra-articular ligaments were assessed macroscopically at arthroscopy. Synovial fluid levels of IL-6 and TNF were determined by bioassays, and the cytokine levels between different grades of morphologic changes in each type of assessed tissue were compared. The highest levels of IL-6 were detected in joints with chip fractures. All joints with chip fractures also showed some degree of synovitis. Tumour necrosis factor bioactivity was low and not associated with any joint lesion. Hence, TNF is not useful as a biomarker indicating a specific joint lesion in equine traumatic arthritis or OA. We conclude that a dramatic increase of IL-6 in synovial fluid indicates the presence of osteochondral fragmentation, although low or undetectable levels of IL-6 do not exclude chip fractures. The role of IL-6 in the disease process of osteochondral fragmentation needs further investigation.
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| 10. |
- Mekasha, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of supplementation with agro-industrial by-products and Khat (Catha edulis) leftovers on testicular growth and sperm production in Ogaden bucks
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Medicine A. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0931-184X .- 1439-0442. ; 54:3, s. 147-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to characterize growth and sperm production parameters in Ogaden bucks fed a basal diet of hay and supplemented with agro-industrial by-products and Khat leftovers in Ethiopia. Thirty-five bucks with a mean ( SD) initial live body weight (BW) of 15.5 +/- 1.5 kg were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments for a period of 13 weeks. Treatments consisted of native hay fed ad libitum (control; C), native hay supplemented with a 1% of BW agroindustrial by-products (treatment 1; T1), native hay supplemented with Khat (Catha edulis) leftovers at a rate of 1% of BW (treatment 2; T2) and Khat leftovers fed ad libitum (treatment 3; T3). Bucks fed on T1-T3 had higher BW, body condition score, scrotal circumference (SC), testicular width and testicular length, compared to controls (P less than 0.05). Also, bucks in T1-T3 had higher sperm progressive motility, sperm concentration per ml and total number of spermatozoa per ejaculate compared to controls (P less than 0.05). Between treatments, bucks in T3 recorded the highest BW (17.2 +/- 0.16) and testicular size (21.1 +/- 0.17 cm). Both testicular and epididymal weight and dimensions were significantly affected (P less than 0.05) by supplementation compared to controls. Testicular size was positively correlated to live BW (r = 0.53, P less than 0.001). SC was positively correlated with ejaculate volume (r = 0.37, P less than 0.001), sperm mass activity (r = 0.65, P less than 0.001) and individual sperm progressive motility (r = 0.40; P less than 0.001). Supplementation with Khat leftovers induced the highest improvement in live BW, testicular size, semen production and sperm motility in Ogaden bucks and can possibly be considered as a feed supplement to enhance goat production under smallholder livestock farming system in Ethiopia.
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| 11. |
- Lindholm, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of fasting and carbohydrate consumption on voluntary resting apnea duration
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 100:4, s. 417-425
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breath holding is normally terminated due to the urge to breathe, mainly caused by the increasing carbon dioxide level. It was recently shown that a combination of 18 h of carbohydrate-free diet and prolonged exercise prior to breath holding lowered the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and end-expiratory PO(2 )at maximal breath-hold break-point (MBP). Current hypothesis: fasting will result in longer breath-hold duration than will fasting followed by carbohydrate intake. It was also hypothesized that breath-holds during carbohydrate supplementation would be ended at a higher alveolar PO(2). Ten male non-divers performed multiple breath-holds either to the first diaphragmatic contraction (PBP), or to MBP. The breath-holds were performed during normal diet (control; C), twice during fasting (F14 h, F18 h), followed by post fasting carbohydrate consumption (PFCC) and a repetition of the breath-hold testing 1-2 h after ingestion of carbohydrates. Duration, RER, end-tidal PO(2) and PCO(2), SaO(2) and blood glucose were determined. RER and blood glucose increased after PFCC compared with fasting and control conditions (P < 0.001). PBP breath-hold duration increased from 129 +/- 34 s at C to 148 +/- 33 s at F18 h, and was reduced during PFCC to 122 +/- 30 s (P < 0.001). End-tidal PO(2) was higher at PFCC compared to F18 h (10.4 +/- 1.2 vs. 9.5 +/- 1.2 kPa at PBP, P < 0.05). Similar trends in breath-hold duration and physiology were seen in breath-holds that were terminated at MBP. Dietary restriction can affect breath-hold duration. The lower O(2) level at breakpoint during fasting suggests that breath holding may be less safe during fasting; the increased risk may be mitigated by ingestion of carbohydrates before breath holding.
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