| 1. |
- Remberg, P, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics, clinical effect profile and tolerability of a nasal spray preparation of Artemisia abrotanum L. for allergic rhinitis.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0944-7113 .- 1618-095X. ; 11:1, s. 36-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A nasal spray formulation containing an extract of Artemisia abrotanum L. was developed for therapeutic use in patients with allergic rhinitis and other upper airway disorders. The nasal spray preparation used contains a mixture of essential oils (4 mg/ml) and flavonols (2.5 microg/ml), of which some components have been shown to possess antiinflammatory, expectorant, spasmolytic as well as antiseptic and antimicrobial activities. The most important constituents in the essential oil fraction of the preparation are 1,8-cineole, linalool and davanone, while the flavonol fraction contains centauredin, casticin and quercetin dimethyl-ethers. No trace of thujon was observed in the essential oil of the Artemisia abrotanum L. genotype "Tycho" used for the manufacture of the nasal spray preparation. In 12 patients with diagnoses of allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis and/or bronchial obstructive disease, the nasal spray was given immediately after the appearance of characteristic allergic nasal symptoms. In 10 of the 12 patients, allergic rhinitis with nasal congestion, sneezing and rhinorrhea was dominant. After administration of the nasal spray, all patients experienced a rapid and significant symptom relief of nasal symptoms, comparable to the effect of antihistamine and chromoglicate preparations which several of the patients had used previously. The effect was present within 5 minutes after the administration and lasted for several hours. In 7 of the 10 rhinitis patients with concomitant symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis, a significant subjective relief of eye symptoms was also experienced. In 3 of the 6 patients who had a history of characteristic symptoms of endogenous, exogenous or exercise induced bronchial obstructive disease, there was a bronchial symptom relief by the nasal spray preparation which was experienced as rapid and clinically significant. It is concluded from the present proof of concept study, that a nasal spray formulation containing an extract characterised by a mixture of essential oils and flavonols from the Artemisia abrotanum L. genotype "Tycho", appears to be clinically useful and suitable for the prophylactic and therapeutic management of patients with allergic rhinitis and adjuvant symptoms.
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| 7. |
- Chung, Vincent C. H., et al.
(författare)
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Implementation science in traditional, complementary and integrative medicine: An overview of experiences from China and the United States
- 2023
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine. - : ELSEVIER GMBH. - 0944-7113 .- 1618-095X. ; 109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The introduction of traditional, complementary and integrative medicine (TCIM) services into health systems has been advocated by the World Health Organization, but there is a paucity of reviews synthesising the experiences of (i) implementing TCIM services in conventional healthcare settings and (ii) introducing evidencebased practice in TCIM. Knowledge of the first issue will assist policymakers to innovate implementation interventions in their own health system contexts. Addressing the second issue will facilitate the closure of the evidence-practice gap in TCIM and improve the translation of research evidence into health outcome benefits. Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify, describe and analyse publications on these two key TCIM policy issues via an overview from an implementation science perspective. Methods: Publications describing international experiences of implementing TCIM services or evidence for TCIM practices were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE and Global Health databases in November 2021. The findings were summarised using a narrative synthesis approach. Results: Sixty-three relevant publications were included in the analysis. Current experiences in China and the United Sates (US) reflect varying policy priorities at different stages of implementing TCIM services. In the US, where TCIM have yet to be introduced into mainstream healthcare settings, implementation interventions were designed to facilitate the provision of specific, evidence-based TCIM modalities via referrals from conventional clinicians. The application of these strategies at the health system, regulatory, financial, community, provider and patient levels provided a comprehensive picture of how TCIM implementation may be facilitated via multilevel interventions. In China, the major form of TCIM is traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), for which service provision has already been adopted at all levels of healthcare. With the high volume of clinical research that has been generated in the past several decades, a key policy question at this stage is how to translate TCM-related clinical evidence into practice. The development of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) is the main implementation intervention, but adherence by TCM clinicians has been poor, due to the conflict between classical individualised practice and CPG standardisation. While tailoring interventions to facilitate CPG uptake is indicated, concurrent innovations in TCM clinical research methods would improve the compatibility between classical and CPG-based practice. Conclusion: Policymakers managing different stages of TCIM implementation will benefit from the experiences of practitioners in the US and China. Multi-level implementation interventions launched in the US provide ideas for the initial introduction of TCIM into a conventional medicine-dominated health system. As TCIM service provision and related clinical research become more common, Chinas experience will inform how clinical evidence related to TCIM may be disseminated and implemented to improve service quality.
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| 8. |
- Dang, Wen-Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Therapeutic effects of artesunate on lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice are dependent on T follicular helper cell differentiation and activation of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway
- 2019
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine. - München : Elsevier. - 0944-7113 .- 1618-095X. ; 62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Anti-malarial drug artesunate (ART), a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisnin, has immunosuppressive effects on several autoimmune diseases, including Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and Colitis. However, molecular mechanisms of ART, especially on follicular helper T cells (Tfh), central players in SLE pathology, are far from clear.PURPOSE: The object for this work is to investigate the therapeutic effect of ART on lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice and its regulatory function on Tfh cells.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: MRL/lpr mice were used to explore therapeutic effects of ART on lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice and its regulatory functions on Tfh cells. Then, experiments of renal function were accomplished using the biochemical kits. Effects of ART on histopathology of kidneys, inflammatory factors and autoantibodies were examined using H&E staining, ELISA and real-time PCR. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis were used to examine effects of ART on Tfh differentiation and Jak2-Stat3 signaling pathway.RESULTS: Upon oral administration, ART significantly prolonged the survival of MRL/lpr mice, ameliorated the lupus nephritis symptoms, decreased the levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies deposited in the kidney, and the levels of pathogenic cytokines (IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-21). After ART treatment, T-cell compartment in the spleen of MRL/lpr mice was restored in terms of reduction in the number of Tfh cells and in the maintenance of the ratio of Tfr to follicular regulatory T cells (Tfh). In addition, ART has significantly inhibited the phosphorylation levels of Jak2 and Stat3 in the MRL/lpr mice.CONCLUSION: ART showed therapeutic effects on lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice by inhibiting the differentiation of Tfh cells as well as altering the activation status of Jak2-Stat3 signaling cascade. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier GmbH
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| 9. |
- Efferth, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Biopiracy versus One-World Medicine-From colonial relicts to global collaborative concepts
- 2019
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine. - : Elsevier. - 0944-7113 .- 1618-095X. ; 53, s. 319-331
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Practices of biopiracy to use genetic resources and indigenous knowledge by Western companies without benefit-sharing of those, who generated the traditional knowledge, can be understood as form of neo-colonialism. Hypothesis: The One-World Medicine concept attempts to merge the best of traditional medicine from developing countries and conventional Western medicine for the sake of patients around the globe. Study design: Based on literature searches in several databases, a concept paper has been written. Legislative initiatives of the United Nations culminated in the Nagoya protocol aim to protect traditional knowledge and regulate benefit-sharing with indigenous communities. The European community adopted the Nagoya protocol, and the corresponding regulations will be implemented into national legislation among the member states. Despite pleasing progress, infrastructural problems of the health care systems in developing countries still remain. Current approaches to secure primary health care offer only fragmentary solutions at best. Conventional medicine from industrialized countries cannot be afforded by the impoverished population in the Third World. Confronted with exploding costs, even health systems in Western countries are endangered to burst. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is popular among the general public in industrialized countries, although the efficacy is not sufficiently proven according to the standards of evidence-based medicine. CAM is often available without prescription as over-the-counter products with non-calculated risks concerning erroneous self-medication and safety/toxicity issues. The concept of integrative medicine attempts to combine holistic CAM approaches with evidence-based principles of conventional medicine. Conclusion: To realize the concept of One-World Medicine, a number of standards have to be set to assure safety, efficacy and applicability of traditional medicine, e.g. sustainable production and quality control of herbal products, performance of placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trials, phytovigilance, as well as education of health professionals and patients.
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| 11. |
- Guo, Hui-Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Alleviation of allergic asthma by rosmarinic acid via gut-lung axis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine. - : Elsevier. - 0944-7113 .- 1618-095X. ; 126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Asthma affects 3% of the global population, leading to over 0.25 million deaths. Due to its complexity, asthma is difficult to cure or prevent, and current therapies have limitations. This has led to a growing demand for alternative asthma treatments. We found rosmarinic acid (RosA) as a potential new drug candidate from natural medicine. However, RosA has poor bioavailability and remains mainly in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, suggesting the involvement of gut microbiota in its bioactivity. Purpose: To investigate the mechanism of RosA in alleviating allergic asthma by gut-lung axis. Methods: We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolites analysis to investigate RosA's modulation of gut microbiota. Techniques of molecular biology and metabolomics were employed to study the pharmacological mechanism of RosA. Cohousing was used to confirm the involvement of gut microbiota in RosA-induced improvement of allergic asthma. Results: RosA decreased cholate levels from spore-forming bacteria, leading to reduced 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) synthesis, bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and inflammatory cell infiltration. It also increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels, facilitating the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins to promote intestinal integrity. SCFAs upregulated intestinal monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), thereby improving their systemic delivery to reduce Th2/ILC2 mediated inflammatory response and suppress eosinophil influx and mucus production in lung. Additionally, RosA inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production and translocation, leading to reduced TLR4-NF kappa B mediated pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress. Conclusions: The anti-asthmatic mechanism of oral RosA is primarily driven by modulation of gut microbiotaderived 5-HT, SCFAs, and LPS, achieving a combined synergistic effect. RosA is a safe, effective, and reliable drug candidate that could potentially replace glucocorticoids for asthma treatment.
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| 12. |
- Khalifa, Shaden A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Screening for natural and derived bio-active compounds in preclinical and clinical studies : One of the frontlines of fighting the coronaviruses pandemic
- 2021
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0944-7113 .- 1618-095X. ; 85
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Starting December 2019, mankind faced an unprecedented enemy, the COVID-19 virus. The world convened in international efforts, experiences and technologies in order to fight the emerging pandemic. Isolation, hygiene measure, diagnosis, and treatment are the most efficient ways of prevention and intervention nowadays. The health organizations and global care systems screened the available resources and offered recommendations of approved and proposed medications. However, the search for a specific selective therapy or vaccine against COVID-19 remains a challenge.Methods: A literature search was performed for the screening of natural and derived bio-active compounds which showed potent antiviral activity against coronaviruses using published articles, patents, clinical trials website (https://clinicaltrials.gov/) and web databases (PubMed, SCI Finder, Science Direct, and Google Scholar).Results: Through the screening for natural products with antiviral activities against different types of the human coronavirus, extracts of Lycoris radiata (L'Her.), Gentiana scabra Bunge, Dioscorea batatas Decne., Cassia tora L., Taxillus chinensis (DC.), Cibotium barometz L. and Echinacea purpurea L. showed a promising effect against SARSCoV. Out of the listed compound Lycorine, emetine dihydrochloride hydrate, pristimerin, harmine, conessine, berbamine, 4'-hydroxychalcone, papaverine, mycophenolic acid, mycophenolate mofetil, monensin sodium, cycloheximide, oligomycin and valinomycin show potent activity against human coronaviruses. Additionally, it is worth noting that some compounds have already moved into clinical trials for their activity against COVID-19 including fingolimod, methylprednisolone, chloroquine, tetrandrine and tocilizumab.Conclusion: Natural compounds and their derivatives could be used for developing potent therapeutics with significant activity against SARS-COV-2, providing a promising frontline in the fighting against COVID-19.
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| 13. |
- Kupcinskas, Limas, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy of the natural antioxidant astaxanthin in the treatment of functional dyspepsia in patients with or without Helicobacter pylori infection: A prospective, randomized, double blind, and placebo-controlled study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0944-7113. ; 15:6-7, s. 391-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the natural antioxidant astaxanthin in functional dyspepsia in different doses and compared with placebo. Design: The study was a controlled, prospective, randomized, and double blind trial. Participants: Patients with functional dyspepsia, divided into three groups with 44 individuals in each group (placebo, 16 mg, or 40 mg astaxanthin, respectively). Interventions: Participants were asked to accept gastroscopy before treatment, together with questionnaires: GSRS and SF-36. Urea breath test (UBT) was done before the treatment. Main outcome: The primary objective was to test the hypothesis that the antioxidant astaxanthin at two doses regimens compared to placebo should ameliorate gastrointestinal discomfort measured as GSRS in patients with functional dyspepsia, who were either positive or negative for Helicobacter pylori, after 4 weeks of treatment. Results: At the end of therapy (week 4) no difference between the three treatment groups was observed regarding mean Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) scores of abdominal pain, indigestion and reflux syndromes. The same results were observed at the end of follow-up. However reduction of reflux syndrome before treatment to week 4 was significantly pronounced in the higher (40 mg) dose compared to the other treatment groups (16 mg and placebo, p = 0.04). Conclusion: In general, no curative effect of astaxanthin was found in functional dyspepsia patients. Significantly greater reduction of reflux symptoms were detected in patients treated with the highest dose of the natural antioxidant astaxanthin. The response was more pronounced in H. pylori-infected patients. (c) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Liang, Miaomiao, et al.
(författare)
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Phytochemicals with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- 2022
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine. - : Elsevier. - 0944-7113 .- 1618-095X. ; 100
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The evolution of resistance to antimicrobials is a ubiquitous phenomenon. The evolution of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus suggests that there is no remedy with sustaining effectiveness against this pathogen. The limited number of antibacterial drug classes and the common occurrence of cross-resistant bacteria reinforce the urgent need to discover new compounds targeting novel cellular functions. Natural products are a potential source of novel antibacterial agents. Anti-MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) bioactive compounds from Streptomyces and the anti-MRSA activity of a series of plant extracts have been reviewed respectively. However, there has been no detailed review of the precise bioactive components from plants.Purpose: The present review aimed to summarize the phytochemicals that have been reported with anti-MRSA activities, analyze their structure-activity relationship and novel anti-MRSA mechanisms.Methods: Data contained in this review article are compiled from the authoritative databases PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and so on.Results: This review summarizes 100 phytochemicals (27 flavonoids, 23 alkaloids, 17 terpenes and 33 others) that have been tested for their anti-MRSA activity. Among these phytochemicals, 39 compounds showed remarkable anti-MRSA activity with MIC values less than 10 mu g/ml, 14 compounds with MIC ranges including values <10 mu g/ml, 5 compounds with MIC values less than 5 mu M; 11 phytochemicals show synergism anti-MRSA effects in combination with antibiotics. Phytochemicals exerted anti-MRSA activities mainly by destroying the membrane structure and inhibiting the efflux pump.Conclusions: The 58 compounds with excellent anti-MRSA activity the 11 compounds with synergistic anti-MRSA effect, especially cannabinoids, xanthones and fatty acids should be further studied in vitro. Novel targets, such as cell membrane and efflux pump could be promising alternatives to develop antibacterial drugs in the future in order to prevent drug resistance.
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| 16. |
- Liu, B, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative determination of antiinflammatory principles in some Polypodium species as a basis for standardization
- 1998
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine. - 0944-7113 .- 1618-095X. ; 5:3, s. 187-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, several, compounds including polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic), the triflavonoid selligueain and a sulfonoglycolipid (SQDG) have been isolated from the South American fern, Polypodium decumanum using bioactivity directed fractionation. The present study describes the quantitative analysis using HPLC methods of these three classes of compounds in the leaves and rhizomes of the five Polypodium species. Furthermore, extracts of the five ferns are studied in three in vitro bioassays using platelet activating factor (PAF) and leukotriene B-4 (LTB4). The models are the same that previously have led to the isolation of the active principles in Polypodium decumanum. The objective of this study was to investigate if the identified active compounds could be used for standardization of the extracts. Since the SQDG was found to be present in pharmacologically detectable amounts in the crude extracts and since it presents a specific mode of action it is recommended that quantitative analysis of this constituent should be used for future standardization of the extracts.
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| 17. |
- Liu, Kaifei, et al.
(författare)
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Asperosaponin VI protects against bone destructions in collagen induced arthritis by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine. - München : Elsevier. - 0944-7113 .- 1618-095X. ; 63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Bone destructive diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoporosis and bone metastatic tumors are mainly mediated by over-activated osteoclasts. Asperosaponin VI (AVI), isolated from the rhizome of Dipsacus asper, belongs to triterpenoid saponins. It has multiple physiological activities but its effects on RA, especially on osteoclast differentiation and activation are still unclear.PURPOSE: Explore the protective role of AVI on collagen induced arthritis (CIA) in vivo and RANKL induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro.METHODS: The effects of AVI on cell viability and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, actin ring formation, bone resorption activity as well as on osteoclast specific gene and protein expression were tested using bone marrow derived monocytes (BMMs). Paws from CIA mice were used for micro-CT, HE and TRAP staining, real-time PCR and western blot. Sera were used for cytokine analysis by ELISA. The signaling pathways were detected using western blot, real-time PCR and immunofluorescence assay.RESULTS: AVI significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption activity by suppressing the formation of actin ring. It also inhibited the expression of various osteoclatogenesis marker genes and signaling pathways. AVI protected arthritis in vivo by suppressing inflammation and bone loss.CONCLUSION: AVI exerts its anti-osteoclastogenic activity both in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and function. Thus, our studies demonstrate a potential therapeutic role for AVI in preventing or inhibiting RANKL-mediated osteolytic bone diseases.
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| 18. |
- Manochkumar, Janani, et al.
(författare)
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The neuroprotective potential of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo
- 2021
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine. - : Elsevier. - 0944-7113 .- 1618-095X. ; 91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite advances in research on neurodegenerative diseases, the pathogenesis and treatment response of neurodegenerative diseases remain unclear. Recent studies revealed a significant role of carotenoids to treat neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to systematically review the neuroprotective potential of carotenoids in vivo and in vitro and the molecular mechanisms and pathological factors contributing to major neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stroke). Hypothesis: Carotenoids as therapeutic molecules to target neurodegenerative diseases. Results: Aggregation of toxic proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, the excitotoxic pathway, and neuroinflammation were the major pathological factors contributing to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies supported the beneficiary role of carotenoids, namely lycopene, beta-carotene, crocin, crocetin, lutein, fucoxanthin and astaxanthin in alleviating disease progression. These carotenoids provide neuroprotection by inhibition of neuro-inflammation, microglial activation, excitotoxic pathway, modulation of autophagy, attenuation of oxidative damage and activation of defensive antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, studies conducted on humans also demonstrated that dietary intake of carotenoids lowers the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusion: Carotenoids may be used as drugs to prevent and treat neurodegenerative diseases. Although, the in vitro and in vivo results are encouraging, further well conducted clinical studies on humans are required to conclude about the full potential of neurodegenerative diseases.
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| 19. |
- Mohamed, Tarik A., et al.
(författare)
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Plant cell cultures : An enzymatic tool for polyphenolic and flavonoid transformations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0944-7113 .- 1618-095X. ; 100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In the pharmaceutical sector, tissue culture techniques for large-scale production of natural chemicals can be a less expensive alternative to large-scale synthesis. Although recent biotransformation research have used plant cell cultures to target a wide range of bioactive compounds, more compiled information and synopses are needed to better understand metabolic pathways and improve biotransformation efficiencies.Purpose: This report reviews the biochemical transformation of phenolic natural products by plant cell cultures in order to identify potential novel biotechnological approaches for ensuring more homogeneous and stable phenolic production year-round under controlled environmental conditions.Methods: Articles on the use of plant cell culture for polyphenolic and flavonoid transformations (1988 - 2021) were retrieved from SciFinder, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science through electronic and manual search in English. Following that, the authors chose the required papers based on the criteria they defined. The following keywords were used for the online search: biotransformation, Plant cell cultures, flavonoids, phenolics, and pharmaceutical products.Results: The initial search found a total of 96 articles. However, only 70 of them were selected as they met the inclusion criteria defined by the authors. The analysis of these studies revealed that plant tissue culture is applicable for the large-scale production of plant secondary metabolites including the phenolics, which have high therapeutic value.Conclusion: Plant tissue cultures could be employed as an efficient technique for producing secondary metabolites including phenolics. Phenolics possess a wide range of therapeutic benefits, as anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and antiinflammatory properties. Callus culture, suspension cultures, transformation, and other procedures have been used to improve the synthesis of phenolics. Their production on a large scale is now achievable. More breakthroughs will lead to newer insights and, without a doubt, to a new era of phenolics-based pharmacological agents for the treatment of a variety of infectious and degenerative disorders.
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| 20. |
- Osathanunkul, Maslin, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of DNA barcoding coupled high resolution melting for discrimination of closely related species in phytopharmaceuticals
- 2016
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0944-7113 .- 1618-095X. ; 23:2, s. 156-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Phytopharmaceuticals are increasingly popular as alternative medicines, but poorly regulated in many countries. The manufacturers of these products should be subject to strict controls regarding each product's quality and constituents. Routine testing and identification of raw materials should be performed to ensure that the raw materials used in pharmaceutical products are suitable for their intended use. Hypothesis/purpose: We have applied DNA Barcoding High Resolution Melting (Bar-HRM), an emerging method for identifying of medicinal plant species based on DNA dissociation kinetics and DNA barcoding, for the authentication of medicinal plant species. Study design: Commonly commercialized Thai medicinal plants that are widely used for medicinal purposes were used in this study. Publicly available sequences of four plastid markers were used for universal primer design. Species discrimination efficiency of the designed primers was evaluated as single and multi-locus analyses by using the primers sets. Methods: HRM analysis was performed in triplicate on each of the 26 taxa to establish the T-m for each primer set (matK, rbcLA, rbcLB, rbcLC, rpoC1, and trnL). The shapes of the melting curves were analyzed to distinguish the different plant species. Bar-HRM species identification success rates were assessed for each single-locus as well as for multi-locus combinations to establish the optimal combination of primer sets. Results: In single locus analysis the rpoC1 primer set gave the highest discrimination (53%), and in multi locus analysis this could be increased from 87% to 99% depending on the total number of regions included. Different combinations proved to be more or less effective at discrimination, depending on the genus or family examined. Conclusions: Bar-HRM has proven to be a cost-effective and reliable method for the identification of species in this study of Thai medicinal plants, and results show an identification success rate of 99% among species in the test set.
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| 21. |
- Pero, Ronald, et al.
(författare)
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Formulation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of combining DNA repair and immune enhancing nutritional supplements
- 2005
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0944-7113. ; 12:4, s. 255-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combining nutritional supplements to achieve synergistic benefit is a common practice in the nutraceutical industry. However, establishing. added health benefit from a combination of natural ingredients is often assumed, untested and without regard to the principle of metabolic competition between the active components. Here, we report on the combination of a cat's claw water extract (C-Med-100, carboxy alkyl esters = active ingredients) + medicinal mushroom extracts (Cordyceps sinensis, Grifola blazei, Grifola frondosa, Trametes versicolor and Ganoderma lucidum, polysaccharides = active ingredients) + nicotinamide + zinc into a formulation designed to optimize different modes of immunostimulatory action, and yet that would avoid metabolic antioxidant competition yielding less than expected efficacious effects. Isobole curve analyses of these two active classes of ingredients determined by growth inhibition of HL-60 human leukemic cells in vitro confirmed they were indeed synergistic when in combination, and not metabolically competitive. Furthermore, an in vivo study showed significant health benefit for 14 subjects treated for 4 weeks with the unique C-Med-100/mushroom extract formulation in that they had reduced pain, reduced fatigue, weight loss and a reduced presence of DNA damage in peripheral blood assessed by (8-OH) guanine DNA ad, ducts and elevation in serum protein thiols. Because this broad-based panel of clinical parameters indicating clinical efficacy has never been demonstrated before for either of the active ingredients evaluated alone in humans, these data were taken as strong evidence that the combination of C-Med-100 + mushroom extracts + nicotinamide + zinc gave additive or synergistic effects to health benefit, and thus supported no efficacious limits from metabolic competition regarding this particular formulation.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Silver, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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C-Med 100, a hot water extract of Uncaria tomentosa, prolongs lymphocyte survival in vivo.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0944-7113. ; 10:1, s. 23-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water extracts of the bark of Uncaria tomentosa, a vine indigenous to South America, has been used for generations as an "immuno modulator". To understand the basis of this immuno modulatory effect we fed mice in their drinking water with C-Med 100, which is a commercially available water extract from Uncaria tomentosa. We found a dose-dependent increase in spleen cell numbers in the supplemented mice, but the proportions of B cells, T cells, NK cells, granulocytes, and memory lymphocytes were normal. However, there were no detectable changes of the lymphoid architecture of the spleen even after long-term treatment. Further, when C-Med 100 treatment was interrupted the cellularity returned to normal level within four weeks. The increased number of lymphocytes was most likely not due to increased production because C-Med 100 did not have any significant effect on precursor cells nor on the accumulation of recent thymic emigrants in the spleen. We conclude that accumulation is most likely due to prolonged cell survival, because adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that C-Med 100 treatment significantly prolonged lymphocyte survival in peripheral lymphoid organs, without increasing their proliferation rate. Since the accumulation was reversible and without detectable pathological effects, these results suggest the use of C-Med 100 as a potential agent for clinically accelerating the recovery of patients from leukopenia.
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| 24. |
- Svensson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Sesquiterpene lactones from Ambrosia arborescens Mill. inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and modulate NF-κB signaling in human skin cells
- 2018
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0944-7113. ; 50, s. 118-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Ambrosia arborescens has been used in Andean traditional medicine to reduce problems associated with various inflammatory diseases and conditions, although the underlying mechanism is unknown. Hypothesis/purpose: The sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) coronopilin and damsin, which are major secondary metabolites of A. arborescens, have anti-inflammatory activity by attenuation of IL-6 and MCP-1 expression and inhibition of NF-κB in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) and human keratinocytes (HaCaT). Study design: In order to confirm a high concentration of damsin and coronopilin in the plant material, a quantitative method was developed. The effect of the pure compounds on cytokine and NF-κB expression was examined, as well as their effects on HDFa and HaCaT cell morphology and viability. Methods: Coronopilin and damsin were quantified by HPLC-DAD analysis, from EtOAc extracts of the aerial parts of A. arborescens. Cell morphology was investigated by phase-contrast microscopy and cell viability by the MTT assay. IL-6 and MCP-1 cytokine gene expression was assessed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR in LPS stimulated cells. The NF-κB pathway was studied through western blotting of the phosphorylated forms of p65 and p50/p105, as well as the non-phosphorylated IκB. Dexamethasone was used as positive control. Results: Dry aerial parts contained 12.3 mg/g and 13.4 mg/g of coronopilin and damsin, respectively. Treatment with either compound (1–10 µM) for 24 h attenuated LPS-induced mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and the chemokine MCP-1 in HDFa cells. The down-regulation of MCP-1 mRNA induced by coronopilin and damsin was confirmed on the protein level. Damsin reduced phosphorylated p65 and p105 subunits in HDFa cells. Neither coronopilin nor damsin affected HDFa cell morphology and viability within the used concentration range (1–10 µM). Also, in HaCaT cells, treatment with damsin (1–10 µM) for 24 h inhibited the MCP-1 expression, and damsin thereby attenuated cytokine expression both in HDFa and HaCaT cells. Conclusion: We show that coronopilin and damsin from A. arborescens inhibit pro-inflammatory IL-6 and MCP-1 expression in human skin cells via NF-κB inhibition, suggesting that they may be useful for antagonizing inflammatory conditions of the human skin.
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- Yao, Xingang, et al.
(författare)
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Tatanan A from the Acorus calamus L. root inhibited dengue virus proliferation and infections
- 2018
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine. - München : Elsevier. - 0944-7113 .- 1618-095X. ; 42, s. 258-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Acorus calamus l. (Acoraceae) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal plant, whose root are historically mainly used to treat neurodegenerative diseases, and for cholera treatment. This datum strongly indicates the antimicrobial activity of A. calamus.PURPOSE: Our goal is to find the active constituents of A. calamus to treat dengue virus (DENV) infections, and to study the effects and mechanisms of these active substances.METHODS: The root of A. calamus was extracted by ethanol. Mosquito larva C6/36 cells were used for DENV2 replication and transfection host. Mouse kidney fibroblast cells (BHK-21) were used as a host cell to study the infection ability of the virus. DENV2-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) and plaque assay were used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of A. calamus extracts on DENV2 infectivity inhibition. The levels of E and NS1 protein expression were measured by real-time PCR and western blot assays.RESULTS: 12 compounds were isolated from ethanol extract of A. calamus root, tatanan A showed the best anti-DENV ability among these 12 compounds, which significantly alleviated DENV2-induced CPE and cytotoxicity effects, with an EC50 of 3.9 µM. In addition, RNA replication assay further confirmed the antivirus ability of tatanan A. Time-addition assay showed that tatanan A affected the early stage of viral RNA replication, which in turn inhibited mRNA and protein levels of DENV2.CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated the anti-DENV2 effect of tatanan A, in inhibiting DENV2 RNA replication and infections. In summary, tatanan A was found to be a novel natural DENV inhibitor and a potential candidate for the treatment of DENV infectious disease.
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- Öberg, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Herbal melanin activates TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway
- 2009
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0944-7113 .- 1618-095X. ; 16:5, s. 477-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Expression of many pro-inflammatory cytokines is controlled by the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. NF-kappaB is induced by LPS through activation of TLR4. Melanins extracted from fungal, plant and human sources modulate cytokine production and activate NF-kappaB pathway. We showed that a herbal melanin (HM) from Nigella sativa L. modulates cytokine production and suggested it as a ligand for TLR4. In this study we investigated the possibility that the HM-induced cytokine production is via an NF-kappaB signaling pathway. We found that HM induced the degradation of IkappaBalpha, a key step in the activation of NF-kappaB. Moreover, addition of IkappaB kinase (IKK) specific inhibitors effectively inhibited the observed HM-induced production of IL-8 and IL-6 by TLR4-transfected HEK293 cells and THP-1 cells. Our results have also shown that HM induced cleavage of caspase 8, and that this cleavage was partially abrogated by IKK inhibitors. We suggest that HM can modulate the inflammatory response by inducing IL-8 and IL-6 production via TLR4-dependent activation of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway.
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