| 1. |
- Boisvert, Isabelle, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term monaural auditory deprivation and bilateral cochlear implants
- 2012
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 23:3, s. 195-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-term binaural auditory deprivation is associated with poorer speech recognition outcomes after cochlear implantation, even for postlingual hearing loss. It is, however, unknown to what extent the outcomes of implantation are related to the peripheral changes occurring monaurally or to changes at a higher level in the auditory system related to binaural deafness. This retrospective study aimed to unravel peripheral and central contributions to cochlear implantation outcomes by comparing outcomes obtained in individual ears for adults with long-term monaural auditory deprivation (i.e. unilateral use of hearing aid) who received bilateral cochlear implants. Results showed that similar outcomes can be obtained with the implant placed in the auditory-deprived or in the aided ear. This suggests that the peripheral changes related to monaural auditory deprivation have little effect on outcomes of cochlear implantation. NeuroReport 23: 195-199
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| 2. |
- Bomberg, Eric M, et al.
(författare)
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Central ghrelin induces feeding driven by energy needs not by reward
- 2007
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 18:6, s. 591-595
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Centrally administered ghrelin, the endogenous agonist of the growth hormone secretegogue receptor, powerfully stimulates food intake. Although the orexigenic action of this peptide has been well established, it remains unclear whether ghrelin-induced hyperphagia is driven by energy needs or by reward. In our study ghrelin was injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle or the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of rats given a choice between a palatable yet calorie-dilute sucrose solution and a calorically dense chow. As a result of intraventricular and hypothalamic paraventricular ghrelin injections, animals increased intake of chow but not sucrose. When the sucrose solution was offered as the only source of calories, rats treated with ghrelin infused in the ventricle and site-specifically increased sucrose consumption. These results suggest that the primary effect of ghrelin is to stimulate food intake to satisfy energy needs.
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| 3. |
- Brännvall, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Central nervous system stem/progenitor cells form neurons and peripheral glia after transplantation to the dorsal root ganglion.
- 2006
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 17:6, s. 623-628
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We asked whether neural stem/progenitor cells from the cerebral cortex of E14.5 enhanced green fluorescent protein transgenic mice are able to survive grafting and differentiate in the adult rat dorsal root ganglion. Neurospheres were placed in lumbar dorsal root ganglion cavities after removal of the dorsal root ganglia. Alternatively, dissociated neurospheres were injected into intact dorsal root ganglia. Enhanced green fluorescent protein-positive cells in the dorsal root ganglion cavity were located in clusters and expressed beta-III-tubulin or glial fibrillary acidic protein after 1 month, whereas after 3 months, surviving grafted cells expressed only glial fibrillary acidic protein. In the intact adult DRG, transplanted neural stem/progenitor cells surrounded dorsal root ganglion cells and fibers, and expressed glial but not neuronal markers. These findings show that central nervous system stem/progenitor cells can survive and differentiate into neurons and peripheral glia after xenotransplantation to the adult dorsal root ganglion.
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| 4. |
- Brännvall, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental cues from CNS, PNS, and ENS cells regulate CNS progenitor differentiation
- 2008
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 19:13, s. 1283-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellular origin and environmental cues regulate stem cell fate determination. Neuroepithelial stem cells form the central nervous system (CNS), whereas neural crest stem cells generate the peripheral (PNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS). CNS neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) fate determination was investigated in combination with dissociated cultures or conditioned media from CNS, PNS, or ENS. Cells or media from ENS or PNS cultures efficiently promoted NSPC differentiation into neurons, glia, and smooth muscle cells with a similar morphology as the feeder culture. Together with CNS cells or its conditioned medium, NSPC differentiation was partly inhibited and cells remained immature. Here, we demonstrate that secreted factors from the environment can influence CNS progenitor cells to choose a PNS-like cell fate.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Duan, Maoli, et al.
(författare)
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Imaging of the guinea pig cochlea following round window gadolinium application
- 2004
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 15:12, s. 1927-1930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precise, non-invasive determination of the aetiology and site of pathology of inner ear disorders is difficult. The aim of this study was to describe an alternative method for inner ear visualization, based on local application of the paramagnetic contrast agent gadolinium. Using a 4.7 T MRI scanner, high contrast images of all four cochlear turns were obtained 3.5 h after placing gadolinium on the round window membrane. Gadolinium cleared from the cochlea within 96 h. Auditory brainstem response measurements performed on a separate group of animals showed no significant threshold shifts after the application, indicating that gadolinium is non-toxic to the guinea pig cochlea.
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| 7. |
- Ekman, A., et al.
(författare)
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Neuromuscular block and the electroencephalogram during sevoflurane anaesthesia
- 2007
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 18:17, s. 1817-1820
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of neuromuscular block on the anaesthetic depth of hypnosis is an elusive question. We simultaneously investigated the influence of neuromuscular block on the bispectral index, a measure of hypnosis during general anaesthesia, and on the electroencephalogram. Patients were anaesthetized with sevoflurane. Noxious tetanic electrical stimulation was applied on two occasions: before and after profound neuromuscular block achieved with rocuronium. Neuromuscular block significantly attenuated the effect from noxious stimulation on electroencephalogram power and synchrony in the γ band (P<0.05), and the corresponding effect on bispectral index (P<0.02). These findings are probably due to the reduced arousing afferent input from paralysed muscles, and not to changes in the frontal electromyogram.
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| 8. |
- Englund, Ulrica, et al.
(författare)
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The use of a recombinant lentiviral vector for ex vivo gene transfer into the rat CNS
- 2000
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 11:18, s. 3973-3977
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major obstacle in ex vivo gene transfer has been the loss of transgene expression soon after implantation of the grafted transduced cells. Recently, a lentiviral vector system has been developed which has proven to express high levels of transgenes in vivo after direct injection into the tissue. In this study, we have investigated the use of such a vector for ex vivo gene transfer to the brain. A number of neural cell types were found to be permissive to transduction by the lentiviral vector in vitro and a majority of them expressed the transgene after transplantation to the rat brain. Transgene expression was detected up to 8 weeks post-grafting. These findings suggest that recombinant lentiviral vectors may be used for further development of ex vivo gene therapy protocols to the CNS.
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| 9. |
- Evstigneeva, Maria D., et al.
(författare)
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Muscle contraction force and fatigue : Effects on mismatch negativity
- 2010
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 21:18, s. 1152-1156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Muscle load can affect performance of concurrent cognitive task. This effect is often explained by limited resources in the voluntary attention system. To examine whether earlier stages of cognitive information processing might be affected, we recorded the Mismatch Negativity component (MMN) of the auditory event-related brain potential before, during and after sustained handgrip at 7% and 30% of maximal voluntary contraction. MMN is an index of automatic detection of a deviating auditory event. MMN was not affected by force level. However, its amplitude at fronto-central sites decreased during the fatiguing 30% contraction, while it tended to increase during the light 7% work. Thus, muscle fatigue may affect auditory information processing at preattentive and preconscious stages, which could modify cognitive performance
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| 10. |
- Fridberger, Anders, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Local mechanical stimulation of the hearing organ by laser irradiation
- 2006
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 17:1, s. 33-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Light produces force when interacting with matter. Such radiation pressure may be used to accelerate small objects along the beam path of a laser. Here, we demonstrate that a moderately powerful laser can deliver enough force to locally stimulate the hearing organ, in the absence of conventional sound. Damped mechanical oscillations are observed following brief laser pulses, implying that the organ of Corti is locally resonant. This new method will be helpful for probing the mechanical properties of the hearing organ, which have crucial importance for the ear's ability to detect sound.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Hameed, Mustafa Q, et al.
(författare)
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A rapid lateral fluid percussion injury rodent model of traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic epilepsy
- 2014
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 25:7, s. 532-536
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of acquired epilepsy. Initially described in 1989, lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI) has since become the most extensively used and well-characterized rodent traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic epilepsy model. Universal findings, particularly seizures that reliably develop after an initial latent period, are evident across studies from multiple laboratories. However, the LFPI procedure is a two-stage process, requiring initial surgical attachment of a skull fluid cannula and then reanesthesia for delivery of the epidural fluid pressure wave. We now describe a modification of the original technique, termed 'rapid lateral fluid percussion injury' (rLFPI), which allows for a one-stage procedure and thus shorter operating time and reduced anesthesia exposure. Anesthetized male Long-Evans rats were subjected to rLFPI through a length of plastic tubing fitted with a pipette tip cannula with a 4-mm aperture. The cannula opening was positioned over a craniectomy of slightly smaller diameter and exposed dura such that the edges of the cannula fit tightly when pressed to the skull with a micromanipulator. Fluid percussion was then delivered immediately thereafter, in the same surgery session. rLFPI resulted in nonlethal focal cortical injury in all animals. We previously demonstrated that the rLFPI procedure resulted in post-traumatic seizures and regional gliosis, but had not examined other histopathologic elements. Now, we show apoptotic cell death confined to the perilesional cortex and chronic pathologic changes such as ipsilesional ventriculomegaly that are seen in the classic model. We conclude that the rLFPI method is a viable alternative to classic LFPI, and - being a one-stage procedure - has the advantage of shorter experiment turnaround and reduced exposure to anesthetics.
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| 13. |
- Holmberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Phobic postural vertigo: body sway during vibratory proprioceptive stimulation
- 2003
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1473-558X .- 0959-4965. ; 14:7, s. 1007-1011
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phobic postural vertigo patients might rely more on proprioceptive than visual cues to regulate stance. We tested 14 phobic postural vertigo patients and 24 healthy subjects with posturography during quiet stance and periods of vibratory proprioceptive calf muscle stimulation, both with eyes open and closed. During quiet stance phobic postural vertigo patients showed higher torque variance than healthy subjects, especially above 0.1 Hz. Vibratory proprioceptive stimulation increased the differences between healthy subjects and phobic postural vertigo patients. The patients were less able to use vision to counteract vibration-induced movements. Phobic postural vertigo patients are more sensitive to proprioceptive disturbances than healthy subjects are, and less apt to use visual information to control upright stance. This might be part of an anxious mode of balance control.
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| 14. |
- Jaderstad, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Hypoxic preconditioning increases gap-junctional graft and host communication
- 2010
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 21:17, s. 1126-1132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gap-junctional intercellular communication between grafted neural stem cells (NSCs) and host cells seems to be essential for many of the functional and beneficial interactions after NSC engraftment. Gap-junctional communication is also known to increase in the central nervous system after hypoxia and ischemia. We therefore hypothesized that controlled hypoxic preconditioning of murine NSCs (C17.2) before the engraftment is a reliable method to increase connexin 43 expression and improve subsequent graft and host communication. Data indicated that 3-h exposure to hypoxia increased the number of connexin 43 aggregates in treated NSCs by 31%. This was paralleled by enhanced hemichannel function showed by faster calcein dye efflux and an augmentation of the early functional graft and host communication.
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| 15. |
- Jiang, Chonghe, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Cooling of the urinary bladder activates neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
- 2004
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 15:2, s. 351-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although visceral innocuous cold receptors have been documented, the central termination of their afferents is unknown. We used menthol solution (0. 6 m M) to obtain selective activation of cold receptors in the urinary bladder of rats. Innocuous cold stimulation induced Fos expression in a population of neurons in the superficial dorsal horn of L6-SI segments of the spinal cord. Neurons in other regions of the spinal cord, e.g. the lumbar parasympathetic nucleus or the dorsal commissure region, were activated to a similar degree by menthol and control infusions, indicating a response to bladder filling. Our results are consistent with the proposal that subsets of modality-specific dorsal horn neurons convey specific information regarding the exteroceptive and interoceptive state of the animal. © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Johansson, Ann-Sofi, et al.
(författare)
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Attenuated amyloid-β aggregation and neurotoxicity owing to methionine oxidation
- 2007
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 18:6, s. 559-563
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aggregation of the amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide into amyloid plaques is a characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease neuropathogenesis. We and others have previously demonstrated delayed Abeta aggregation as a consequence of oxidizing a single methionine residue at position 35 (Met-35). Here, we examined the consequences of Met-35 oxidation on the extremely aggregation-prone peptides Abeta1-42 and Abeta1-40Arctic with respect to protofibril and oligomer formation as well as neurotoxicity. Size exclusion chromatography and mass spectrometry demonstrated that monomer/dimers prevailed over larger oligomers after oxidizing Met-35, and consequently protofibril formation and aggregation of both Abeta1-42 and Abeta1-40Arctic were delayed. The oxidized peptides completely lacked neurotoxic effects in cortical neuronal cultures under these conditions, in contrast to the neurotoxic properties of the unoxidized peptides. We conclude that oxidation of Met-35 significantly attenuates aggregation of Abeta1-42 and Abeta1-40Arctic, and thereby reduces neurotoxicity.
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| 18. |
- Koivisto, Mika, et al.
(författare)
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Electrophysiological correlates of visual consciousness and selective attention
- 2007
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 18:8, s. 753-756
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is not clear whether attention is necessary or not for consciousness. We studied the relationship between attention and consciousness by tracking their electrophysiological correlates. The participants attended to visual targets, ignored nontargets in the prespecified visual field and ignored all stimuli in the opposite field. Visual consciousness was varied by masking. Our results showed that the earliest electrophysiological correlate of consciousness emerged independent of the manipulations of spatial and nonspatial attention. Conversely, the electrophysiological correlate of attention, selection negativity, was elicited regardless of the presence or absence of consciousness. Only the correlates of later, higher-level conscious processes strongly depended on attention. Thus, the electrophysiological brain responses reflecting visual consciousness and attention are initially independent of each other.
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| 19. |
- Kokaia, Z, et al.
(författare)
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BDNF makes cultured dentate granule cells more resistant to hypoglycaemic damage
- 1994
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 5:10, s. 4-1241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can improve neuronal survival in cell cultures of rat dentate gyrus subjected to a hypoglycaemic insult. Glucose deprivation for 15 h caused severe neuronal loss (about 70%). BDNF added either 24 h before or 4 h after onset of hypoglycaemia completely protected granule cells against this insult-induced damage. Nerve growth factor (NGF) had similar effects. These findings support the hypothesis that the rapid upregulation of BDNF mRNA in dentate granule cells after brief periods of hypoglycaemic coma and other insults is a local protective mechanism.
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| 20. |
- Kokaia, Zaal, et al.
(författare)
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Co-expression of TrkB and TrkC receptors in CNS neurones suggests regulation by multiple neurotrophins
- 1995
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1473-558X .- 0959-4965. ; 6:5, s. 769-772
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using double-label in situ hybridization, we have explored the possibility that individual CNS neurones can co-express mRNAs for the high-affinity receptors of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3, TrkB and TrkC, respectively. The vast majority of TrkC mRNA-containing neurones in the hippocampal formation and cerebral cortex were also labelled for TrkB mRNA. Cells expressing only TrkB or TrkC mRNA were very scarce in these regions, representing < 15% of all labelled cells. These findings suggest that the same cortical or hippocampal neurone can be regulated by several members of the neurotrophin family, which may be important both during development and in response to physiological activity and pathological conditions.
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| 21. |
- Kozlova, Elena N., 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Differentiation and migration of neural crest stem cells are stimulated by pancreatic islets
- 2009
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 20:9, s. 833-838
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) migrate during embryonic development towards the endoderm-derived pancreas and the interaction between NCSCs and beta-cellprogenitors is crucial for their mutual differentiation. In diabetes, loss ofbeta-cells or impaired beta-cell function is accompanied by nerve degeneration,which contributes to the progression of the disease. Here we show that adultpancreatic islets markedly promote differentiation of NCSCs towards neuronalphenotype in vitro and in vivo after transplantation and increase their migrationtowards islets. These findings indicate that pancreatic islets can be used topromote differentiation of NCSCs towards neuronal phenotype and that thisin-vitro system may help elucidate interactions between NCSCs and healthy ordiseased beta-cells.
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| 22. |
- Kruusmagi, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Intracellular dynamics of calcyon, a neuron-specific vesicular protein
- 2007
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 18:15, s. 1547-1551
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Calcyon is a brain-specific protein, implicated in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In this descriptive study we show that calcyon is exclusively expressed in neurons, and localized in moving vesicles. The movement of calcyon-containing vesicles was dependent on temperature and on intact microtubules, in addition these vesicles were colocalized with a marker for endocytosed plasma membrane proteins, suggesting that calcyon vesicles follow the endocytic recycling pathway. We also show using evanescent wave microscopy that there is a pool of ready releasable calcyon vesiclesaccumulated beneath the plasma membrane. We conclude that the mobility and storage properties of calcyon-containing vesicles imply that they play a role in brain plasticity.
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| 23. |
- Lind, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Parietal cortex activation predicts memory decline in apolipoprotein E-epsilon 4 carriers
- 2006
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - Oxford : Rapid Communications of Oxford. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 17:16, s. 1683-1686
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Apolipoprotein E-[varepsilon]4 is the main known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Functional abnormalities in the parietal cortex have been reported for Alzheimer's disease patients and also for those at risk. Hence, a critical question is whether measurements of parietal cortex integrity may predict negative outcome among at-risk persons. We studied nondementedapolipoprotein E-[varepsilon]4 carriers and found a significant relationship between parietal blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging response during a word categorization task and subsequent episodic memory performance. Thus, the results show that parietal cortex alterations predict memory decline in nondemented apolipoprotein E-[varepsilon]4 carriers, and hence likely progression to Alzheimer's disease.
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| 24. |
- Löf-Ohlin, Zarah M., et al.
(författare)
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Relative telomere length in patients with late-onset Alzheimer's dementia or vascular dementia
- 2008
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - London : Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 19:12, s. 1199-1202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Telomeres generally shorten with age. An accelerated shortening of the telomeres has been linked to several age-related disorders. We hypothesized that the relative length of telomeres could discriminate between patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). A quantitative real-time PCR method was used to calculate the relative telomere length in 76 age-matched and sex-matched, newly diagnosed late-onset AD or VaD patients recruited from our Memory Unit. No significant difference was found in the relative telomere length between AD and VaD cases neither in men (P=0.315) nor women (P=0.12). Thus, we could not confirm that the length of telomeres would predict which form of dementia, late-onset AD or VaD that develops.
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| 25. |
- Marklund, Ellen, et al.
(författare)
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Mismatch negativity at Fz in response to within-category changes of the vowel /i
- 2014
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 25:10, s. 756-759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The amplitude of the mismatch negativity response for acoustic within-category deviations in speech stimuli was investigated by presenting participants with different exemplars of the vowel /i/ in an odd-ball paradigm. The deviants differed from the standard either in terms of fundamental frequency, the first formant, or the second formant. Changes in fundamental frequency are generally more salient than changes in the first formant, which in turn are more salient than changes in the second formant. The mismatch negativity response was expected to reflect this with greater amplitude for more salient deviations. The fundamental frequency deviants did indeed result in greater amplitude than both first formant deviants and second formant deviants, but no difference was found between the first formant deviants and the second formant deviants. It is concluded that greater difference between standard and within-category deviants across different acoustic dimensions results in greater mismatch negativity amplitude, suggesting that the processing of linguistically irrelevant changes in speech sounds may be processed similar to nonspeech sound changes.
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| 26. |
- Okonkwo, David O., et al.
(författare)
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Cyclosporin A limits calcium-induced axonal damage following traumatic brain injury
- 1999
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 10:2, s. 353-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In traumatic axonal injury, Ca2+ influx across a focally damaged axolemma precipitates local mitochondrial failure, degradation of the subaxolemmal spectrin network and compaction of neurofilaments, which collectively contribute to axonal failure. In previous studies, cyclosporin A pretreatment preserved mitochondrial integrity and attenuated axonal failure following trauma. Here we investigate whether this CsA-linked protection was related to the concomitant blunting of intra-axonal, Ca2+-induced cytoskeletal changes in traumatic axonal injury, assessed with antibodies targeting spectrin proteolysis and neurofilament compaction. CsA pretreatment dramatically reduced Ca2+-induced cytoskeletal damage following injury; CsA-treated rats, compared with vehicle-treated rats, displayed a 70% decrease in immunoreactive/damaged profiles. We suggest that CsA-mediated preservation of mitochondrial integrity enables the restoration of ionic and metabolic homeostasis thereby short-circuiting Ca2+-induced proteolysis in injured axons.
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| 27. |
- Olszewski, Pawel K, et al.
(författare)
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Intraventricular ghrelin activates oxytocin neurons : implications in feeding behavior
- 2007
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 18:5, s. 499-503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ghrelin affects behavioral and physiological responses, such as feeding or the activity of the HPA axis. Distribution of its receptor in central sites involved in neuroendocrine control, including the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, indicates that interplay with multiple neuropeptidergic systems underlies ghrelin's actions. We report that intracerebroventricular ghrelin increases c-Fos immunoreactivity of oxytocin neurons in magno and parvocellular portions of the paraventricular nucleus. The orexigenic response to ghrelin administered at the dose that activates oxytocin neurons can be further elevated by pretreatment with a selective oxytocin receptor antagonist. Our data suggest that oxytocin may be responsible for the mediation of some effects induced by ghrelin. Modifications in the activity of the oxytocin system may alter some of these effects.
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| 28. |
- Paues, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Feeding-related immune responsive brain stem neurons : association with CGRP
- 2001
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Ingår i: Neuroreport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 12:11, s. 2399-2403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using dual-labeling in situ hybridization histochemistry, the neurotransmitter expression of immune-responsive neurons in the pontine parabrachial nucleus, a major relay for interoceptive information, was investigated. Intravenous injection of bacterial wall lipopolysaccharide resulted in dense c-fos mRNA expression in the external lateral parabrachial nucleus, and a majority of the c-fos expressing cells also expressed calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) mRNA. In contrast CGRP-posi- tive cells in the adjoining external medial subnucleus were c-fos negative. Taken together with previous hodological and behavioral studies, these data suggest that CGRPergic parabrachial neurons may mediate lipopolysaccharide-induced anorexia by means of their projection to central nucleus of the amygdala.
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| 29. |
- Rinken, A, et al.
(författare)
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Serotonergic agonists behave as partial agonists at the dopamine D2 receptor
- 1999
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1473-558X .- 0959-4965. ; 10:3, s. 493-495
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RAT dopamine D2short receptors expressed in CHO cells were characterized by activation of [35S]GTPgammaS binding. There were no significant differences between the maximal effects seen in activation of [35S]GTPgammaS binding caused by dopaminergic agonists, but the effects of 5-HT, 8OH-DPAT and 5-methoxytryptamine amounted to 47 +/- 7%, 43 +/- 5% and 70 +/- 7% of the dopamine effect, respectively. The dopaminergic antagonist (+)butaclamol inhibited activations of both types of ligands with equal potency (pA2 = 8.9 +/- 0.1), indicating that only one type of receptor is involved. In competition with [3H]raclopride binding, dopaminergic agonists showed 53 +/- 2% of the binding sites in the GTP-dependent high-affinity state, whereas 5-HT showed only 20 +/- 3%. Taken together, the results indicate that serotonergic agonists behave as typical partial agonists for D2 receptors with potential antiparkinsonian activity.
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| 30. |
- Rundgren, M, et al.
(författare)
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Intracerebroventricular infusion of glycine stimulates vasopressin release in conscious sheep.
- 1993
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 4:8, s. 1052-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously observed that elevation of the plasma glycine concentration stimulates vasopressin (AVP) release in man and sheep. In the present study we show that this effect of glycine can be elicited directly via a cerebral site of action in conscious sheep. Intracerebroventricular infusions of 0.05 and 0.15 M glycine solutions increased the plasma AVP concentration by 6 and 50 times, respectively, while no effect on water intake was observed. Hyperhydration did not block the stimulation of AVP release. No behavioural side effects, or changes in blood pressure, were observed in response to the infusions.
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| 31. |
- Sand, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Processing of unattended, simple negative pictures resists perceptual load
- 2011
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 22:7, s. 348-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As researchers debate whether emotional pictures can be processed irrespective of spatial attention and perceptual load, negative and neutral pictures of simple figure-ground composition were shown at fixation and were surrounded by one, two, or three letters. When participants performed a picture discrimination task, there was evidence for motivated attention; that is, an early posterior negativity (EPN) and late positive potential (LPP) to negative versus neutral pictures. When participants performed a letter discrimination task, the EPN was unaffected whereas the LPP was reduced. Although performance decreased substantially with the number of letters (one to three), the LPP did not decrease further. Therefore, attention to simple, negative pictures at fixation seems to resist manipulations of perceptual load.
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| 32. |
- Seppanen, Allan, et al.
(författare)
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Neuronal collagen XVII is localized to lipofuscin granules
- 2010
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 21:17, s. 1090-1094
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have earlier shown that collagen XVII is expressed by neurons in the human brain, although its exact intracellular location and function have remained unknown. In this study we have localized collagen XVII specifically to neuronal lipofuscin granules using electron microscopy in autopsy samples from the human brainstem. Our results show that collagen XVII expression is mainly confined to an ultrastructurally definable, specific type of lipofuscin granule. The function of neuronal collagen XVII remains unclear. However, as the functional significance of lipofuscin remains debated, the presence of collagen XVII in just some types of lipofuscin may be helpful in the process of exploring the variety of neuronal, age-related lipopigments, which are as yet defined operationally rather than functionally or structurally.
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| 33. |
- Skogh, C, et al.
(författare)
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Homotopic glial regulation of striatal projection neuron differentiation
- 2003
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1473-558X .- 0959-4965. ; 14:7, s. 1037-1040
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied the differentiation of striatal projection neurons in co-culture with expanded glia from different regions of the embryonic mouse telencephalon. Our results show that when striatal progenitors are cultured on glia derived from the same region as they originate (i.e. the lateral ganglionic eminence), the neurons formed exhibit long processes. This is not the case when the cells are co-cultured with glia derived from the adjacent telencephalic region, the medial ganglionic eminence. Moreover, expression of the striatal projection neuron marker, dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP-32) was significantly enhanced in neurons cultured on the homotopic glia. Thus, glial cultures derived from the lateral ganglionic eminence positively regulate the differentiation of striatal projection neurons in vitro.
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| 34. |
- Takahashi, Kayo, et al.
(författare)
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Alteration in [11C]vorozole binding to aromatase in neuronal cells of rat brain induced by anabolic androgenic steroids and flutamide
- 2008
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 19:4, s. 431-435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a previous study, we demonstrated that androgenic-anabolic steroids increased aromatase expression in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis and preoptic area in rat brain, as evaluated using autoradiography with [11C]vorozole, a potential positron emission tomography tracer for aromatase. In this study, we explored whether the increase in aromatase binding is mediated via androgen receptors and whether this increase occurs in neurons or glial cells. Rats were given nandrolone decanoate (15 mg/kg body weight once every 3 days) and flutamide (20 mg/kg/day) alone or in combination for 20 days. Results indicated a significant increase of [11C]vorozole binding by nandrolone decanoate in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and preoptic area, as in our previous study. Flutamide treatment, on the other hand, decreased [11C]vorozole binding in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, preoptic area, and medial amygdala. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated that upregulation of aromatase expression occurred in neurons. Our findings suggest that aromatase is regulated through an androgen receptor-mediated system. This aromatase-specific tracer and the positron emission tomography technique could be useful for exploring the role of aromatase in anabolic androgenic steroids abusers.
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| 35. |
- Takahashi, Kayo, et al.
(författare)
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Increase in [11C]vorozole binding to aromatase in the hypothalamus in rats treated with anabolic androgenic steroids
- 2007
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 18:2, s. 171-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, we investigated the alteration of aromatase expression in the brain by anabolic androgenic steroid treatment in male rats. The rats were given nandrolone decanoate (15 mg/kg/day) for 14 days, and the brains were used for autoradiography with Cvorozole, which has been developed as a positron emission tomography tracer for aromatase by our group. The results indicated a significant increase of Cvorozole binding by anabolic androgenic steroids in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and preoptic area. In contrast, no significant change of Cvorozole binding was observed in the medial amygdala. Our results suggest that aromatase is significantly upregulated in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and preoptic area by anabolic androgenic steroids and also suggest that androgens regulate aromatase differently in these structures compared with the medial amygdala.
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| 36. |
- Takahashi, Kayo, et al.
(författare)
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Increase in hypothalamic aromatase in macaque monkeys treated with anabolic-androgenic steroids : PET study with [C-11]vorozole
- 2011
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 22:7, s. 326-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an earlier study in rodents, we showed that the aromatase that converts androgens to estrogens in the preoptic area and bed nucleus of stria terminalis was significantly increased in concentration after exposure to anabolic-androgenic steroids. To confirm whether this occurs in primates, we conducted a positron emission tomographic study using macaque monkeys. Male rhesus monkeys were treated with nandrolone decanoate for 3 weeks. To measure aromatase concentrations, we performed positron emission tomographic imaging using a C-11-labeled specific aromatase inhibitor, [C-11] vorozole. After treatment with nandrolone, significant increase in [C-11] vorozole binding was observed in the hypothalamus but not other areas including the amygdala, which is also aromatase enriched. These findings in monkeys are consistent with those we obtained earlier in rats. These findings strongly suggest that aromatase in the hypothalamus may play a crucial role in the emotional instability of anabolic-androgenic steroids abusers. NeuroReport 22:326-330 (C) 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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| 37. |
- Thordstein, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Sex differences in electrocortical activity in human neonates
- 2006
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Ingår i: Neuroreport. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 17:11, s. 1165-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cerebral cortical activity in healthy, full-term human neonates (10 boys and 10 girls) was evaluated using spectral estimation of electroencephalogram frequency content with new equipment and analysis technique allowing the assessment of the lowest frequencies (i.e. infraslow waves). The activity was analysed under quiet sleep and active wakefulness taking sex into consideration. During sleep, the mean amount of infraslow activity was 27% larger in boys, whereas during wakefulness the average amount of higher frequencies was 17% larger in girls. Both these differences indicate an earlier maturation of cortical function in girls than in boys.
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| 38. |
- Valenciano, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Biotin decreases retinal apoptosis and induces eye malformations in the early chick embryo
- 2002
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 13:3, s. 297-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proliferation, cell death and differentiation occur simultaneously in developing retina and are precisely orchestrated. We have studied the effects of biotin (vitamin H) on early retinal development. In vivo administration of biotin to early embryonic chick eyes at moderately elevated levels induced malformations, affecting retina and lens structures. The effects were strictly age dependent and were only found in embryos treated between Hamburger and Hamilton stage 14-17. Biocytin, a biotin analogue, mimicked biotin effects, while avidin could block the effects. At the cellular level, biotin did not affect proliferation but reduced apoptosis. These results suggest that an adequate content of biotin and a precise regulation of retinal cell death are required for the correct morphogenesis of the eye.
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| 39. |
- Van Landeghem, G F, et al.
(författare)
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Transferrin C2, metal binding and Alzheimer's disease.
- 1998
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 9:2, s. 177-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Significant associations between the transferrin (TF) variant C2 and a number of disorders suspected to be caused by oxygen free radicals have been reported. Thus an increased frequency of the TFC2 variant has been found in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and it has been hypothesized that AD is caused by free radical damage due to defective binding of iron and aluminium by TFC2. In a study of 64 patients with AD from northern Sweden we were able to confirm the association between TFC2 and AD, but there were no significant differences between TFC2 and other TF variants with respect to the binding of iron and aluminium.
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| 40. |
- Wiberg, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of apoptotic pathways in dorsal root ganglion neurons following peripheral nerve injury
- 2018
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; , s. 779-785
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peripheral nerve injuries induce significant sensory neuronal cell death in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG); however, the role of specific apoptotic pathways is still unclear. In this study, we performed peripheral nerve transection on adult rats, after which the corresponding DRGs were harvested at 7, 14, and 28 days after injury for subsequent molecular analyses with quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Nerve injury led to increased levels of caspase-3 mRNA and active caspase-3 protein in the DRG. Increased expression of caspase-8, caspase-12, caspase-7, and calpain suggested that both the extrinsic and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptotic pathways were activated. Phosphorylation of protein kinase R-like ER kinase further implied the involvement of ER-stress in the DRG. Phosphorylated protein kinase R-like ER kinase was most commonly associated with isolectin B4 (IB4)-positive neurons in the DRG and this may provide an explanation for the increased susceptibility of these neurons to die following nerve injury, likely in part because of an activation of the ER-stress response.
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| 41. |
- Wicher, Grzegorz, et al.
(författare)
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Extracellular clusterin promotes neuronal network complexity in vitro
- 2008
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 19:15, s. 1487-1491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clusterin (apolipoprotein J), a highly conserved amphiphatic glycoprotein and chaperone, has been implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. As a secreted protein, clusterin has been shown to act extracellularly where it is involved in lipid transportation and clearance of cellular debris. Intracellularly, clusterin may regulate signal transduction and is upregulated after cell stress. After neural injury, clusterin may be involved in nerve cell survival and postinjury neuroplasticity. In this study, we investigated the role of extracelullar clusterin on neuronal network complexity in vitro. Quantitative analysis of clustrin-treated neuronal cultures showed significantly higher network complexity. These findings suggest that in addition to previously demonstrated neuroprotective roles, clusterin may also be involved in neuronal process formation, elongation, and plasticity.
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| 42. |
- Wicher, Grzegorz, et al.
(författare)
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Megalin deficiency induces critical changes in early glial development in mouse spinal cord
- 2008
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 19:5, s. 559-563
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein, megalin, is a multifunctional lipoproptein receptor expressed by absorptive epithelia for endocytosis of numerous ligands. Megalin is widely expressed during embryonic life and is essential for development of the nervous system as evidenced by severe forebrain abnormalities in megalin (-/-). Here, we investigated the influence of megalin deficiency on prenatal spinal cord development in mice. In contrast to wild-type mice, cells expressing Olig2 and NG2, that is, oligodendroglial precursor cells, are absent from embryonic stage E16 in megalin (-/-) mice. At the end of prenatal development, there is a failure in vertebral development, and the number of astrocytes are markedly reduced in megalin (-/-) mice. These findings indicate that megalin is essential in astro-oligodendroglial interactions during development of the spinal cord.
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| 43. |
- Widerberg, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Tourniquet compression: a non-invasive method to enhance nerve regeneration in nerve grafts.
- 2002
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1473-558X .- 0959-4965. ; 13:4, s. 371-375
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One hindlimb of a rat was subjected to tourniquet compression (150, 200 and 300 mmHg; 2 h). After 6 days a 10 mm sciatic or tibial nerve graft from the compressed limb was sutured to bridge a 3-4 mm gap in the sciatic nerve of the non-compressed limb. The distances of regenerating sensory axons were measured 6 days post surgery (tibial grafts, 8 days). Compression at 200 and 300 mmHg led to significantly longer regeneration distances than those seen in controls. Incorporation of BrdU and expression of p75 receptor by non-neuronal cells (Schwann cells) in sciatic nerves 6 days after compression (150 and 300 mmHg; 2 h) was also increased as a sign of Schwann cell activation. Tourniquet compression may be used as a non-invasive method to enhance nerve regeneration in nerve grafts.
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| 44. |
- Zora, Hatice, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Neural correlates of lexical stress : mismatch negativity reflects fundamental frequency and intensity
- 2015
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 26:13, s. 791-796
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neural correlates of lexical stress were studied using the mismatch negativity (MMN) component in event-related potentials. The MMN responses were expected to reveal the encoding of stress information into long-term memory and the contributions of prosodic features such as fundamental frequency (F0) and intensity toward lexical access. In a passive oddball paradigm, neural responses to changes in F0, intensity, and in both features together were recorded for words and pseudowords. The findings showed significant differences not only between words and pseudowords but also between prosodic features. Early processing of prosodic information in words was indexed by an intensity-related MMN and an F0-related P200. These effects were stable at right-anterior and mid-anterior regions. At a later latency, MMN responses were recorded for both words and pseudowords at the mid-anterior and posterior regions. The P200 effect observed for F0 at the early latency for words developed into an MMN response. Intensity elicited smaller MMN for pseudowords than for words. Moreover, a larger brain area was recruited for the processing of words than for the processing of pseudowords. These findings suggest earlier and higher sensitivity to prosodic changes in words than in pseudowords, reflecting a language-related process. The present study, therefore, not only establishes neural correlates of lexical stress but also confirms the presence of long-term memory traces for prosodic information in the brain.
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| 45. |
- Zrinzo, Ludvic, et al.
(författare)
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The peripeduncular nucleus : a novel target for deep brain stimulation?
- 2007
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 18:12, s. 1301-2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pedunculopontine nucleus, a promising new target for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease, straddles the pontomesencephalic junction--unfamiliar territory to most functional neurosurgeons. This contribution reviews the anatomy of the pedunculopontine and peripeduncular nuclei. Given the reported findings of Mazzone et al. in NeuroReport, the authors postulate that the peripeduncular nucleus might be of previously unexpected clinical relevance.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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