| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Appelin, Katja, et al.
(författare)
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Occupations that People with Late Effects of Polio Perceive Difficult to Perform
- 2014
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 1557-0703 .- 0966-7903. ; 21:3, s. 98-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were to describe which occupations that people with late effects of polio perceive difficult to perform, which occupational area the occupations were related to and their level of complexity. The aims were also to describe their own perception of the importance, performance and satisfaction with these occupations. Sixty-two participants (mean age 61years) were assessed with the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. A total of 431 occupations were reported (43% self-care, 32% productivity and 25% leisure). Two subcategories, household management (27 %) and functional mobility (23 %), represented half of all the reported occupations. Ratings for prioritized occupations (N=300) were high for importance and generally low for performance and satisfaction. A wide variety of occupations were reported, related to both occupational areas and different levels of complexity within an occupational area. The results underscore the importance of using assessment tools that can capture both the variety and complexity of occupations. By obtaining more detailed information about occupations that people with late effects of polio perceive difficult to perform, this will enable occupational therapists to offer targeted interventions that can facilitate engagement in meaningful and purposeful occupations. A larger and more heterogeneous sample may enable the results to be generalized to more people with late effects of polio. Future studies should focus on methods that can facilitate engagement in meaningful and purposeful occupations for people with late effects of polio. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 4. |
- Asaba, Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating Occupational Therapy Specific Assessments in Practice : Exploring Practitioner Experiences
- 2017
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 2017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Occupational therapists sometimes find it challenging to integrate client-centered and occupational therapy specific assessments in practice. The aim of this study was to explore the use of occupational therapy specific assessments such as the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) among occupational therapists in Sweden and Japan. Methods. Interviews and qualitative thematic analyses were utilized. Findings. Four themes are reported: (1) use it or lose it, (2) simply no space until after hours, (3) biggest barriers can be colleagues, and (4) being more specific: communication. Conclusion. In keeping with previous studies, occupational therapists often find it challenging to implement client-centered and occupation-based assessment tools into practice. However, more work is needed to understand how best practices can be incorporated into a changing occupational therapy daily practice.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bonsaksen, Tore, et al.
(författare)
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Rasch Analysis of the Norwegian Version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire in a Sample of Occupational Therapy Students
- 2021
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 2021
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Recently, the Occupational Balance Questionnaire developed in Sweden was translated into Norwegian. No studies to date have examined the measurement properties of the Norwegian version of this questionnaire. Aim. The study is aimed at examining the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire, the OBQ11-N. Methods. Along with sociodemographic data, 180 occupational therapy students enrolled at two Norwegian universities completed the OBQ11-N as well as one question each related to health and quality of life and some sociodemographic variables. Rasch analysis was employed for examining rating scale functioning, item and person validity, dimensionality, and differential item functioning. Results. Item categories were ordered, but there were potential gaps in the measurement of the construct. Person reliability was fair, whereas item reliability was low. Point biserial correlations were positive, indicating that all items contributed to the construct. Factor loadings were low for two items, and there were indices of a second underlying dimension and item redundancy. Many people were not aligned with the items, and some items functioned differently across various demographic variables. Conclusion and Significance. The OBQ11-N did not function as an adequate measure of occupational balance in a sample of students. Potentially, the detected measurement problems may be solved by adding more relevant items to a larger item pool, from which the best fitting items should be selected.
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| 7. |
- Bontje, P, et al.
(författare)
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Cocreation from Emerging Opportunities: Occupational Therapists' Perspectives on Supporting Older Persons, in Japan
- 2022
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Ingår i: Occupational therapy international. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1557-0703 .- 0966-7903. ; 2022, s. 5495055-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. Practices of occupational therapists, particularly those supporting older persons with physical impairments, remain overly focused on remediating impairments, and implementation of occupation-centered practices remains fraught with difficulties. In Japan, this issue exists across the continuum from acute care to rehabilitation settings and into the community. This is despite the existence of international models and frameworks that place occupation at the core of the profession. Accordingly, there is a need to better understand how occupational therapists respond to the call for occupation-centered practices across the said continuum of care with this population. The aim of this study was at exploring and understanding occupational therapists’ experiences of supporting the resumption of occupations among older persons with physical impairments, in Japan. Methods. Embedded in a constructivist world view, this was a qualitative focus group study. Four focus groups (two in urban areas and one each in rural and semirural areas), consisting of seven or eight occupational therapists with at least three years of relevant practice experience, convened twice to narrate and explore their support of older persons. All were participating voluntarily with confidentiality of their participation being guaranteed by the researchers. They met for a third time to verify emerging analytic results. Data were analysed using a reflective thematic analysis. Results. Identified were three themes, namely, calling forth powers of occupations, imagining client’s future, and cocreating plots, which we synthesized into recurring cocreations from emerging opportunities. Discussion. Supporting the resumption of occupations among older persons with physical impairments hinges on repeated processes of identifying possibilities for occupation, followed by actions to bring these (e.g., images of clients’ future) into reality. Occupations’ healing properties (i.e., occupations’ powers) can be used to assist clients in experiencing health and well-being. The results suggest a reframing of occupational therapy practices as recurring processes of recognizing opportunities for occupation, followed by actions whereby these possibilities are turned into reality. Occupational therapy effectiveness might be enhanced when goals and methods are repeatedly and creatively aligned with the evolving plots cocreated between the client, therapist, and stakeholders.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Castro, Daniela, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a Cultural Awareness Scale for Occupational Therapy Students in Latin America: A Qualitative Delphi study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 23:2, s. 196-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cultural awareness is a key issue in health care worldwide. Valid and reliable assessments are needed to assess cultural awareness for occupational therapy students. The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to assess cultural awareness for Latin American occupational therapy students. A Delphi design was implemented considering four rounds with experts from four countries. A 30-item scale in Spanish was developed to assess three categories of items: personal, therapeutic strategies and persons’ cultures. The experts highlighted local features for professional practice as a key aspect of the scale. Local differences in practice were considered with the profession’s traditions and prevailing knowledge across the scale. A participatory strategy and an international group of experts enriched the cultural relevance. A subsequent study of statistical reliability is required (the scale is not presented in an extended version here). Further research should consider the application of the scale and strategies to improve cultural awareness across the curricula.
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| 10. |
- Cederlund, Ragnhild, et al.
(författare)
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Coping strategies in daily occupations 3 months after a severe or major hand injury.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 1557-0703 .- 0966-7903. ; 17:1, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coping strategies used in performing daily occupations 3 months after a severe or major hand injury were explored. A semi-structured interview was performed with 13 participants with hand injuries based on Hand Injury Severity Scoring System and analysed using content analysis. Six groups of strategies were identified: 'Changing performance of daily occupations', 'Actively processing trauma experience', 'Changing occupational patterns', 'Receiving assistance', 'Using emotional strategies' and 'Keeping up a social network'. The problem- and emotional-solving strategies identified in this study can be used to support other patients early in rehabilitation. Patients with few coping strategies should be recognized. Information and practical handouts to patients, therapists and relatives should stimulate and help patients with hand problems enabling in meaningful occupations and preventing unnecessary stress. Furthermore, social support should be encouraged and family should be actively involved in rehabilitation. To insure trustworthiness, member checks were used on four randomly selected participants, but could possibly be used with all participants. Further research is needed in a longitudinal study to explore which coping strategies or adaptation patients use to perform daily occupations at a later stage. Copyright (c) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 11. |
- Cederlund, Ragnhild, et al.
(författare)
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Coping strategies in daily occupations three months after a severe or major hand injury
- 2010
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 1557-0703 .- 0966-7903. ; 17:1, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coping strategies used in performing daily occupations 3 months after a severe or major hand injury were explored. A semi-structured interview was performed with 13 participants with hand injuries based on Hand Injury Severity Scoring System and analysed using content analysis. Six groups of strategies were identified: ‘Changing performance of daily occupations’, ‘Actively processing trauma experience’, ‘Changing occupational patterns’, ‘Receiving assistance’, ‘Using emotional strategies’ and ‘Keeping up a social network’. The problem- and emotional-solving strategies identified in this study can be used to support other patients early in rehabilitation. Patients with few coping strategies should be recognized. Information and practical handouts to patients, therapists and relatives should stimulate and help patients with hand problems enabling in meaningful occupations and preventing unnecessary stress. Furthermore, social support should be encouraged and family should be actively involved in rehabilitation. To insure trustworthiness, member checks were used on four randomly selected participants, but could possibly be used with all participants. Further research is needed in a longitudinal study to explore which coping strategies or adaptation patients use to perform daily occupations at a later stage.
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| 12. |
- Dychawy-Rosner, Irena, et al.
(författare)
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Content validity and clinical applicability of the Irena Daily Activity assessment measuring occupational performance in adults with developmental disability
- 2003
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 1557-0703 .- 0966-7903. ; 10:2, s. 127-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the Irena Daily Activity (IDA) assessment which measures occupational performance in adults with developmental disabilities. The instrument's content validity was investigated by elucidating its general appropriateness, its clinical applicability and the feasibility of the measurement procedure. Data were collected from a multidisciplinary panel of clinical experts working in day activity centres. Each expert independently judged and reviewed the IDA instrument's content validity. The results show that the content validity index (CVI) values ranged from 0.8 to 1.0 for the instrument's general appropriateness and clinical applicability, and from 0.7 to 1.0 with respect to the significance of the IDA domains' clinical applicability. The applicability of the IDA items were judged as satisfactory (CVI > 80) with respect to their importance for planning treatment and intervention. The feasibility of the measurement procedure was estimated as satisfactory in relation to the items (CVI > 0.70) and satisfactory with respect to the time needed and material used, with CVI values ranging from 0.8 to 1.0. The results of this study support the use of the IDA as a feasible and time-efficient assessment that provides insights regarding the occupational performance of adults with developmental disabilities. A limitation of this study was that it could not illuminate all-important aspects of validity. In conclusion, the IDA has the potential to become a reliable and valid clinical assessment, but additional research on psychometric properties is still needed.
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| 13. |
- Dychawy-Rosner, Irena, et al.
(författare)
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Content validity and clinical applicability of the Irena Daily Activity assessment measuring occupational performance in developmentally disabled adults
- 2003
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Whurr Publishers Ltd. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 2:10, s. 127-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the Irena Daily Activity (IDA) assessment which measures occupational performance in adults with developmental disabilities. The instrument's content validity was investigated by elucidating its general appropriateness, its clinical applicability and the feasibility of the measurement procedure. Data were collected from a multidisciplinary panel of clinical experts working in day activity centres. Each expert independently judged and reviewed the IDA instrument's content validity. The results show that the content validity index (CVI) values ranged from 0.8 to 1.0 for the instrument's general appropriateness and clinical applicability, and from 0.7 to 1.0 with respect to the significance of the IDA domains' clinical applicability. The applicability of the IDA items were judged as satisfactory (CVI ≥ 80) with respect to their importance for planning treatment and intervention. The feasibility of the measurement procedure was estimated as satisfactory in relation to the items (CVI ≥ 0.70) and satisfactory with respect to the time needed and material used, with CVI values ranging from 0.8 to 1.0. The results of this study support the use of the IDA as a feasible and time-efficient assessment that provides insights regarding the occupational performance of adults with developmental disabilities. A limitation of this study was that it could not illuminate all-important aspects of validity. In conclusion, the IDA has the potential to become a reliable and valid clinical assessment, but additional research on psychometric properties is still needed. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
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| 14. |
- Echsel, A, et al.
(författare)
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"Together on the Way": Occupational Therapy in Mainstream Education-A Narrative Study of Emerging Practice in Switzerland
- 2019
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Ingår i: Occupational therapy international. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1557-0703 .- 0966-7903. ; 2019, s. 7464607-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Switzerland, recent changes in legislation have reformed special needs education; more children with special needs are now integrated into mainstream schools. Health professionals such as occupational therapists are not embedded in the Swiss education system, but pediatric occupational therapists are starting to work at schools, with the aim of enabling children’s full participation as school students. This is bringing a change to the practice of pediatric occupational therapists. Cultural, political, and social factors differ in many ways from those of other countries where most of the current research on pediatric occupational therapists in mainstream education has been conducted. The need for school-based research that is situated within the political, structural, and cultural context of a country has been stressed in different studies. This qualitative study employed narrative analysis to explore the practice experiences and clinical reasoning of Swiss pediatric occupational therapists when working with children with special needs in the school context. Three main themes were identified in the narratives: “bringing in an occupational therapy perspective,” “focusing on school-related occupations,” and “collaborating with different inclusion players.” These represent three different aspects of the therapists’ emerging practice. The participants highlight different approaches for children with special needs to enable their participation in everyday life at school through learning, playing, and being with their peers. The findings are discussed in relation to current international research and with respect to European countries with a similar political and structural context, thus complementing approaches to school-based occupational therapy.
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| 15. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Psychiatric occupational therapists’ verbal interaction with their clients.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 1557-0703 .- 0966-7903. ; 1:8, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study reports from a survey investigating psychiatric occupational therapists' (n=292) use of verbal interaction on a regular basis with their clients. Among predefined areas of verbal interaction, routine occupations, self-image and ego-strengthening interventions were among the most frequently given alternatives. Verbal interaction with clients was more common among occupational therapists in outpatient care than among those in inpatient care. Verbal interaction with clients was also more common among occupational therapists with advanced education in psychodynamically oriented psychotherapy. The respondents' use of theoretical frames of reference was related to the focus of their verbal interaction with clients. Interventions to reach certain goals emerged as the most common category of verbal interactions. It was concluded that verbal interaction with clients is essential to the occupational therapy process. Future research needs to investigate the interplay between verbal and non-verbal components of interaction in occupational therapy and how patients benefit from these elements.
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| 16. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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The meaning of psychosocial occupational therapy in a life-story perspective. A long-term follow-up of three cases.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 1557-0703 .- 0966-7903. ; 10:3, s. 185-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is a long-term follow-up in narrative form of three former psychiatric patients who had been discharged eight to nine years earlier from an outpatient occupational therapy programme. The purpose of the study was to gain an understanding about the participants' views about the period of therapy from a long-term perspective and of how the outcome of therapy could be understood within the context of the patients' life plots. In-depth retrospective interviews and two former interviews with each participant, conducted at the time of therapy, comprised the data. The interview transcripts were subjected to narrative analysis. The fit between the characteristics of the therapy programme and important life themes of the informants seemed crucial for the long-term outcome of therapy, suggesting that taking life histories is important for occupational therapists in clinical practice in order to design appropriate interventions. Four components of the therapy, the activities, the social interaction, the milieu, and the therapeutic relationship, appeared as vital in re-shaping the informants' life plots.
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| 17. |
- Erlandsson, Lena-Karin, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Women's experiences of hassles and uplifts in their everyday patterns of occupations
- 2003
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - Oxford : John Wiley & Sons. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 10:2, s. 95-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate experiences of hassles and uplifts among women. One hundred working mothers were interviewed using the Target Complaints instrument. Content analysis, resulting in both qualitative categories and quantitative variables, was used. Working mothers' hassles were mainly generated by their social, temporal and doing contexts and illustrate the importance of considering women's total patterns of everyday occupations and not focusing one-sidedly on the work situation when treating occupation-related ill-health. Women's uplifts were experienced through the social context and by doing such different occupations as going to the movies, cleaning the house, or attending a class. This indicates the appropriateness of using a client-centred approach in interventions with openness to the client's unique situation. Unexpected occupations were identified almost exclusively among the hassles. This is important knowledge for occupational therapists since women will continue to be dual workers and at potential risk of developing unbalanced and detrimental patterns of occupations, in turn causing ill health. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 18. |
- Frisk, Margot, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational therapy adaptation of the home environment in Sweden for people with asthma
- 2002
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 9:4, s. 294-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes of lung function, respiratory symptoms and indoor air quality after reducing allergens and indoor pollutants in the home environment of people with asthma (n = 21). A quasi-experimental pre-/post-test design with one group of participants was implemented. The interventions included removal of wall-to-wall carpets (n = 14) or improvement of indoor air exchange (n = 7). Participants' lung function, symptoms, medication and type-1 allergy were recorded before and after the intervention. The indoor environment was monitored at house calls by an occupational therapist using conventional physical, biological and chemical methods. There was an improvement of lung function evidenced by an increased mean Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV(1) %) and a reduction of airway obstruction (reversibility, % of baseline value), which indicate an improved asthmatic condition. Lung function assessed by vital capacity, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, mean of Peak Expiratory Flow, symptom score and medicine consumption did not change significantly. There was a tendency that the amount of airborne dust (p=0.06) was reduced in the indoor environment. Relative humidity, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde and house dust mite levels had decreased after the intervention, but not significantly. Asthma symptoms related to the home environment are probably caused by several factors. When people with asthma suffer from increased symptoms in the home, house calls should be performed routinely. Dust samples from beds and carpets for analysis of allergens give information about exposure, and environmental assessments should be performed before interventions. Occupational therapists can make a valuable contribution in evaluating the home environment and suggesting ergonomic adaptations for individuals with asthma.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Haglund, Lena, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Concepts in occupational therapy in relation to the ICF
- 2003
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 10:4, s. 253-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Occupational therapists need an acceptable terminology to describe a client's clinical performance. The language or terminology must be in harmony with common language in the health care system but also reflect occupational therapists' professional responsibility. The aim of this paper is to help clarify similarities and differences between concepts in occupational therapy and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Two studies were completed in which items in the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH-2) were compared with concepts from the Swedish version of the assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) and the Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills (ACIS-S). An expert panel of occupational therapists served as raters and 33 clients with learning disabilities and mental health problems were assessed. The result showed that 12 (60%) of the skills items from the ACIS-S were found to be equivalent to items in then ICIDH-2. In total, 41% (n = 23) of the items in the AMPS or ACIS-S have a correlation higher then 0.60 with the ICIDH-2. The classification can serve as a useful tool for occupational therapists and supports communication between professions, but is not sufficient as a professional language for occupational therapists. Further research is indicated to examine how the ICF can be applied in occupational therapy and its implications on clinical practice.
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| 22. |
- Hesselstrand, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational Therapy Interventions in Chronic Pain - A Systematic Review
- 2015
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 22:4, s. 183-194
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of interventions based on the best available evidence in occupational therapy is essential, and evaluation of research is part of an evidence-based practice. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of studies describing and evaluating the effects of occupational therapy interventions on chronic pain. A systematic review of studies with diverse designs was carried out. A quality assessment was conducted, and the level of evidence was defined using the Research Pyramid Model. Of 19 included studies, three received the highest evidence level, and three were considered to be of high quality. The clinical recommendations that can be derived from this study are the following: occupational therapy interventions should start from the identified needs of the person with chronic pain; no support exists for the effectiveness of electromyographic biofeedback training as a supplement, more studies are needed to confirm this result; the efficacy of instructions on body mechanics was significant during work-hardening treatment; and occupational therapists need to perform and present more clinical studies of high quality and high-evidence level to build up a trustworthy arsenal of evidence-based interventions, for example, in persons with chronic pain. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 23. |
- Holstein, Jane, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Relevance and Psychometric Properties of the Swedish Version of the Cultural Competence Assessment Instrument
- 2020
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : WILEY-HINDAWI. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on the increasing diversity of Swedish society, health professionals, like occupational therapists, find it challenging to provide culturally competent services to international clients. Consequently, cultural competence among professionals needs to be measured and improved using psychometrically tested instruments. This study examines the clinical relevance, construct validity, and reliability of the Swedish version of the Cultural Competence Assessment Instrument among Swedish occupational therapists. Material and Methods. A randomised sample of 312 Swedish occupational therapists answered a survey based on the Swedish version of the Cultural Competence Assessment Instrument with supplementary questions on the clinical relevance of the instrument. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the clinical relevance of the Swedish version of the Cultural Competence Assessment Instrument. Factor analyses, both exploratory and confirmatory, were run to examine the factor structure. Cronbachs alpha was performed to assess the internal consistency of the instrument. Results. The participants reported that the 24 items had high clinical relevance. The validation yielded a three-factor model: openness and awareness, workplace support, and interaction skills. All three of these factors showed high loadings. Conclusions. The study results indicated positive clinical relevance and psychometric properties for the Swedish version of the Cultural Competence Assessment Instrument and strong support to be utilised in Sweden. The implications of this study are important given the rapid growth in migration over the last few decades. A self-rating instrument measuring cultural competence could support occupational therapists professional knowledge and development when they interact with international clients. As the tool was originally developed in English in the United States, the feedback from the Swedish version could potentially be useful for the instrument in modified form and for use by occupational therapists in English-speaking countries.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Ivarsson, Ann-Britt, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Goal, intervention and outcome of occupational therapy in individuals with psychosis : content analysis through a chart review
- 2000
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 7:1, s. 21-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the study was to analyse the content of occupational therapy records documenting treatment for individuals with psychoses. A retrospective content analysis of occupational therapy records regarding treatment goals, interventions and outcome was undertaken using a coding scheme, the Template of Occupational Therapy (TOT). Twenty-five occupational therapists chosen at random contributed 64 occupational therapy records, generating 2992 statements.The patients’ disorders and functional and activity limitations (n=1723) were comprehensively described. Ability to manage self-care and the home environment, and to engage in a daily occupation, emerged as the prominent treatment goals. The content of the occupational therapy interventions was characterized by descriptions of a wide range of activities, which were used as therapeutic resources.The occupational therapist had a client-centred approach, combining the use of the current activity with the use of herself/himself as a resource. A few statements in the records were interpreted as relating to outcomes of treatment for this patient group. Statements related to outcome were the patients’ self-reports and how they were able to manage activities of daily living. This retrospective study was found to be a useful conceptual model for designing studies of evidence-based occupational therapy in mental health
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| 26. |
- Ivarsson, Ann-Britt, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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The application of concept analysis in the occupational therapy treatment process in mental health
- 1998
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 5:2, s. 83-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to construct a coding schema for analysing the occupational therapy process, often described as formulating the treatment goal, implementing treatment and evaluating the effect of treatment. The concepts underlying the terms treatment goal, treatment intervention and effect or outcome of treatment, as used in occupational therapy, were defined and an analytical template of questions was constructed, using the analysis method designed by Walker and Avant (1995). The method included a third part; definitions of the three concepts were formulated on the basis of excerpts from occupational therapy textbooks in mental health that are well known in Sweden. The results showed that the concept of treatment goal included the attributive components planning goals, step-by-step goal, and group goal; the concept of treatment intervention included the components planning process, available resources and level; and the concept of effect or outcome of treatment included type and measurement. The excerpts for each of the components were then summarized as statements. These statements were converted into the questions that constituted the template. Third, these questions were used to test the usefulness of the template in analysing the occupational therapy content of 10 scientific reports on individuals with psychosis. All but two questions served to identify attributes of the three concepts. The template was useful for analysing the content of 10 research studies relevant to the occupational therapy process in mental health
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| 27. |
- Iwarsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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ADL dependence in the elderly population living in the community: the influence of functional limitations and physical environmental demand
- 1998
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 1557-0703 .- 0966-7903. ; 5:3, s. 173-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Empirical research elucidating the relationships between aspects of functional competence and environmental factors is lacking. This study aimed to analyse how functional limitations in the individual and housing accessibility problems influence ADL dependence in the elderly population, and to test Lawton's docility hypothesis. Data were collected from 133 Swedish subjects aged 75–84, who were living in the community. The main finding was that dependence in ADL correlated highly significantly with housing accessibility problems. The results also revealed significantly more ADL disability in the group of respondents in whom the heaviest environmental demands were identified, supporting the docility hypothesis. Although the study had limitations because the data required the use of non-parametric statistics, so restricting possible interpretations of the effects of geriatric comorbidity, the results indicated that interventions such as housing adaptations ought to be most effective with frail individuals. To promote independence in the general population, society has to work towards more accessible housing. More research is needed considering more environmental dimensions and elderly people's subjective apprehension of their housing environment.
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| 28. |
- Iwarsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Occupation: Construct validity and empirical testing of predicting factors in an aging population.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 1557-0703 .- 0966-7903. ; 6:2, s. 77-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The models and theories of occupational therapy and occupational science to a great extent lack empirical support. We need an increased understanding of the construct of occupation and its predicting factors. The objectives of this study were to explore the construct of occupation in an ageing population, and to test the construct's relationships with underlying performance components and environmental influences. Applying a post hoc design to a comprehensive data set from a general population cohort, the Latent Variable Path Analysis with Partial Least Squares estimation procedure (LVPLS) was used for reiterative modelling, using a hypothesized model founded in the rehabilitation context as the starting point. A household and work-related occupation variable was verified, and an acceptable model established. The results indicate that the construct of occupation can be explored with the LVPLS method, but the construct is complex and can only partly be subjected to empirical testing with a quantitative approach. The results demonstrate the feasibility of establishing a model based on general population data, maintaining the main structures of a model founded in the rehabilitation context. Empirical studies of the factors predicting occupation are valuable in order to develop and strengthen our theoretical models and taxonomies.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Kaelin, Vera C., et al.
(författare)
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Occupational therapy practice in mainstream schools : Results from an online survey in switzerland
- 2019
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The shift towards inclusive education in many European countries has led to structural changes that affect both schools and their related professionals aiming to support children’s participation. While most European countries acknowledge inclusive education and its need, serious challenges exist to its implementation at a national and local community level. Interdisciplinary collaboration, including health and educational professionals, is seen as an imperative key principle for inclusive education services. To learn about the occupational therapist’s contribution to inclusive education, the aim of this study was to describe the state of the art of occupational therapists’ collaboration and services delivery in Swiss schools. Using an exploratory, cross-sectional study design, a web-based survey was sent to 509 occupational therapists in Switzerland resulting in 302 responses for data analysis using descriptive statistics. Findings show that nearly all participants (97%) collaborate with schools, and 49% of participants provided direct services within a mainstream school setting. These services were mainly funded by health insurance and focused on physical and social environmental adaptations. Despite reported collaboration between occupational therapists and schools, this study shows a need for changes in federal health and education legislation as well as innovative solutions for service delivery in schools.
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| 31. |
- Larsson-Lund, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Patients' perceptions of their participation in rehabilitation planning and professionals' view of their strategies to encourage it
- 2001
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 8:3, s. 151-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purposes of this descriptive study were threefold: first, to describe how patients perceived their participation in the planning of their rehabilitation; second, to describe nurses' and occupational therapists' view of the strategies they used to encourage patients' participation; and third, to compare the perceptions of the two groups. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 57 hospitalized patients, 39 nurses and 11 occupational therapists. On the basis of the data patients were categorized as (a) 'relinquishers', (b) 'participants', and (c) 'occasional participants'. Professionals were categorized as 'information providers' and 'rehabilitation practitioners'. The strategies used by the professionals to encourage patient participation were approximately the same irrespective of patient category. It is suggested that professionals need to be sensitive to the patient's desire to participate in the planning of a rehabilitation programme. Further research is recommended to investigate circumstances affecting patients' participation and which strategies professionals can use to encourage their participation
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| 32. |
- Larsson, Åsa, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation for adults with traumatic brain damage : Four case studies
- 1995
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 2:3, s. 166-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the study was to investigate the value of computer-assisted activities for four individuals with brain damage. Individuals were trained in cognitive functions in their homes to compensate for cognitive impairment, assisted in work activities and helped in leisure time occupations. The four people received individually adapted computers and peripheral equipment, and the environment was changed to accommodate their needs. Each person received guidance and instruction from an occupational therapist once or twice a week for 12–18 weeks. The goals for each person were achieved according to evaluation with Goal Attainment Scaling.
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| 33. |
- Leufstadius, Christel, et al.
(författare)
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Time use and daily activities in people with persistent mental illness
- 2006
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - Oxford : John Wiley & Sons. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 13:3, s. 123-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate time use in work/education, self-care/self-maintenance, play/leisure, rest/relaxation, and sleep in people with persistent mental illness. A further aim was to investigate how time use in the daily activities was associated with health-related variables and social interaction. The study comprised 103 participants with a diagnosis of persistent mental illness who completed self-ratings and interviews in order to assess (1) time use of activities during one 24-hour day, (2) social interaction and (3) health-related factors. The major results indicated that the total time in activity (TTA) and the time spent on work/ education and sleep seemed to be related to the majority of the target variables. Four groups of daily rhythm were identified and the daily rhythm groups differed concerning perceived mastery and social interaction. Although the results of this study were statistically significant they did not indicate clinical significance. Therefore, the assumption that there is a relationship between occupation and well-being could not be clearly verified. This study had a cross-sectional design based on a one-time measure, which is an important limitation for the validity of the study. Furthermore, no Bonferroni corrections were made for mass significance and some of the findings would have disappeared if such corrections had been made. More studies concerning time use in daily activities, and daily rhythm in relation to health and well-being are needed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 34. |
- Liedberg, Gunilla, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Validity testing of the Quality of Life Scale, Swedish Version : Focus Group Interviews of Women with Fibromyalgia
- 2012
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 19:4, s. 165-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Focus group interviews were used to examine validity of the Quality of Life Scale, Swedish version (QOLS-S) for use with women with fibromyalgia. Five interviews with 18 women with fibromyalgia were completed. The opening question was “What does quality of life mean to you?” Later, participants were asked to respond to questions about the specific domains and items in the QOLS-S. The transcribed interviews were analysed, and categories were identified. Opinions concerning domains and items in the QOLS-S were linked to domains of the QOLS-S. Four categories emerged from the opening question: finances, to be an active person and participate in society, relations with others, and health. Overall, the women's perceptions of quality of life were congruent with the domains of QOLS-S. However, further attention should be given to the translation of certain items and apparent overlaps in some items indicate that they can be combined. Also, the instrument needs to be scrutinized from a cultural perspective because some items in the “social, community and civic activities” domain were not endorsed by the participants.
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| 35. |
- Lilja, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes towards rehabilitation needs and support from assistive technology and the social environment among elderly people with disability
- 2003
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 10:1, s. 75-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to survey the attitudes of elderly people with disabilities who were living at home regarding their support from assistive technology and the social environment. These attitudes were compared with their identified needs by an occupational therapist and in relation to perception of social engagement, loneliness and overall contentment with life. From a sample of 102 participants who were interviewed using a standardized procedure, 53 persons were included in the study. The results indicated that attitudes among elderly people towards social and occupational engagement and change have a greater influence on their rehabilitation status than their disability as indicated by their health condition and limitations in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living. The elderly people who accepted rehabilitation were more able, and were better equipped and better supported with assistive technology, than those who declined rehabilitation. Rehabilitation needs that the occupational therapists recognized were not always shared by the disabled elderly people, for several reasons; one reason of particular importance was the elderly person's attitude towards change and social engagement. However, the small sample size limits the generalization of the findings to the population of elderly people with disabilities. An ethnographic research design that allows for repeated interviews and observations of elderly people with disabilities for a prolonged period of time in their ordinary everyday lives may present an avenue for future research and lead to a deeper understanding of the issues
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| 36. |
- Lindström, Ann-Charlott, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence-Based Practice in Primary Care Occupational Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. Understanding of attitudes, knowledge, and behaviour related to evidence-based practice (EBP) and guidelines in Swedish occupational therapy is limited. The study aims were to investigate attitudes, knowledge, and behaviour related to evidence-based practice and guidelines of Swedish occupational therapists in primary care. Methods. A web-based survey of 94 Swedish primary care occupational therapists (response rate 53.7%). Data were analysed using logistic regressions. Results. Attitudes towards EBP and guidelines were highly positive (97%-98%). About half of the respondents reported confidence in finding and using evidence. Almost two-thirds reported being aware of guidelines and 47% knowing where to find guidelines. Four-fifths stated that they had easy access to guidelines and 75% that they used guidelines frequently. Men were more likely to feel confident to find research (OR 8.58, 95% CI 1.03 to 71.66; p = 0.047) and have easy access to guidelines (OR 9.10, 95% CI 1.94 to 42.83; p = 0.005). Occupational therapists older than 50 years were more likely to integrate patient preferences with guideline use (OR 6.44, 95% CI 1.14 to 36.57; p = 0.035). Few reported reading scientific articles, and many expressed uncertainty in finding research. The main barrier for using guidelines was reported to be lack of time. Conclusion. Although attitudes among primary care occupational therapists towards EBP are positive and a large proportion report using guidelines, many state that they want to learn more and improve their evidence-based practice skills. The findings suggest that education measures need to be taken to address the identified shortcomings.
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| 37. |
- Lönn, Maria, Doktorand, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences of Using Weighted Blankets among Children with ADHD and Sleeping Difficulties
- 2023
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - Oxford : John Wiley & Sons. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 2023, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. Sleeping difficulties are common in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A sleep intervention with weighted blankets was designed to increase current understanding of using weighted blankets to target children’s individual needs in connection with sleep and daytime functioning. Aim. To explore how children with ADHD and sleeping difficulties experience the use of weighted blankets. Methods. An explorative qualitative design in which 26 children with ADHD and sleeping difficulties, 6-15 years old, were interviewed about a sleep intervention with weighted blankets. Four categories emerged from qualitative content analysis. Results. Children’s experiences revealed that the use of weighted blankets 1) requires a commitment, by adjusting according to needs and preferences and adapting to the environment; 2) improves emotional regulation by feeling calm and feeling safe; 3) changes sleeping patterns by creating new routines for sleep and improving sleep quality; and 4) promotes everyday participation by promoting daily function and balancing activity and sleep. Conclusions. Using weighted blankets promoted children’s management of daily life with ADHD and sleeping difficulties. Occupational therapists can improve the assessment and delivery of weighted blankets tailored to individual needs based on increased knowledge from the children themselves. Copyright © 2023 Maria Lönn et al.
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| 38. |
- Matovu, Sarah Natalia, et al.
(författare)
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Narratives of Ugandan women adhering to HIV/AIDS medication
- 2012
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 19:4, s. 176-184
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is essential to improving the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS; however, it still remains a challenge especially for young African women. The purpose of the study was to explore how young women with HIV/AIDS in Uganda experience the influence of their everyday life occupations on adherence to HAART after more than 1 year on the medication.Narratives of six participants were elicited using two semistructured interviews within a period of 1 month. Narrative analysis was used to develop themes reflecting the participants' stories of coping with everyday activities.The participants described their adherence to HAART in relation to everyday life occupations as a “tug of war”, which describes the struggles they had taking medication because they were afraid of being discriminated by peers and the general society. They also expressed fear of not being included in many activities if people knew they have HIV/AIDS because there are many beliefs associated with the illness especially for young women in which they are branded promiscuous. However, in the Ugandan culture, women are considered to be home makers, which restricted their activities mostly around domestic work making it hard for them to prioritize their medication, and when they young women prioritized, it was all about fun activities that seemed to consume much time, hence contributing to the poor adherence. It is therefore important to assess the everyday occupations of young women before they start taking medication, so that HAART is scheduled in accordance with their everyday life occupation to reduce poor adherence.The implications of the study on practice is that it will enable occupational therapists working with persons with HIV/AIDS develop age-specific activities taking into consideration HAART as an everyday life activity rather than one that needs to be incorporated into their already existing activities, hence improving their adherence and reducing on stigma associated to the medication.
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| 39. |
- Miyamoto, Reiko, et al.
(författare)
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Student perceptions of growth-facilitating and growth-constraining factors of practice placements : A comparison between Japanese and United Kingdom occupational therapy students
- 2019
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study compared growth-facilitating and growth-constraining experiences of practice placements as perceived by occupational therapy students from Japan and the United Kingdom (UK). Fifteen students from Japan and 14 from the UK used a nominal group technique (NGT) to rank, individually and in groups, their subjective learning experiences during practice placements. Qualitative analysis and simple tabulation based on ranking of items obtained in the NGT were performed. Five item categories were identified from both Japanese and UK students: self-reflection, the role of supervisor, sense of responsibility, clinical knowledge and skills, and time management. Results showed that all students perceived opportunities for self-reflection and feedback from supervisors as growth facilitating and students’ passive attitudes towards requirements of practice placements as growth constraining. Countryspecific differences between students were observed in clinical knowledge and skills, sense of responsibility, and time management. Japanese students perceived that preparatory study led to successfully treating clients during placement, and they tended to commit to placement assignments at the expense of time outside. UK students valued working independently with a sense of responsibility but considered time-management problems within their placement hours as growth constraining. These differences can be explained by different social norms and expectations of students from Japan and the UK.
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| 40. |
- Müllersdorf, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational therapists' assessments of adults with long-term pain : the Swedish experience
- 2002
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 9:1, s. 1-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purposes of this study were to describe the needs for occupational therapy among people of working age with long-term pain, and to describe treatment interventions based on these assessments. Occupational therapists working in primary health care and/or with special interest in pain management (n=109) assessed 113 people aged 18-58 years with long-term pain with the Occupational Therapy Needs Assessment--Pain (OTNA--P) questionnaire. The occupational therapists recommended treatment interventions where appropriate. The results generated categories of needs that have implications for interventions: 1) need for patient education, 2) needs due to limitations in activity performance, 3) needs due to patient's discouragement, 4) need as a result of patient's dependency and 5) needs related to work. The suggested interventions focused on increased knowledge of how to handle daily occupations, mainly categorized as education and stress management' and behavioural' interventions. Significant correlations were found between the assessed needs and the suggested interventions. The results of this study could assist in developing guidelines for practitioners working in occupational therapy pain management programmes. It is recommended that further research is done on the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions with patients with long-term pain.
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| 41. |
- Müllersdorf, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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The use of creative activities in occupational therapy practice in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - San Francisco, USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 19:3, s. 127-134
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of creative activities in occupational therapy in Sweden and how often Swedish occupational therapists use creative activities as a means of intervention. A web-mail survey was sent to 2975 Swedish occupational therapists working in health care at regional, county council or primary health care level, and those working in vocational rehabilitation. A total of 1867 (63%) answered the questionnaire and showed that 44% did use creative activities as a means of intervention and most often by practitioners working in psychiatric health care. The most commonly used form of creative activity was arts and crafts followed by gardening. This web-mail survey was based on a limited amount of items regarding creative activities. Further research should focus on in-depth inquiries about how occupational therapists and their patients perceive the use of creative activities as a means of treatment in occupational therapy.
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| 42. |
- Müllersdorf, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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What, Why, How – Creative Activities in Occupational Therapy Practice in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 23:4, s. 369-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Creative activities have historically been used in occupational therapy, and although their usage has declined in recent decades, they are still used in Swedish practice. The aim of this study was to better understand how occupational therapists use creative activities in practice. A web-based survey was sent to 520 occupational therapists, of which 304 (58.5%) responded. The main reason identified for using creative activities was to strengthen the client's occupational performance, well-being and self-esteem. The expected outcomes of applying creative activities were to support the client in self-expression and experiencing joy and desire. More than half of the occupational therapist respondents did not use creative activities to the extent they desired. Creative activities in occupational therapy are still used as a vital treatment to strengthen the clients' occupational performance abilities. The survey has looked at only a professional perspective on effectiveness of applying creative activities in occupational therapy. More research is needed to evaluate how occupational therapists internationally apply creative activities. There is also a need to gain information from the client's perspective on the therapeutic value of creative activities.
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| 43. |
- Niva, Bernt, et al.
(författare)
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A pilot study of the activity patterns of five elderly persons after a housing adaptation
- 2006
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 13:1, s. 21-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of an accessible home environment for occupational performance has been emphasized in occupational therapy, but knowledge about how accessibility can affect a person's activity patterns is limited. The purpose of this study was to describe the activity patterns of five elderly persons aged between 70 and 84 years and their views about accessibility and usability of their homes before and after a housing adaptation. Two different questionnaires, 'Accessibility in My Home' and the 'Occupational Questionnaire' were used for data collection. Adaptations in the home included: removing thresholds, installing new taps in the bathroom and kitchen and broadening doorways. After the adaptations the five participants reported that they increased their outside activities, reduced naps during the day and slept better at night. The results showed that the participants performed more and new activities when their home environment had become accessible. Activities performed were also perceived as more important after the housing adaptation. There is a need to replicate the study with a larger sample. Further research is needed on the impact of home adaptations on the activity patterns of elderly people.
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| 44. |
- Prellwitz, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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How children with restricted mobility perceive the accessibility and usability of their home environment
- 2006
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 14:3, s. 193-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to describe how children with restricted mobility perceive accessibility and usability of their home environment. The investigation was carried through a descriptive questionnaire, mailed to children in northern Sweden with the diagnoses of cerebral palsy, spina bifida and muscular diseases. Eighty-two children completed the questionnaire. The results showed that the children perceived the accessibility of the physical environment in their homes as relatively good while outside the home the environment was less accessible. In the social environment, frequency of peer contacts varied. The present study underscores the challenges of ensuring that children with restricted mobility living in the parental home are able to have an accessible and usable environment in order to perform activities. Limitations of this study included the questionnaire design. Further research should be carried out with children with restricted mobility to obtain a better understanding of how to improve their mobility in their home environment
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| 45. |
- Prellwitz, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Usability of playgrounds for children with different abilities
- 2007
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 14:3, s. 144-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to better understand how children with different abilities use playgrounds to engage in creative play and interact socially with their peers. Twenty children aged between 7 and 12 years, with different abilities, participated in interviews. The findings showed that playgrounds served as a reference point for all the children, they challenged a child's physical abilities and provided opportunities for role-playing and social interactions. However, for children with disabilities, playgrounds had limited accessibility, usability and did not support interaction with peers. A methodological limitation of the study was that the interviewer only met the children once. Further research should be carried out to investigate if creating playgrounds according to universal design principles and adapting them to the needs of children with disabilities would improve social interactions and provide more opportunities for play.
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| 46. |
- Ramström, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Linking Prioritized Occupational Performance in Patients Undergoing Spasticity-Correcting Upper Limb Surgery to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health
- 2022
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 2022
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Spasticity is generally caused by damage to the spinal cord or the areas of the brain that controls movements, which poses significant limitations in occupational tasks. Objectives. The aims of the study were to (I) describe prioritized occupational performance problems (POPP) among patients who underwent upper limb spasticity-correcting surgery and map them to the International Classification of Function, Disability, and Health (ICF); (II) assess outcomes postsurgery; (III) assess whether the results are influenced by the diagnosis, gender, and residual muscle function; and (IV) assess correlation between changes in COPM and gains in grasp ability and grip strength. Methods. In this retrospective study, assessments occurred pre- and postsurgery, including the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), grip strength, and grasp ability. POPP were transformed to prioritized occupational performance goals (POPG) during subsequent rehabilitation. Results. 60 patients with a history of spinal cord injury (SCI) (n=42; 59%), stroke (n=25; 34%), traumatic brain injury (TBI) (n=4; 6%), and reason unknown (n=1; 1%) were included, with a mean age of 57 (±13) years. Of those, 11 had bilateral surgery, generating 71 COPM forms and 320 POPG. The POPG were mapped to the ICF activity and participation chapter, most often to self-care (n=131; 41%), domestic life (n=68; 21%), and mobility (n=58; 18%). COPM scores were significantly increased postsurgery, irrespective of diagnosis, gender, and muscle function. No clear correlation between COPM improvement and hand function gains was shown. Conclusion. Patients who underwent spasticity-correcting upper limb surgery identified difficulties with a wide range of occupational tasks that they considered as important to regain. Treatment-induced gains in occupational performance were significant but had no clear correlation with gains in grasp ability and hand strength. Independent of diagnosis, gender, and residual muscle function, it seems important to address the activity- and participation-specific aspects in the assessment and rehabilitation of patients.
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| 47. |
- Roshanay, Afsaneh, et al.
(författare)
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The Psychometric Properties of the Original Version of Assessment of Time Management Skills (ATMS)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley and Hindawi. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 2022
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To perform daily activities, time management and organizational skills are essential and therefore also important intervention focus in occupational therapy. To guide and evaluate intervention, valid and reliable instruments that measure time management and organization skills are necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Assessment of Time Management Skills (ATMS).Methods: Eligible participants were volunteer adults from the general population who were aged between 18 and 65 years, had a good understanding of English, and were not currently involved in any training or education to improve time management. The ATMS was filled out as a computer-administered survey. Rasch measurement analysis was used to evaluate the validity and aspects of reliability of the ATMS.Results: In total, 241 adults (112 male and 129 female, mean age = 40) participated. The analysis of principal components of residuals (PCA) and the item goodness-of-fit indicated that the 30-item scale does not measure only one single trait. Three subscales, time management (11 items), organization and planning (11 items), and regulation of emotion (5 items), were detected. One item each on the 11-item subscale showed misfit, but they were kept due to high relevance. All three subscales showed excellent results on analyses of PCA, local independence, and reliability.Conclusions and Relevance: ATMS can provide valid measures of time management, organization and planning skills, and regulation of emotion in a general population and presumably also in a population with cognitive impairment. The measure is useful for occupational therapists in assessing patients' strengths and barriers in time management skills. It can also be useful in identifying the necessity of training time management skills, to guide OT intervention programs and to evaluate interventions.What This Article Adds: Knowledge about the psychometric properties and usefulness of the ATMS in English-speaking countries.
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| 48. |
- Skjutar, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Indicators of need for occupational therapy in patients with chronic pain : occupational therapists' focus groups.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Occupational therapy international. - : Wiley. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 17:2, s. 93-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores occupational therapists' (OT) perceptions of indicators for occupational therapy interventions among patients with chronic pain. An exploratory design was applied to six focus groups of OTs (n = 25) for data collection. Analysis was performed using content analysis through identification of meaning units, codes, categories and themes. Limitations of occupational performance was a major theme that included participant restrictions caused by physical, emotional and environmental barriers. Five subthemes of need were identified: 1) pain behaviour that prevented engagement in activities; 2) lack of knowledge about pain mechanisms and strategies to deal with pain; 3) occupational imbalance in work, leisure and home; 4) emotional stress and depression due to pain; and 5) physical or environmental strain resulting in limitations in occupational performance. Because of the variety and the diverse trends of approaches towards interventions for patients with chronic pain that exist in different cultures and settings, this study should be replicated in other contexts to increase the transferability of the findings. Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 49. |
- Söderback, Ingrid
(författare)
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Hospital discharge among frail elderly people : a pilot study in Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 15:1, s. 18-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A conceptual framework for the hospital discharge process was designed. It was intended to measure frail elderly people's experience of their quality of care in terms of satisfaction and trustworthiness during their hospital discharge and their experience at home. The present pilot study aimed at evaluating the viability of an occupational therapy clinical tool. Nine frail elderly Swedish individuals reported the quality of their care as mostly satisfactory and trustworthy, according to their responses to the Discharged Patients' Enquiry Questionnaire (DPEQ). However, the participants were not satisfied with the non-continuity among the home-helpers, the lack of rehabilitation services and the non-availability of professional help, for example occupational therapy for increasing social contacts. The participant's responses indicated that occupational therapy interventions, that is, assessment of home environment (n = 6), improvement of housing accessibility (n = 3) and prescription of assistive devices (n = 4), contributed to their ability to live at home. The results are limited owing to the small number of participants. Future investigations of the care that patients discharged from hospitals receive are recommended to explore supplementary assessments of spouses' care burden and participants' quality of life, and the psychometric functions of the conceptual framework. In summary, the conceptual framework described may be a viable tool for evaluating the discharge process among frail elderly people discharged from hospitals to their homes.
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| 50. |
- Ullenhag, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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A Strength-Based Intervention to Increase Participation in Leisure Activities in Children with Neuropsychiatric Disabilities: A Pilot Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Occupational therapy international. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1557-0703 .- 0966-7903. ; 2020, s. 1358707-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim is to evaluate the feasibility of an intervention model with a client-centered goal-directed approach with the aim to enhance the child’s participation in leisure activities, self-efficacy, and activity performance. A pilot intervention using a client-centered goal-directed approach and a single-subject design was performed. Two Swedish boys with neuropsychiatric diagnosis aged 12 and 14 years old were included, and 3 leisure activity goals were identified. The intervention was carried out over 8 weeks and took place in the adolescent’s everyday environment and at the pediatric rehabilitation center. The goal attainment of participation goals (GAS), the perceived performance ability according to the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), the self-efficacy, and the participants’ satisfaction were used to study the effect. The participants succeeded in attaining their leisure goals as specified by the GAS by achieving +2 on one goal and +1 on the other two goals. They estimated higher performance ability and self-efficacy in their goal performance. Participants, parents, and therapists were overall satisfied and found the intervention to be applicable and helpful in optimizing leisure participation. The intervention model with a client-centered goal-directed approach in which participants define their own leisure activity goals appears to be effective in increasing participation in leisure activities.
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