| 1. |
- Andersson, R., et al.
(författare)
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The last European landscape to be colonised: A case study of land-use change in the far north of Sweden 1850-1930
- 2005
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - 0967-3407 .- 1752-7023. ; 11:3, s. 293-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The agricultural colonisation of the interior of northern Sweden in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries can be regarded as Europe's last colonising venture supported by an economy based on self-sufficiency. Nevertheless, nomadic Sami people have practised basic economic approaches to resources and environment in this region for thousands of years. The aim of this study was to analyse the swift land-use transition, from nomadic to agricultural, in the last colonised landscape of northern Sweden. Using historical documents and maps together with modern maps and a field survey, we wanted to link land-use patterns as strongly as possible to landscape features and ecosystems. Resource use of farmers and the native Samis showed many similarities with some important exceptions. Some obvious disparities seem to have evolved, mainly connected to the animal species that were domesticated. With the Sami people involved and interfering with the colonisation process, their use of resources contributed significantly to local economy and land use therefore became intensified. Interestingly, in the studied area the main driving force for establishment of new settlements was commercial forestry. However, in the last colonised landscape, forestry reached its physical limits, leaving mountain birch forests with evidence of traditional Sami land use and Sami historical traces.
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| 2. |
- Armiero, Marco, 1966-
(författare)
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Confessions of an Enthusiastic Chair
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - : White Horse Press. - 0967-3407 .- 1752-7023. ; , s. vii-xi
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Armiero, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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Green Rhetoric in Blackshirts : Italian Fascism and the Environment
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - : White Horse Press. - 0967-3407 .- 1752-7023. ; 19:3, s. 283-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In comparison with the significant historiographical work on the German case, specifically on Nazi environmental policies and ideology, studies on such issues for other Fascist regimes are still rather rare. This article attempts partially to fill this gap, at least as regards the Italian case, offering a general overview of the Fascist regime and its environmental politics and narratives. Analysing how Fascists appropriated Italian landscapes through both discourses and concrete policies, this paper examines the construction of a Fascist nature as a rhetorical, symbolic and geographical space. In particular, this essay explores the combined process of appropriation and expropriation through the analysis of two diverse but intertwined issues: firstly, Fascist rural ideology as a narrative on the mutual constituency of nature and people and secondly, the creation of the first Italian national parks, their successes and failures as institutions of nature conservation and their role as symbols of the nature/society divide. While blending the ideas of race, landscape, history, modernity and ruralism, Fascists shaped both the national environment and general ideas about nature in a narrative which affected the very object of the narration that is, nature itself.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Armiero, Marco, 1966-
(författare)
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Something I Have Learned from COVID-19
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - : White Horse Press. - 0967-3407 .- 1752-7023. ; 26:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Armiero, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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The Nature of Mafia : An Environmental History of the Simeto River Basin, Sicily
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - Cambridge : White Horse Press. - 0967-3407 .- 1752-7023. ; 26:4, s. 579-608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article builds upon a rich scholarship that has proposed, though with different shades, the concept of socionatures, meaning by this the inextricable hybrid of ecological and social facts. In this article, we aim to explore how the Mafia produces particular socionatural formations, entering into landscapes, becoming rivers and cities, penetrating into the bodies of humans and nonhumans. We will develop our argument by exploring a specific geographical area, the Simeto River, and how the Mafia has become intertwined with its ecologies. We will analyse the appropriation of the river since the 1950s, illustrating various ways in which the Mafia has blended with its ecologies: the control of water, the touristification of the river’s mouth and the placement of waste facilities. We argue that one crucial feature of Mafia socionatures is the attack against commons, i.e. the attempt to subdue the (re)productive properties of human and more-than-human communities to Mafia economic interests. Therefore, we will propose the practices of commons and commoning – that is, the making of commons – as one of the possible strategies against the Mafia
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| 9. |
- Biasillo, Roberta, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Seeing the nation for the trees : at the frontier of the Italian nineteenth century modernity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - : White Horse Press. - 0967-3407 .- 1752-7023. ; 24:4, s. 497-508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we analyse the emergence and the transformation of three different socio-natural spaces in a particular historical context – that is, the establishment of a modern state. We explore this issue by researching the relationship between forests and modernisation from Unification in 1861 to the 1890s. Over this period Italy experienced a radical change connected with the state-building process, and forests represented a material place where innovations in social and economic development were tested. Based on three case studies, this article explores how modernity was articulated through urban parks, ironworks, and infrastructures. The three cases speak of both depletion and conservation; they exemplify the patterns through which, in the very making of modernity, Italian society articulated its relationship to nature in an attempt to overcome customary rights and the traditional rural organisation of society. Forests were constructed as socio-ecological spaces reflecting Italy’s contested and heterogeneous modernisation process through which political tensions, social conflicts and economic development theories were inscribed on transformed landscapes.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Dahlström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The History (1620-2003) of Land Use, People and Livestock, and the Relationship to Present Plant Species Diversity in a Rural Landscape in Sweden
- 2006
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - : Brill. - 0967-3407 .- 1752-7023. ; 12, s. 191-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The traditional agriculture in Europe favoured numerous plant and animal species that are presently declining. Integrated studies based on various sources are needed in order to unravel the complex relationships between changing landscapes and biological diversity. The objectives of this study were to describe changes in land use during c. 350 years in a Swedish agricultural landscape in relation to changes in human population and livestock, and to analyse relationships between historical land use and present-day plant species diversity. There were only minor long-term changes in land use, population and livestock between 1640 and 1854 in the two studied hamlets, but detailed data 1620-41 showed a large short-term fluctuation in livestock numbers. After 1854 larger changes took place. Grasslands were cultivated and livestock composition changed. After 1932, livestock number decreased and most of the former grazed outland (areas located outside the fenced infields) turned into forest by natural succession. 7 per cent of the study area is still grazed semi-natural grassland. The highest plant species richness is today found on semi-natural grassland with a long continuity of grazing. The distribution of five target species suggests that previous land use still has an important effect today. The majority of their occurrences are remnant populations located in previous outland pastures which are today forests.
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| 12. |
- Duncan, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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The Emergency Has Already Happened
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - : White Horse Press. - 0967-3407 .- 1752-7023. ; 29:4, s. 476-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 13. |
- Ekberg, Kristoffer, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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A Question of Utter Importance: The Early History of Climate Change and Energy Policy in Sweden, 1974–1983
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - 1752-7023 .- 0967-3407. ; 29:3, s. 399-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies early arguments in Sweden for combating climate change. We show how scientific results in relation to climate change entered the political sphere as part of the debate on energy in the 1970s, a process we propose to name energysation. We argue that the use of climate science by pro-nuclear political actors served as a way of maintaining a course set by a high-energy society while simultaneously trying to outmanoeuvre the growing environmental anti-nuclear and low-energy movement. When the pro-nuclear power side met with resistance, this led to a displacement of climate change knowledge away from the realm of the national political sphere and specific energy forms, a process we conceptualise as de-energysation. By highlighting conflicts and the political framings of climate change in the early years 1974–1983, we suggest that the history of these frames influences current delay in climate change mitigation and limits the range of actions and ways of addressing the ongoing climate emergency.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Jørgensen, Dolly
(författare)
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Not by human hands : five technological tenets for environmental history in the Anthropocene
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - : White Horse Press. - 0967-3407 .- 1752-7023. ; 20:4, s. 479-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technologies in the hands of humans have turned humans into a force of nature. Environmental historians have increasingly recognised the value of history of technology to explain many environmental changes. Scholarship at the environment-technology junction, deploying ideas developed with the framework of Science and Technology Studies (STS), has revealed the usefulness of seeing the whole constellation of science, technology, and environment as simultaneously human-made. Based on recent work at the intersection of history of technology and environment, I propose five technological tenets about human interaction with nonhuman living beings that should be adopted as central elements of environmental history. The tenets demand that historians break down conceptual barriers between artefacts and animals: animals and plants are themselves technologies; technologies provide means of controlling other living beings; technologies mediate our knowledge of animals; technologies affect our valuation of other living creatures; and technology is part of the ecosystem.
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| 18. |
- Jørgensen, Dolly
(författare)
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Reaching beyond environmental history
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - 0967-3407 .- 1752-7023. ; 21:4, s. 641-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Kardell, Örjan, 1963-
(författare)
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Swedish Forestry, Forest Pasture Grazing by Livestock and Game Browsing Pressure Since 1900
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - 0967-3407 .- 1752-7023. ; 22, s. 561-587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growing numbers of wild ungulates are increasingly seen by concerned authorities in Europe as posing serious management problems, which include increasing browsing pressure by moose (Alces alces) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Swedish forests. Recent investigations by the Swedish Forest Agency identify high browsing pressure as the main reason for a recent decline in regeneration of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), one of the two main commercial species in Swedish forestry. The high browsing pressure is also having a negative impact on biodiversity. Thus, voices within the forest community claim that browsing pressure has never been so high. This paper examines that claim from a historical perspective by comparing livestock grazing in forest pastures a century ago with contemporary game browsing, and identifying the main factors driving both the livestock exodus from Swedish forests during the first half of the twentieth century and the rapid increase in deer populations during the second half. Finally, testing the claim that browsing impact has never been so high, past grazing and present browsing are theoretically sized up and compared. Estimates of live weights and numbers of large herbivores in 1902 and 2012 are used. The result indicates that the claim might possibly be lacking in historical context.
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| 21. |
- Kardell, Örjan, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Wolves in the early nineteenth-century county of Jönköping, Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - Isle of Harris : White Horse Press. - 0967-3407 .- 1752-7023. ; 19:3, s. 339-370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden there has been a vigorous debate concerning management of the wolf (Canis lupus) ever since 1983, when the species was naturally re-established in the country by long-distance dispersal. The contradictory interests are due to a commitment by Naturvårdsverket, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, to protect the wolf, while at the same time wolves arouse fear and hatred among many members of the public because they attack hunting dogs and kill game and livestock. The wolf is expected to increase in numbers and spread over most of Sweden. We argue that modern wolf management would benefit from a historical perspective and our study draws on data from a time when wolves, livestock and people depending on their herds were far more numerous than today. We also discuss aspects of available wolf food supply and territorial size in the early nineteenth century county of Jönköping, Sweden. This is possible by combining hitherto undetected source material on wolves, with a high geographical resolution, with the insights of modern wildlife research. Our main conclusions are that historic wolf territories were in all probability larger than current territories. This was due to a scarcity of large prey, especially during the winter months when livestock were stabled. Past herding practices seem, to a very large extent, to have kept predation on livestock at nearly negligible levels compared to total livestock numbers. This is a significant finding that should be of interest to those concerned with present day wolf management. We also discuss the potential for the future re-establishment of wolves in the studied area.
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| 22. |
- Lindström, Kati, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Bodies between catastrophes and control
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - 0967-3407 .- 1752-7023. ; 21:1, s. 171-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 23. |
- Mårald, Erland, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Modern nature for a modern nation : an intellectual history of environmental dissonances in the Swedish welfare state
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - Isle of Harris : White Horse Press. - 0967-3407 .- 1752-7023. ; 26:4, s. 495-520
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the mid-1990s, the concept 'ecological modernisation' was established to characterise the perception that environmental protection and economic growth are not mutually exclusive but rather comprise a solid foundation for sustainable development. We argue in this essay that believing that modernisation, economic growth and a healthy environment could go hand-in-hand was nothing new as far as Sweden was concerned. Rather, it is a belief that developed during the 'folkhem era (1930s–1970s) due to an extensive dialogue about the proper relationship between nature and society in the construction of the welfare state. We highlight the idea of 'dissonances' as a salient metaphor describing the disharmonic relation between old and new and modern society and modern nature. According to advocates of modernisation, it was important to overcome dissonances – backwardness, inefficient use of natural resources and negative ‘side effects’ of societal progress such as pollution and environmental damage – between society and nature. Instead, by rational thinking and new technology it would be possible to make society and nature go hand-in-hand and thereby enhance human welfare. However, broadened knowledge and intellectual horizons and critiques of progress have brought new problem complexes and dissonances to light. Like the dream of Sweden the modern Model Nation, the definitive answer to the difficulties of the environmental issue has constantly been deferred.
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| 24. |
- Paglia, Eric, 1970-
(författare)
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The Shock of the Anthropocene
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environment and history. - : WHITE HORSE PRESS. - 0967-3407 .- 1752-7023. ; 24:2, s. 294-296
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Parrinello, Giacomo, et al.
(författare)
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Shifting Shores of the Anthropocene: The Settlement and (Unstable) Stabilisation of the North-Western Mediterranean Littoral Over the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - : White Horse Press. - 0967-3407 .- 1752-7023. ; 28:1, s. 129-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human occupation of the littoral has dramatically increased in the modern era, leading to major ecological and morphological changes of the coastal zone that are central to current debates on the Anthropocene. While the existing interpretations tend to represent these changes in terms of human impact and despoliation, we argue that exclusive insistence on this aspect risks obfuscating the inherent dynamism and persistent instability of coastal environments, while erasing the differences in how historical actors interacted with this dynamism. Focusing on the north-western Mediterranean, we investigate the interaction between stabilisation and instability - the shifting nature of the shores. Based on an extensive analysis of secondary sources in five languages (Italian, French, Catalan, Spanish and English), we propose a tripartite analytical framework: first, we analyse new understandings of the coast; second, coastal integration and networks; finally, the physical transformations of the coastal environment. Through this approach, the paper sheds light on the contested and ultimately elusive stabilisation which accompanied modern coastal settlement and invites the reader to think historically about the Anthropocene from the perspective of shifting shores.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Priebe, Janina, 1986-
(författare)
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Science, Markets, and Power : Adolf Severin Jensen in the debate over Greenland's fisheries development during the early twentieth century
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - : White Horse Press. - 0967-3407 .- 1752-7023. ; 24:3, s. 349-375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a fisheries consultant to the colonial administration, Adolf Severin Jensen (1866-1953) followed, and was an active commentator on, all stages of the commercialisation of Greenland's fishing industry - from its early assessment shortly after 1900 to the sector's peak in the 1930s, and the first signs of a changing trend in the 1940s. This paper puts Jensen's perceptions of Greenlandic fisheries in dialogue with the ideas of scientific rationalisation, economic efficiency and colonial power. The accounts of the fisheries scientist offer a glimpse into the complicated interplay of applied science in natural resource exploitation and state interests at the turn of the twentieth century. His research agenda was coined by the goals of fisheries science to connect knowledge production to markets. However, Jensen's findings also merged with Denmark's aim to secure its colonial authority in Greenland and to exert effective power over both resources and people.
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| 29. |
- Weiss, Holger, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Cotton and Salt : Swedish Colonial Aspirations and the Transformation of Saint Barthélemy in the Eighteenth Century
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - 0967-3407 .- 1752-7023. ; 26:2, s. 261-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The environmental history of the Caribbean has been strongly associated with the consequences of sugar cane agriculture and extreme weather phenomena. Consequently, other aspects of environmental change at play in the Caribbean region have remained less known. However, islands such as Anguilla, Barbuda, and Saint Barthélemy had no or very few sugar plantations. The fact that non-sugar producing islands had to find other ways of supporting themselves shaped their environmental history in ways that differed from that of the sugar islands. These alternative environmental histories deserve to be highlighted when presenting the historiography of the Caribbean. In this article, the island of Saint Barthélemy serves as a case study of an island where sugar cane agriculture was absent and tropical storms and hurricanes were of lesser consequence. In outlining the environmental history of Saint Barthélemy during the first decades of Swedish colonial rule, in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the article shows that the Swedish takeover resulted in environmental changes. Sweden’s ambitions and expectations concerning the improvement of the island were initially high and much effort was put into the development of the economy. The rationale for the Swedish plans was to exploit the few and scarce resources of the island, but it was the harbour that became the most successful endeavour.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Dekker, Willem
(författare)
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Faire mieux que la nature? The History of Eel Restocking in Europe
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - 0967-3407. ; 22, s. 255-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Young eel, recruiting from the ocean towards Europe, are most abundant along the Atlantic coast of France. Since 1840, attempts have been made to redistribute them from the areas of highest abundance to other countries and farther inland. This 'restocking' has been troubled by technical constraints (e.g. mode of transport and maximum distance eel can be shipped alive), wars (e.g. the Franco Prussian War and World Wars One and Two) and, in recent decades, by shortage of supply due to the general decline of the eel stock all across Europe. Though objectives and procedures have changed considerably over the years, the recurring aim has been to increase production and, in that way, to 'faire mieux que la nature'. We document the historical development of these efforts from their inception, and contrast the achievements to the objectives. Except for the 1952-1990 period in Eastern Europe, restocking has probably added only slightly to the natural production. As successful as restocking might have been locally, it has not markedly changed the overall trends and distribution patterns or halted the general decline of the stock and fishery. Poor post-evaluation, frequent technical innovation and a constant renewal of the countries and people involved have kept the promise of a better future alive for 175 years.
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| 33. |
- Larsson Heidenblad, David
(författare)
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Mapping a New History of the Ecological Turn : The Circulation of Environmental Knowledge in Sweden 1967
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - 1752-7023. ; 24:2, s. 265-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This essay introduces environmental historians to a new approach inspired by the burgeoning field of Wissensgeschichte; that is, the study of societal circulation of knowledge. It is argued that this new method can help us to better map out and analyse the emergence of modern environmentalism in society at large. To demonstrate the practical implications of the argument the essay is centred on an empirical investigation of a formative moment in Swedish environmental history: the eventful autumn of 1967. The study makes evident that during this period environmental issues began to be publicly regarded as a pressing global question of survival and that this development was intrinsically linked with the production of a certain kind of future-oriented expertise. The empirical findings of the essay shows that by shifting our analytical attention towards the societal circulation of knowledge we can gain new insights into the public emergence of environmentalism. It is argued that this line of research can provide a new basis for environmental historians seeking to write a new and enlarged history of the ecological turn.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Rönnbäck, Klas, 1974
(författare)
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The sink as a source: safeguarding the raw water source of Gothenburg, Sweden, 1860 to 1980
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - 0967-3407. ; 23:1, s. 97-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper studies the case of water pollution in Sweden, and how the city of Gothenburg had to struggle with this issue in order to secure a source of fresh water to satisfy its demand for drinking water. It is argued in the paper that the city employed a wide variety of strategies, ranging from water treatment to acquiring property rights over the watershed that provides its water. Most importantly, the city was interested in reducing the levels of pollution in the river, and consequently became a key stakeholder in the enforcement and implementation of effective environmental legislation.
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| 36. |
- Yang, Fengping, et al.
(författare)
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Historical Development and Practices of Lawns in China
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - 0967-3407. ; 25, s. 23-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lawn, the most common human-created and culture-shaped habitat in urban green areas, has recently been questioned because of the negative environmental impacts from intensive lawn management. China, a late adopter of lawns, has a great potential to implement sustainable lawns. Based on a literature review, field observations and interviews with local politicians, lawn managers, landscape architects and local residents in Chinese cities, this study seeks inspiration for sustainable lawns within classical Chinese gardening and European examples and identifies the drivers of lawn development in China. The definition of lawns has varied over time, evolving with the changes in the relationship between human and environment. Chinese people's paradigm on lawns is influenced by the trend of Westernisation and globalisation after 1840s. We conclude that shifting the existing paradigm to environmentally friendly lawn aesthetics and bridging the knowledge gap between researchers and practitioners are challenges in achieving sustainable lawns in China. This paper creates a better understanding of the lawn phenomenon in China and is one step ahead in shifting people's paradigm of lawns in countries that are later adopters of lawns.
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