| 1. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Odour signals for detection and control of indoor pyralid moths
- 2009
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Ingår i: IOBC/WPRS Bulletin. - 1027-3115. ; 41, s. 69-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three pyralid moths, the Mediterranean flour moth (Ephestia kuehniella), the almond moth (Ephestia cautella) and the Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella), infest food products all over the world and cause severe problems in factories, shops and households. For health and environmentalreasons chemical control becomes more and more restricted. We here present some promising results offering efficient detection and control of these species based on semiochemicals, and line up a number of remaining questions to be answered in order to improve the reliability and competitiveness of the methods used. For P. interpunctella and E. cautella we found that more complex pheromone blends were superior to the commercially available one-component blend in attracting males, andshould be used if increased sensitivity is desired. The almond moth, males as well as females, can be trapped in buckets with tap water, which will give an estimate of the population level without use of pheromone traps. All three species show positive response to odours identified from chocolate, and this could possibly be developed further and used to determine relative population densities. For population suppression the pheromone-mediated mating disruption technique was employed inlocalities with infestations of all three species. Based on several indirect methods to estimate the population densities we conclude that this technique has a large potential for controlling all three mothspecies.
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| 3. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Pheromone mating disruption of the pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer : is the size of the treated area important?
- 2002
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Ingår i: IOBC/WPRS Bulletin. - 1027-3115. ; 25:9, s. 111-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Few attempts to control forest insects by means of pheromone mating disruption have been reported. The first such experiments with the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), resulted in nearly complete trap catch reduction, but no effects on population density or sex ratio were noted. Unmated females lay eggs, which develop into males only. Therefore, if mating disruption would be successful, a more male-biased sex ratio is expected the next generation. One possible explanation for the early results is that mated females disperse into the treated area, and thus obscure the effects of the treatment. In order to reduce the effect of such immigrating females, the treated area was increased in the experiment described here from the earlier used 0.5 – 4 ha to 25 ha. The acetate of erythro-3,7-dimethyl-2- pentadecanol was used for disruption and released from dispensers every 10 m. The influence on male orientation was monitored by pheromone traps, baited with the acetate of (2S,3S,7S)-3,7- dimethyl-2-pentadeanol and placed at 100 m interval along two perpendicular, 1500 m lines intersecting the treated area. The trap catch reduction was near 100% during the first month, but then declined to around 90% during the second month. Mating frequencies were checked by comparing the sex ratio of the next generation from within and outside the treatment area. No effect of the treatment on the sex ratio was detected, and the frequency of mated females could be assumed to be independent of treatment. Alternative hypotheses to explain the failure of pheromone mating disruption in N. sertifer are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Cotes Ramal, Belén, et al.
(författare)
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A host-pathogen-parasitoid system in the biological control of the cabbage root fly, Delia radicum
- 2014
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Ingår i: IOBC-WPRS Bulletin. - 1027-3115. ; 107, s. 190-190
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This project will investigate the impact of complementary biological control strategies on pest control of Delia radicum (and D. antiqua) and interactions between the control agents. We will combine inoculation biological control, using the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, with conservation biological control of the specialist parasitoid Trybliographa rapae and the generalist predator/parasitoid Aleochara bipustulata in a crop rotation system. It is a novel ecologically-based management system that relies on the combined effects of biological control strategies, through niche complementarity of natural enemies in time and space. We will present the preliminary results on the effect of the fungi in the system. The dose-response of the fungi on the third instar larvae of D. radicum will be given together with the preliminary results of bioassays regarding choice/no-choice in T.rapae associated with infected host larvae. Also the role of chemical signals in behavioral mechanisms have been started to be elucidated through studies in a two-choice olfactometer. The first year's data on mortality of D.radicum larvae caused by either/or in combination: T.rapae and M.anisopliae from cage semi-field trials will be presented. The implication of the results will be discussed in the context of the agroecosystem
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| 16. |
- Porcel Vilchez, Mario, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the efficacy of a multispecies pheromone dispenser for the control of tortricids in apple orchards: a three-year evaluation
- 2016
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Ingår i: IOBC-WPRS Bulletin. - 1027-3115. ; 112, s. 37-39
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We tested the possibility of using a single device for the pheromone disruption of a number of lepidopteran pests of apple in Sweden. Experiments were carried out in single conventional orchards of different size equipped with plant hedges and surrounded by variable landscapes. An increasing inhibition of the male flying activity by the synthetic airborne pheromone was measured over the three-year period for the majority of the tested species. The reduction in the larval activity of the corresponding species varied in accordance with the management and the surrounding of the orchard. Experiments in field cages showed a significant interference effect of the synthetic pheromone formulation on location of calling females by released males. The release of each component from the device was continuous over the entire flight period of the monitored species with a partial residual release in the following season. According to our results, we recommend the use of the tested device as a tool to reduce the field population of lepidopteran pests as well as to diminish the load of chemical insecticides in orchards. Due to the variability of the results in relation to single orchard features, field scouting needs to be considered as a necessary support to growers.
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| 17. |
- Porcel Vilchez, Mario, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of agricultural management on canopy-dwelling predatory and herbivorous arthropod communities in Swedish apple orchards
- 2016
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Ingår i: IOBC-WPRS Bulletin. - 1027-3115. ; 112, s. 79-82
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Local agricultural management, and in particular pesticide usage, is a major driver of many arthropod communities in agroecosystems. For example, it is known to cause a significant impact on pest's natural enemies abundance and diversity. The aim of our study was to establish the effect of agricultural management on the community of predatory and phytophagous canopy-dwelling arthropods in Swedish apple orchards. Arthropods were sampled from the tree canopy in organic and conventional orchards using a field insect aspirator. We compared the composition at family level of the two functional groups considered (predators and herbivores) using multivariate analysis. Significant differences were obtained for the predatory community between organic and conventional orchards. Principal component analysis showed a clear clustering of conventional farms mainly associated to lower abundances of predatory mirids, anthocorids, ladybirds, dustywings and spiders. Furthermore, there was a higher variation in the predatory arthropod community in organic compared to conventional orchards. No differences were observed for the herbivore community collected in suction samples between management schemes suggesting a different response pattern to orchard management compared to the predatory community during the 2013 growing season.
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| 20. |
- Sundh, Ingvar
(författare)
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A comparison of ecological elements of current safety assessments and regulation of microbial and invertebrate biocontrol agents
- 2011
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Ingår i: IOBC-WPRS Bulletin. - 1027-3115. ; 63, s. 71-74
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Current regulations and safety assessments for biological control agents (BCAs) differmarkedly among agents based on invertebrate animals (e.g. insects, mites, nematodes; IBCAs)versus microorganisms (e.g. bacteria, fungi, viruses; MBCAs). Non-indigenous IBCAs areregulated in several countries through quarantine legislation for prevention of introduction ofalien organisms, whereas indigenous IBCAs are not generally regulated. In contrast, all MBCAsfall under legislation similar to chemical pesticides and need pre-market authorisation. Currentemphasis on ecotoxicological effects of MBCAs has resulted in unnecessarily complicated,expensive and less relevant risk assessments and contributes to a very slow implementation ofMBCAs. The potential ecological hazards are similar between the two groups of BCAs, and theenvironmental safety of both groups is therefore most pertinently evaluated according tobiological and ecological principles. Development of mutual systems for the regulatory oversightof all living BCAs should be considered. One research area that needs to be further explored is towhat degree MBCAs persist and spread to surrounding areas. Another is the extent to which useof MBCAs actually results in increased exposure of non-targets to microorganisms, compared to“normal” background exposure. Finally, increased knowledge of the biogeography and microbialecology of representative MBCAs would facilitate determining whether a certain microbe isindigenous or not. Native MBCAs should generally not need the same ecotoxicological oversightas exotics, as is the present case with native IBCAs.
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| 22. |
- Svensson, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated pest and disease management (IPM) for strawberry production in Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: IOBC-WPRS Bulletin. - 1027-3115. ; 70, s. 201-205
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An Integrated Pest and Disease Management (IPM) programme for strawberry production was evaluated in a series of studies carried out in 2010. The main aim was to identify suitable field scouting tools and disease thresholds in field trials and to inform growers of IPM practices. The IPM strategy was composed of field scouting, utilisation of an early warning system for management of Botrytis cinerea and inclusion of biological control agents/physical preparations in an overall management system. Although the study only lasted one year, the results helped identify problems and possible areas for further research and development trials. Positive results were generally obtained using the Botrytis warning system BOTEM, while the bio-control organism Neoseiulus cucumeris demonstrated good effect in controlling tarsonemid mites
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| 23. |
- Tasin, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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Applied chemical ecology; filling the volatile gap
- 2013
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Ingår i: IOBC-WPRS Bulletin. - 1027-3115. ; 91, s. 155-157
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The use of plant volatiles in integrated pest management (IPM) programs is a challenging topic. Often, much of the knowledge on the mechanisms behind insect host-plant location via volatiles remains confined to the laboratory. A gap is reported when transferring the knowledge gained in laboratory into a natural setting. Our talk offers an example of a combined approach with laboratory and field bioassays to develop an IPM system based on plant volatiles. We predicted that the background odour of the crop and the way of delivery of plant volatiles could be key factors in closing this gap. We tested this hypothesis on the system of Argyresthia conjugella, the apple fruit moth, and its host-plants (Sorbus aucuparia and Malus domestica). Results showed that the delivery system as well as the volatile background had a great influence on attraction of plant volatile lures. Both were relevant to successfully transfer the preliminary data obtained in the laboratory into a field setting. By taking these factors into consideration, a monitoring lure to track the apple fruit moth migration from rowan to apple was developed.
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| 26. |
- Tasin, Marco
(författare)
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Semiochemicals: the essence of green pest control
- 2013
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Ingår i: IOBC-WPRS Bulletin. - 1027-3115. ; 91, s. 195-197
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Traditionally, semiochemicals have been viewed as selective tools for monitoring, detecting or controlling insect pests. Though considered benign with respect to human health, environment and surrounding ecological niche, their uptake has been limited. In a recent IOBC conference held in Bursa Turkey, researchers, extension workers, regulators and producers from more than forty-one countries met to disseminate recent developments in semiochemical research with a view to increasing semiochemical deployment. A brief synopsis of this meeting highlighting some of the major presentations is given below.
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| 31. |
- Åhman, Inger
(författare)
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Breeding for inducible resistance
- 2013
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Ingår i: IOBC-WPRS Bulletin. - 1027-3115. ; 89, s. 311-317
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 34. |
- Östrand, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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On the origin of pine sawflies caught in pheromone traps
- 2002
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Ingår i: IOBC/WPRS Bulletin. - 1027-3115. ; 25:9, s. 233-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study investigated behaviour of male European pine sawflies, Neodiprion sertifer Geoffr. (Hym., Diprionidae), that were released downwind from pheromone traps. Releases were done at three distances; either at 5 m from one trap, or at 50 m or 200 m from five traps, placed in a line perpendicular to the current wind direction. As a control, males were released identically but without any pheromone source present. The behaviour of the males prior to take-off was studied on a release platform. The following different types of behaviour were recorded: grooming, wing fanning, orientating and take-off. The frequency of grooming was significantly higher in the pheromone treatments compared to the control, whereas the frequency of wing fanning and orientating increased, although not significantly. The direction in which the males displayed the various types of behaviour was more concentrated towards the wind when pheromone was present than during the control experiment. By colour marking of Ecology, Lund University, d travel speed could be calculated. The minimum recorded time from take-off to landing was 1 min, 6 min and 45 min for the 5 m, 50 m and 200 m experiments, respectively. The stimulation and attraction range of the trap was at least 200 m, and the sampling range after 24 hr was calculated to approximately 400 m (c.i. 140–1600 m).
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