| 1. |
- Cherniak, Aaron D., et al.
(författare)
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Psychedelic Science of Spirituality and Religion : An Attachment-Informed Agenda Proposal
- 2023
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Ingår i: The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1050-8619 .- 1532-7582. ; 33:4, s. 259-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we set an agenda for a psychedelic science of spirituality and religion based on attachment theory. Attachment theory proposes that people develop internal working models (IWMs) of interactions with others from their relational experiences with caregivers. Such IWMs then function as high-level priors or predictive models, enabling people, for better and for worse, to predict and organize their interpersonal and religious/spiritual relationships. One mechanism by which efficacious psychedelic interventions may work is by relaxing the grip of rigid, defensive priors (e.g. insecure IWMs with regard to others and God), further amplified by corrective relational experiences with the therapist, God, or others. We outline three key proposals to steer future research. First, individual differences in attachment security predict the phenomenology and integration of psychedelic experiences. Second, efficacious psychedelic therapy facilitates increased attachment security as a clinically relevant outcome. Third, attachment-related dynamics (e.g. a sense of connection to others/God/the universe, alleviation of attachment-related worries and defenses) are process-level mechanisms involved in the clinical utility of psychedelic treatment. Finally, we discuss the role of religion and spirituality in psychedelic experiences from an attachment perspective.
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| 2. |
- Frøkedal, Hilde, et al.
(författare)
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Participation in Existential Groups Led by Norwegian Healthcare Chaplains : Relations to Psychological Distress, Crisis of Meaning and Meaningfulness
- 2022
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Ingår i: The international journal for the psychology of religion. - : Routledge. - 1050-8619 .- 1532-7582. ; 32:1, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spirituality groups led by healthcare chaplains have been found to aid patients' recovery processes in US psychiatric units. In Norway, existential groups (EGs) led by healthcare chaplains and co-led by healthcare staff members are offered at psychiatric units; these groups share commonalities with spirituality groups, group psychotherapy, existential therapy and clinical pastoral care, facilitating patients' reflections regarding existential, spiritual and religious issues. The study aimed to examine associations between patients' participation and topics discussed in the EGs and their experiences of psychological distress, crisis of meaning and meaningfulness. A cross-sectional design was applied among 157 patients attending EGs led by healthcare chaplains across Norway. Multivariate regression analyses assessed the strength of possible associations, adjusted for relevant demographical variables. Significant association was found between lengthier EG participation and lower levels of psychological distress, while discussion topics concerning religious and spiritual issues were significantly associated with the experience of meaningfulness.
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| 3. |
- Granqvist, Pehr, et al.
(författare)
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Disorganized attachment promotes mystical experiences via a propensity for alterations in consciousness (absorption)
- 2012
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Ingår i: The international journal for the psychology of religion. - Routledge : Informa UK Limited. - 1050-8619 .- 1532-7582. ; 22:3, s. 180-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, the authors argue that mystical experiences are linked to disorganized attachment via a proposed mediator-the propensity to enter altered states of consciousness (absorption). Using a sample of predominantly religious/spiritual participants (N = 62), they report that disorganized attachment, as identified with the Adult Attachment Interview, predicted lifetime occurrence of mystical experiences and that this link was mediated by absorption. Alternative mediational models received less conclusive support. Also, more conventional aspects of religion (theistic beliefs and degree of general religiousness) were not related to disorganized attachment or absorption, supporting the discriminant validity of the mediational model. In the discussion, the authors argue that mystical experiences represent a nonpathological and potentially self-reparative "outcome" of disorganized attachment and the related propensity to experience alterations in consciousness. Experiences named "mystical" have played a conspicuous role at almost every level of culture; and yet, despite the vast literature devoted to them, the subject has remained.... as dark as it is fascinating.... Mysticism has suffered as much at the hands of its admirers as at the hands of its materialistic enemies. If the latter have been unable to see anything else than aberrations and abnormalities, the former have gone to the other and equally fatal extreme; no descriptive adjective short of "sublime," "infinite," "divine" has seemed to them at all sufficient.
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| 4. |
- Granqvist, Pehr
(författare)
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Introduction to the Special Issue : Advancements in the study of attachment and religion/spirituality
- 2012
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Ingår i: The international journal for the psychology of religion. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1050-8619 .- 1532-7582. ; 22:3, s. 173-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the recent past, psychologists of religion frequently complained that their discipline was not sufficiently respected in mainstream academic psychology while acknowledging—at least in some cases—that one reason for this lack of respect was that their discipline did not really deserve it (e.g., Batson, 1997; Batson, Schoenrade, & Ventis, 1993). Why this discipline would not deserve respect might at first seem puzzling. After all, in its many different manifestations, religion is on the verge of being a historical and anthropological universal (e.g., Brown, 1991). Also, whereas members of other animal species keep themselves busy with the world of their senses, “man is [perhaps] by constitution a religious animal” (Burke, 1790/1909, p. 239). Relatedly, religion typically, and curiously, centers around the existence of unobservable others (i.e., gods and spirits). Finally, as illustrated by the opening quote from a “Christian-era” Bob Dylan song, these unobservable others become especially important as people struggle with utter despair and turmoil; that's when their dyin' voices are especially prone to reach out, somewhere. The song continues, “Sometimes I turn, there's someone there, other times it's only me” (Dylan, 1981). Thus, why would mainstream psychologists not view the topic of religion as worthy of their scientific attention and interest, and why would some psychologists of religion themselves attest that their discipline doesn't really deserve respect?
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| 5. |
- Li, Hansen, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Participating in Religious Groups on Mental Health Issues : A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
- 2024
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Ingår i: The international journal for the psychology of religion. - : Routledge. - 1050-8619 .- 1532-7582. ; 34:1, s. 24-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted a Mendelian randomization study to evaluate the potential causal effects of attending religious groups on the prevalence of depression, generalized anxiety disorders, anxiety disorders, and suicide and self-harm. Data from the UK Biobank and the FinnGen project were processed by inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger regression methods. Despite certain pleiotropic risks, we found that attending religious groups was potentially associated with a reduced risk of anxiety disorders (OR = 0.213, p = .028). The pleiotropies were largely controlled and the effect on anxiety disorders became more significant in our sensitivity analysis (OR = 0.162; p = .006). Additionally, attending religious groups was associated with a reduced risk of suicide and self-harm (OR = 0.231, p = .0006). However, we did not observe any substantial protection against depression. In conclusion, our study adds to the existing literature and sheds light on the potential health benefits of religious activities from a novel perspective.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Sørensen, Torgeir, et al.
(författare)
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The Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire in the Norwegian Context : Relations to Mental Health, Quality of Life, and Self-Efficacy
- 2019
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Ingår i: The international journal for the psychology of religion. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1050-8619 .- 1532-7582. ; 29:1, s. 32-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (SoMe) offers dimensional measures of meaningfulness, crisis of meaning, and 26 sources of meaning. It allows for a clearer understanding of the variety of existential orientations, which are known to be linked to both mental and physical health. The Norwegian version of the SoMe was validated by testing 925 randomly selected individuals who were representative for the Norwegian population. Reliability scores were satisfactory; factor analyses suggested a 6-factor structure of the sources of meaning scales. Expected patterns of associations with mental health and quality-of-life factors attested the instrument's construct validity: Meaningfulness showed positive relationships to all quality-of-life factors. There was no relationship with anxiety but negative relationships with depression and distress. Crisis of meaning established a strong positive relationship with anxiety, depression, and distress and a negative relationship with quality-of-life factors. Criterion validity was documented by expected differences in meaningfulness and crisis of meaning between groups with and without presence of depression disorder. Self-efficacy correlated strongly with sources of meaning from the dimension "accomplishment" and moderately negatively with sources of meaning from the dimension "vertical selftranscendence."
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| 8. |
- Tilander, Åke, 1962-
(författare)
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Alternatives to Dechonchy's `Constants'
- 1991
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Ingår i: The international journal for the psychology of religion. - Hillsdale, N.J. : Erlbaum. - 1050-8619 .- 1532-7582. ; 1:1, s. 23-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Hermanson, Jan
(författare)
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Aspects in Context
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. - 1050-8619. ; 12:3, s. 201-204
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The review highlights the new sources for the understanding of the shifting factors that have shaped the establishment and further development of the psychology of religion internationally.
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