| 1. |
- Agate, B., et al.
(författare)
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Portable ultrafast blue light sources designed with frequency doubling in KTP and KNbO3
- 2004
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 10:6, s. 1268-1276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate an effective means of achieving compact, truly portable, and entirely self-contained ultrafast blue light sources. Using a variety of nonlinear media to achieve simple second-harmonic generation of a femtosecond Cr:LiSAF laser, we investigate the relative merits of aperiodically poled bulk and waveguide nonlinear crystals in comparison to periodically poled structures. Such a compact and convenient source of ultrashort laser pulses in the blue spectral region could be of great interest for on-site applications spanning a host of disciplines, such as biomedical imaging, optical micromanipulation, and high-resolution spectroscopy.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Broeke, Ronald G., et al.
(författare)
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Optical-CDMA in InP
- 2007
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 13:5, s. 1497-1507
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the InP platforms for photonic integration and the development on these platforms of an optical code division multiple access (O-CDMA) system for local area networks. We demonstrate three building blocks of this system: an optical pulse source, an encoder/decoder pair, and a threshold detector. The optical pulse source consists of an integrated colliding pulse-mode laser with nearly transform-limited 10 Gb/s pulses and optical injection locking to an external clock for synchronization. The encoder/decoder pair is based on arrayed waveguide gratings. Bit-error-rate measurements involving six users at 10 Gb/s showed error-free transmission, while O-CDMA codes were calibrated using frequency resolved optical gating. For threshold detection after the decoder, we compared two Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI)-based optical thresholding schemes and present results on a new type of electroabsorber-based MZI.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Chacinski, Marek, et al.
(författare)
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100 Gb/s ETDM Transmitter Module
- 2010
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 16:5, s. 1321-1327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Components of a 100 Gb/s transmitter with electrical time-division multiplexing are presented as following: electrical multiplexer, driver amplifier, and large-bandwidth distributed feedback-traveling-wave electro-absorption modulator module. The performance of the parts of the transmitter, as well as the complete chain, is investigated for data operation and transmission in future 100 Gb/s Ethernet (100GbE). Clearly open eye diagrams at 100 Gb/s are demonstrated together with data transmission over 300 m long standard single mode fiber link.
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| 6. |
- Chen, Biao, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient and fine scheduling algorithm for bandwidth allocation in Ethernet passive optical networks
- 2006
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 12:4, s. 653-660
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel fine scheduling algorithm is introduced for upstream bandwidth allocation in an Ethernet-based passive optical network. This scheduling algorithm consists of an inter optical network unit (ONU) scheduler at the optical line terminal (OLT) and an intra-ONU scheduler at each ONU. In the inter-ONU scheduling, a novel GATE/REPORT approach is introduced to eliminate the unused remainders without transmission delay and maximize the utilization of bandwidth. Our novel intra-ONU scheduler gives fair bandwidth allocation to the queues of different priorities for each user in a hierarchical and decentralized way. Numerical results have shown that our overall scheduling algorithm can fulfill various requirements of delay and throughput for the transmission of multimedia traffic for each end user..
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| 7. |
- Chen, Lawrence R., et al.
(författare)
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The Editorial
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1558-4542 .- 1077-260X. ; 29:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Photonic signal processing is a broad and multi-disciplinary field, bringing together topics from physics, materials, and devices; communications, signal processing, and information theory; neuroscience; quantum information science; linear and nonlinear science; computing; and ultrafast science.
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| 8. |
- Dai, Daoxin, et al.
(författare)
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Elimination of multimode effects in a silicon-on-insulator etched diffraction grating demultiplexer with bi-level taper structure
- 2005
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 11:2, s. 439-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multimode effects in the free propagation region (FPR) of an etched diffraction grating (EDG) demultiplexer based on silicon-on-insulator are analyzed. The insertion loss and the crosstalk increase due to these undesired multimode effects. A bi-level taper structure between the FPR and the input/output waveguides is proposed. It is shown that such a taper structure can reduce the multimode effects to an almost negligible level. At the same time, the 3-dB passband width is enlarged by increasing the rib width. No additional fabrication process is needed for an EDG with such a design.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Dodabalapur, A, et al.
(författare)
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Resonators and materials for organic lasers based on energy transfer
- 1998
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 4:1, s. 67-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optically pumped lasers have been fabricated with organic/polymeric materials capable of charge transport. The active materials employed are doped films with small molecule hosts and dye, oligomer, and conjugated polymer emitters, In these materials, the excited states created in the host are transferred nonradiatively to the guest molecules which are the emitters, This energy transfer results in very low absorption losses at the emission wavelength and relatively low-threshold powers for the onset of stimulated emission. Such gain media have been successfully included in many types of resonators including whispering-gallery mode, photonic bandgap, and distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) based resonators. A number of novel patterning and fabrication procedures have been developed for organic-based lasers.
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| 11. |
- Eichhorn, Marc, et al.
(författare)
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Spectroscopic Foundations of Lasers : Spontaneous Emission Into a Resonator Mode
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 21:1, s. 9000216-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review the physics underlying the process of spontaneous emission, with a special focus on spontaneous emission into a resonator mode. We define the mode volume, verify the fundamental modal dimensions, present the spectral mode profile, the coherence time, the Q-factor, the Fuchtbauer-Ladenburg equation, and the Purcell factor, and discuss their influence on different types of lasers. We obtain the relation between peak emission cross section, radiative lifetime, and emission linewidth. By interpreting spontaneous emission as stimulated emission driven by vacuum fluctuations, we derive the spontaneous-emission rate into a resonator mode and establish physical expressions for the fractions of spontaneous emission and total decay from the upper laser level into this mode. Furthermore, we discuss coupling of the atomic system with the coherent field inside a lasing resonator mode, resulting in the formation of a Mollow triplet, and demonstrate that it leads to a reduction of the spontaneous-emission rate by a factor of 2.
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| 12. |
- Enejder, Annika, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy of Cellular Lipid Storage
- 2010
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1558-4542 .- 1077-260X. ; 16:3, s. 506-515
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the increasing number of studies using nonlinear microscopy in the biosciences, an awareness for the potentials of nonlinear optics has begun to emerge among a broader audience. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is one of the most technically challenging methods in this category, forming images of molecular distributions based on their vibrations by a multiphoton interaction process. The primary strength of CARS microscopy lies in the ability of imaging lipids; the full 3-D distribution in living cells can be mapped without exogenous tags. Thus, CARS microscopy has a strong potential to become a central instrument for in vivo studies of the lipid metabolism at cellular level, improving present understanding of the mechanisms behind the many metabolism-related diseases, the impact of natural bioactive components in foods, and supporting the development of efficient pharmaceuticals as well as bioengineering processes exploiting the metabolism of microorganisms for the production of alternative energy sources. We illustrate this wide range of biological applications of CARS microscopy with a series of examples from our research.
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| 13. |
- Errando-Herranz, Carlos, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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MEMS for Photonic Integrated Circuits
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - : IEEE Press. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 26:2, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The field of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) for photonic integrated circuits (PICs) is reviewed. This field leverages mechanics at the nanometer to micrometer scale to improve existing components and introduce novel functionalities in PICs. This review covers the MEMS actuation principles and the mechanical tuning mechanisms for integrated photonics. The state of the art of MEMS tunable components in PICs is quantitatively reviewed and critically assessed with respect to suitability for large-scale integration in existing PIC technology platforms. MEMS provide a powerful approach to overcome current limitations in PIC technologies and to enable a new design dimension with a wide range of applications.
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| 14. |
- Fan, Yuchuan, et al.
(författare)
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Feedforward Neural Network-Based EVM Estimation : Impairment Tolerance in Coherent Optical Systems
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 28:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Error vector magnitude (EVM) is commonly used for evaluating the quality of m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (mQAM) signals. Recently proposed deep learning techniques for EVM estimation extend the functionality of conventional optical performance monitoring (OPM). In this article, we evaluate the tolerance of our developed EVM estimation scheme against various impairments in coherent optical systems. In particular, we analyze the signal quality monitoring capabilities in the presence of residual in-phase/quadrature (IQ) imbalance, fiber nonlinearity, and laser phase noise. We use feedforward neural networks (FFNNs) to extract the EVM information from amplitude histograms of 100 symbols per IQ cluster signal sequence captured before carrier phase recovery. We perform simulations of the considered impairments, along with an experimental investigation of the impact of laser phase noise. To investigate the tolerance of the EVM estimation scheme to each impairment type, we compare the accuracy for three training methods: 1) training without impairment, 2) training one model for all impairments, and 3) training an independent model for each impairment. Results indicate a good generalization of the proposed EVM estimation scheme, thus providing a valuable reference for developing next-generation intelligent OPM systems.
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| 15. |
- Forsberg, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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CMOS-integrated Si/SiGe quantum-well infrared microbolometer focal plane arrays manufactured with very large-scale heterogeneous 3-d integration
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 0792-1233 .- 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 21:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate infrared focal plane arrays utilizing monocrystalline silicon/silicon-germanium (Si/SiGe) quantum-well microbolometers that are heterogeneously integrated on top of CMOS-based electronic read-out integrated circuit substrates. The microbolometers are designed to detect light in the long wavelength infrared (LWIR) range from 8 to 14 μm and are arranged in focal plane arrays consisting of 384 × 288 microbolometer pixels with a pixel pitch of 25 μm × 25 μm. Focal plane arrays with two different microbolometer designs have been implemented. The first is a conventional single-layer microbolometer design and the second is an umbrella design in which the microbolometer legs are placed underneath the microbolometer membrane to achieve an improved pixel fill-factor. The infrared focal plane arrays are vacuum packaged using a CMOS compatible wafer bonding and sealing process. The demonstrated heterogeneous 3-D integration and packaging processes are implemented at wafer-level and enable independent optimization of the CMOS-based integrated circuits and the microbolometer materials. All manufacturing is done using standard semiconductor and MEMS processes, thus offering a generic approach for integrating CMOS-electronics with complex miniaturized transducer elements
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| 16. |
- Gao, Jitao, et al.
(författare)
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Elliptical-Core Highly Nonlinear Few-Mode Fiber Based OXC for WDM-MDM Networks
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1558-4542 .- 1077-260X. ; 27:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to realize an optical cross-connect (OXC) converting wavelengths and spatial modes into one-dimensional switching ports, we propose an active mode selective conversion without parasitic wavelength conversion, based on the intermodal four-wave mixing (FWM) arising in a few-mode fiber (FMF). First, we design a dispersion-engineered elliptical-core highly nonlinear FMF (e-HNL-FMF) with a graded refractive index (RI) profile, which can independently guide 3 linearly polarized (LP) spatial modes. Meanwhile, a high doping concentration of germanium in the core leads to relatively high intermodal nonlinear coefficients of 3.23 (W·km)-1 between LP01 and LP11a modes and 3.14 (W·km)-1 between LP01 and LP11b modes. Next, we propose an e-HNL-FMF based OXC scheme for wavelength division multiplexing-mode division multiplexing (WDM-MDM) networks. After optimizing both the e-HNL-FMF length and pump power, we can realize either active mode selective conversion over the designated wavelength-band or three-wavelength to three-mode superchannel conversion for 100 Gbaud 16-quadratic-amplitude modulation (16-QAM) signals over the C-band. Due to excellent characteristics of the e-HNL-FMF, both cost and configuration complexity of the OXC can be reduced, showing great potentials for all-optical signal processing in the future WDM-MDM networks.
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| 17. |
- Gao, S. M., et al.
(författare)
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Polarization-Independent Wavelength Conversion Using an Angled-Polarization Pump in a Silicon Nanowire Waveguide
- 2010
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 16:1, s. 250-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A proposal for polarization-independent wavelength conversion is presented based on four-wave mixing in a silicon nanowire waveguide using an angled-polarization pump. The principle of polarization independence is introduced and the theoretical model is established. The optimized incident pump polarization angle is obtained for different waveguide geometries, and a polarization-independent bandwidth of 64 nm is achieved with the efficiency fluctuation of less than 1 dB in a 285 nm x 650 nm silicon waveguide. The polarization-independent bandwidth is limited by the larger one of the TE- and TM-mode phase mismatches, and can be enhanced further by carefully tailoring the dispersion characteristics of the silicon nanowire waveguide.
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| 18. |
- Haglund, Emanuel, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Silicon-Integrated Hybrid-Cavity 850-nm VCSELs by Adhesive Bonding: Impact of Bonding Interface Thickness on Laser Performance
- 2017
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1558-4542 .- 1077-260X. ; 23:6, s. 1700109-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of bonding interface thickness on the performance of 850-nm silicon-integrated hybrid-cavity vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (HC-VCSELs) is investigated. The HC-VCSEL is constructed by attaching a III–V “half-VCSEL” to a dielectric distributed Bragg reflector on a Si substrate using ultrathin divinylsiloxane-bis-benzocyclobutene (DVS-BCB) adhesive bonding. The thickness of the bonding interface, defined by the DVS-BCB layer together with a thin SiO2 layer on the “half-VCSEL,” can be used to tailor the performance, for e.g., maximum output power or modulation speed at a certain temperature, or temperature-stable performance. Here, we demonstrate an optical output power of 2.3 and 0.9 mW, a modulation bandwidth of 10.0 and 6.4 GHz, and error-free data transmission up to 25 and 10 Gb/s at an ambient temperature of 25 and 85 °C, respectively. The thermal impedance is found to be unaffected by the bonding interface thickness.
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| 19. |
- Heinz, D., et al.
(författare)
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GaInN Quantum Wells as Optochemical Transducers for Chemical Sensors and Biosensors
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1558-4542 .- 1077-260X. ; 23:2, s. 15-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, investigations on gallium indium nitride (GaInN) quantum well structures as optochemical transducers in (bio) chemical sensing are presented. In contrast to the conventional electrical read-out of III-nitride-based sensors, a purely optical photoluminescence read-out is performed. A significant spectral shift of the quantum well photoluminescence is observed with varying surface modification. The spectral photoluminescence shift can be attributed to an externally induced quantum confined Stark effect caused by the adsorbed species deposited on the quantum well surface. In order to improve the sensitivity of the transducer elements, different chemical surface treatments are studied. In particular, optical sensing experiments with reducing and oxidizing gases are performed in order to investigate the quantum well photoluminescence response. Additionally, optical investigations of the iron-storage molecule ferritinwith varying iron load are presented. The iron load of this molecule is generally considered as a superior biomarker for severe illnesses, such as Alzheimer's disease. In contrast to conventional fluorescent labels, GaInN quantum wells provide a much more stable luminescence signal, and hence, are promising candidates for next generation bioanalytical sensor structures.
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| 20. |
- Ignell, Rickard
(författare)
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3D-Printed Fluorescence Hyperspectral Lidar for Monitoring Tagged Insects
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 28
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insects play crucial roles in ecosystems, and how they disperse within their habitat has significant implications for our daily life. Examples include foraging ranges for pollinators, as well as the spread of disease vectors and pests. Despite technological advances with radio tags, isotopes, and genetic sequencing, insect dispersal and migration range remain challenging to study. The gold standard method of mark-recapture is tedious and inefficient. This paper demonstrates the construction of a compact, inexpensive hyperspectral fluorescence lidar. The system is based on off-the-shelf components and 3D printing. After evaluating the performance of the instrument in the laboratory, we demonstrate its efficient range-resolved fluorescence spectra in situ. We present daytime remote ranging and fluorescent identification of auto-powder-tagged honey bees. We also showcase range-, temporally- and spectrally-resolved free-flying mosquitoes, which were tagged through feeding on fluorescent-dyed sugar water. We conclude that violet light can efficiently excite administered sugar meals imbibed by flying insects. Our field experiences provide realistic expectations of signal-to-noise levels, which can be used in future studies. The technique is generally applicable and can efficiently monitor several tagged insect groups in parallel for comparative ecological analysis. This technique opens up a range of ecological experiments, which were previously unfeasible.
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| 21. |
- Jansson, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
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First Polarimetric Investigation of Malaria Mosquitos as Lidar Targets
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 25:1, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, we use a novel spectral polarimetric optical tomographic imaging goniometer (SPOTIG) to investigate the scattering properties of Anopheles malaria mosquitoes to aid in their detection and identification in entomological lidar applications. Mosquitoes were mounted on a turn table, on which they were illuminated from different angles with linearly polarized near infrared light and rotated. Thus, aspect-dependent optical cross sections were retrieved in backscatter and extinction mode. The backscattering and extinction properties of male and female mosquitoes were further condensed into a pair of parameters. We investigate the wings and bodies of mosquitoes together and independently, and conclude that the wings of mosquitoes strongly scatter copolarized light and that the degree of linear polarization of light scattered by insect bodies is independent of the aspect. In lidar measurements, light scattered by insect wings can be separated from light scattered by insect bodies due to the oscillatory wing beats. Therefore, obtaining the scattering properties of bodies and wings independently is of particular interest. Finally, we conclude that 808 nm light is well suited for detecting specular reflexes produced by Anopheles wings, which has large implications for the design of entomological lidar instruments used to study malaria mosquitoes.
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| 22. |
- Ji, C., et al.
(författare)
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Monolithically integrated InP-based photonic chip development for O-CDMA systems
- 2005
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 11:1, s. 66-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses photonic integration efforts toward developing an InP-based inonolithically integrated photonic chip for optical code-division multiple-access (O-CDMA) system applications. The chip design includes the colliding pulsed mode (CPM) locked laser, the. Mach-Zehnder interferometer-based threshold detector (MZI), and the monolithic O-CDMA encoder/decoder chip based on array-waveguide-gratings and phase modulator arrays. The compact 4 x I cm monolithic chip can replace a complex and large O-CDMA setup based on bulk optics. The integration technique involves active-passive integration using dry etching, metal organic chemical vapor deposition growth, and lateral hydride vapor phase epitaxy regrowth technologies. The fabricated CPM showed stable 1.54 ps modelocked laser output, the MZI showed excellent O-CDMA threshold detection, and the O-CDMA encoder showed Walsh-code O-CDMA, encoding. Further, the fabricated devices showed excellent planarity, which accelerate our progress toward monolithic integration of O-CDMA systems.
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| 23. |
- Kataria, Himanshu, et al.
(författare)
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Simple Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth Process as a Strategy for Photonic Integration on Silicon
- 2014
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 20:4, s. 8201407-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we propose a strategy to achieve monolithic integration of III-Vs on Si for photonic integration through a simple process. By mimicking the SiO2/Si/SiO2 waveguide necessary to couple light from the gain medium on its top, we adopt a similar to 2 mu m thick silicon dioxide mask for epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELOG) of InP on Si. The ELOG InP layer as wells as the subsequently grown quantum wells (similar to 1. 55 mu m) have been analyzed by photoluminescence and transmission electron microscopy and found to have high optical quality and very good interface. The studies are strategically important for a monolithic platform that holds great potential in addressing the future need to have an integrated platform consisting of both III-Vs and Si on same chip.
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| 24. |
- Korkishko, Y. N., et al.
(författare)
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The SHG-response of different phases in proton exchanged lithium niobate waveguides
- 2000
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 6:1, s. 132-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reflection second-harmonic generation from the polished waveguide end face is used to investigate the second-order nonlinear optical properties of as-exchanged and annealed proton-exchanged (PE) waveguides in different HxLi1-xNbO3 phases. A detailed correlation is done between the nonlinear properties, the processing conditions, the refractive index changes, and the optical losses of the waveguides. It is found that for the direct PE samples, where the beta(4), beta(3), and beta(1) phases are generated at the surface, the nonlinearity in the guide is strongly reduced by more than 85% of its bulk value, while for waveguides prepared in the beta(2) phase, the nonlinear coefficient is about 55% of the bulk one. A consequence is that the step-like beta(i)-phase PE LiNbO3 waveguides with large refractive index increase are advantageous for efficient SHG in Cherenkov configuration. The nonlinearity, strongly reduced after the initial proton exchange, is found to be restored and even increased after annealing, However, this apparent increase of the nonlinearity is accompanied by a strong degradation of the quality of the second-harmonic generation reflected beam in the region of initial waveguides due to beam scattering. The graded proton exchange technique and dilute melt proton exchange have been shown to produce high-quality waveguides with essentially undergraded nonlinear optical properties. It has been also shown that the nonlinear properties of annealed proton exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides can be effectively recovered by the reverse proton exchange technique, The results obtained are important for the design, fabrication, and optimizing of guided-wave nonlinear optical devices in LiNbO3.
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| 25. |
- Lapisa, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Wafer-Level Heterogeneous Integration for MOEMS, MEMS, and NEMS
- 2011
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 17:3, s. 629-644
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wafer-level heterogeneous integration technologies for microoptoelectromechanical systems (MOEMS), microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) enable the combination of dissimilar classes of materials and components into single systems. Thus, high-performance materials and subsystems can be combined in ways that would otherwise not be possible, and thereby forming complex and highly integrated micro-or nanosystems. Examples include the integration of high-performance optical, electrical or mechanical materials such as monocrystalline silicon, graphene or III-V materials with integrated electronic circuits. In this paper the state-of-the-art of wafer-level heterogeneous integration technologies suitable for MOEMS, MEMS, and NEMS devices are reviewed. Various heterogeneous MOEMS, MEMS, and NEMS devices that have been described in literature are presented.
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| 26. |
- Larsson, Anders, 1957
(författare)
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Advances in VCSELs for communication and sensing
- 2011
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1558-4542 .- 1077-260X. ; 17:6, s. 1552-1567
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) has become a light source of great importance for industrial and consumer applications. This includes communication and sensing in particular, where dynamics and optical mode behavior are key performance characteristics. This tutorial treats relevant VCSEL basics, performance requirements and recent progress towards higher speed, higher single mode power and polarization control.
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| 27. |
- Li, Qiang, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Demonstration of Plasmon Propagation, Coupling, and Splitting in Silver Nanowire at 1550-nm Wavelength
- 2011
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 17:4, s. 1107-1111
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We experimentally demonstrate silver-nanowire-based plasmonic devices including the nanowaveguide, the nanocoupler, and the nanosplitter at optical communication wavelength of 1550 nm. The plasmon propagation loss in a 300-nm diameter silver nanowire is measured to be 0.3 dB/mu m and the effective propagation length is 14.5 mu m. This loss is comparatively lower than that at 980 nm. Two types of plasmonic functional devices based on the coupling between two silver nanowires, nanocouplers, and nanosplitters, are realized. For the nanocoupler, the experimental results show that the plasmonic modes can be efficiently coupled between two closely positioned nanowires. While for the nanosplitter, the plasmonic mode is split with a power ratio of 2.6:1. These demonstrations experimentally prove the feasibility of extending the operating wavelength of silver-nanowire-based plasmonic devices to current optical communication wavelength with a lower loss, which are thus important steps for potentially utilizing low-loss nanowire-based plasmonic components for photonic integrated circuits.
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| 28. |
- Li, Qiang, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental demonstration of plasmon propagation, coupling, and splitting in silver nanowire at 1550-nm wavelength
- 2011
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - : IEEE. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 17:4, s. 1107-1111
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We experimentally demonstrate silver-nanowire-based plasmonic devices including the nanowaveguide, the nanocoupler, and the nanosplitter at optical communication wavelength of 1550 nm. The plasmon propagation loss in a 300-nm diameter silver nanowire is measured to be 0.3 dB/μm and the effective propagation length is 14.5 μm. This loss is comparatively lower than that at 980 nm. Two types of plasmonic functional devices based on the coupling between two silver nanowires, nanocouplers, and nanosplitters, are realized. For the nanocoupler, the experimental results show that the plasmonic modes can be efficiently coupled between two closely positioned nanowires. While for the nanosplitter, the plasmonic mode is split with a power ratio of 2.6:1. These demonstrations experimentally prove the feasibility of extending the operating wavelength of silver-nanowire-based plasmonic devices to current optical communication wavelength with a lower loss, which are thus important steps for potentially utilizing low-loss nanowire-based plasmonic components for photonic integrated circuits.
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| 29. |
- Lindberg, H., et al.
(författare)
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Thermal management of optically pumped long-wavelength InP-based semiconductor disk lasers
- 2005
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 11:5, s. 1126-1134
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed a numerical model for investigating material heating and its effects on the performance of optically pumped InP-based long-wavelength semiconductor disk lasers. Material heating and optical wavefront distortion due to thermal lensing are analyzed, and different approaches to reduce the intrinsic material heating are investigated numerically and experimentally. The results obtained indicate that material heating is significant in such lasers due to the poor thermal properties of the InP-based epitaxial layers of the gain chip. Substrate removal is shown to be an insufficient method to reduce the material heating; instead, crystalline heat spreaders bonded to the gain chip surface provide a convenient way to reduce the thermal impedance. Important parameters for such heat spreaders are a high thermal conductivity and a low thermooptic coefficient (dn / dT). With the use of a synthetic diamond heat spreader, a maximum pump limited output power of 780 mW in a near diffraction limited beam (M-2 < 1.2) was demonstrated at - 33 degrees C and 100 mW at room temperature.
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| 30. |
- Lindberg, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping Mode-Locking Regimes in a Polarization-Maintaining Er-Doped Fiber Laser
- 2018
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - : IEEE Press. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 24:3, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the performance of an all polarization-maintaining Erbium-doped fiber laser mode-locked by a multilayer graphene based saturable absorber. The cavity incorporates a Martinez-type compressor, based on a transmission grating, which allows for continuous tuning of the net cavity dispersion as well as spectral filtering. By adjusting the dispersion and the spectral bandwidth, we could operate the laser in the soliton, the dispersion managed soliton and the absorber-limited pulse regimes. The pulse durations from the laser ranged between 338 fs to 2.1 ps and the laser could be operated at nearly constant output powers in the anomalous and the normal dispersion regimes. We also conducted stability analyses based on dispersive Fourier transform measurements in the different operating regimes. Comparison of the collected spectra reveals that the soliton regime had the best overall stability.
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| 31. |
- Liu, Fangfei, et al.
(författare)
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Optically Tunable Delay Line in Silicon Microring Resonator Based on Thermal Nonlinear Effect
- 2008
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 14:3, s. 706-712
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We experimentally demonstrate optically tunable delay fine in a silicon microring resonator with a 20-mu m radius. The delay-tuning mechanism is based on the red shift of the resonance induced by thermal nonlinear effect. We investigate the delay performance of three modulation formats-non-return-to-zero (NRZ), return-to-zero (RZ), and differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) signals at different data rates. Tunable delay is achieved by controlling the power of the continuous-wave (CW) pump with very low tuning threshold, which could be used in microring-resonator-based slow-light structure.
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| 32. |
- Lourdudoss, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Hydride vapor phase epitaxy revisited
- 1997
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 3:3, s. 749-767
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 33. |
- Lynch, S.A., et al.
(författare)
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Toward silicon-based lasers for terahertz sources
- 2006
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 12:6, s. 1570-1577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Producing an electrically pumped silicon-based laser at terahertz frequencies is gaining increased attention these days. This paper reviews the recent advances in the search for a silicon-based terahertz laser. Topics covered include resonant tunneling in p-type Si/SiGe, terahertz intersubband electroluminescence from quantum cascade structures, intersubband lifetime measurements in Si/SiGe quantum wells, enhanced optical guiding using buried suicide layers, and the potential for exploiting common impurity dopants in silicon such as boron and phosphorus to realize a terahertz laser. © 2006 IEEE.
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| 34. |
- Metcalf, A. J., et al.
(författare)
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High-Power Broadly Tunable Electrooptic Frequency Comb Generator
- 2013
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1558-4542 .- 1077-260X. ; 19:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Broadband traveling-wave electrooptic modulators made of lithium niobate have reached a high level of technological maturity. They can provide simultaneously low V pi, sustain high power (both optical and RF) and yet provide low propagation loss. By combining together these features, we present a high-power handling, broadly tunable, electrooptic frequency comb generator. The device produces between 60 and 75 lines within -10 dB bandwidth over its full tuning range-from 6 to 18 GHz- and can handle up to 1 W of optical input power. This optical frequency comb platform is very well suited for applications in RF photonics and optical communications that require independent RF and optical tuning as well as high-repetition rates but moderate bandwidth.
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| 35. |
- Park, Hyundai, et al.
(författare)
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Device and Integration Technology for Silicon Photonic Transmitters
- 2011
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 17:3, s. 671-688
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The device and integration technology for silicon photonic transmitters are reviewed in this paper. The hybrid silicon platform enables on-chip lasers to be fabricated with silicon photonic circuits and can be integrated in the CMOS back-end flow. Laser arrays from multiple die bonding and quantum well intermixing techniques are demonstrated to extend the spectral bandwidth from the laser array of the transmitter. Two modulator technologies, silicon modulators and hybrid silicon modulators, are also described.
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| 36. |
- Peacock, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Wavelength conversion and supercontinuum generation in silicon optical fibers
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 24:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the state of the art in wavelength conversion and supercontinuum generation using glass-clad silicon core optical fibers. Such semiconductor fibers have enjoyed considerable attention due to their intrinsically high third-order nonlinearities, which are markedly higher than in conventional infrared glasses. Results to date from small core silicon fibers fabricated using both the high-pressure chemical vapor deposition technique and the molten core drawing method are presented. Also discussed are directions for continued study and development, including engineering the dispersion and nonlinear properties as well as improved interconnection.
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| 37. |
- Peter, Yves-Alain, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction to the Issue on Nanophotonics and Optical MEMS
- 2009
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 15:5, s. 1307-1309
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 38. |
- Pollnau, Markus
(författare)
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Rare-Earth-Ion-Doped Channel Waveguide Lasers on Silicon
- 2015
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 21:1, s. 1602512-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reviews the recent developments in rare-earth-ion-doped channel waveguide lasers. Optical gain in rare-earth-ion-doped waveguides has been increased by two orders of magnitude to similar to 1000 dB/cm and waveguide lasers with extremely high slope efficiencies and output powers exceeding the Watt level have been demonstrated. Of particular interest in integrated optics is the recent integration of rare-earth-ion-doped channel waveguide lasers in amorphous materials directly deposited on a silicon substrate. Remarkable performance with respect to slope efficiency, output power, and laser linewidth has been achieved.
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| 39. |
- Qian, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Quantum-Dots-Doped ORMOSIL Nanoparticles as Optical Probes for Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Imaging of Cancer Cells
- 2009
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 15:5, s. 1374-1379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the novel use of organically modified silica (ORMOSIL) nanoparticles to encapsulate hydrophobic quantum dots (QDs), thus making them hydrophilic and yet maintaining stable optical properties. QDs are resistant to photobleaching, and the cationic charge on the surfaces of the ORMOSIL nanoparticles can facilitate them being uptaken at the cell substrate regions. An objective-lens-based total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscope is used to observe the staining and dynamics of HeLa cancer cells, which have been targeted by the synthesized QD-doped ORMOSIL nanoparticles. Since the same microscope objective is used for launching the incident light beam and the collection lens, the observation and manipulation of live samples under a TIRF microscope is therefore much easier than that in the case of using the conventional prism-based TIRF setup. The present nanoparticle-assisted approach has made TIRF imaging a much more powerful tool for real-time monitoring of intracellular biological metabolic activities.
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| 40. |
- Qian, Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Using Some Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents for Optical Bioimaging
- 2010
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 16:3, s. 672-684
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of nanometric contrast agents to optical imaging is helpful for the understanding of some biological processes at the molecular level, as well as the development of diagnostic tools and therapies. Optical imaging agents such as gold nanorods (GNRs), quantum dots (QDs), and organically modified silica (ORMOSIL) nanoparticles can overcome many drawbacks of conventional agents, such as poor contrast, photobleaching, and low chemical and optical stability in biological environment. These nanoparticles can also be developed for absorbance, emission, and scattering in the near-IR region, which allows optical approaches for deep-tissue real-time imaging. The synthesis methods and optical properties of GNRs, QDs, and ORMOSIL nanoparticles are briefly introduced, and some of their applications in optical bioimaging are demonstrated. Specific targeting, "green" synthesis methods, and optical signal demodulation are also introduced.
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| 41. |
- Qiu, Min, et al.
(författare)
-
Wave propagation through a photonic crystal in a negative phase refractive-index region
- 2003
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 9:1, s. 106-110
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The wave propagation through a photonic crystal with a triangular lattice of air holes realized in the InP-InGaAsP heterostructure are studied theoretically for the transverse magnetic modes. The photonic crystal possesses a negative refractive index, and the self-focus of the beam is successfully observed. The weak side beams are observed due to high-order Bloch waves in the photonic crystal. The coupling efficiency for the outgoing waves to a waveguide is also studied.
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| 42. |
- Sehati, Parisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy-Level Alignment at Metal-Organic and Organic-Organic Interfaces in Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells
- 2010
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 16:6, s. 1718-1724
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements in combination with the integer charge transfer (ICT) model is used to obtain the energy-level alignment diagrams for two common types of bulk-heterojunction solar cell devices based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) or poly(2-methoxy-5-(3,7 -dimethyloctyloxy)- 1,4-phenylene vinylene) as the donor polymer and (6,6)phenyl- C61-butric-acid as the acceptor molecule. A ground-state interface dipole at the donor/acceptor heterojunction is present for both systems, but the origin of the interface dipole differs, quadrupole-induced in the case of poly(2-methoxy-5-(3,7-dimethyl-octyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene), and ICT state based for poly(3-hexylthiophene). The presence of bound electron-hole charge carriers (CT states) and/or interface dipoles are expected to enhance exciton dissociation into free charge carriers, thus reducing the probability that charges become trapped by Coulomb forces at the interface followed by recombination.
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| 43. |
- Sennaroglu, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Introduction to the Special Issue on Solid-State Lasers
- 2018
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 24:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 44. |
- Sheng, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparative Study of Losses in Ultrasharp Silicon-on-Insulator Nanowire Bends
- 2009
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 15:5, s. 1406-1412
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultrasharp silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanowire bends (with a bending radius of R < 2 mu m) are analyzed numerically. It is shown that the calculated bending losses for ultrasharp bends are overestimated when using a modal analysis method based on finite-difference method. In this case, reliable estimation of the bending loss can be made with a 3-D finite-difference time-domain (3-D-FDTD) method. By using 3-D-FDTD simulation, the losses in SOI nanowire bends with different structures and parameters are studied. By increasing the core width or height of the waveguide, one can reduce the bending loss at longer wavelengths for TE mode while the bending performance at shorter wavelengths degrades due to the multimode effect. Increasing the core height is much more effective to reduce the bending loss of TM mode than increasing core width. The relationship between the intrinsic Q-factor of a microring resonator and the bending radius is also obtained.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Song, Jinxiang, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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Model-Based End-to-End Learning for WDM Systems With Transceiver Hardware Impairments
- 2022
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1558-4542 .- 1077-260X. ; 28:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose an AE-based transceiver for a WDM system impaired by hardware imperfections. We design our AE following the architecture of conventional communication systems. This enables to initialize the AE-based transceiver to have similar performance to its conventional counterpart prior to training and improves the training convergence rate. We first train the AE in a single-channel system, and show that it achieves performance improvements by putting energy outside the desired bandwidth, and therefore cannot be used for a WDM system. We then train the AE in a WDM setup. Simulation results show that the proposed AE significantly outperforms the conventional approach. More specifically, it increases the spectral efficiency of the considered system by reducing the guard band by 37% and 50% for a root-raised-cosine filter-based matched filter with 10% and 1% roll-off, respectively. An ablation study indicates that the performance gain can be ascribed to the optimization of the symbol mapper, the pulse-shaping filter, and the symbol demapper. Finally, we use reinforcement learning to learn the pulse-shaping filter under the assumption that the channel model is unknown. Simulation results show that the reinforcement-learning-based algorithm achieves similar performance to the standard supervised end-to-end learning approach assuming perfect channel knowledge.
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| 48. |
|
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| 49. |
- Sun, Xu, et al.
(författare)
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Nanoscale Surface Plasmon Polariton Disk Resonators, a Theoretical Analysis
- 2016
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - : IEEE. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 22:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze whispering gallery-type disk resonators with radii down to 50 nm. Single interface waveguiding is accomplished by a plasmonic-dielectric interface operating near the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) resonance, employing a hypothetical material with lower loss than what is currently available in metals or negative permittivity media. The disk is immersed in a second dielectric, nonresonant to the plasmonic medium. Due to the high effective index of the disk mode and the concomitant low radiation losses, the quality (Q) values of the resonator are solely determined by material losses, in contrast to more conventional nanoscale resonators. We calculate the dependence of the effective indices of the guided mode, the Q values of absorption and radiation, and the Purcell factor on the deviation from the SPP resonance.
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| 50. |
- Tong, Zhi, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Ultra-low-noise, Broadband Phase-Sensitive Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications
- 2012
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1558-4542 .- 1077-260X. ; 18:2, s. 1016-1032
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Frequency non-degenerate phase-sensitive amplifiers (PSAs) have the potential to realize broadband and noiseless amplification. However the rigorous requirement of phase- and wavelength-locking of the input waves has significantly hampered their progress. In this paper, we review recent research on this type of optical amplifier. This work is based on a copier-PSA scheme, which consists of a parametric phase-insensitive copier followed by one or more PSAs. Broadband gain and noise performance of a fiber-based non-degenerate PSA has been characterized, both theoretically and experimentally. A record-low 1.1 dB noise figure was measured at > 26 dB gain, and a clear phase dependent gain was observed. Moreover, potential applications including phase noise squeezing and ultra-low noise, multi-channel and modulation-format-transparent linear amplification with up to 6 dB link noise figure advantage over conventional EDFA-amplified links have been experimentally demonstrated. The prospects and practical challenges of this intriguing amplification technology are also discussed
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