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1.	Abelsson, Anna, et al. (författare) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality during CPR practice versus during a simulated life-saving event 2018 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 24:4, s. 652-655 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Introduction. As a part of the emergency medical services, the Swedish fire brigade can increase the survival rate in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests.Aim. To compare the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed by firefighters at a routine CPR practice versus when involved in a simulated life-saving event.Methods. In this study, 80 firefighters divided into two groups performed CPR according to guidelines: one group indoors during a routine training session; the other group outdoors during a smoke diving exercise wearing personal protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.Results. The results showed a tendency for the outdoor group to perform CPR with better ventilation and compression quality, as compared to the indoor group. The ventilation of the manikin was not hampered by the firefighters wearing personal protective clothes and self-contained breathing apparatus, as the Swedish firefighters remove their facial mask and ventilate the patient with their mouth using a pocket mask.Conclusions. Overall, the results in both groups showed a high quality of CPR which can be related to the fire brigade training and education traditions. CPR training is regularly performed, which in turn helps to maintain CPR skills.
2.	Abelsson, Anna, et al. (författare) Simulation as a means to develop firefighters as emergency care professionals 2019 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 25:4, s. 650-657 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the simulated emergency care performed by firefighters and their perception of simulation as an educational method.METHODS: This study had a mixed method with both a quantitative and a qualitative approach. Data were collected by simulation assessment, a questionnaire, and written comments. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the quantitative data whereas a qualitative content analysis was conducted on the qualitative data. Finally, a contingent analysis was used where a synthesis configured both the quantitative and the qualitative results into a narrative result.RESULTS: The cognitive workload that firefighters face during simulated emergency care is crucial for learning. In this study, the severity and complexity of the scenarios provided were higher than expected by the firefighters. Clearly stated conditions for the simulation and constructive feedback were considered positive for learning. Patient actors induced realism in the scenario, increasing the experience of stress, in comparison to a manikin.CONCLUSION: To simulate in a realistic on-scene environment increases firefighters' cognitive ability to critically analyze problems and manage emergency care. Simulation of emergency care developed the firefighters as professionals.
3.	af Wåhlberg, Anders, 1965- (författare) Driver celeration behavior and the prediction of traffic accidents 2006 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 12:3, s. 281-296 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A study was undertaken to investigate whether driver celeration (overall mean speed change) behavior can predict traffic accident involvement. Also, to test whether acceleration, deceleration or the combined celeration measure was the better predictor. Bus driver celeration behavior was measured repeatedly in real traffic, driving en route, and correlated with accidents for which the drivers were deemed at least partly responsible. Correlations around. 20 were found in several samples between celeration behavior and culpable accidents for a 2-year period. The results show that although celeration behavior is only semi-stable over time, it predicts with some accuracy individual accident involvement over 2 years. The predictive power of acceleration and deceleration was slightly lower than the combined measure, in accordance with theory. The correlations found were strong enough to warrant the use of celeration behavior as a predictive variable for transportation companies in their safety work.
4.	af Wåhlberg, Anders E. (författare) Environmental determinants of celeration behaviour 2015 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 21:1, s. 71-79 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Celeration (speed change) behaviour of drivers has been posited to be the best predictor of their traffic accident involvement. The origins of this behaviour, however, have not been specified. A model is therefore introduced, where celeration is partly due to the individual disposition of the driver (i.e., driving style), and partly to the environment (road layout, rules and traffic density). Three measurement problems for celeration were studied; the effect of traffic density, of regular versus irregular routes, and weight of the vehicle (loaded/unloaded) on celeration behaviour. Two small samples of truck drivers in Sweden were measured for several months each. There was a strong effect of vehicle load, with behaviour being more cautious with increased weight. Driving on different roads also yielded differences in behaviour, although the design used did not permit conclusions about what caused these. Traffic volume was not found to have any reliable effect on celeration.
5.	af Wåhlberg, Anders E. (författare) Long-term prediction of traffic accident record from bus driver celeration behavior 2007 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 13:2, s. 159-171 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Driver celeration (speed change) behavior of bus drivers measured a number of times was used to predict their culpable accidents over increasing time periods. It was found that predictive power was considerable (>.30 correlation) over 5 years of time with aggregated celeration (mean of repeated measurements) as independent variables, and there were also indications that power reached even further, although too low Ns made these results unreliable. Similarly, there were indications of even stronger correlations with increased aggregation of celeration values. The results were discussed in terms of the methodology needed to bring out such results, and the stability of accident-causing behavior over time.
6.	Ahlström, Christer, 1977-, et al. (författare) The effect of an active steering system on city bus drivers’ muscle activity 2019 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 25:3, s. 377-385 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract City bus drivers spend hours driving under time pressure, in congested traffic and in a monotonous sitting position. This leads to unhealthy working conditions, especially in terms of physical and psychological stress. The aim of this study is to investigate whether an active steering system can alleviate the musculoskeletal stress involved in manoeuvring a bus. Twenty bus drivers drove a city bus equipped with the Volvo dynamic steering (VDS) support system in real traffic. Steering effort was evaluated with electromyography and with a questionnaire. Compared to baseline, VDS significantly reduced the required muscle activity by on average 15–25% while turning, and up to 68% in the part of the manoeuvre requiring maximum effort. The bus drivers believed that VDS will help reduce neck and shoulder problems, and they expressed a desire to have VDS installed in their own bus.
7.	Alizadehsalehi, Sepehr, et al. (författare) The effectiveness of an integrated BIM/UAV model in managing safety on construction sites 2020 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 26:4, s. 829-844 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Introduction. A variety of approaches exist to achieve better construction safety performance, but only a few consider a combination of building information modeling (BIM) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).Method. This article presents a four-dimensional (4D) BIM/UAV-enabled safety management model based on IDEF0 language. In the first step, potential hazards are identified with the help of safety specialists’ experiences and BIM software used in the design of the structure. Then, a UAV monitors the location of the potential hazards. The third step involves the integration of the 4D BIM-based model and the information obtained from the UAV. Finally, the combined data are analyzed and interpreted, and site safety staff are notified about measures to be put in place to prevent accidents.Results. This model shows a strong relationship between the design and construction phases by using BIM in the design phase and UAVs in the construction phase. The proposed safety model was evaluated by construction safety specialists in a two-pronged approach.Conclusion. The number of fatal, non-fatal and property damage-causing accidents may be significantly lower when the proposed system was used.Practical application. This model allows safety specialists to identify hazards and develop suitable mitigation strategies.
8.	Arsalani, Narges, et al. (författare) Musculoskeletal Disorders and Working Conditions Among Iranian Nursing Personnel 2014 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 20:4, s. 671-680 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study investigated the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and associations with organizational, physical and psychosocial working conditions among 520 nursing personnel in Tehran, Iran. The results of the cross-sectional study on aids and different educational levels of nurses showed that the participants experienced 88% of MSDs in at least one body region during the past 12 months. The 3 most prevalent body regions were the low back (65.3%), knee (56.2%) and neck (49.8%). The participants reported inflexible work schedule, poor quality of devices for transferring patients, overexertion and job dissatisfaction. Physical and psychosocial exposure revealed an elevated odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of MSDs. The results showed a combination of high physical and psychosocial work demands along with low control over the work which increased work-related stress and enhanced the risk of MSDs. This study findings could help to understand work-related MSDs among nursing personnel in a developing country where the work situation and sociocultural context differ from other countries.
9.	Baltrenas, P., et al. (författare) Characteristics of the Workforce and Activity Optimization in the Building Industries of Lithuania 1996 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 2:1, s. 41-46 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The evaluation of human individual characteristics is very important for any ergotechnical system optimization, especially in occupational safety. Investigations were carried out for this purpose. An important classification of ergonomic characteristics for construction workers was prepared. The importance and relevance of the choice of those characteristics as well as their application are presented in the article.
10.	Bao, Shihan, et al. (författare) Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders at workplaces in the People's Republic of China 2000 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 6:4, s. 557-574 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper presents 2 musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire surveys in 10 different Chinese occupational groups. Data collected from 1,603 workers using a modified Nordic musculoskeletal disorders symptom questionnaire showed that the 12-month prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, particularly in the low back and shoulder-neck regions, was high at many Chinese workplaces. Significant differences existed between occupational groups. Assembly workers usually had higher neck-shoulder complaints compared to workers in most other occupations. However, the nature of assembly seemed also to influence the prevalence rate. Workers at a cassette recorder and a TV set assembly plant appeared to have more neck complaints compared with a group of thermos flask assemblers.
11.	Berglund, Leif, et al. (författare) Occupational accidents in Swedish construction trades 2021 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 27:2, s. 552-561 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The purpose of this study is to anazlye accidents occurring in the Swedish construction industry focusing specifically on the situation in the individual trades. The article includes all occupational accidents with at least one day of absence from work that were reported to the Swedish Social Insurance Agency for the year of 2016. The results, focusing on accident cause, injured body parts, as well as accidents per weekday, month and age, show that although the trades share commonalities regarding occupational accidents a number of trade-specific problem areas stand out. With this in mind, conclusions are drawn regarding the situation in each respective trade and suggestions are made for future studies focusing on accidents in construction industry trades.
12.	Blomkvist, Anna-Christina, et al. (författare) Computer usage with cold hands : an experiment with pointing devices 2000 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 6:4, s. 429-450 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Computers are used in the outdoors and in connection with cold store work. Cold hand and fingers limit data input, as studied here. Six input devices; trackballs, pens, and a mouse were tested by 19 participants in a Fitts' target acquisition task with 2 target sizes under 2 experimental conditions; warm and cold right hand. Measures were acquisition times, number of errors, participant's preferences, and observed handling of the devices. Effects of device, target size, and cold were significant. Learning and attempts to improve handgrip were confirmed. Large enough targets, a thick pen, and a mouse make computer work practicable in the cold. Direct visual feedback, as with pen on template with target images, shortened acquisition times by half a second.
13.	Blomkvist, Anna-Christin (författare) "Hypersensitivity to electricity" in the office : symptoms and improvement 1997 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 3:3-4, s. 129-140 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Nineteen persons "hypersensitive" to electricity and 20 nonafflicted persons were studied for 1 1/2 years. The most discernible hypersensitivity symptoms were pricking sensations and redness in the face, but these symptoms were present in only half of the afflicted. Other symptoms were similar to symptoms experienced during office work and this study does not support the idea that electrosensitivity is one single syndrome. The "hypersensitive" persons improved significantly, mainly on neuropsychiatric symptoms, but the skin problems sustained--as did the belief about their cause. The afflicted persons used less conventional medication than the group of the nonafflicted, which suggests a general tendency for attribution to environmental factors.
14.	Chaikumarn, Montakarn (författare) Differences in dentists' working postures when adopting proprioceptive derivation vs. conventional concept 2005 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 11:4, s. 441-9 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract New technologies and changes in dental care, including the proprioceptive derivation (Pd) concept, aimed at providing dentists with greater comfort and better health, were introduced in Thailand. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in dentists' working postures when adopting different work concepts: Pd and the conventional concept. The results showed differences in dentists' sitting posture, clock-related working positions, and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) scores. This implied that Pd helped dentists to discover new ways of positioning themselves, and working comfortably and effectively, which made it possible for them to adopt better working posture and have lower RULA scores. In conclusion, the Pd concept had a positive effect on dentists' working posture.
15.	Chaikumarn, Montakarn (författare) Working conditions and dentists' attitude towards proprioceptive derivation 2004 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 10:2, s. 137-146 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Proprioceptive derivation (Pd), a new method of organising a dentist workstation as well as a working procedure, was introduced to Thailand. The aim of this study was to assess the working conditions and the attitude to Pd among experienced users. Questionnaires were distributed among 12 dentists. The results showed that all dentists chose to work in a sitting posture and mostly worked without breaks between patients. They spent less time on dental examination and crown and bridge therapy tasks. Solving problems in patients with physical limitations resulted in a low stress level. Seven dentists (58.3%) always used Pd and liked it. Five dentists (41.7%) sometimes used Pd, with 3 of them liking it. Only 2 dentists, who sometimes used Pd, did not like it because it could not cover all dental tasks and treatment, and it was difficult and complex.
16.	Choobineh, Alireza, et al. (författare) Major health risk factors in Iranian hand-woven carpet industry 2004 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 10:1, s. 65-78 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper reviews the role and importance of small-scale industries together with the issue of occupational health problems and their causes in Iranian hand-woven carpet industry as a typical informal small-scale industry in an industrially developing country. The objective of this paper is to review health risk factors and related occupational health and ergonomic problems in the carpet industry. Since the overwhelming majority of weavers' health problems originate from ergonomic risk factors, it is concluded that any improvement program in this industry should focus on ergonomic aspects. To assess ergonomic conditions in weaving workshops, a checklist has been developed and an ergonomics index indicating the ergonomic conditions of the workshop has been proposed. To test and verify the checklist, 50 weaving workshops were visited and their ergonomic conditions were assessed. Based on the results some modifications were made and the checklist was shown to be an effective tool.
17.	Choobineh, Alireza, et al. (författare) Musculoskeletal symptoms as related to ergonomic factors in Iranian hand-woven carpet industry and general guidelines for workstation design 2004 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 10:2, s. 157-168 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Carpet weaving is a high risk occupation for developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The objectives of the present study, which was carried out in the Iranian hand-woven carpet industry, were determination of the prevalence of MSD symptoms, identification of major factors associated with MSD symptoms and development of guidelines for workstation design. 1,439 randomly selected weavers participated in this study. A questionnaire was used to collect data on MSD symptoms. The results revealed that the prevalence rates for symptoms in different body regions were high as compared to the general Iranian population (for neck, back and large joints, both p < .0001). The results of multivariate analyses showed that major ergonomic factors associated with musculoskeletal symptoms were loom type, working posture, daily working time and seat type. Based on the results, some general guidelines for designing weaving workstations were developed. A prototype test showed that the new workstation was acceptable for subject tests and that it improved working posture.
18.	Choobineh, Alireza, et al. (författare) Workstation design in carpet hand-weaving operation : Guidelines for prevention of musculoskeletal disorders 2004 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 10:4, s. 411-424 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Carpet weavers suffer from musculoskeletal problems mainly attributed to poor working postures. Their posture is mostly constrained by the design of workstations. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of 2 design parameters (weaving height and seat type) on postural variables and subjective experience, and to develop guidelines for workstation adjustments. At an experimental workstation, 30 professional weavers worked in 9 different conditions. Working posture and weavers' perceptions were measured. It was shown that head, neck and shoulder postures were influenced by weaving height. Both design parameters influenced trunk and elbows postures. The determinant factor for weavers' perception on the neck, shoulders and elbows was found to be weaving height, and on the back and knees it was seat type. Based on the results, the following guidelines were developed: (a) weaving height should be adjusted to 20 cm above elbow height; (b) a 10º forward-sloping high seat is to be used at weaving workstations.
19.	Coelho, Denis A., 1971-, et al. (författare) Psychosocial and ergonomic survey of office and field jobs in a utility company 2018 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 24:3, s. 475-486 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Introduction. The effect of different kinds of work on the psychosocial assessment of workers under the same management and organizational environment is investigated.Methods. A voluntary assessment in a utility company was carried out using the short version of the Copenhagen psychosocial questionnaire (CoPsoQ) on two occasions, 1.5 years apart. Initially, 25 office workers (11 men and 14 women) participated, while 14 of those workers (8 women and 6 men) participated in the second assessment together with 32 field workers. The sewage, water treatment and maintenance workers, totaling 32 men, also participated in a field ergonomics assessment using the Washington State Department of Labor and Industries field work ergonomic checklist.Results. The longitudinal outlook was fairly stable, with sustained severe scores in many CoPsoQ subscales and intensification of severity of workers’ control over work and esteem for men. A significantly higher esteem score resulted for field rather than office workers. Workers subjected to foul odors showed similar severity of psychosocial factors.Discussion. For most psychosocial dimensions, the organizational design and management system in place, as well as the overall cultural environment in which it operates, create a much stronger and more decisive impact than job-specific factors.
20.	Dahlqvist, Camilla, et al. (författare) The effect of two types of maximal voluntary contraction and two electrode positions in field recordings of forearm extensor muscle activity during hotel room cleaning 2020 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 26:3, s. 595-602 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose. This study aimed to investigate the effects of using hand grip or resisted wrist extension as the reference contraction, and two electrode positions, on field recordings of forearm extensor muscle activity. Materials and methods. Right forearm extensor muscle activity was recorded using two electrode pairs (over the most prominent part (position 2) and proximal to that (position 1)) during one working day in 13 female hotel housekeepers. Each subject performed the two maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs), and the electrical activity obtained during these (maximal voluntary electrical activity (MVE)) was used for normalization. Each set of recordings was analysed twice, once using hand grip as the MVC and once using resisted wrist extension. Results. Resisted wrist extension showed a higher group mean MVE than hand grip. Position 2 had higher correlation between MVE and force during the MVCs. The workload during cleaning was lower when using resisted wrist extension as reference than when using hand grip (24%MVE vs 46%MVE; p = 0.002 at position 2) for the 90th percentile. The workload (99th percentile) was overestimated in two subjects when using hand grip as reference. Conclusions. Problems associated with poorly activated forearm extensors can be overcome by using resisted wrist extension as reference.
21.	Derlicka, Marta, et al. (författare) Working conditions in small private enterprises in Poland 2000 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 6:1, s. 129-143 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The study deals with working conditions in small private enterprises in Poland. Data come from 50 small enterprises from the Warsaw area. Information about the evaluation of working conditions and the existence of programmes for their improvement was gathered with the help of questionnaires addressed to employees and employers. The results constitute a "photograph" of the Polish reality at the beginning of its transition from planned to market economy. The study revealed a lack of programmes for the improvement of working conditions in a significant number of the enterprises studied as well as little interest in occupational safety on the part of employers (owners). The study also revealed that all decisions--including those about the improvement of working conditions--were made by employers. Hence, the need for the widest possible dissemination of knowledge on occupational safety and the protection of human in the working environment with particular stress put on employers. Employers who are knowledgeable in this field and who are aware of its importance can significantly influence the improvement of working conditions in small enterprises.
22.	Eliasson, Kristina, et al. (författare) Exploring ergonomists' experiences after participation in a theoretical and practical research project in observational risk assessment tools 2022 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 28:2, s. 1136-1144 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore how ergonomists experienced an e-learning concept as a tool for knowledge translation; furthermore, to explore what, if any, impact the knowledge translation had regarding the ergonomists’ work with risk assessments.Methods. Twelve Swedish ergonomists employed in the occupational health service (OHS) participated in a research project, which included an e-learning program in risk assessment training. Focus group interviews and individual interviews were used for data collection. Results. The ergonomists appreciated the e-learning concept, e.g., its flexibility enabled them to decide when and where to practice. The concept was considered feasible within the context of the OHS. The ergonomists experienced an increased knowledge of different observation-based risk assessment tools, which expanded their professional toolboxes. Additionally, they began to reflect more regarding the reliability of risk assessment tools and how to enhance quality in risk assessment assignments.Conclusion. This study showed that e-learning may comprise an efficient knowledge translation for improved risk assessments in the OHS. The program contributed to changes in ergonomists’ risk assessment procedures, e.g., in the selection of tools, increasing the number of observers, employing a participatory approach and more often actively involving stakeholders during the risk assessment process.
23.	Geng, Qiuqing, et al. (författare) The Effect of Protective Gloves on Manual Dexterity in the Cold Environments 1997 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 3:1-2, s. 15-29 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This article presents a study on the effect of different protective gloves (which are commercially available and commonly used in the cold) on manual dexterity in cold environments. The experiments compared statistically four different types of gloves and two different types of gloving (outer or double) at +19 degrees C and -10 degrees C. Performance was determined both objectively and subjectively using two manual dexterity tasks: bolt-nut and pick-up tasks. The response measured was the time of performing each task. Statistical analysis showed that all independent factors such as glove type, participant, object size, and temperature had significant effects on the hand cooling reaction. A significant difference in the performance between the gloves was found in the bolt-nut task. It was also found that outer-inner combination gloving may be an approach to use for precision tasks.
24.	Giedraityte, Lina, et al. (författare) Validation of methods for determination of metabolic rate in the Edholm scale and ISO 8996 2001 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 7:2, s. 135-48 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of this study was to validate the Edholm scale (Edholm, 1966) and the ISO 8996 standard (International Organization for Standardization [ISO], 1990) by comparing the metabolic rates estimated for both methods with the actual measured metabolic rate (MMeas) in 6 manual material handling tasks simulated under laboratory conditions. The metabolic rate was calculated from oxygen consumption VO2 (19 participants) according to Standard No. ISO 8996 (ISO, 1990). Additionally, the participants estimated perceived exertion using the Borg scale. The metabolic rates derived from the Edholm scale (MEdh) overestimated 5 of 6 activities by 34-50% (alpha = .05). The metabolic rates derived from ISO 8996 (MISO) overestimated all activities by 7-38% (alpha = .05).
25.	Hansson Mild, Kjell, et al. (författare) Exposure of workers to electromagnetic fields. A review of open questions on exposure assessment techniques 2009 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - Warszawa : Central Institute for Labour Protection. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 15:1, s. 3-33 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract European Directive 2004/40/EC on occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF), based on the guidelines of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, was to be implemented in the Member States of the European Union by 2008. Because of some unexpected problems the deadline was postponed until 2012. This paper reviews some of the problems identified and presents some suggestions for possible solutions based on the authors' experience in assessing occupational exposure to EMF. Among the topics discussed are movement in static magnetic fields, ways to time average extreme low frequency signals, the difference between emission and exposure standards, and ways of dealing with those issues.
26.	Hansson Mild, Kjell, et al. (författare) Pooled analysis of two Swedish case-control studies on the use of mobile and cordless telephones and the risk of brain tumours diagnosed during 1997-2003 2007 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 13:1, s. 63-71 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Here we present the pooled analysis of 2 case-control studies on the association of brain tumours with mobile phone use. Use of analogue cellular phones increased the risk for acoustic neuroma by 5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2-9% per 100 hrs of use. The risk increased for astrocytoma grade III-IV with latency period with highest estimates using > 10-year time period from first use of these phone types. The risk increased per one year of use of analogue phones by 10%, 95% CI = 6-14%, digital phones by 11%, 95% CI = 6-16%, and cordless phones by 8%, 95% CI = 5-12%. For all studied phone types OR for brain tumours, mainly acoustic neuroma and malignant brain tumours, increased with latency period, especially for astrocytoma grade III-IV.
27.	Helali, Faramarz, et al. (författare) Participatory ergonomics intervention in an industrially developing country : a case study 2008 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 14:2, s. 159-176 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In industrially developing countries, a few ergonomists have directed great efforts towards developing ergonomics awareness among managers and workers in organizations. There is little research on the degree of their success, though. Furthermore, access of organizations to ergonomics knowledge is usually very difficult, especially in industrially developing countries. Thus, building ergonomics awareness is certainly the first phase of the process. Three companies from one industry (44 people: 14 females and 30 males) participated in a project aimed at improving their work system. At the beginning, we needed to create a common goal and ensure participation with appropriate ergonomics tools. The findings of this study were the key issue for the ergonomics intervention (i.e., a shared vision, awakened need of change and learning). Further, to build ergonomics awareness and develop a continuous learning process in the company, it was necessary to use more ergonomics tools through workers' participation in different workplaces
28.	Helali, Faramarz (författare) Using ergonomic checkpoints to support the participatory ergonomic intervention in an industrially developing country (IDC) : a case study 2009 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 15:3, s. 325-337 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract To achieve ergonomics awareness in 3 subsidiary companies, an intervention team was formed. The aims of this study were to implement basic ergonomics through a participatory ergonomics intervention process that can support a continuous learning process and lead to an improvement in health and safety as well as in the work systems in the organization. The findings of this study (i.e., method, continuous learning and integration) were key to making the participatory ergonomics intervention successful. Furthermore, 4 issues of the ergonomics checkpoints (i.e., work schedules, work tasks, healthy work organization and learning) for assessing the work system were found suitable for both changing work schedules and for improving the work system. This paper describes the result of this project and also the experiences gained and the conclusions reached from using the International Labour Office's ergonomics checkpoints in the industries of industrially developing countries.
29.	Hocking, Bruce, et al. (författare) Guidance note: Risk management of workers with medical electronic devices and metallic implants in electromagnetic fields. 2008 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Central Institute for Labour Protection – National Research Institute. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 14:2, s. 217-222 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Medical electronic devices and metallic implants are found in an increasing number of workers. Industrialapplications requiring intense electromagnetic fields (EMF) are growing and the potential risk of injuriousinteractions arising from EMF affecting devices or implants needs to be managed. Potential interactionsinclude electromagnetic interference, displacement, and electrostimulation or heating of adjacent tissue,depending on the device or implant and the frequency of the fields. A guidance note, which uses a riskmanagement framework, has been developed to give generic advice in (a) risk identification—implementingprocedures to identify workers with implants and to characterise EMF exposure within a workplace; (b) riskassessment—integrating the characteristics of devices, the anatomical localisation of implants, occupationalhygiene data, and application of basic physics principles; and (c) risk control—advising the worker andemployer regarding safety and any necessary changes to work practices, while observing privacy.
30.	Jacobs, Melissa, et al. (författare) Stress, coping and safety compliance in a multinational gold mining company 2017 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 23:2, s. 152-161 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The primary objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of work stress, consisting of role stressors and job insecurity, with safety compliance at work. A secondary objective was to test for the possible moderating effect of individual employees' coping behaviour between experienced work stress and job insecurity, and their safety compliance. A cross-sectional survey design was used (n=771). An electronic survey, with a biographical questionnaire and scales on role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload, job insecurity, coping and safety compliance at work, was administered. The results indicated that specific aspects of work stress, notably role conflict, role ambiguity and quantitative job insecurity, and of coping, namely an avoidance style and changing the situation, were important in understanding safety compliance. A moderating effect of avoidance coping was also found.
31.	Johansson, Bo (författare) Work environment and production development in Swedish manufacturing industry 2010 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 16:3, s. 375-386 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Swedish manufacturing industry has previous held a leading position regarding the development of attractive industrial work environments, but increasing market competition has changed the possibilities to maintain the position. The purpose of this literature study is therefore to describe and analyze how Swedish manufacturing industry manages work environment and production development in the new millennium. The description and analysis is based on recently reported Swedish research and development. The gathered picture of how production systems generally are developed i Sweden strongly contrasts against the idealized theoretical and legal view of how production systems should be developed. Even if some of the researchers and authorities ambitions and demands may seem unrealistically high today, there still is a very large potential for improving the processes and tools for designing production systems and work environment.
32.	Johnsen, Anna, et al. (författare) Work-, lifestyle-, and health-related factors among women and men working in the emergency medical services 2024 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 30:2, s. 651-661 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objectives. This study aimed to describe work-, lifestyle-, and health-related factors among ambulance personnel, and to analyse differences between women and men.Methods. The cross-sectional study (N = 106) included self-reported and objective measures of work, lifestyle, and health in 10 Swedish ambulance stations. The data collection comprised clinical health examination, blood samples, tests of physical capacity, and questionnaires.Results. A high proportion of the ambulance personnel reported heavy lifting, risk of accidents, threats and violence at work. A low level of smoking and alcohol use, and a high level of leisure-time physical activity were reported. The ambulance personnel had, on average, good self-rated health, high work ability and high physical capacity. However, the results also showed high proportions with risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), e.g., high blood pressure, and high levels of blood lipids. More women than men reported high work demands. Furthermore, women performed better in tests of physical capacity and had a lower level of CVD risk factors.Conclusions. Exposure to work-related factors that might affect health was common among ambulance personnel. Lifestyle- and health-related factors were somewhat contradictory, with a low proportion reporting lifestyle-related risk factors, but a high proportion having risk factors for CVD.
33.	Karlsson, Kåre, et al. (författare) Health problems among Swedish ambulance personnel : long-term risks compared to other professions in Sweden - a longitudinal register study 2022 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 28:2, s. 1130-1135 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objectives. This study aimed to investigate whether Swedish ambulance personnel differ in the extent of suffering fromhealth problems compared to other occupational groups.Methods. Two cohorts of ambulance personnel from 2001 and2008, with 1778 and 2753 individuals, respectively, were followed regarding assignment of diagnostic coding (InternationalClassification of Diseases codes) until 2016. These two cohorts represent all who were employed as ambulance personnel bypublic employers during these years. Two comparison groups were added: other healthcare workers and other professions.All data were retrieved from national registers. The χ2 test was were used for statistical calculation.Results. Swedishambulance personnel are at a significantly higher risk of being affected by ‘Paroxysmal tachycardia, atrial fibrillation andflutter, other cardiac arrhythmias’, by ‘Other intervertebral disc disorders’ and by ‘Arthropathies’, when compared to bothcomparison groups in both cohorts. Almost similar results were seen for ‘Gonarthrosis’ and for ‘Dorsopathies’.Conclusions. Swedish ambulance personnel run the risk of being affected by certain diseases and injuries to a greater extent compared toother professions.
34.	Khan, M. Shafiquzzaman, et al. (författare) Subjective annoyance response to diesel engine sound during idling conditions 1996 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 2:1, s. 16-26 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Subjective annoyance response to diesel engine sound during idling conditions was evaluated by 80 participants. Eight different sound spectra were presented to the participants at a constant level of 80 dB(A) in a paired comparison procedure. Stereo recorded sound stimuli were played back through a pair of loudspeakers in an anechoic room. Four objective parameters of loudness, sharpness, impulsiveness, and roughness were found to be the determining factors that cause subjective annoyance. An annoyance prediction model for the test stimuli of an idling diesel engine was developed on the basis of these factors. The objective parameters and their interactions have a significant effect on the annoyance prediction model. The spectral distribution indicated by test participants to be pleasant can be used as a basis for appropriate modification of engine sound. A single microphone measurement in free field conditions can be used to estimate objective parameters for defining the cause of annoyance.
35.	Kuklane, Kalev, et al. (författare) A comparison of two methods of determining thermal properties of footwear 1999 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 5:4, s. 477-484 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The present European Standard for footwear testing (Standard No. EN 344:1992; European Committee for Standardization [CEN], 1992) classifies footwear thermally by a temperature drop inside the footwear during 30 min at defined conditions. Today, other methods for footwear thermal testing are also available. The aim of this study was to compare EN 344:1992 with a thermal foot method. Six boots were tested according to both methods. Additional tests with modified standard tests were also carried out. The methods ranked the footwear in a similar way. However, the test according to standard EN 344:1992 is a pass-or-fail test, whereas data that is gained from the thermal foot method gives more information and allows further use in research and product development. A change of the present standard method is suggested.
36.	Kuklane, Kalev, et al. (författare) Calculation of Clothing Insulation by Serial and Parallel Methods: Effects on Clothing Choice by IREQ and Thermal Responses in the Cold 2007 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2376-9130 .- 1080-3548. ; 13:2, s. 103-116 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Cold protective clothing was studied in 2 European Union projects. The objectives were (a) to examine different insulation calculation methods as measured on a manikin (serial or parallel), for the prediction of cold stress (IREQ); (b) to consider the effects of cold protective clothing on metabolic rate; (c) to evaluate the movement and wind correction of clothing insulation values. Tests were carried out on 8 subjects. The results showed the possibility of incorporating the effect of increases in metabolic rate values due to thick cold protective clothing into the IREQ model. Using the higher thermal insulation value from the serial method in the IREQ prediction, would lead to unacceptable cooling of the users. Thus, only the parallel insulation calculation method in EN 342:2004 should be used. The wind and motion correction equation (No. 2) gave realistic values for total resultant insulation; dynamic testing according to EN 342:2004 may be omitted.
37.	Kuklane, Kalev, et al. (författare) Determination of heat loss from the feet and insulation of the footwear 1999 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 5:4, s. 465-476 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study compared the methods of determining the footwear insulation on human participants and the thermal foot model. Another purpose was to find the minimal number of measurement points on the human foot that is needed for insulation calculation. Bare foot was tested at 3 ambient temperatures on 6 participants. Three types of footwear were tested on 2 participants. The mean insulation for a bare foot obtained on the participant and model were similar. The insulation of warm footwear measured by the 2 methods was also similar. For thin footwear the insulation values from the participants were higher than those from the thermal model. The differences could be related to undefined physiological factors. Two points on foot can be enough to measure the insulation of footwear on human participants (r =.98). However, due to the big individual differences of humans, and good repeatability and simplicity of the thermal foot method, the latter should be preferred for testing.
38.	Kuklane, Kalev, et al. (författare) Effect of footwear insulation on thermal responses in the cold 1998 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 4:2, s. 137-152 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The influence of footwear insulation on foot skin temperature in the cold at low activity was investigated. Simultaneously, the thermal and pain sensations, and the influence of steel toe cap were studied. Eight participants were exposed for 85 min to 3 environmental temperatures (+3, -12, and -25 degrees C) wearing 5 different boots. Insulation of footwear was determined with a thermal foot model. The study showed the importance of insulation for keeping feet warm. Other factors, such as wetness and vasomotor response, however, modified the thermal response. The most affected parts were toes and heels. Cold and pain sensations were connected with considerably lower temperatures in these local points. No significant differences were observed between boots with and without steel toe cap.
39.	Kuklane, Kalev, et al. (författare) Effect of sweating on insulation of footwear 1998 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 4:2, s. 123-136 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The study aimed to find out the influence of sweating on footwear insulation with a thermal foot model. Simultaneously, the influence of applied weight (35 kg), sock, and steel toe cap were studied. Water to 3 sweat glands was supplied with a pump at the rate of 10 g/hr in total. Four models of boots with steel toe caps were tested. The same models were manufactured also without steel toe. Sweating reduced footwear insulation 19-25% (30-37% in toes). During static conditions, only a minimal amount of sweat evaporated from boots. Weight affected sole insulation: Reduction depended on compressibility of sole material. The influence of steel toe varied with insulation. The method of thermal foot model appears to be a practical tool for footwear evaluation.
40.	Kuklane, Kalev, et al. (författare) Testing sleeping bags according to EN 13537:2002 : Details that make the difference 2010 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 16:2, s. 199-216 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The European Standard on sleeping bag requirements (EN 13537:2002) describes a procedure to determine environmental temperature limits for safe usage of sleeping bags regarding their thermal insulation. However, there are several possible sources of error related to this procedure. The main aim of this work was to determine the influence of the various measuring parameters on the acuity of the respective parameters in order to judge the requirements. The results indicated that air velocity, mattress insulation and time between unpacking the bag and measurement had a significant impact on the result, with a difference of up to 5-15% in thermal insulation between minimum and maximum allowable parameter levels. On the other hand, manikin weight, thickness of the artificial ground and presence of a face mask were found to have a negligible influence. The article also discusses more general aspects of the standard including the calculation methods used.
41.	Kumar, Rupesh, et al. (författare) A comparison of muscular activities involved in the use of two different types of computer mouse 2008 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 14:3, s. 305-311 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Two types of computer input devices, a conventional mouse and a roller bar one, were studied in terms of muscular activitiy in m. trapezius dexter, m. deltoideus anterior dexter and m. extensor digitorum dexter, and comfort rating. Fifteen university students and employees participated in this study. The order of the devices was random. While a task was performed, electromyography (EMG) data were recorded for each test. Muscular activity was found to be significantly lower for the roller bar mouse than for the conventional one. Comfort rating indicated there was a significant difference in moving a cursor with the conventional mouse compared to the roller bar one. It is concluded that a roller bar mouse allowed the subjects to work closer to the body compared to the conventional one, thus the former can be recommended as a general means of reducing upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders.
42.	Kumar, Rupesh, et al. (författare) Participatory ergonomics and an evaluation of a low-cost improvement effect on cleaners' working posture 2005 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 11:2, s. 203-210 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Cleaning is a highly physically demanding job with a high frequency of awkward postures and working environments as contributing risk factors. Participatory ergonomics is a method in which end-users take an active role in identifying risk factors and solutions. The aim of this study was to apply the participatory ergonomics method to identify cleaning problems and to evaluate the effect of a low-cost improvement on cleaners' working postures in an office environment. The results show that the cleaning problem was identified, and the low-cost ergonomics solution suggested by the cleaners was implemented. Thus an improved working environment reduced the number of awkward cleaning postures and the Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS) action category for floor mopping decreased. It can be concluded that working in an improved environment can lead to better working postures which, in turn, leads to the cleaners' better health and better cleaning results.
43.	Lager, E, et al. (författare) Proactive flight safety - a feasibility study on optimal use of flight data monitoring and incident reports in an airline 2022 Ingår i: International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics : JOSE. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2376-9130 .- 1080-3548. ; 28:2, s. 1311-1315 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
44.	Lima, Tânia M., et al. (författare) Gender differences in associating musculoskeletal complaints, housework, electronic device usage and physical exercise for administrative workers 2022 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 28:2, s. 1189-1197 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Introduction. The study assessed musculoskeletal complaints (MSCs) in administrative workers, associating MSCs with non-paid housework, home use of electronic devices and physical exercise, while keeping a distinctive gender approach. This may promote the development of more effective preventive measures, by meeting the specific strengths and weaknesses of each gender.Method. 96 administrative workers (58 women and 38 men) who used computers more than 50% of their working time participated in a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire concerning individual socio-demographic data, habits and lifestyle, and including the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), was deployed. Gender based odd ratios for MSCs in body areas over the previous 12 months and correlation coefficients between habits and lifestyle variables and NMQ variables were computed.Results. Women did not incur a higher risk of MSC than men. Analysis of association did not yield meaningful associations for either gender. Results suggest giving future consideration to development of a gender specific preventive measures.Conclusion. Computerized work performed concomitantly with physical exposures outside the workplace, showed mixed associations with MSCs, according to gender and depending on kind of exposure. Results are indicative of the need for development of gender specific preventive measures.
45.	Lind, Carl, et al. (författare) Development and evaluation of RAMP I – a practitioner’s tool for screening of musculoskeletal disorder risk factors in manual handling 2019 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics (JOSE). - : Taylor & Francis. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 25:2, s. 165-180 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract RAMP I is a screening tool developed to support practitioners in screening for work-related musculoskeletal disorder riskfactors related to manual handling. RAMP I, which is part of the RAMP tool, is based on research-based studies combinedwith expert group judgments. More than 80 practitioners participated in the development of RAMP I. The tool consistsof dichotomous assessment items grouped into seven categories. Acceptable reliability was found for a majority of theassessment items for 15 practitioners who were given 1 h of training. The usability evaluation points to RAMP I beingusable for screening for musculoskeletal disorder risk factors, i.e., usable for assessing risks, being usable as a decision base,having clear results and that the time needed for an assessment is acceptable. It is concluded that RAMP I is a usable toolfor practitioners.
46.	Lind, Carl (författare) Pushing and pulling : an assessment tool for occupational health and safety practitioners 2018 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 24:1, s. 14-16 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A tool has been developed for supporting practitioners when assessing manual pushing and pulling operations based onan initiative by two global companies in the manufacturing industry. The aim of the tool is to support occupational healthand safety practitioners in risk assessment and risk management of pushing and pulling operations in the manufacturingand logistics industries. The tool is based on a nine-multiplier equation that includes a wide range of factors affecting anoperator’s health risk and capacity in pushing and pulling. These multipliers are based on psychophysical, physiological andbiomechanical studies in combination with judgments from an expert group consisting of senior researchers and ergonomists.In order to consider usability, more than 50 occupational health and safety practitioners (e.g., ergonomists, managers, safetyrepresentatives and production personnel) participated in the development of the tool. An evaluation by 22 ergonomistssupports that the push/pull tool is user friendly in general.
47.	Lindberg, Ann-Sofie, 1972-, et al. (författare) Self-rated physical loads of work tasks among firefighters 2014 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - Abingdon : Taylor & Francis. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 20:2, s. 309-321 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objectives: The present study sought to identify firefighters' rated physical demands for the most frequently occuring work tasks and to determine if the ratings differed between full-time and part-time firefighters to help create a basis for the development of physical employment tests for firefighters.Methods: An extensive questionnaire was completed by 125 and 68 firefighters in 2000 and 2010, respectively. The data were analysed with the Mann-Whitney U test and binominal test and ranked on the basis of the responses in each category.Results: Significant differences were seen between the full-time and part-time firefighters. The work tasks rated as the most physically strenous in terms of aerobic fitness, muscle strength, work posture and body control by most responders were smoke diving upstairs (carrying a hose), victim rescue in different ways, carrying a stretcher over terrain and pulling a hose.Conclusions: Physically strenous work tasks should be included in the end-point performance variables used to select physical performance tests for firefighters. The part-time firefighters with no experience in several of the work tasks suggests that work-related exercises are important if both groups of firefighters are expected to do similar work.
48.	Lindqvist, Aron, et al. (författare) Hand injury from powered wood splitters : machine safety, patterns of use and injury events. 2011 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 17:2, s. 175-86 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to describe factors of possible importance for the occurrence of hand injury from powered wood splitters.PATIENTS: Patients were identified by a computerized patient registry. Information was obtained from hospital records, a written questionnaire and a structured telephone interview.RESULTS: Very few splitters were constructed according to European standards. Twenty-one percent of patients injured with wedge splitters thought that having more than one person at the machine was one cause of the accident. Seventy-nine percent of patients injured with screw splitters stated that glove use was one cause of the accident.CONCLUSIONS: The level of safety in wood splitters that cause hand injury is often poor. Having more than one person at the machine during work may contribute to wedge splitter injury. Glove use commonly contributes to screw splitter injury. Prevention should be directed towards unsafe machines and dangerous patterns of use.
49.	Lindqvist, Aron, 1964-, et al. (författare) Hand injury from powered wood splitters : machine safety, patterns of use and injury events 2011 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 17:2, s. 175-186 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Introduction: The purpose of this study was to describe factors of possible importance for the occurrence of hand injury from powered wood splitters. Patients: Patients were identified by a computerized patient registry. Information was obtained from hospital records, a written questionnaire and a structured telephone interview. Results: Very few splitters were constructed according to European Standards. Twenty-one percent of patients injured by wedge splitters thought that having more than one person at the machine was one cause of the accident. Seventy-nine percent of patients injured by screw splitters stated that glove use was one cause of the accident. Conclusions: The level of safety in wood splitters that cause hand injury is often poor. Having more than one person at the machine during work may contribute to wedge splitter injury. Glove use commonly contributes to screw splitter injury. Prevention should be directed towards unsafe machines and dangerous patterns of use.
50.	Lönnroth, Emma-Christin, et al. (författare) Amalgam in Dentistry. A Health Hazard for Dental Personnel? 1997 Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 3:3-4, s. 151-160 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In a cross sectional study done in 1993 among dental personnel in Norrbotten, self-reported prevalence of muscular pain, headache, tremor, insomnia, irritation, impaired memory, and depression, as well as information regarding different mercury exposures were collected. Mercury exposures were determined as "number of amalgam fillings in teeth", "years in practice", "insufficient ventilation at work", "total number of amalgam removed, produced and polished per day", and "working in dental clinics." As controls, physicians and nurses from the same geographical area were selected. The correlation between symptoms and different mercury exposures was calculated using logistic regression. The results suggested a higher prevalence of muscular fatigue and tremor for female dental personnel compared to controls. Controls reported a lower prevalence of symptoms with increasing number of amalgam fillings in teeth. There was no correlation between the number of amalgam fillings handled per day and symptoms for dental personnel. Male dental personnel associated muscular fatigue, headache, impaired memory, and depression with increased handling of amalgam in the clinic, whereas the female dental personnel associate the same symptoms with the number of amalgam fillings in teeth. The strongest correlation was found between symptoms and insufficient ventilation at dental clinics for dental personnel.

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