| 1. |
- Abrahamsson, Tove, et al.
(author)
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Correlates of Ecstasy use in the Swedish General Population.
- 2013
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1532-2491 .- 1082-6084. ; 48:4, s. 353-357
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to report independent correlates of ecstasy use in the Swedish general population. Data were drawn from a Swedish national household survey conducted in 2008-2009 on a random, stratified sample of 58,000 inhabitants of Sweden, aged 15 to 64. The response rate was 38.3%. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify correlates of recent (past-year) and former ecstasy use. Results are discussed and limitations of the study are noted.
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| 2. |
- Abrahamsson, Tove, et al.
(author)
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Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use (NMPDU) in the Swedish General Population-Correlates of Analgesic and Sedative Use.
- 2015
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1532-2491 .- 1082-6084. ; 50:2, s. 148-155
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Nonmedical prescription drug use (NMPDU) is a growing problem in many countries. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to report correlates of and compare different subtypes of NMPDU in the Swedish general population. Methods: Data were drawn from a Swedish national household survey conducted in 2008-2009. A stratified sample of 58,000 individuals aged 15 to 64 was randomly selected, with a response rate of 38.3%. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was used to compare sociodemographic, substance use, and health correlates of nonmedical analgesic use, nonmedical sedative use, and combined nonmedical use of these two types of prescription drugs. Results: In the final logistic regression model, all three patterns of NMPDU were equally associated with female gender, hazardous alcohol use, habitual smoking and cannabis use, but there were several significant differences in other demographic, health, and drug use correlates between the groups. Conclusions/Importance: Nonmedical use of prescription analgesics, prescription sedatives and combined nonmedical use of these drugs might constitute clinically distinct subgroups of NMPDU. This study is one of few to report correlates of NMPDU from a large, national household survey in a country other than the United States.
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| 3. |
- Ahmadi, Nader
(author)
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Foreword
- 2013
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 48:13, s. 1283-1284
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 4. |
- Allamani, Allaman, et al.
(author)
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Contextual Determinants of Alcohol Consumption Changes and Preventive Alcohol Policies : A 12-Country European Study in Progress 2011
- 2011
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 46:10, s. 1288-1303
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Beginning with France in the 1950s, alcohol consumption has decreased in Southern European countries with few or no preventive alcohol policy measures being implemented, while alcohol consumption has been increasing in Northern European countries where historically more restrictive alcohol control policies were in place, even though more recently they were loosened. At the same time, Central and Eastern Europe have shown an intermediate behavior. We propose that country-specific changes in alcohol consumption between 1960 and 2008 are explained by a combination of a number of factors: (1) preventive alcohol policies and (2) social, cultural, economic, and demographic determinants. This article describes the methodology of a research study designed to understand the complex interactions that have occurred throughout Europe over the past five decades. These include changes in alcohol consumption, drinking patterns and alcohol-related harm, and the actual determinants of such changes
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Linda, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Economic man and the consumption of addictive goods : the case of two goods
- 2006
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - New York : Dekker. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 41, s. 453-466
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is well known that cigarette smoking and the use of other addictive goods is harmful to health. Still, some people smoke cigarettes and drink alcohol in their daily lives. The consumption of addictive goods seems, therefore, to be the antithesis of rational behavior. In this article, however, it is demonstrated that a rational individual, in the sense that he or she maximizes his or her well-being while anticipating the future consequences of his or her choices, may in fact choose to consume addictive goods. Specifically, the two-good extension of the rational addiction model is demonstrated and related to relevant policy questions. For instance, should one encourage the use of smokeless tobacco in smoking cessation programs? According to the empirical results, the answer is no. Further, should one discourage smoking by increasing the tax on cigarettes? Again, the answer is no.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Blanck, Per, 1953, et al.
(author)
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"We do what we think is the best" - a content analysis of experiences of alcohol problem prevention in sweden. A short report.
- 2007
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In: Substance use & misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 42:12, s. 2073-83
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This short report describes an ongoing project whose aim was to explore how respondents from local institutions in a Swedish municipality describe their efforts in preventing alcohol consumption and related problems. Data were collected in focus group interviews, conducted during 2003 with key informants, comprising middle-ranking civil servants from different administrative sectors such as school, social welfare, and the public health office, in four Swedish municipalities: one city district, one town, and two small municipalities. We identified low knowledge of evidence-based methods for prevention of alcohol consumption-related problems and a lack of consistent focus on strategies known to be effective. The main target group for preventive efforts was identified as young people and the most common setting mentioned was the schools. Further, the key informants appeared to regard a wide range of activities as being community* alcohol and drug use prevention. Generally these activities also lacked specification. Increased knowledge of alcohol and drug use prevention methods that are effective at the local level is needed within Swedish municipalities, as is greater understanding of how to implement those methods.
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| 10. |
- Börjeson, B.
(author)
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Chapter 6. The new story : On the possibility of liberating oneself from the drug self
- 2013
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 48:13, s. 1350-1359
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter explores the meaning(s) of "treatment effect" within the psychodynamic tradition. The conventional wisdom is that a successful treatment presupposes a transformation of unconscious "material" to a conscious level. The "treatment effect" is reinterpreted as being better understood as changing an old (and detrimental) story into a new tale-an alternative narrative about the self. New possibilities following this conceptual change are introduced with the aid of some concrete examples.
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| 11. |
- Comasco, Erika, et al.
(author)
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Why Do Adolescents Drink? : Motivational Patterns Related to Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol-Related Problems
- 2010
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 45:10, s. 1589-1604
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study was designed to investigate motivational patterns for drinking alcohol and their relation about alcohol consumption and problems related to alcohol consumption. Data were collected by semistructured interviews and questionnaires, containing questions about reasons for drinking, alcohol consumption, and problems related to alcohol consumption during the years 2001, 2004, and 2005. Three independent population samples from two different counties of central Sweden were included. A total of 11,167 adolescents participated. Data on reasons for drinking were analyzed by factor analysis to extract components explaining drinking motives. Relationships between motivational patterns and alcohol use were examined with correlation analysis. Three drinking motives emerged (social-enhancement, coping, and dominance motives) and related to alcohol consumption and problems related to alcohol consumption. Limitations of the study are noted and discussed.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Demant, Jakob, et al.
(author)
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Changing drinking styles in Denmark and Finland : Fragmentation of male and female drinking among young adults
- 2011
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 46:10, s. 1244-1255
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A traditional heavy intoxication-oriented drinking style, "heroic drinking", is a central drinking practice in Denmark and Finland, especially among men. However, it seems that another drinking style leading to intoxication, "playful drinking", has become more prevalent in Denmark as well as in Finland. Playful drinking is characterized by self-presentations in diverse forms of game situations where you need to play with different aspects of social and bodily styles. We approach the positions of heroic drinking and playful drinking among young adults (between 17 and 23) in Denmark and Finland by analyzing how they discuss these two drinking styles in focus groups (N=16).
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| 16. |
- Dennermalm, Nicklas, et al.
(author)
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Stability and Change in Substance Use Among Swedish Adolescents : A Latent Transition Analysis
- 2023
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 58:7, s. 947-955
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Research is needed on how substance use patterns develop over time in the general adolescent population. This knowledge is crucial in calibrating prevention and other interventions. Method: The study concerns use of cigarettes, alcohol, and cannabis in a nationally representative cohort of Swedish adolescents (n = 3999). Two waves (9th and 11th school grade) from the Futura01 study were analyzed using latent transition analysis (LTA) and multinomial regression analysis. Results: Four substance use patterns, were identified, ranging from Non-user, Alcohol experienced, Alcohol User to Co-user of cigarettes, alcohol, and cannabis. Statuses thus conveyed a continuum from no use to more advanced use. Half of the individuals remained in their original status between time-points, and half transitioned, most often one step on the continuum. Alcohol user was the most stable status over time (0.78), and the Non-user status the least (0.36). The probability of remaining in the Alcohol experienced status was 0.57, and 0.45 for the Co-user status. There was a low probability of transitioning from alcohol to cannabis use. Females were more likely to belong to Alcohol experienced and males to Co-user statuses, but these associations weakened over time. Conclusions: The study identified transitions across substance use statuses between time-points. These usually concerned different levels of alcohol use, and not into more advanced substance use that included the illegal substance cannabis. The study corroborates that young Swedes belong to a “sober” generation and usually do not transition from legal into illegal substance use during late adolescence, though with some gender differences.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Enefalk, Hanna, 1976-
(author)
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Alcohol and Femininity in Sweden c. 1830-1922 : An Investigation of the Emergence of Separate Drinking Standards for Men and Women
- 2015
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 50:6, s. 736-746
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper discusses changing views about gender and drinking in Sweden c. 1830-4922. The author posits that the emergence of bourgeois morals in the 19th century were associated with a decline in the tolerance for female alcohol consumption, and also shows how the values, norms, and activities of the temperance movement interconnected with religion and notions of purity. Yet, in spite of hardening attitudes against women's drinking, alcohol remained integral in Swedish upper-class women's lives. The results are based on a qualitative study of Swedish women's diaries. The study was financed by the Swedish Research Council, 2009-2012. Study limitations are also noted.
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| 21. |
- Ericsson, Emmy, et al.
(author)
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Mortality, Causes of Death and Risk Factors for Death Among Primary Amphetamine Users in the Swedish Criminal Justice System
- 2014
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1532-2491 .- 1082-6084. ; 49:3, s. 262-269
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study examined mortality and predictors of death in 1,396 primary amphetamine users (85% males) who were interviewed with the Addiction Severity Index in the Swedish criminal justice system during 2000-2006 and followed through 2008. Forty-nine clients deceased (standardized mortality ratio 4.1 [3.0-5.4]), at least 84% of deaths were violent or drug-related (12% suicides), and Cox regression analysis indicated that death was associated with frequent use of sedatives and less frequent use of amphetamine. No female deaths were observed; death and male gender were associated in binary analysis. Implications for diagnostics and treatment are discussed.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Garcia-Argibay, Miguel, 1988-
(author)
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The Relationship Between the Big Five Personality Traits, Impulsivity, and Anabolic Steroid Use
- 2019
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 54:2, s. 236-246
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The increase in the prevalence of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) use has been the subject of study in the last decades. Several studies indicated a strong association between the use of AAS and the performance of risky behaviors mediated by factors such as aggression, impulsivity, depression, and anxiety.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify differences in personality trait, impulsivity, and the ability to delay gratification between AAS users and non-users that predispose or serve as a buffering mechanism against its usage and whether it is related to an increased likelihood of engaging in infidelity.METHODS: Two hundred and twelve male volunteers (88 AAS users), aged between 21 and 36 years (M = 28.22), completed self-report measures of personality, impulsivity, delayed gratification, and attitudes toward infidelity. Multivariate analysis of variance and logistic regression were conducted to establish differences between AAS users and non-users.RESULTS: The results showed that AAS users displayed an inability to delay gratification, a greater impulsivity, and a more benevolent attitude toward infidelity. AAS users obtained higher scores on openness and neuroticism, which was larger "off-cycle," although they presented lower scores on extraversion compared to the non-users group. Regression analysis revealed that neuroticism, impulsivity, and delaying gratification scores were significant predictors of AAS usage. In addition, impulsivity functioned as a partial mediator in the relationship between neuroticism and AAS use.CONCLUSION: The results of this research highlight a pivotal implication of impulsivity in AAS use in conjunction with neuroticism, openness, and extraversion traits.
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| 27. |
- Gerdner, Arne, et al.
(author)
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Personality factors and drug of choice in female addicts with psychiatric comorbidity
- 2002
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In: Substance use and misuse. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 37:1, s. 1-18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Female addicts (n=108) with a mean age of 37.2 were tested using the TCI. In a representative sub-sample (n=49) assessed with the SCID, 82% manifested an axis-1-syndrome (lifetime) and 53% a personality disorder. Of the 108 addicts, 42 preferred alcohol, 14 heroin, 33 amphetamines and 19 benzodiazepines. Maturity was low, but there were no differences in maturity between drug preference groups. Results indicated that those less mature were more �novelty-seeking� and �harm-avoidant�, while those maturer tended to be more persistent. Less mature persons answered less consistently. They agreed more with different items and their answers were more rare compared to the general population. Heroin addicts were less sentimental and helpful and more aware of their own resources. Benzodiazepine and amphetamine addicts were more self-transcendent and self-forgetful. Among the relatively more mature, benzodiazepine addicts scored higher than heroin and alcohol addicts on "true" and rare answers. In conclusion, maturity and the drug of choice among female addicts were related to different TCI scales.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- González-Saiz, Francisco, et al.
(author)
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Validity of the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) construct applying the Item Response Theory to a non-clinical sample of heroin users
- 2008
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 43:7, s. 919-935
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: The purpose of this work is to study the validity of the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) construct by applying Rasch models to a non-clinical sample of heroin abusers. Subjects: 982 (73% men) young people 30 years old or under (mean age 25.9 years) participated. All of them were captured from the community in the metropolitan areas of Madrid, Barcelona and Seville, between April 2002 and December 2003. Analysis: Dimensionality of the scale and calibration of items were studied using the Rating Scale model, which is a Rasch-type model. A factorial analysis was also performed to check the dimensionality of the scale. Results: The analysis of fit shows that all the items have infit and outfit values between ± 2 logits, indicating that the data fit the model and that it may be assumed to be unidimensional. The principal components analysis also showed the existence of a principal factor that explains 52.5% of the variance observed. Item calibration found that they are between +0.89 and −1.04 logits on the scale. Conclusion: The results show unidimensional structure of the SDS scale. Item calibration shows they are distributed along the continuum, which must be taken into account when calculating total scores. The study's limitations are noted.
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| 30. |
- Grahn, Robert, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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Repeated addiction treatment use in Sweden : a national register database study
- 2014
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - London : Informa Healthcare. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 49:13, s. 1764-1773
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sweden has a free, universal addiction treatment system yet few studies examining utilization of treatment in this country. This study identified predisposing, enabling and need factors associated with history of number of voluntary addiction treatment episodes for a national sample of 12,009 individuals assessed for an alcohol and/or drug use disorder in Sweden. On average, people reported 4.3 prior treatment episodes. Linear regression methods identified that of predisposing factors older age and being male were associated with more voluntary addiction treatment episodes compared to younger and female clients; a higher Addiction Severity Index (ASI) employment score (an enabling factor) was associated with more voluntary addiction treatment episodes; and need factors including a history of inpatient mental health treatment, a higher ASI psychiatric score, a higher ASI alcohol score, higher levels of illict drug use, more compulsory addiction treatment episodes, a lower ASI legal score and history of criminal justice involvement were all associated with more voluntary addiction treatment episodes compared to their counterparts. There were no differences in number of treatment episodes by education or immigrant status. Implications: (1) Need is a key factor associated with more treatment use. (2) Further studies are needed to identify gender differences in access/use of treatment. (3) Given multiple treatment histories Swedish addiction treatment policy should reflect a chronic care model rather than an acute care model.
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| 31. |
- Grahn, Robert, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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The Associations between Risky Psychosocial Environment, Substance Addiction Severity and Imprisonment: A Swedish Registry Study
- 2020
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 55:5, s. 697-706
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Both childhood and adult psychosocial stressors have been identified as links to both increased risk for substance use disorder (SUD) and increased risk of imprisonment. The aim of this retrospective study is to identify, for a sample of 14,914 adults who all were assessed for risky substance use or a SUD, the importance of having a history of psychosocial stressors compared to current addiction severity. The analyses control for age, gender and education on the likelihood of future imprisonment. Method: Baseline Addiction Severity Index data (ASI) were merged with national registry data on prison sentences from 2003 to 2016. In the analysis, a Cox regression was used to study the association between independent variables and the likelihood of future imprisonment. Results: In the regression, five variables showed significant association to increased risk of imprisonment: ASI drugs other than alcohol Composite Score (positive relationship), ASI alcohol Composite Score (negative relationship), age (younger), education (lower) and parental problems with drugs other than alcohol. The factor with strongest association with imprisonment was the ASI drugs other than alcohol Composite Score, which showed the highest HR = 10.63 (3.50–32.31) for women and HR = 5.52 (3.77–8.08) for men to predict the likelihood of imprisonment. Discussion: Research is needed on why individuals with history of psychosocial stressors have a higher likelihood of imprisonment compared to their counterparts. Findings indicate that a high ASI Composite Score for drugs other than alcohol are strong predictors of future criminality and criminal justice system involvement.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Hannemann, Tessa-Virginia, et al.
(author)
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Consumption Patterns of Nightlife Attendees in Munich : A Latent-Class Analysis
- 2017
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 52:11, s. 1511-1521
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The affinity for substance use among patrons of nightclubs has been well established. With novel psychoactive substances (NPS) quickly emerging on the European drug market, trends, and patterns of use are potentially changing. Objectives: (1) The detection of subgroups of consumers in the electronic dance music scene of a major German metropolitan city, (2) describing the consumption patterns of these subgroups, (3) exploring the prevalence and type of NPS consumption in this population at nightlife events in Munich. Methods: A total of 1571 patrons answered questions regarding their own substance use and the emergence of NPS as well as their experience with these substances. A latent class analysis was employed to detect consumption patterns within the sample. Results: A four class model was determined reflecting different consumption patterns: the conservative class (34.9%) whose substance was limited to cannabis; the traditional class (36.6%) which especially consumed traditional club drugs; the psychedelic class (17.5%) which, in addition to traditional club drugs also consumed psychedelic drugs; and an unselective class (10.9%) which displayed the greatest likelihood of consumption of all assessed drugs. Smoking mixtures and methylone were the new substances mentioned most often, the number of substances mentioned differed between latent classes. Conclusion: Specific strategies are needed to reduce harm in those displaying the riskiest substance use. Although NPS use is still a fringe phenomenon its prevalence is greater in this subpopulation than in the general population, especially among users in the high-risk unselective class.
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| 34. |
- Hanson, Bertil S, et al.
(author)
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Time trends in alcohol habits. Results from the Kirseberg project in Malmo, Sweden
- 2000
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1532-2491 .- 1082-6084. ; 35:1-2, s. 171-187
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper reports on a pilot demonstration to implement an alcohol consumption reduction project in the community of Kirseberg, located in the city of Malmo, Sweden. The objective is to present data on time trends in alcohol use habits and alcohol-use-related problems in the Kirseberg population and to discuss potential effects of the alcohol prevention activities. It was possible to implement an alcohol consumption prevention community program successfully. The analysis of time trends in alcohol use habits and alcohol-use-related problems was, however, mainly inconclusive, but indicated a decrease in alcohol consumption and alcohol-use-related problems among young and middle-aged men.
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| 35. |
- Homman, Lina E., et al.
(author)
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Gender and Direction of Effect of Alcohol Problems and Internalizing Symptoms in a Longitudinal Sample of College Students
- 2017
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 52:4, s. 429-438
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Alcohol problems and internalizing symptoms are consistently found to be associated but how they relate to each other is unclear. Objective: The present study aimed to address limitations in the literature of comorbidity of alcohol problems and internalizing symptoms by investigating the direction of effect between the phenotypes and possible gender differences in college students. Method: We utilized data from a large longitudinal study of college students from the United States (N = 2607). Three waves of questionnaire-based data were collected over the first two years of college (in 2011–2013). Cross-lagged models were applied to examine the possible direction of effect of internalizing symptoms and alcohol problems. Possible effects of gender were investigated using multigroup modeling. Results: There were significant correlations between alcohol problems and internalizing symptoms. A direction of effect was found between alcohol problems and internalizing symptoms but differed between genders. A unidirectional relationship varying with age was identified for males where alcohol problems initially predicted internalizing symptoms followed by internalizing symptoms predicting alcohol problems. For females, a unidirectional relationship existed wherein alcohol problems predicted internalizing symptoms. Conclusions/Importance: We conclude that the relationship between alcohol problems and internalizing symptoms is complex and differ between genders. In males, both phenotypes are predictive of each other, while in females the relationship is driven by alcohol problems. Importantly, our study examines a population-based sample, revealing that the observed relationships between alcohol problems and internalizing symptoms are not limited to individuals with clinically diagnosed mental health or substance use problems.
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| 36. |
- Hradilova Selin, Klara
(author)
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Alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT): What does it screen? : Performance of the AUDIT against four different criteria in the general population sample
- 2006
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 41:14, s. 1881-1899
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this article was to examine the kinds of alcohol use disorder the AUDIT most accurately screens for since the literature is inconsistent in the use of the AUDIT. Sometimes it is viewed as a measure of hazardous or harmful drinking and sometimes as a measure of dependence. The performance of its subsets (consumption items, AUDIT-C; and problem items, AUDIT-P) and of the full AUDIT (AUDIT-10) was tested against four criteria: high-volume drinking, alcohol-related social problems, alcohol-related health problems, and alcohol dependence. A general population sample of 600 Swedish subjects was interviewed during the winter 2000–01. The results document that, at the recommended cutoff score of 8+, the AUDIT-10 performed well against all four criteria, even if less well against the alcohol-related health problems. The AUDIT-C also performed well against all the problem criteria, showing high areas under the ROC curve, even though significantly lower than the full scale. When measuring high-volume drinking, the AUDIT-C outperformed the full instrument. Scoring at least 1 on the AUDIT-P improved sensitivity of the instrument when screening for social problems and dependence and made it a satisfactory measure of health problems. It is suggested that, when using the full AUDIT to screen for problems more severe than high-volume drinking, the criterion of scoring at least 1 on the AUDIT-P should be applied in combination with a cutoff score on the AUDIT-C.
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| 37. |
- Isaksson, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Risk Factors Associated with Alcohol Use in Early Adolescence among American Inner-City Youth : A Longitudinal Study
- 2020
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 55:3, s. 358-366
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Early alcohol use is associated with an increased risk for later alcohol dependence, as well as social and mental health problems. In this study, we investigate the risk factors (internalizing and externalizing behaviors) associated with early alcohol consumption over a period of 1 year, and examine whether the association is sex-specific. Methods: U.S. inner-city adolescents (N = 1785, Mean age = 12.11) were assessed and reassessed in the sixth and seventh grades (Mean age = 13.10). Self-reported information was obtained on the lifetime level of alcohol consumption, internalizing (depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress [PTS]), and externalizing behaviors (sensation seeking, conduct problems and affiliation with delinquent peers). Associations between the variables were examined using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: In an adjusted SEM analysis drinking by the sixth grade was primarily associated with externalizing behaviors, whereas PTS was linked to lower levels of alcohol consumption. In addition, alcohol consumption and greater externalizing behaviors by the sixth grade predicted higher alcohol consumption by the seventh grade, whereas anxiety and African American ethnicity were associated with less alcohol consumption. No sex differences were found in the association between internalizing and externalizing behaviors and drinking. However, in the adjusted SEM analysis female sex predicted higher lifetime consumption by the seventh grade. Conclusion: Sensation seeking behavior, conduct problems and affiliation with delinquent peers should be regarded as risk factors and taken into consideration when planning prevention efforts in order to decrease alcohol use in early adolescence.
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| 38. |
- Johnsson, Kent, et al.
(author)
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Do Responsible Beverage Service Programs Reduce Breath Alcohol Concentration Among Patrons: A Five-Month Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial.
- 2009
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1532-2491 .- 1082-6084. ; 44:11, s. 1592-1601
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: To examine whether the decrease in the mean breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) and the rowdy social atmosphere reported after one month remained stable in the five-month assessment. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: University bars. Participants: The five-month assessment was based on 596 students visiting student bars during ordinary pub evenings. Intervention: Bartenders (n = 40) in 6 of 12 bars on a university campus underwent training programs in a randomized pattern. Bartenders in control bars did not participate in the program. Measurements: The BrAC and reported social atmosphere in a five-month follow-up assessment. Findings: All measurements (BrAC, rowdy, cozy, and high social atmosphere) showed that time had a significant decreasing effect. The positive effects on BrAC and rowdy atmosphere shown in the one-month follow-up were no longer evident after five months. Conclusion: The positive results after one month were not stable after five months. The study's limitations are noted.
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| 39. |
- Kaiser, Niclas, et al.
(author)
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Hazardous drinking and drinking patterns among the reindeer-herding Sami population in Sweden
- 2011
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 46:10, s. 1318-1327
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of this study was to investigate hazardous drinking among reindeer-herding Sami in Sweden. A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted in 2007, which included the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test. A total of 319 reindeer-herding Sami were compared with urban and rural reference populations of 1,393 persons. Data were analyzed with regard to population, gender, age group, education, anxiety, depression, and work-related stress. The Sami population did not report a higher prevalence of hazardous drinking compared with the reference groups; however, subgroups of Sami men with symptoms of depression were revealed as at risk, in contrast to Sami women who were not found to be at risk at all. Limitations of the study are discussed.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Karlsson, Patrik, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Exploring the Link between ADHD and Cannabis Use in Swedish Ninth Graders : The Role of Conduct Problems and Sensation-Seeking
- 2023
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 58:3, s. 311-319
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has in several studies been linked to substance use, including cannabis use. However, crucial gaps remain regarding how to understand this association. Analyzing the association between ADHD and substance use is complicated because of a pronounced overlap between ADHD, conduct problems, and traits such as sensation-seeking. Objectives: Using data from a large and nationally representative study among Swedish adolescents, this study explored the role of conduct problems, but also of sensation-seeking, in accounting for the association between ADHD and cannabis use. Results: There was a notable association between ADHD and cannabis use that was attenuated when conduct problems were controlled for. The association between cannabis use and conduct problems, in turn, was attenuated when sensation-seeking was controlled for. Individuals with both ADHD and conduct problems were more likely to have used cannabis than individuals with ADHD only, but not compared with individuals with conduct problems only. Conclusions: Whereas conduct problems largely explain the link between ADHD and cannabis use, sensation-seeking seems to account for the association between conduct problems and cannabis use.
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| 42. |
- Larsson, Sam, et al.
(author)
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A Multidimensional Model for Narrative Analysis of Substance Use-Related Dependency
- 2013
-
In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 48:13, s. 1306-1316
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter examines the possibilities and limitations of using a narrative method as a framework within a multidimensional model for exploring and analyzing the use and misuse of alcohol and drugs. It is posited that a multidimensional model, based on narrative reasoning, can give a more detailed and specific understanding of substance users, who represent a heterogeneous population of people, and of substance use-related dependency problems. Such a model describes and analyses the drug-use related problems in a manner that provides holistic and important information and knowledge about the person by contextual and situation interaction processes which are involved in the use/misuse of alcohol and drugs. Tentative conclusions and unresolved critical issues are considered.
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| 43. |
- Larsson, Sam, et al.
(author)
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A Self-theoretical Perspective on the Use-Misuse of Alcohol and Drugs Based on Qualitative and Narrative Data
- 2013
-
In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 48:13, s. 1317-1335
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article discusses different self-theoretical perspectives of the self that are of importance in the analysis of the use and misuse of alcohol and psychoactive drugs. The self-theories considered here include cognitive, psychodynamic, transpersonal, and social constructivist perspectives. A multidimensional perspective focusing on the connection between identity structures and analyzing the use/misuse of alcohol and psychoactive drugs is presented. The article argues for a self-theoretical analysis based on narrative data in order to reach an in-depth understanding of the use and misuse of alcohol and psychoactive drugs.
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| 44. |
- Larsson, Sam, et al.
(author)
-
General Theoretical Perspectives of Narrative Analysis of Substance Use-Related Dependency
- 2013
-
In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 48:13, s. 1294-1305
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter provides a short introduction to, and an overview for, using narrative analysis in the understanding of the use and misuse of alcohol and drugs. Important theoretical and methodological dimensions are discussed. Some tentative conclusions, limitations, and unresolved critical issues concerning the use of narrative research methods in the analysis of substance use-related dependency problems are also presented.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Lee, Jungup, et al.
(author)
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Exploring Sex Differences in the Association between Bullying Involvement and Alcohol and Marijuana Use among US Adolescents in 6(th) to 10(th) Grade
- 2020
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 55:8, s. 1203-1213
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of the current study was to examine whether different types of involvement in bullying, together with a set of social-ecological correlates, were associated with alcohol and marijuana use for female and male adolescents. Methods: This study utilized data derived from the U.S. division of the 2005-2006 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study, which include 7,084 U.S. 6(th)-10(th) graders (3,353 males and 3,731 females) in public and private schools. Results: The results showed that although some forms of involvement in bullying were associated with alcohol and marijuana use, some of these associations became non-significant when the social-ecological covariates were included in the models. The final logistic regression models revealed that being a traditional bully-victim increased the risk of alcohol use for males while being a traditional bully and cyber victim increased the risk of alcohol use for females. In addition, being a cyberbully increased the risk of marijuana use for males. While parental monitoring decreased the risk, delinquent peers increased the risk of both alcohol and marijuana use for both sexes. Parent/guardian support decreased the risk of alcohol use for females. The likelihood of alcohol use and marijuana use increased with age for both sexes, while being an African American was linked with a lower risk of alcohol and marijuana use among males. Conclusions/Importance: Our findings demonstrate the importance of examining the link between bullying involvement and substance use, together with social-ecological correlates for female and male adolescents.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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