| 1. |
- Malinowsky, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
-
The association between perceived and observed ability to use everyday technology in people of working age with ABI
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - Stockholm : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:6, s. 465-472
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Everyday technology (ET), including computers and automated telephone services, is increasingly required for everyday functioning. However, people with acquired brain injury (ABI) may have difficulty with ET use. To design interventions to support ET use, further knowledge of how to assess dimensions of such use is needed. Methods: This study investigated the relationship between the perceived difficulty of ET use (self-reported using the short version of the Everyday Technology Use Questionnaire, S-ETUQ) and observed ability to use ET (observed using the Management of Everyday Technology Assessment, META) in a sample of people with ABI (n = 81). Data were analysed using a Rasch measurement model, and person measures of perceived difficulty and observed ability to use ET were identified and correlated. Results and conclusions: The person measures had a correlation of 0.49 (p < 0.001). In groups of different severity levels after ABI, significant associations were found in the moderate (0.36) and severe (0.47) disability groups. In the good recovery group, only a non-significant correlation was found (0.21). This indicates that the S-ETUQ and the META measure different but complementary dimensions of ET use. Hence, the assessments are proposed to be used together in clinical practice to more fully understand the ability of people with ABI to use ET.
|
|
| 2. |
- von Hofer, Hanns, 1944-2014
(författare)
-
Crime and reactions to crime in 34 Swedish birth cohorts : from historical descriptions to forecasting the future
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 15:2, s. 167-181
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses 34 Swedish birth cohorts with regard to their participation in crime as measured by data from the convictions database maintained by Statistics Sweden. Most existing cohort studies are limited to one or a few cohorts. By contrast, the present study includes 34 cohorts, i.e. all persons born in Sweden between 1958 and 1991. The article discusses methodological problems associated with this type of approach and examines the possibility of making forecasts. The central results are that the number of males with a criminal record has decreased, whereas the number of females has remained fairly stable. Forecasts indicate that the cohorts' participation in crime will continue to decrease. Research and policy implications of the findings are outlined. It is proposed to introduce cohort statistics as a standard branch within regular criminal justice statistics.
|
|
| 3. |
- Lonne-Rahm, Sol-Britt, et al.
(författare)
-
Adult atopic dermatitis patients and physical exercise : a Swedish questionnaire study.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-5555 .- 1651-2057. ; 94:2, s. 185-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical activity promotes health and prevents disease. When patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) undertake exercise, the itch often gets worse due to sweating, and this may reduce their engagement in physical exercise. The aim of this study was to determine the level of physical exercise in patients with AD compared with a control group from a normal population. Our hypothesis was that patients with AD have a lower level of physical exercise due to their skin disease. A total of 110 patients with AD and 196 subjects from a normal population, age range 20-34 years, answered a questionnaire. Eleven patients with AD underwent an in-depth interview. The patients with AD had the same level of physical exercise and attitude to physical exercise as the normal population. Therefore, our hypothesis could not be confirmed. In conclusion, the skin symptoms of AD do not appear to be an obstacle to moderate physical exercise.
|
|
| 4. |
- Malinowsky, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
-
An approach to facilitate healthcare professionals' readiness to support technology use in everyday life for persons with dementia
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - Stockholm : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:3, s. 199-209
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Everyday technologies (ETs) like microwave ovens and automatic telephone services as well as assistive technologies (ATs) are often used in the performance of everyday activities. As a consequence, the ability to manage technology is important. This pilot study aimed to clarify the applicability of a model for knowledge translation to support healthcare professionals, to support technology use among older adults with dementia and their significant others. An additional aim was to explore the process of translating the model into practice. The applicability of the model (comprising a one-day course, including introduction and provision of tools, followed by interviews during and after a period of practice) was clarified for 11 healthcare professionals using a constant comparative approach. The content of the model gave the participants an eye-opening experience of technology use among persons with dementia. They also described how they had incorporated the model as a new way of thinking which supported and inspired new investigations and collaborations with colleagues and significant others. This study provided an applicable model of how research knowledge about technology use can be translated into clinical practice and be used by healthcare professionals to support the use of technology for persons with dementia.
|
|
| 5. |
- Nyman, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
-
Being part of an unfolding story : togetherness in everyday occupations when ageing
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:5, s. 368-376
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to explore and enhance the understanding of how togetherness in everyday occupations is experienced and discussed among older adults. Method: Focus-group discussions generated the data and a total of 12 participants, including six women and six men, divided into three groups, participated in this study. Analysis was performed using a grounded theory approach. Results: The findings reflect how togetherness in everyday occupations can be comprehended as multifold transactional processes, emphasizing how an acted belonging was a situated experience connecting people and places through unfolding stories. The findings suggest that the process of meaning-making in ongoing life was closely associated with togetherness and was negotiated with others through shared culture and experiences. Togetherness meant being part of something in which the persons involved were contributing to each other in various ways. However, being part of togetherness was complicated, especially when the person’s life situation was challenged in some way. Conclusions: It was apparent from the analysis that togetherness could not be taken for granted. Rather, the findings reflect how togetherness was created and maintained through an ongoing process of nurturing established relationships as well as creating something new around occupations with others.
|
|
| 6. |
- Sirkka, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
-
A process for developing sustainable evidence-based occupational therapy practice
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:6, s. 429-437
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to describe how long-term improvement work based on the Occupational Therapy Intervention Process Model (OTIPM) evolved in an occupational therapy unit. Method: Data included written documents related to the improvement work (435 pages in total) from 2001 to 2013 that were analysed using pattern matching. Results: The findings from the analysis of the documents formed three main patterns describing reorientation towards the OTIPM, establishment of the implementation of the OTIPM, and ensuring the sustainability of the implementation. Each pattern contained a number of phases of the improvement work emanating from different reasons and resulting in different long-term achievements. The transformation between the phases was smooth, and several of the phases became starting points for improvement work that continued throughout the years. Conclusion: The findings showed how an occupational therapy model of practice, such as the OTIPM, can guide an improvement process and keep it going over a long period of time, thereby supporting sustainable improvements in practice.
|
|
| 7. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
-
Women's perceptions of everyday occupations : Outcomes of the Redesigning Daily Occupations (ReDO) programme
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - London : Informa Healthcare. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:5, s. 359-367
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aim was to (i) assess the outcomes of the 16-week Redesigning Daily Occupations (ReDO) programme for women on sick leave due to stress-related disorders, in terms of occupational value, satisfaction with everyday occupations, and participation level; (ii) investigate the relationships between those outcomes and return-to-work rate. Methods: A total of 42 women receiving ReDO and 42 receiving care as usual (CAU) were included in a matched-control study with measurements before and after the rehabilitation. Seventy-eight participated on both occasions. They completed self-report questionnaires regarding the aforementioned outcomes. Return-to-work data were obtained from the registers of the Social Insurance Offices. Results: Increases in concrete, symbolic, and self-reward values were found in both groups, but no statistically significant difference between the groups was demonstrated. The ReDO group improved more than the CAU group, however, on satisfaction with everyday occupations and participation level. Occupational value, but not satisfaction with everyday occupations, was related to return to work. Conclusions: Everyday occupations were shown to be relevant outcomes after work rehabilitation and could play an important role in future development of profession-specific evidence of occupational therapy. Further support was obtained for viewing occupational value and satisfaction with everyday occupations as theoretically distinct phenomena. © 2014 Informa Healthcare.
|
|
| 8. |
- Bejerholm, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
-
Factors related to the return to work potential in persons with severe mental illness.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2014 .- 1103-8128. ; 21:4, s. 277-286
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed at investigating the relationship between the return to work potential, according to the Worker Role Interview (WRI) assessment, and clinical characteristics and level of empowerment and occupational engagement among persons with severe mental illness who express their own interest in working. Methods: 120 participants entered the study. The WRI, the Brief Psychiatric and Rating Scale, a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Empowerment Scale, and the Profiles of Occupational Engagement in Severe mental illness were used for data collection. Correlation and regression analyses were used for statistics. Results: The return to work potential was significantly associated with having fewer symptoms, rehabilitation support or productive activities, and higher levels of engagement and empowerment. A younger age had an inverse relation to the lifestyle component in WRI. Depressive symptoms and occupational engagement explained 42% of the variance. Conclusions: The findings support the use of an empowerment approach, taking into account the clients' symptoms, age, and time use. In addition, involvement in vocational support and productive activities may be advantageous early on in the recovery process.
|
|
| 9. |
- Chiatti, Carlos, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of housing adaptation interventions: integrating the economic perspective into occupational therapy practice
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2014 .- 1103-8128. ; 21:5, s. 323-333
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The home environment is a key determinant of health, quality of life, and well-being. Given its relevance for such aspects, the scarcity of evaluations of housing adaptation (HA) interventions aimed at removing environmental barriers and accessibility problems in the homes of people with disabilities is surprising. This article aims to contribute to the development of strategies for economic evaluations of HA interventions, by stimulating the dissemination and application of the concepts of effectiveness, cost, and cost-effectiveness as used within health economics. Methods: The focus is limited to three overarching questions for the evaluation of HA interventions. Considering X and Y as two hypothetical interventions for the same individual case, the article asks: (i) Will X be more effective than Y?; (ii) Will X cost more than Y?, and (iii) Will X be more cost-effective than Y? Vignette-like descriptions of fictional cases are used to exemplify the economic concepts explained in the article. Results and conclusion: In the conclusion, the need is stressed for new experimental data regarding both costs and outcomes of HA interventions, in order to realize sound evaluations with the potential to inform policy and professionals in this field. Given the heterogeneity among national contexts, systematic approaches applied in a coherent manner could strengthen cross-national research and collaborations.
|
|
| 10. |
- Helle, Tina, et al.
(författare)
-
The Nordic Housing Enabler: Inter-rater reliability in cross-Nordic occupational therapy practice
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2014 .- 1103-8128. ; 21, s. 71-79
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study addresses development of a content-valid cross-Nordic version of the Housing Enabler and investigation of its inter-rater reliability when used in occupational therapy rating situations, involving occupational therapists, clients, and their home environments. The instrument was translated from the original Swedish version of the Housing Enabler, and adapted according to accessibility norms and guidelines for housing design in Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Iceland. This iterative process involved occupational therapists, architects, building engineers, and professional translators, resulting in the Nordic Housing Enabler. For reliability testing, the sampling strategy and data collection procedures used were the same in all countries. Twenty voluntary occupational therapists, pair-wise but independently of each other, collected data from 106 cases by means of the Nordic Housing Enabler. Inter-rater reliability was calculated by means of percentage agreement and kappa statistics. Overall good percentage agreement for the personal and environmental components of the instrument was shown, indicating that the instrument was sufficiently reliable for application in practice and research in the Nordic context. The varying kappa results highlight the need for further study in order to understand the influence of prevalence more profoundly, which should be kept in mind when interpreting the results.
|
|
| 11. |
- Leufstadius, Christel, et al.
(författare)
-
Time use among individuals with persistent mental illness: identifying risk factors for imbalance in daily activities.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2014 .- 1103-8128. ; 21, s. 53-63
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate associations between time use in daily activities and sociodemographic and clinical factors in order to identify individuals with persistent mental illness at risk of having an imbalance in daily activities, as reflected in their time use and daily rhythm. Participants (n=103) were selected from a psychiatric outpatient unit using a randomized stratified selection procedure. The main findings indicated that time spent in daily activities increased with age, and that older individuals more often had a beneficial daily rhythm. Women and individuals living with children spent more time on self-care/self-maintenance than men and individuals living without children. Individuals with a diagnosis of psychosis spent less total time in daily activities than individuals with non-psychosis. In conclusion, general psychiatric symptoms, such as self-blame, anxiety, and difficulties in cooperating with others, explained most of the risk of spending little time in work/education as well as the risk of spending long periods asleep and having an adverse daily rhythm. A diagnosis of psychosis and high levels of general symptoms together explained most of the risk of having low total time use in activity. Factors such as age and living with children or not seemed to be important factors in relation to time use and daily rhythm.
|
|
| 12. |
- Pettersson, Cecilia, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
-
Men's and women's perspectives on using a powered mobility device : benefits and societal challenges
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:6, s. 438-446
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe how men and women experience their use of powered wheelchairs (PW) and powered scooters (PS) in everyday occupations, in the home and in society at large.METHODS: A qualitative research approach with focus-group methodology was used. Four focus groups were created, with men and women as well as PW and PS users in different groups. Applying a descriptive approach, data were analysed according to the principles described by Krueger.FINDINGS: Three categories emerged and revealed that even though use of PW and PS increased independence and enabled everyday occupations, participants struggled to be independent powered mobility device (PMD) users. They experienced many accessibility problems in dwellings and in society, described similarly by users of PW and PS. Men and women experienced their use of (PMD) differently, especially in relation to the service delivery process.CONCLUSIONS: The study contributes with new knowledge on accessibility for PW and PS users and related service delivery processes, stating that gender differences regarding provision and training must be taken into account. Occupational therapists can contribute to an enhanced understanding of PMD users' challenges in person-environment-occupation transactions in the home and society, and thereby promote occupational justice for PMD users.
|
|
| 13. |
- Wagman, Petra, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploring occupational balance in adults in Sweden
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2014 .- 1103-8128. ; 21:6, s. 415-420
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between occupational balance (measured by the occupational balance questionnaire [OBQ]) and self-rated health and life satisfaction. A secondary aim was to explore differences in occupational balance among adults in Sweden. Methods: The 153 participants (63% women), recruited using convenience sampling, answered a questionnaire comprising demographic questions, the OBQ, one item about self-rated health, and one about life satisfaction. The OBQ was analysed for correlation with subjective health and life satisfaction. The OBQ and its individual items were also analysed for correlations with age and for differences between men and women and participants living with children younger than 18 years versus not. Results: The OBQ was significantly positively correlated to self-rated health and life satisfaction, supporting the relationship between occupational balance and health. No significant correlation between age and the total OBQ was identified but some differences in occupational balance, related to whether the participant was living with or without children at home, were revealed. Conclusions: The results should be interpreted with caution due to the nature of the sample and data but they can serve as a point of departure for further studies and hypotheses regarding occupational balance in different populations.
|
|
| 14. |
- Wagman, Petra, et al.
(författare)
-
Introducing the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ)
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2014 .- 1103-8128. ; 21:3, s. 227-231
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The concept of occupational balance is frequently used in occupational therapy but the fact that it has been defined and measured differently is a limitation. This article introduces the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ), which focuses on satisfaction with the amount and variation of occupations. It consists of 13 items measured on six-step ordinal scales. It has shown good content validity in a sample of 21 occupational therapists but other psychometric properties have not been investigated. The aim was to investigate the OBQ regarding internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and floor/ceiling effects. Methods: The OBQ was administered twice to a sample selected through convenience sampling. Internal consistency was investigated by Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability analysed with Spearman's Rho correlation for the total score and weighted kappa on each item. Potential floor/ceiling effects were explored by checking for the percentage of participants who scored lowest and highest. Results: The results demonstrated that the OBQ has good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.936) and sufficient test-retest reliability (Spearman's Rho for the total score was 0.926) and, thus, seems stable over time. No floor or ceiling effect was detected. Conclusions: The OBQ therefore showed promising reliability, although further instrument development studies to examine its construct validity are required.
|
|
| 15. |
- Törnebohm, Håkan, 1919
(författare)
-
Paradigms in occupational therapy
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21, s. 28-33
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2014 Informa Healthcare. Every field of human occupation teems with patterns, which may be called "paradigms". This article is concerned with paradigms in the field of occupational therapy. The term "paradigm", which has become quite popular, perhaps too popular since the publication of Kuhn's famous book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, has a complex semantic spectrum. Margaret Masterman has distinguished no less than twenty senses in Kuhn's writings. My use of the term, which has very little affinity with Kuhn's uses of it, will be defined in due course.
|
|
| 16. |
- Bertilsson, Ann-Sofie, et al.
(författare)
-
A client-centred ADL intervention: three-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21, s. 377-391
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim was to study a client-centred activities of daily living (ADL) intervention (CADL) compared with the usualADL intervention (UADL) in people with stroke regarding: independence in ADL, perceived participation, life satisfaction,use of home-help service, and satisfaction with training and, in their significant others, regarding: caregiver burden, lifesatisfaction, and informal care. Methods: In this multicentre study, 16 rehabilitation units were randomly assigned to deliverCADL or UADL. The occupational therapists who provided the CADL were specifically trained. Eligible for inclusion werepeople with stroke treated in a stroke unit £3 months after stroke, dependent in ‡two ADL, not diagnosed with dementia, andable to understand instructions. Data were collected at inclusion and three months thereafter. To detect a significant differencebetween the groups in the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) domain “participation”, 280 participants were required. Intention-totreatanalysis was applied. Results: At three months, there was no difference in the outcomes between the CADL group(n = 129) and the UADL group (n = 151), or their significant others (n = 87/n = 93) except in the SIS domain “emotion” infavour of CADL (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The CADL does not appear to bring about short-term differences in outcomes andlonger follow-ups are required.
|
|
| 17. |
- Borell, Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
Qualitative approaches in occupational therapy research
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21, s. 80-88
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Development of research in occupational therapy requires a continuous critical discussion concerning methodological approaches. In this paper the authors wish to contribute to such a discussion by introducing the Formal Data-Structure Analysis approach (FDSA) as a method for understanding people's experiences. Methods and results: A review of selected publications from occupational therapy journals between 2003 and 2005 illustrated that qualitative articles within occupational therapy publications were mainly descriptive in nature. This finding raises questions about how to develop new knowledge that contributes to occupational therapy. Conclusions: In this paper the authors suggest that it is possible to apply the FDSA approach not only when describing and categorizing qualitative phenomena, but also when aiming to reach an in-depth understanding of issues related to human meaning-making; for example, how we understand engagement in occupations or living with a disability. Examples of the application of the FDSA approach are included and discussed.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Castro, Daniela, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Occupational therapy and culture: a literature review
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:6, s. 401-414
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Occupational therapy has culture as a relevant phenomenon of interest. Culture appears increasingly often in occupational therapy research, from diverse approaches and foci. As culture is difficult to define, and has political and ethical implications, an investigation into its usage is warranted. Aim: To identify and describe how culture as a broad phenomenon is expressed in OT research published between 2006 and 2011, regarding knowledge development in the discipline and its impact on practice. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out, using an integrative literature review. Thirty-nine studies in English were included. Results: From the analysis, two dimensions concerning expressions of culture emerged: “culture is alive” and “occupational therapy as a culture”. Aside from these dimensions, a group of forces that have an impact on these dimensions is described. Conclusions: In its understanding of expressions of culture, occupational therapy stands at a crossroads between traditional and critical approaches. A lack of critical insight into professional knowledge increases the risk that occupational therapy will remain satisfied with the current understanding of culture, based on the dominant knowledge. The discipline could fail to address the political, ethical, and theoretical issues required to reach the targeted diversity in its practice.
|
|
| 20. |
- Evans, Kiah L., et al.
(författare)
-
The complexity of role balance: Support for the Model of Juggling Occupations
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:5, s. 334-347
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This pilot study aimed to establish the appropriateness of the Model of Juggling Occupations in exploring the complex experience of role balance amongst working women with family responsibilities living in Perth, Australia.Methods: In meeting this aim, an evaluation was conducted of a case study design, where data were collected through a questionnaire, time diary, and interview.Results: Overall role balance varied over time and across participants. Positive indicators of role balance occurred frequently in the questionnaires and time diaries, despite the interviews revealing a predominance of negative evaluations of role balance. Between-role balance was achieved through compatible role overlap, buffering, and renewal. An exploration of within-role balance factors demonstrated that occupational participation, values, interests, personal causation, and habits were related to role balance.Conclusions: This pilot study concluded that the Model of Juggling Occupations is an appropriate conceptual framework to explore the complex and dynamic experience of role balance amongst working women with family responsibilities. It was also confirmed that the case study design, including the questionnaire, time diary, and interview methods, is suitable for researching role balance from this perspective.
|
|
| 21. |
- Fisher, Anne G., 1946-
(författare)
-
Occupation-centred, occupation-based, occupation-focused : Same, same or different?
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21, s. 96-107
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Since the beginning of the occupational therapy profession, engagement in occupation has been valued as the primary therapeutic agent as well as the goal of intervention. While there are few today who would not support this idea, occupational therapists continue to struggle with implementing their beliefs through "what we do" and "how we do it". Contributing to this problem is their failure to use terminology in a manner that clearly defines what and how occupational therapists do what they do in occupational therapy research, education, and practice. Methods: The author will, therefore, first discuss some key occupational therapy terms and propose that they represent an occupation-related taxonomy that can be used to more clearly define and describe for occupational therapists and others what they do and how they do what they do as occupational therapists. Then, with a goal of fostering critical self-reflection among occupational scientists and occupational therapy researchers, educators, and practitioners, the author will go through the stages of the occupational therapy process outlined in the Occupational Therapy Intervention Process Model (OTIPM) and demonstrate how a more precise use of this occupation-related taxonomy can facilitate maximizing the power of occupation in practice.
|
|
| 22. |
- Jansson, Inger, et al.
(författare)
-
Work and everyday activities : Experiences from two interventions addressing people with common mental disorders
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:4, s. 295-304
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Lengthy sick leave makes demands on work ability enhancing interventions in primary health care. Problem-based method (PBM) and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) are interventions aimed at people with common mental disorders. This study aimed to describe how individuals experienced interventions and the impact the interventions had on the individuals' ability to work and perform other everyday activities. Method: Fourteen women and two men, eight each from two interventions, were interviewed. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The analysis revealed one overarching theme: "Reaching safe ground or continuing to seek help". Four categories were identified: "From being passive to making one's own efforts in the rehabilitation process", "Being stuck on a treadmill or daring to change", "Evolving from routine to more aware behaviour", and "Fitting in or not fitting in with workplace situations". Conclusions: According to the participants, experiences from both PBM and CBT had a positive impact on their ability to work and perform other everyday activities in a more sustainable way. Reflecting on behaviour and achieving limiting strategies were perceived as helpful in both interventions, although varying abilities to incorporate strategies were described. In general, the results support the use of active coping-developing interventions rather than passive treatments.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Lidström, Helene, et al.
(författare)
-
Benefits of the use of ICT in school activities by students with motor, speech, visual, and hearing impairment : a literature review
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:4, s. 251-266
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:Information and communication technology (ICT) has the potential to enhance participation in educational activities for students with physical disabilities. Even though incorporating ICTs into teaching and learning in education has become an important issue, it is unclear what evidence research has provided. The aim of this study was to investigate types of ICT items and how ICT is being used by students with physical disabilities, and describe the benefits of ICT use in school activities.METHODS:A systematic literature search, covering the period 2000-May 2012, was performed in the databases AMED, CINAHL, Eric, OTseeker, Psych Info, PubMed, and Scopus. Data analysis entailed extracting, editing, grouping, and abstracting findings.RESULTS:A total of 32 articles were included, 16 of which were intervention studies. More than half of the studies concerned students with motor impairments. Type of ICT used differed among impairment groups, and ICT seemed to be especially beneficial for writing, spelling, and communication.CONCLUSIONS:Even though the review found heterogeneity across the studies students seemed to benefit from ICT use regardless of the type. For future research it is important to highlight intervention studies, especially for students with visual, hearing, and communication impairments.
|
|
| 25. |
- Nilsson, Ingeborg, et al.
(författare)
-
Occupational justice : bridging theory and practice
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:suppl 1, s. 64-70
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evolving theory of occupational justice links the concept to social justice and to concerns for a justice of difference: a justice that recognizes occupational rights to inclusive participation in everyday occupations for all persons in society, regardless of age, ability, gender, social class, or other differences. The purpose of this descriptive paper is to inspire and empower health professionals to build a theoretical bridge to practice with an occupational justice lens. Using illustrations from a study of leisure and the use of everyday technology in the lives of very old people in Northern Sweden, the authors argue that an occupational justice lens may inspire and empower health professionals to engage in critical dialogue on occupational justice; use global thinking about occupation, health, justice, and the environment; and combine population and individualized approaches. The authors propose that taking these initiatives to bridge theory and practice will energize health professionals to enable inclusive participation in everyday occupations in diverse contexts.
|
|
| 26. |
- Norberg, Eva-Britt, et al.
(författare)
-
Occupational performance and strategies for managing daily life among the elderly with heart failure
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:5, s. 392-399
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim:The aim of this study was to describe experiences of limitations in occupational performance and strategies for managing daily activities among the elderly with chronic heart failure (CHF).Methods:Ten participants from primary healthcare with a confirmed diagnosis of CHF were interviewed. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.Results: The first theme, "Redefining an active life, aware of one's impaired body", was based on four sub-themes: realizing one's limited activity ability; striving to preserve an active life; focusing on meaningful activities; and changing vs. not changing habits and roles. The second theme, "Planning activities and balancing the degree of effort", was based on three sub-themes: limiting, organizing, and rationalizing activities; adjusting activities to today's ability; and using technology and adapting the environment.Conclusions:Elderly people with CHF are struggling with an ongoing process of occupational adaptation due to periodical physical decline and fluctuating day-to-day ability. This highlights a need for information on strategies from a holistic perspective and client-centred occupational therapy interventions.
|
|
| 27. |
- Nordenfelt, Lennart
(författare)
-
On the notion of health as ability
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21, s. 48-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper an outline of a theory of health based on the notion of ability is presented. A persons health is defined as his or her second-order ability to realize vital goals given standard or otherwise reasonable circumstances. The crucial concepts: vital goal, standard circumstance and second-order ability, are characterized in the paper. Special emphasis is laid upon the third concept, second-order ability, which is of particular importance for the theory of rehabilitation.
|
|
| 28. |
- Sirkka, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
-
Occupational therapists' experiences of improvement work : a journey towards sustainable evidence-based practice
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:2, s. 90-97
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this qualitative descriptive study was to describe occupational therapists' experiences of participating in long-term improvement work based on the Occupational Therapy Intervention Process Model. Method. Data were collected by focus groups interviewed on two occasions (2006 and 2011). Nineteen occupational therapists participated on each occasion. The data obtained were analysed using a qualitative content analysis. Findings. The long-term improvement work was experienced as a journey towards sustainable and evidence-based occupational therapy practice. The journey, guided by the Occupational Therapy Intervention Process Model, led to increased client-centred and occupation-focused practice. The long journey of change involved three intertwined themes. The first theme describes how the occupational therapists transformed their thoughts and actions on an individual and group level. The second theme describes how they dealt with conflicting feelings and faced the duality of change. The third theme describes a shared professional culture, including confidence, clarity, and inter-professional community. Conclusion: The study shows how the collective use of an occupational therapy model of practice can lead to an integration of evidence-based knowledge that has long-lasting achievements in practice.
|
|
| 29. |
- Törnquist, Kristina, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards an ADL taxonomy for occupational therapists
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21, s. 20-27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the main concepts in occupational therapy is human occupation. In occupational therapy there is a need for a common conceptual framework to assess and describe the ability of patients to perform occupational activities of daily living. The aim of this report was to develop a taxonomy concerning the activities of daily living (ADL). In the taxonomy, occupation has been defined and related to common concepts of disability. Ordinary ADL terms have been categorized into three levels: occupational forms, activities and actions. Different actions are components of and subordinated to superior activities. Experience shows that the ADL taxonomy contributes to a valid (content and construct) assessment of ADL, a common language for OTs and to a clearer picture of the patient's performance in daily life activities.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Wressle, Ewa, et al.
(författare)
-
High job demands and lack of time : A future challenge in occupational therapy
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:6, s. 421-428
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to identify work-related stress factors that contributed to work-related stress among Swedish occupational therapists and to investigate the association between work-related stress, demographic factors and perceived overall stress. Methods: A postal questionnaire and a letter of invitation were sent to 807 Swedish occupational therapists, selected at random and representing 10% of occupational therapists working in Sweden. The response rate was 59%. A stress index presenting 49 stress factors graded on a scale from 1 (indicating no source of stress) to 6 (definitely a source of stress) was included. In addition, the level of perceived overall stress during the last 2 weeks was scored on a rating scale with the end points 0 (no stress) and 10 (extreme stress). Results: The main findings indicated that lack of resources and lack of time were the main stressors. “Working at a superficial level due to lack of time” was the only variable associated with high overall stress when both work-related and personal factors were included. Professional identity and clarity about the role were graded low with regard to stress. Conclusions: Work-related stress is just one aspect of the overall stress experienced but knowledge about its consequences highlights the importance of further studies.
|
|
| 32. |
- Zingmark, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Occupation-focused interventions for well older people : an exploratory randomized controlled trial
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:6, s. 447-457
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this exploratory randomised controlled trial (RCT) was to evaluate three different occupation-focused interventions for well older people by estimating effect sizes for leisure engagement and ability in activities of daily living (ADL) and thereby identifying the most effective interventions.Methods: One hundred and seventy seven persons, 77-82 years old, living alone and without home help, were randomized to a control group (CG), an individual intervention (IG), an activity group (AG), and a one-meeting discussion group (DG). All interventions focused on occupational engagement and how persons can cope with age-related activity restrictions in order to enhance occupational engagement. Data were collected by blinded research assistants at baseline, three, and 12 months. Ordinal outcome data were converted, using Rasch measurement methods, to linear measures of leisure engagement and ADL ability. Standardized between-group effect sizes, Cohen's d, were calculated.Results: While all groups showed a decline in leisure engagement and ADL over time, the IG and the DG were somewhat effective in minimizing the decline at both three and 12 months. However, the effect sizes were small.Conclusions: The findings indicate that occupation-focused interventions intended to minimize a decline in leisure engagement and ADL were sufficiently promising to warrant their further research.
|
|
| 33. |
- Ekelund, Christina, 1963, et al.
(författare)
-
Self-determination and older people - a concept analysis
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:2, s. 116-124
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Self-determination has emerged as an important concept within health care, used to emphasize clients' control and independence as they participate in rehabilitation. To strengthen clients' self-determination is a central aim in occupational therapy. However, there is a lack of a clear definition of self-determination concerning community-dwelling older people. The definition should be flexible in different contexts, such as cultural. Objective: To define and clarify the concept of self-determination in relation to community-dwelling frail older people. Method: Walker & Avant's analysis procedure was carried out to identify textual attributes to the concept of self-determination, supplemented by a content analysis of 21 articles that were used to define and further justify the textual attributes. Results: Self-determination was used in diverse contexts for community-dwelling older people, concerning: decision-making in everyday life, professionals' views, health, and legal/ethical rights. Different textual attributes were identified, to propose a conceptual definition of self-determination in relation to community-dwelling frail older people: A process in which a person has control and legal/ethical rights, and has the knowledge and ability to make a decision of his/her own free choice. Principal conclusion: This concept analysis has contributed to clarifying the concept for the convenience of research with community-dwelling frail older people.
|
|
| 34. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychometric evaluation of the Danish version of Satisfaction with Daily Occupations (SDO).
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2014 .- 1103-8128. ; 21:3, s. 166-171
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Aims: The Satisfaction with Daily Occupations (SDO) scale assesses satisfaction within the domains of work, leisure, domestic tasks, and self-care. The aim was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Danish version of the SDO when used with asylum seekers. Methods: The participants were 93 Danes without known ill health and 43 asylum seekers. They completed the SDO and rated their perceived health, activity level, and general satisfaction with daily occupations. Translation into Danish and back-translation into Swedish was made by professional interpreters. Results: Internal consistency was α = 0.75 for the Danish sample and α = 0.79 for the asylum seekers. The SDO distinguished between asylum seekers and the Danish sample, suggesting criterion validity. Concurrent validity, analysed against general satisfaction with daily occupations, was indicated for both samples. Discriminant validity was indicated against self-rated health for both samples and against activity level for the Danish sample. There was, however, a correlation of 0.65 between the SDO satisfaction score and activity level for the asylum seekers. Conclusion: The SDO exhibited satisfactory internal consistency and criterion and concurrent validity. The findings regarding discriminant validity were somewhat inconclusive. The Danish SDO may be regarded as psychometrically sound but further psychometric testing is needed.
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
- Janeslätt, Gunnel, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluating intervention using time aids in children with disabilities
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:3, s. 181-190
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate complex intervention using time aids for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities who exhibit limitations in daily time management.Methods: Participating children (n = 47) (F17/M30) were aged 6–11 with ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, mild or moderate intellectual disability, spina bifida, and cerebral palsy. This study used a Randomized Block and Waiting List control group design, with 25 children allocated to control and 22 to intervention group. In total 10 children (21.3%), five from each group, dropped out, leaving 37 children in the data analysis.Results: Children in both groups gained significantly in time-processing ability between the first and second data collection, but the children in the intervention group improved time-processing ability significantly more than controls. The control group also displayed significant changes after receiving intervention between the second and third data collection. The intervention had a large effect (ES Cohen's d = 0.81) on time-processing ability and a medium effect (ES Cohen's d = 0.68) on managing one's time.Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence that time-processing ability and managing one's time can be improved by intervention using time aids in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities, supporting the need to consider time aids in intervention in these children.
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
- Palsdottir, Anna Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Changes in experienced value of everyday occupations after nature-based vocational rehabilitation
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2014 .- 1103-8128. ; 21:1, s. 58-68
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to describe and assess changes in participants' experiences of everyday occupations after nature-based vocational rehabilitation (NBVR), to assess changes regarding symptoms of severe stress and the rate of return to work and possible association with experiencing the occupational value of everyday occupations. Methods: The NBVR was carried out by a transdisciplinary rehabilitation team and took place in a specially designed rehabilitation garden. The study had a longitudinal and mixed-method approach. Data concerning experiences of everyday occupations (Oval-pd), self-assessed occupational competence (OSA-F), health status (EQ-VAS, SCI-93), and sense of coherence (SOC-13) were collected before and after the intervention, and a one-year follow-up was carried out regarding returning to work. Semi-structured interviews were performed 12 weeks after the intervention. Results: Significant changes were measured regarding perceived occupational values in daily life, symptoms of severe stress, and returning to work. Both the return to work rate and symptoms of severe stress were significantly associated with changed experience of everyday occupation. Conclusions: In the interviews, participants explained that they now had a slower pace of everyday life and that everyday occupations were more often related to nature and creativity. This could be interpreted as nature-based rehabilitation inducing changes through meaningful occupations in restorative environments, leading to a positive change in perceived values of everyday occupations.
|
|
| 39. |
- Perneros, Gerd, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of occupational performance and pain intensity: before and after back surgery and rehabilitation
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:1, s. 69-81
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The study had a descriptive, longitudinal design and evaluated occupational performance and pain intensity in daily occupations for patients with low back pain (LBP), assessed preoperatively, and at six and 12 months after surgery and rehabilitation. Methods: Patients were assessed by surgeons and occupational therapists (OTs) to determine whether surgery was required. The OTs used the Assessment of Pain and Occupational Performance (POP) instrument. The POP measures 36 occupations in two dimensions: occupational performance and pain intensity. Patients with specific LBP (n = 97) were included. Results: Preoperatively, 23 occupations showed lower performance and "severe pain". At six months, 27 occupations were performed "without restriction" (p = n.s. -less than 0.001) and without pain or with "mild pain" (p less than 0.001). A comparison of preoperative values with those at 12 months showed that 35 occupations were significantly changed on both scales, and 31 occupations were performed "without restriction" (p less than 0.01-less than 0.001) and "without pain" (p less than 0.001). Conclusions: The results indicate significant improvements between baseline, six months, and 12 months. Moreover, when occupational performance and pain intensity were separately identified, it was shown that patients had regained their performance at an ordinary level without pain. This underlines the added value of differentiating between disability and pain.
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
- Wagman, Petra
(författare)
-
How to contribute occupationally to ecological sustainability: A literature review
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:3, s. 161-165
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Climate change is of great concern today, and is an important health issue. The changes are related to human occupations and, therefore, an occupational perspective can make important contributions to ecological sustainability. The aim of this scoping literature review was to explore and describe what has recently been written about how occupational therapy/therapists/science can contribute to ecological sustainability and the prevention of more severe climate change.Methods: Publications were used as data. Searches were conducted in databases, journals, reference lists, and citations. Fourteen items, with content related to the contribution of occupational therapy/therapists/science to climate change and ecological sustainability; written in English; having an occupational therapist among the authors; and published between 2008 and 2013; were included.Results: The results revealed four different ways that occupational therapists/scientists can contribute: by adapting to prevent climate change and to existing changes; by cooperating with others; by exploring people's occupational choices and the relationship between occupation and ecology; and by warning of the consequences of the changes.Conclusion: These ways of contributing can be used as a point of departure for further research on this important topic.
|
|
| 42. |
- Tarnvik, A, et al.
(författare)
-
In memoriam--Professor Ragnar Norrby (1943-2014)
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 46:8, s. 545-546
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 43. |
- Gerdts, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Ingrid Toft (June 2, 1959-April 26, 2014)
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Blood Pressure. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-7051 .- 1651-1999. ; 23:4, s. 255-255
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 44. |
- Janson, Eva Tiensuu, et al.
(författare)
-
Nordic guidelines 2014 for diagnosis and treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 53:10, s. 1284-1297
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe diagnostic work-up and treatment of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) has undergone major recent advances and new methods are currently introduced into the clinic. An update of the WHO classification has resulted in a new nomenclature dividing NENs into neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) including G1 (Ki67 index ≤ 2%) and G2 (Ki67 index 3-20%) tumours and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) with Ki67 index > 20%, G3. Aim. These Nordic guidelines summarise the Nordic Neuroendocrine Tumour Group's current view on how to diagnose and treat NEN-patients and are meant to be useful in the daily practice for clinicians handling these patients.
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
- Häggqvist, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Look at what they do : a revised approach to communication strategy towards private forest owners
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 29:7, s. 697-706
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Private forest owners in Sweden and other countries are becoming an increasingly heterogeneous group as regards their experience and knowledge of forestry. Over the past decade, a number of studies have been conducted with the aim of describing different aspects of forest owners. However, little attention has been paid to the owners’ self-activity and how they learn. With the overall aim of exploring the relationship between self-activity and knowledge to use it as a starting point for new recommendations for planned communication towards forest owners, this study examines the extent and type of the work different categories of private forest owners perform, and from whom or where they learn. An analysis of data from a mail questionnaire and from the Database for Forest Owner Analysis showed that self-activity is common in all categories of owners but more frequent among male and resident forest owners. Forest owners have relatively few knowledge sources. Besides being self-taught, the most common ways of learning are from their fathers and from attending forest days. The study also shows a strong connection between self-activity and self-estimated knowledge of forestry. The recommendation for communication planning is therefore to use the extent and type of self-activity among different groups of forest owners as a point of departure for planning communication strategies.
|
|
| 48. |
- Sandberg, Dick, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of the wood mechanical industry in the Swedish forest industry cluster
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 29:4, s. 352-359
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The forest and forest products form one of the most important basis for the transfer to a bio-based economy in Sweden. About 75% of the area covered by forest in Sweden is used industrially to produce raw material for the wood-refining industries. Every year, this cluster uses 75 million m(3) of roundwood and has an export value of (sic)12 billion. This review paper is devoted to the wood mechanical industry, i.e. the industry which turns the forest into sawn timber, packaging, construction wood, furniture and interior fittings. The sawmills consume about half of the volume of softwood which is felled, and about two-thirds of the sawn timber go to export without any further refining within the country. Nevertheless, in spite of the relatively low degree of refinement in the sawmill and the fact that the sawmills in general over time have a very low profitability, they are responsible for 70-80% of the forest owners' profits on the sale of timber. An increased upgrading of the sawn timber within the country is desirable from a national economic viewpoint increased employment opportunities, increased export income, etc. It should then in the first place be for products with a higher added value, such as furniture and fittings. Today, the refinement value is 15-20 times higher for products from joinery and furniture industries compared to that of the sawn timber, and the added value of the wood within the building industry is only about 1.5 times.
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
| 50. |
- Albert, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Risk of HIV transmission from patients on antiretroviral therapy: A position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 46:10, s. 673-677
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The modern medical treatment of HIV with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has drastically reduced the morbidity and mortality in patients infected with this virus. ART has also been shown to reduce the transmission risk from individual patients as well as the spread of the infection at the population level. This position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy is based on a workshop organized in the fall of 2012. It summarizes the latest research and knowledge on the risk of HIV transmission from patients on ART, with a focus on the risk of sexual transmission. The risk of transmission via shared injection equipment among intravenous drug users is also examined, as is the risk of mother-to-child transmission. Based on current knowledge, the risk of transmission through vaginal or anal intercourse involving the use of a condom has been judged to be minimal, provided that the person infected with HIV fulfils the criteria for effective ART. This probably also applies to unprotected intercourse, provided that no other sexually transmitted infections are present, although it is not currently possible to fully support this conclusion with direct scientific evidence. ART is judged to markedly reduce the risk of blood-borne transmission between people who share injection equipment. Finally, the risk of transmission from mother to child is very low, provided that ART is started well in advance of delivery.
|
|
