SwePub - sökning: L773:1110 7243

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1.	Barkefors, Irmeli, et al. (författare) Effect of fluid shear stress on endocytosis of heparan sulfate and low-density lipoproteins 2007 Ingår i: Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7243 .- 1110-7251. ; 2007 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Hemodynamic stress is a critical factor in the onset of atherosclerosis such that reduced rates of shear stress occurring at regions of high curvature are more prone to disease. The level of shear stress has direct influence on the thickness and integrity of the glycocalyx layer. Here we show that heparan sulfate, the main component of the glycocalyx layer, forms an intact layer only on cell surfaces subjected to shear, and not under static conditions. Furthermore, receptor-mediated endocytosis of heparan sulfate and low-density liporoteins is not detectable in cells exposed to shear stress. The internalized heparan sulfate and low-density lipoproteins are colocalized as shown by confocal imaging.
2.	Branco, V, et al. (författare) Biomarkers of adverse response to mercury: histopathology versus thioredoxin reductase activity 2012 Ingår i: Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7251 .- 1110-7243. ; 2012, s. 359879- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Exposure to mercury is normally assessed by measuring its accumulation in hair, blood or urine. Currently, the biomarkers of effect that have been proposed for mercurials, such as coproporphyrines or oxidative stress markers, are not sensitive enough and lack specificity. Selenium and selenoproteins are important targets for mercury and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in particular was shown to be very sensitive to mercury compounds bothin vitroandin vivo. In this study we looked into the relation between the inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity and histopathological changes caused by exposure to mercurials. Juvenile zeabra-seabreams were exposed to Hg2+or MeHg for 28 days and histopathological changes were analyzed in the liver and kidney as well as TrxR activity. Both mercurials caused histopathological changes in liver and kidney, albeit Hg2+caused more extensive and severe lesions. Likewise, both mercurials decreased TrxR activity, being Hg2+a stronger inhibitor. Co-exposure to Hg2+and Se fully prevented TrxR inhibition in the liver and reduced the severity of lesions in the organ. These results show that upon exposure to mercurials, histopathological alterations correlate with the level of TrxR activity and point to the potential use of this enzyme as a biomarker of mercury toxicity.
3.	Canesi, Laura, et al. (författare) Effects of fruit and vegetable low molecular mass fractions on gene expression in gingival cells challenged with Prevotella intermedia and Actinomyces naeslundii. 2011 Ingår i: Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7251 .- 1110-7243. ; 2011 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Low molecular mass (LMM) fractions obtained from extracts of raspberry, red chicory, and Shiitake mushrooms have been shown to be an useful source of specific antibacterial, antiadhesion/coaggregation, and antibiofilm agent(s) that might be used for protection towards caries and gingivitis. In this paper, the effects of such LMM fractions on human gingival KB cells exposed to the periodontal pathogens Prevotella intermedia and Actinomyces naeslundii were evaluated. Expression of cytokeratin 18 (CK18) and β4 integrin (β4INT) genes, that are involved in cell proliferation/differentiation and adhesion, and of the antimicrobial peptide β2 defensin (HβD2) in KB cells was increased upon exposure to either live or heat-killed bacteria. All LMM fractions tested prevented or reduced the induction of gene expression by P. intermedia and A. naeslundii depending on the experimental conditions. Overall, the results suggested that LMM fractions could modulate the effects of bacteria associated with periodontal disease in gingival cells.
4.	Cappadona, Salvatore, et al. (författare) Improved label-free LC-MS analysis by wavelet-based noise rejection 2010 Ingår i: Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7251 .- 1110-7243. ; 2010 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Label-free LC-MS analysis allows determining the differential expression level of proteins in multiple samples, without the use of stable isotopes. This technique is based on the direct comparison of multiple runs, obtained by continuous detection in MS mode. Only differentially expressed peptides are selected for further fragmentation, thus avoiding the bias toward abundant peptides typical of data-dependent tandem MS. The computational framework includes detection, alignment, normalization and matching of peaks across multiple sets, and several software packages are available to address these processing steps. Yet, more care should be taken to improve the quality of the LC-MS maps entering the pipeline, as this parameter severely affects the results of all downstream analyses. In this paper we show how the inclusion of a preprocessing step of background subtraction in a common laboratory pipeline can lead to an enhanced inclusion list of peptides selected for fragmentation and consequently to better protein identification.
5.	Centlow, Magnus, et al. (författare) Differential proteome analysis of the preeclamptic placenta using optimized protein extraction. 2010 Ingår i: Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7251 .- 1110-7243. ; 2010:Sep 13 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The human placenta is a difficult tissue to work with using proteomic technology since it contains large amounts of lipids and glycogen. Both lipids and glycogen are known to interfere with the first step in the two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE), the isoelectric focusing. In order to gain the best possible protein separation on 2D-PAGE, an optimized sample preparation protocol for placental proteins was developed. Two different buffers, urea/CHAPS and Hepes, were used for solubilization in combination with six different precipitation methods. The removal of glycogen from the samples by centrifugation was crucial for the final proteome maps. Solubilization with urea/CHAPS in combination with dichloromethane/methanol or acidified acetone proved to be the best precipitation procedures. When applied to clinical placenta samples apolipoprotein A1 was found to be accumulated in the preeclamptic placenta, where it may either have a nutritional effect or act as a modifier of signal transduction.
6.	Chase, P. Bryant, et al. (författare) Bionanotechnology and Nanomedicine 2012 Ingår i: Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7243 .- 1110-7251. ; 2012, s. Article ID 763967- Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
7.	Ciric, Lena, et al. (författare) In vitro assessment of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) extract for its antigingivitis activity. 2011 Ingår i: Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7251 .- 1110-7243. ; 2011 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Gingivitis is a preventable disease characterised by inflammation of the gums due to the buildup of a microbial biofilm at the gingival margin. It is implicated as a precursor to periodontitis, a much more serious problem which includes associated bone loss. Unfortunately, due to poor oral hygiene among the general population, gingivitis is prevalent and results in high treatment costs. Consequently, the option of treating gingivitis using functional foods, which promote oral health, is an attractive one. Medicinal mushrooms, including shiitake, have long been known for their immune system boosting as well as antimicrobial effects; however, they have not been employed in the treatment of oral disease. In the current study, the effectiveness of shiitake mushroom extract was compared to that of the active component in the leading gingivitis mouthwash, containing chlorhexidine, in an artificial mouth model (constant depth film fermenter). The total bacterial numbers as well as numbers of eight key taxa in the oral community were investigated over time using multiplex qPCR. The results indicated that shiitake mushroom extract lowered the numbers of some pathogenic taxa without affecting the taxa associated with health, unlike chlorhexidine which has a limited effect on all taxa.
8.	Daglia, Maria, et al. (författare) Plant and fungal food components with potential activity on the development of microbial oral diseases. 2011 Ingår i: Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7251 .- 1110-7243. ; 2011 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper reports the content in macronutrients, free sugars, polyphenols, and inorganic ions, known to exert any positive or negative action on microbial oral disease such as caries and gingivitis, of seven food/beverages (red chicory, mushroom, raspberry, green and black tea, cranberry juice, dark beer). Tea leaves resulted the richest material in all the detected ions, anyway tea beverages resulted the richest just in fluoride. The highest content in zinc was in chicory, raspberry and mushroom. Raspberry is the richest food in strontium and boron, beer in selenium, raspberry and mushroom in copper. Beer, cranberry juice and, especially green and black tea are very rich in polyphenols, confirming these beverages as important sources of such healthy substances. The fractionation, carried out on the basis of the molecular mass (MM), of the water soluble components occurring in raspberry, chicory, and mushroom extracts (which in microbiological assays revealed the highest potential action against oral pathogens), showed that both the high and low MM fractions are active, with the low MM fractions displaying the highest potential action for all the fractionated extracts. Our findings show that more compounds that can play a different active role occur in these foods.
9.	Fei, Xiaowen, et al. (författare) A novel negative Fe-deficiency-responsive element and a TGGCA-type-like FeRE control the expression of FTR1 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. 2010 Ingår i: Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7243 .- 1110-7251. ; 2010, s. 790247- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We have reported three Fe-deficiency-responsive elements (FEREs), FOX1, ATX1, and FEA1, all of which are positive regulatory elements in response to iron deficiency in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Here we describe FTR1, another iron regulated gene and mutational analysis of its promoter. Our results reveal that the FeREs of FTR1 distinguish itself from other iron response elements by containing both negative and positive regulatory regions. In FTR1, the -291/-236 region from the transcriptional start site is necessary and sufficient for Fe-deficiency-inducible expression. This region contains two positive FeREs with a TGGCA-like core sequence: the FtrFeRE1 (ATGCAGGCT) at -287/-279 and the FtrFeRE2 (AAGCGATTGCCAGAGCGC) at -253/-236. Furthermore, we identified a novel FERE, FtrFeRE3 (AGTAACTGTTAAGCC) localized at -319/-292, which negatively influences the expression of FTR1.
10.	Flodgren, Gerd, et al. (författare) Combining microdialysis and near infrared spectroscopy for studying effects of low-load repetitive work on the intramuscular chemistry in trapezius myalgia 2010 Ingår i: Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7243 .- 1110-7251. ; 2010 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Epidemiological research provides strong evidence for a link between repetitive work (RW) and the development of chronic trapezius myalgia (TM). The aims were to further elucidate if an accumulation of sensitising substances or impaired oxygenation is evident in painful muscles during RW. Females with TM (n=14) were studied during rest, 30 min RW and 60 min recovery. Microdialysate samples were obtained to determine changes in [glutamate], [PGE2], [lactate], and [pyruvate] relative to work. Muscle oxygenation (%StO2) was assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy. During work all investigated substances, except PGE2, increased significantly: [glutamate] (54%, P<0.0001), [lactate] (26%, P<0.005), [pyruvate] (19%, P<0.0001), while the %StO2 decreased (P<0.05). During recovery [PGE2] decreased (P<0.005), [lactate] remained increased (P<0.001), [pyruvate] increased progressively (P<0.0001), and %StO2 had returned to baseline. Changes in substance concentrations and oxygenation in response to work indicate normal increase in metabolism but no ongoing inflammation in subjects withTM.
11.	Ghidoni, R, et al. (författare) A window into the heterogeneity of human cerebrospinal fluid Aβ peptides 2011 Ingår i: Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7251 .- 1110-7243. ; 2011, s. 697036- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The initiating event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an imbalance in the production and clearance of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides leading to the formation of neurotoxic brain Aβassemblies. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), which is a continuum of the brain, is an obvious source of markers reflecting central neuropathologic features of brain diseases. In this review, we provide an overview and update on our current understanding of the pathobiology of human CSF Aβpeptides. Specifically, we focused our attention on the heterogeneity of the CSF Aβworld discussing (1) basic research studies and what has been translated to clinical practice, (2) monomers and other soluble circulating Aβassemblies, and (3) communication modes for Aβpeptides and their microenvironment targets. Finally, we suggest that Aβpeptides as well as other key signals in the central nervous system (CNS), mainly involved in learning and hence plasticity, may have a double-edged sword action on neuron survival and function.
12.	Granfeldt, Daniel, 1974, et al. (författare) Neutrophil Secretion Induced by an Intracellular Ca(2+) Rise and Followed by Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Recordings Occurs Without any Selective Mobilization of Different Granule Populations 2006 Ingår i: Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology. - 1110-7243. ; 2006:2, s. 97803-97803 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We have investigated calcium-induced secretion in human neutrophils, using a whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Mobilization of subcellular granules to the cell membrane was followed as the change in membrane capacitance ( big up tri, openC(m)). Both the magnitude and the kinetics of the response differed between low and high concentrations of Ca(2+). A sustained secretion following a short lag phase was induced by high concentrations of Ca(2+) (100muM and higher). A stable plateau was reached after 5-7 minutes at big up tri, openC(m) values corresponding to values expected after all specific as well as azurophil granules have been mobilized. Capacitance values of the same magnitude could be obtained also at lower Ca(2+) concentrations, but typically no stable plateau was reached within the measuring time. In contrast to previous studies, we were unable to detect any pattern of secretion corresponding to a distinct submaximal response or selective mobilization of granule subsets specified by their Ca(2+)-sensitivity.
13.	Harley, Isaac T. W., et al. (författare) The Role of Genetic Variation Near Interferon-Kappa in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 2010 Ingår i: Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7243 .- 1110-7251. ; , s. 706825- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by increased type I interferons (IFNs) and multiorgan inflammation frequently targeting the skin. IFN-kappa is a type I IFN expressed in skin. A pooled genome-wide scan implicated the IFNK locus in SLE susceptibility. We studied IFNK single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 3982 SLE cases and 4275 controls, composed of European (EA), African-American (AA), and Asian ancestry. rs12553951C was associated with SLE in EA males (odds ratio = 1.93, P = 2.5 x 10(-4)), but not females. Suggestive associations with skin phenotypes in EA and AA females were found, and these were also sex-specific. IFNK SNPs were associated with increased serum type I IFN in EA and AA SLE patients. Our data suggest a sex-dependent association between IFNK SNPs and SLE and skin phenotypes. The serum IFN association suggests that IFNK variants could influence type I IFN producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells in affected skin.
14.	Jin, J-P, et al. (författare) Muscle contractility and cell motility 2012 Ingår i: Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7243 .- 1110-7251. ; :Article ID 257812 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
15.	Klevebring, Daniel, 1981-, et al. (författare) Automation of cDNA Synthesis and Labelling Improves Reproducibility 2009 Ingår i: Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7243 .- 1110-7251. ; 2009, s. 396808- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background. Several technologies, such as in-depth sequencing and microarrays, enable large-scale interrogation of genomes and transcriptomes. In this study, we asses reproducibility and throughput by moving all laboratory procedures to a robotic workstation, capable of handling superparamagnetic beads. Here, we describe a fully automated procedure for cDNA synthesis and labelling for microarrays, where the puriﬁcation steps prior to and after labelling are based on precipitation of DNA on carboxylic acid-coated paramagnetic beads. Results. The fully automated procedure allows for samples arrayed on a microtiter plate to be processed in parallel without manual intervention and ensuring high reproducibility. We compare our results to a manual sample preparation procedure and, in addition, use a comprehensive reference dataset to show that the protocol described performs better than similar manual procedures. Conclusions. We demonstrate, in an automated gene expression microarray experiment, a reduced variance between replicates, resulting in an increase in the statistical power to detect diﬀerentially expressed genes, thus allowing smaller diﬀerences between samples to be identiﬁed. This protocol can with minor modiﬁcations be used to create cDNA libraries for other applications such as in-depth analysis using next-generation sequencing technologies.
16.	Lingström, Peter, 1960, et al. (författare) The anticaries effect of a food extract (shiitake) in a short-term clinical study. 2012 Ingår i: Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7251 .- 1110-7243. ; 2012 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The main objective was to investigate whether low-molecular-weight fraction of edible mushroom shiitake extract (Lentinus edodes) possesses caries-preventive properties. The study was designed as a double-blind, three-leg, cross-over, randomized, controlled clinical trial carried out on two series of volunteers at the University of Gothenburg, and the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam. Volunteers rinsed twice daily with a solution containing low-molecular-weight fraction of edible mushroom, placebo (negative control without active ingredients), or Meridol (positive control, AmF-SnF(2)) for two weeks, with a two-week washout period between each rinsing period. Changes in the acidogenicity of dental plaque before and after a sucrose challenge, shifts in microbial composition, and plaque scores were determined. Frequent rinses with shiitake reduced the metabolic activity of dental plaque. No reduction of plaque scores and no inhibition of the production of organic acids in plaque was found. Minor differences in microbial composition between test sessions were found. To conclude, the results indicate that shiitake extract has anticariogenic potential, but not to the same extent as the positive control.
17.	Lubovac, Zelmina (författare) Investigating Topological and Functional Features of Multimodular Proteins 2009 Ingår i: Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1110-7243 .- 1110-7251. ; , s. Article Number: 472415- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract To generate functional modules as functionally and structurally cohesive formations in protein interaction networks (PINs) constitutes an important step towards understanding how modules communicate on a higher level of the PIN organisation that underlies cell functionality. However, we need to understand how individual modules communicate and are organized into the higher-order structure(s) of the PIN organization that underlies cell functionality. In an attempt to contribute to this understanding, we make an assumption that the proteins reappearing in several modules, termed here as multimodular proteins (MMPs), may be useful in building higher-order structure(s) as they may constitute communication points between different modules. In this paper, we investigate common properties shared by these proteins and compare them with the properties of so called single-modular proteins (SMPs) by analyzing three aspects: functional aspect, that is, annotation of the proteins, topological aspect that is betweenness centrality of the proteins, and lethality. Furthermore, we investigate the interconnectivity role of some proteins that are identified as functionally and topologically important.
18.	Månsson, Alf, et al. (författare) Self-organization of motor-propelled cytoskeletal filaments at topographically defined borders. 2012 Ingår i: Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7243 .- 1110-7251. ; 2012, s. Article ID: 647265- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Self-organization phenomena are of critical importance in living organisms and of great interest to exploit in nanotechnology. Here we describe in vitro self-organization of molecular motor-propelled actin filaments, manifested as a tendency of the filaments to accumulate in high density close to topographically defined edges on nano- and microstructured surfaces. We hypothesized that this "edge-tracing" effect either (1) results from increased motor density along the guiding edges or (2) is a direct consequence of the asymmetric constraints on stochastic changes in filament sliding direction imposed by the edges. The latter hypothesis is well captured by a model explicitly defining the constraints of motility on structured surfaces in combination with Monte-Carlo simulations [cf. Nitta et al. (2006)] of filament sliding. In support of hypothesis 2 we found that the model reproduced the edge tracing effect without the need to assume increased motor density at the edges. We then used model simulations to elucidate mechanistic details. The results are discussed in relation to nanotechnological applications and future experiments to test model predictions.
19.	Nemeno-Guanzon, J. G., et al. (författare) Trends in Tissue Engineering for Blood Vessels 2012 Ingår i: Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7243 .- 1110-7251. ; 2012, s. article ID 956345- Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Over the years, cardiovascular diseases continue to increase and affect not only human health but also the economic stability worldwide. The advancement in tissue engineering is contributing a lot in dealing with this immediate need of alleviating human health. Blood vessel diseases are considered as major cardiovascular health problems. Although blood vessel transplantation is the most convenient treatment, it has been delimited due to scarcity of donors and the patient's conditions. However, tissue-engineered blood vessels are promising alternatives as mode of treatment for blood vessel defects. The purpose of this paper is to show the importance of the advancement on biofabrication technology for treatment of soft tissue defects particularly for vascular tissues. This will also provide an overview and update on the current status of tissue reconstruction especially from autologous stem cells, scaffolds, and scaffold-free cellular transplantable constructs. The discussion of this paper will be focused on the historical view of cardiovascular tissue engineering and stem cell biology. The representative studies featured in this paper are limited within the last decade in order to trace the trend and evolution of techniques for blood vessel tissue engineering.
20.	Rocha, JBT, et al. (författare) Mercury toxicity 2012 Ingår i: Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7251 .- 1110-7243. ; 2012, s. 831890- Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
21.	Signoretto, Caterina, et al. (författare) Effects of mushroom and chicory extracts on the physiology and shape of Prevotella intermedia, a periodontopathogenic bacterium. 2011 Ingår i: Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7251 .- 1110-7243. ; 2011 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Contrary to the common assumption that food has a negative impact on oral health, research has shown that several foods contain a number of components with antibacterial and antiplaque activity. These natural compounds may be useful for improving daily oral hygiene. In this study we evaluate the mode of antimicrobial action of fractions of mushroom and red chicory extracts on Prevotella intermedia, a periodontopathogenic bacterium. The minimal inhibitory concentration corresponded to 0.5x compared to the natural food concentration for both extracts. This concentration resulted in a bacteriostatic effect in mushroom extract and in a slightly bactericidal effect in chicory extract. Cell mass continued to increase even after division stopped. As regards macromolecular synthesis, DNA was almost totally inhibited upon addition of either mushroom or chicory extract, and RNA to a lesser extent, while protein synthesis continued. Cell elongation occurred after septum inhibition as documented by scanning electron microscopy and cell measurement. The morphogenetic effects are reminiscent of the mode of action of antibiotics such as quinolones or β-lactams. The discovery of an antibiotic-like mode of action suggests that these extracts can be advantageously employed for daily oral hygiene in formulations of cosmetic products such as mouthwashes and toothpastes.
22.	Signoretto, Caterina, et al. (författare) Testing a low molecular mass fraction of a mushroom (Lentinus edodes) extract formulated as an oral rinse in a cohort of volunteers. 2011 Ingår i: Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7251 .- 1110-7243. ; 2011 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Although foods are considered enhancing factors for dental caries and periodontitis, laboratory researches indicate that several foods and beverages contain components endowed with antimicrobial and antiplaque activities. A low molecular mass (LMM) fraction of an aqueous mushroom extract has been found to exert these activities in in vitro experiments against potential oral pathogens. We therefore conducted a clinical trial in which we tested an LMM fraction of shiitake mushroom extract formulated in a mouthrinse in 30 young volunteers, comparing the results with those obtained in two identical cohorts, one of which received water (placebo) and the other Listerine. Plaque index, gingival index and bacterial counts in plaque samples were determined in all volunteers over the 11 days of the clinical trial. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were obtained for the plaque index on day 12 in subjects treated with mushroom versus placebo, while for the gingival index significant differences were found for both mushroom versus placebo and mushroom versus Listerine. Decreases in total bacterial counts and in counts of specific oral pathogens were observed for both mushroom extract and Listerine in comparison with placebo. The data suggest that a mushroom extract may prove beneficial in controlling dental caries and/or gingivitis/periodontitis.
23.	Spratt, D A, et al. (författare) Evaluation of plant and fungal extracts for their potential antigingivitis and anticaries activity. 2012 Ingår i: Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7251 .- 1110-7243. ; 2012 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The link between diet and health has lead to the promotion of functional foods which can enhance health. In this study, the oral health benefits of a number of food homogenates and high molecular mass and low molecular mass fractions were investigated. A comprehensive range of assays were performed to assess the action of these foods on the development of gingivitis and caries using bacterial species associated with these diseases. Both antigingivitis and anticaries effects were investigated by assays examining the prevention of biofilm formation and coaggregation, disruption of preexisting biofilms, and the foods' antibacterial effects. Assays investigating interactions with gingival epithelial cells and cytokine production were carried out to assess the foods' anti- gingivitis properties. Anti-caries properties such as interactions with hydroxyapatite, disruption of signal transduction, and the inhibition of acid production were investigated. The mushroom and chicory homogenates and low molecular mass fractions show promise as anti-caries and anti-gingivitis agents, and further testing and clinical trials will need to be performed to evaluate their true effectiveness in humans.
24.	Svechnikov, K, et al. (författare) Endocrine disruptors and Leydig cell function 2010 Ingår i: Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7251 .- 1110-7243. ; 2010 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract During the past decades, a large body of information concerning the effects of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) on animals and humans has been accumulated. EDCs are of synthetic or natural origin and certain groups are known to disrupt the action of androgens and to impair the development of the male reproductive tract and external genitalia. The present overview describes the effects of the different classes of EDCs, such as pesticides, phthalates, dioxins, and phytoestrogens, including newly synthesized resveratrol analogs on steroidogenesis in Leydig cells. The potential impact of these compounds on androgen production by Leydig cells during fetal development and in the adult age is discussed. In addition, the possible role of EDCs in connection with the increasing frequency of abnormalities in reproductive development in animals and humans is discussed.
25.	Zaura, Egija, et al. (författare) The effects of fractions from shiitake mushroom on composition and cariogenicity of dental plaque microcosms in an in vitro caries model. 2011 Ingår i: Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7251 .- 1110-7243. ; 2011 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of the current study was to investigate the anticariogenic potential of the (sub)fractions obtained from the edible mushroom shiitake (Lentinula edodes) in in vitro caries model. We used a modified constant depth film fermentor (CDFF) with pooled saliva as the inoculum and bovine dentin as a substratum. The test compounds were low molecular weight fraction (MLMW) of the shiitake extract and subfractions 4 and 5 (SF4 and SF5) of this fraction. Chlorhexidine (CHX) and water served as a positive and a negative control, respectively. Dentin mineral loss was quantified (TMR), microbial shifts within the microcosms were determined (qPCR), and the acidogenicity of the microcosms was assessed (CIA). From the compounds tested, the SF4 of shiitake showed strong inhibiting effect on dentin demineralization and induced microbial shifts that could be associated with oral health. The acid producing potential was increased, suggesting uncoupling of the glycolysis of the microbiota by the exposure to SF4. In conclusion, the results suggest that SF4 of shiitake has an anticariogenic potential.
26.	Zhang, HL, et al. (författare) The role of apolipoprotein E in Guillain-Barré syndrome and experimental autoimmune neuritis 2010 Ingår i: Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7251 .- 1110-7243. ; 2010, s. 357412- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a 34.2 kDa glycosylated protein characterized by its wide tissue distribution and multiple functions. ApoE has been widely studied in lipid metabolism, cardiocerebrovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment, and so forth. Recently, a growing body of evidence has pointed to nonlipid related properties of apoE, including suppression of T cell proliferation, regulation of macrophage function, facilitation of lipid antigen presentation by CD1 molecules to natural killer T (NKT) cells, and modulation of inflammation and oxidation. By these properties, apoE impacts physiology and pathophysiology at multiple levels. The present paper summarizes updated studies on the immunoregulatory function of apoE, with special focus on isoform-specific effects of apoE on Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN).
27.	Zheng, XY, et al. (författare) Kainic acid-induced neurodegenerative model: potentials and limitations 2011 Ingår i: Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1110-7251 .- 1110-7243. ; 2011, s. 457079- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Excitotoxicity is considered to be an important mechanism involved in various neurodegenerative diseases in the central nervous system (CNS) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism by which excitotoxicity is implicated in neurodegenerative disorders remains unclear. Kainic acid (KA) is an epileptogenic and neuroexcitotoxic agent by acting on specific kainate receptors (KARs) in the CNS. KA has been extensively used as a specific agonist for ionotrophic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), for example, KARs, to mimic glutamate excitotoxicity in neurodegenerative models as well as to distinguish other iGluRs such asα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate receptors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Given the current knowledge of excitotoxicity in neurodegeneration, interventions targeted at modulating excitotoxicity are promising in terms of dealing with neurodegenerative disorders. This paper summarizes the up-to-date knowledge of neurodegenerative studies based on KA-induced animal model, with emphasis on its potentials and limitations.

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