| 1. |
- Alberti, Esteban, et al.
(författare)
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Prolonged Survival and expression of neural markers by bone marrow-derived stem cells transplanted into brain lesions
- 2009
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Ingår i: Medical Science Monitor. - 1234-1010 .- 1643-3750. ; 15:2, s. BR47-BR54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Bone marrow-derived stem cell transplantation is a potentially viable therapeutic option for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. MATERIAL/METHODS: We have isolated bone marrow stem cells by standard method. We then evaluated the survival of rats' bone marrow mononuclear cells implanted in rats' brain. The cells were extracted from rats' femurs, and marked for monitoring purposes by adenoviral transduction with Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). Labeled cells were implanted within the area of rats' striatum lesions that were induced a month earlier employing quinolinic acid-based method. The implants were phenotyped by monitoring CD34; CD38; CD45 and CD90 expression. Bone marrow stromal cells were extracted from rats' femurs and cultivated until monolayer bone marrow stromal cells were obtained. The ability of bone marrow stromal cells to express NGF and GDNF was evaluated by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Implanted cells survived for at least one month after transplantation and dispersed from the area of injection towards corpus callosum and brain cortex. Interestingly, passaged rat bone marrow stromal cells expressed NGF and GDNF mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: The bone marrow cells could be successfully transplanted to the brain either for the purpose of trans-differentiation, or for the expression of desired growth factors.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Olle, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the Swedish translation of LPR-HRQL.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Medical science monitor. - 1234-1010. ; 16:10, s. CR480-CR487
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to adapt the Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Health- Related Quality of Life questionnaire (LPR-HRQL) to Swedish and evaluate its psychometric properties in patients with suspected laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). MATERIAL/METHODS: The psychometric validation included 228 patients with suspected LPR who had previously undergone a 2-level 24-hour pH examination and who answered a mail-distributed set of questionnaires. The patients were divided into 2 comparable groups according to the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) cut-off score: 126 patients with RSI score between 0-13 (defined as normal) and 102 patients with RSI score >13 (defined as abnormal, i.e. having LPR disease). RESULTS: LPR-HRQL was adapted to Swedish using a formal forward-backward translation method with input from expert groups (patients and physicians). Psychometric properties of the Swedish version of LPR-HRQL were evaluated by using factor analysis to explore the factor structure. Convergent and discriminant validity was determined by using the questionnaires RSI and Short Form-36 (SF-36). The psychometric tests performed fulfilled the criteria for structural integrity, validity and reliability, mostly confirming the results obtained in the original LPR-HRQL version. CONCLUSIONS: The Swedish translated version of LPR-HRQL proved to be a statistically valid instrument with which to assess HRQL in patients with LPR disease, and will be further tested in prospective studies.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Celik, Betul, et al.
(författare)
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Level of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing-ligand and CXCL8 correlated with 2-[18F]Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in anti-VEGF treated colon cancers
- 2013
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Ingår i: Medical Science Monitor. - : Medical Science International. - 1234-1010 .- 1643-3750. ; 19, s. 875-882
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe changes and correlations of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing-ligand) and CXCL8 (IL8) prior to treatment and three months following therapy as well as the corresponding Positron emission tomography (PET/CT) (SUVmax: standardized uptake maximum values) results were evaluated.Material/MethodsThe measurements were taken before and after treatment for comparison purposes. The study population comprised 29 patients with Metastatic Colorectal cancer (MCRC), undergoing PET/CT scanning prior to treatment.ResultsThere were significant changes prior to treatment and three months later for sTRAIL (p=0.0080) and CXCL8 (p=0.0001)values. Generally, sTRAIL values were increasing during therapy, while a decrease was observed for CXCL8. Correlation analysis was applied to the data and revealed significant correlations for the SUVmax in the primary tumor prior to treatment and CXCL8 prior to therapy (p=0.0303). Furthermore, significant correlations were observed for the SUVmax and sTRAIL (p=0.0237) as well as CXCL8 (p=0.0002) three months after treatment initiation. CXCL8 prior to treatment was also correlated with the SUV three months after onset of treatment (p=0.0072). A significant correlation was noted for one combination of two variables, the SUVmax in the metastases and CXCL8 prior to treatment (p=0.0175). These results are supported when we group the SUVmax in the metastases following treatment into two groups with SUVmax <5 and SUVmax >5.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that proteomics patterns of sTRAIL and CXCL8 predict tumor response und survival in MCRC patients treated with bevacizumab and within a high concordance of FDG-PET/CT findings.
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| 5. |
- Ghavami, Saeid, et al.
(författare)
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Apoptosis in liver diseases - detection and therapeutic applications
- 2005
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Ingår i: Medical Science Monitor. - 1234-1010 .- 1643-3750. ; 11:11, s. RA337-RA345
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The liver is continuously exposed to a large antigenic load that includes pathogens, toxins, tumor cells and dietary antigens. Amongst the hepatitis viruses, only hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) cause chronic hepatitis, which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Of the different antiviral defense systems employed by the tissue, apoptosis significantly contributes to the prevention of viral replication, dissemination, and persistence. Loss of tolerance to the liver autoantigens may result in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). This review outlines the recent findings that highlight the role and mechanisms of apoptotic processes in the course of liver diseases. Among factors that contribute to liver pathology, we discuss the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, HBx, ds-PKR, TRAIL, FasL, and IL-1 alpha. Since TNF and FasL-induced hepatocyte apoptosis is implicated in a wide range of liver diseases, including viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, ischemia/reperfusion liver injury, and fulminant hepatic failure, these items will be discussed in greater detail in this review. We also highlight some recent discoveries that pave the way for the development of new therapeutic strategies by protecting hepatocytes (for example by employing Bcl-2, Bcl-X-L or A1/Bfl-1, IAPs, or synthetic caspase inhibitors), or by the induction of apoptosis in stellate cells. The assessment of the severity of liver disease, as well as monitoring of patients with chronic liver disease, remains a major challenge in clinical hepatology practice. Therefore, a separate chapter is devoted to a novel cytochrome c - based method useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of fulminant hepatitis.
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| 6. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics and outcome among women and men transported by ambulance due to symptoms arousing suspicion of acute coronary syndrome
- 2002
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Ingår i: Medical Science Monitor. - : Medical Science International Sp. z o.o.. - 1234-1010 .- 1643-3750. ; 8:4, s. 251-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcome in relation to sex in consecutive patients who were transported by an ambulance due to symptoms arousing suspicion of acute coronary syndrome. MATERIAL/METHODS: Our research involved all patients transported by ambulance over a 3-month period in the community of Göteborg due to such symptoms. The P-values were age adjusted. RESULTS: Of the 930 transported patients fulfilling the given criteria, 452 (49%) were of women. The women were older and had a lower incidence of previous acute myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and current smoking. Women less frequently had a final diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (22.3% vs 36.6%; p<0.0001) or acute myocardial infarction (10.1% vs 17.9%; p<0.0001). However, the mortality rate during one year was the same in women (17.2%) and men (18.7%). Women were less frequently clammy on admission to the ambulance (17% vs 30%; p<0.0001) and less frequently showed signs of myocardial ischemia in ECG upon admission to the emergency department (26% vs 38%; p<0.0001) compared to men. Among those patients with an acute coronary syndrome, women more frequently complained of dyspnea than men (27% vs 12%; p=0.018). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that among ambulance transported patients with suspicion of acute coronary syndrome there are some differences between women and men in terms of their characteristics and underlying etiology, but not in terms of the risk of mortality.
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| 7. |
- Janiszewska-Olszowska, Joanna, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of orthodontic debonding and adhesive removal on the enamel - current knowledge and future perspectives - a systematic review.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Medical Science Monitor. - : Int Scientific Literature. - 1234-1010 .- 1643-3750. ; 20, s. 1991-2001
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After orthodontic treatment, brackets are debonded and residual adhesive is removed, causing iatrogenic enamel damage. The aim of this study was to review the methods of orthodontic adhesive removal, find clear evidence, and provide a rationale for this procedure. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Scopus, Cochrane, Google, and Google Scholar using keywords: orthodontic adhesive removal, orthodontic debonding, orthodontic clean-up. Studies concerning human enamel roughness or loss from debonding and adhesive removal were considered. Forty-four full-text articles were analyzed and 3 were rejected after detailed reading; finally 41 papers were included. Fifteen qualitative studies, 13 studies based on indices of enamel surface, and 13 quantitative studies were found. No meta-analysis could be performed due to a lack of homogenous quantitative evidence. The most popular tools were tungsten carbide burs, which were faster and more effective than Sof-Lex discs, ultrasonic tools, hand instruments, rubbers, or composite burs. They remove a substantial layer of enamel and roughen its surface, but are less destructive than Arkansas stones, green stones, diamond burs, steel burs, and lasers. Multi-step Sof-Lex discs and pumice slurry are the most predictable enamel polishing tools. Arkansas stones, green stones, diamond burs, steel burs, and lasers should not be used for adhesive removal. The use of tungsten carbide bur requires multistep polishing. Further efforts should be made to find tools and methods for complete removal of adhesive remnants, minimizing enamel loss and achieving a smooth surface.
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| 8. |
- Lorito, Guiscardo, et al.
(författare)
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Dose-dependent protection on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity : an electrophysiological study on the effect of three antioxidants in the Sprague-Dawley rat animal model
- 2011
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Ingår i: Medical Science Monitor. - Warsaw, Poland : Medical Science International. - 1234-1010 .- 1643-3750. ; 17:8, s. BR179-BR186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sprague-Dawley rats were used as an acute cisplatin ototoxicity model to compare the chemo-protective efficacy of 2 sulphur-containing antioxidants (D-methionine, N-L-acetylcysteine) and 1 seleno-organic compound (ebselen). Each putative chemo-protective agent was tested at 3 different dosages in order to assess the influence of dose on auditory preservation. Material/Methods: A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley albino male rats were used in the study. Animals were divided into 10 groups, 3 groups of different doses for each protective agent and a cisplatin-treated control group. The animals were weight-matched before drug exposure to ensure similar weights in all groups. Auditory function was assessed with auditory brainstem responses and distortion product otoacoustic emissions at time zero and at 96 hours post-treatment. Results: At the post-treatment follow-up no significant threshold change at 8 kHz was found in the D-Met- and NAC-treated groups. All ebselen-treated animals presented significant threshold elevations. At 12 and 16 kHz, only the groups treated with 300, 450 mg/kg of D-Met and 475 mg/kg of NAC presented thresholds comparable to the pre-treatment ABR data. The ebselen-treated animals presented significant threshold shifts and showed the highest threshold elevations. The DPOAE data analysis showed that only the animals from the 350 mg/kg D-met group presented lack of statistical differences between the pre and post recordings. Conclusions: Considering the outcome from the ABR and DPOAE analyses together, only the 350 mg/kg D-met group presented a complete auditory preservation against the 14 mg/kg cisplatin administered i.v. Data from ebselen pre-treated Sprague-Dawley albino male rats demonstrate that ebselen dosages up to 12 mg/kg given by i.p. administration lack auditory preservation in this species.
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| 9. |
- Vidakovic, Maja Rogic, et al.
(författare)
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Using Cutaneous Receptor Vibration to Uncover the Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) on Motor Cortical Excitability
- 2020
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Ingår i: Medical Science Monitor. - : International Scientific Information, Inc.. - 1234-1010 .- 1643-3750. ; 26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Little is known about how vibrational stimuli applied to hand digits affect motor cortical excitability. The present transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) study investigated motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the upper extremity muscle following high-frequency vibratory digit stimulation. Material/Methods: High-frequency vibration was applied to the upper extremity digit II utilizing a miniature electromagnetic solenoid-type stimulator-tactor in 11 healthy study participants. The conditioning stimulation (C) preceded the test magnetic stimulation (T) by inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) of 5-500 ms in 2 experimental sessions. The TMS was applied over the primary motor cortex for the hand abductor pollicis-brevis (APB) muscle. Results: Dunnett's multiple comparisons test indicated significant suppression of MEP amplitudes at ISIs of 200 ms (P=0.001), 300 ms (P=0.023), and 400 ms (P=0.029) compared to control. Conclusions: MEP amplitude suppression was observed in the APB muscle at ISIs of 200-400 ms, applying afferent signaling that originates in skin receptors following the vibratory stimuli. The study provides novel insight on the time course and MEP modulation following cutaneous receptor vibration of the hand digit. The results of the study may have implications in neurology in the neurorehabilitation of patients with increased amplitude of MEPs.
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| 10. |
- Wang, Zhida, et al.
(författare)
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Development and Validation of a Prevalence Model for Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) Among Patients First Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Medical Science Monitor. - 1234-1010 .- 1643-3750. ; 27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We designed this study to develop and validate a prevalence model for latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) among people initially diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Material/Methods: The study recruited 930 patients aged 318 years who were diagnosed with T2DM within the past year. Demographic information, medical history, and clinical biochemistry records were collected. Logistic regression was used to develop a regression model to distinguish LADA from T2DM. Predictors of LADA were identified in a subgroup of patients (n=632) by univariate logistic regression analysis. From this we developed a prediction model using multivariate logistic regression analysis and tested its sensitivity and specificity among the remaining patients (n=298).Results: Among 930 recruited patients, 880 had T2DM (96.4%) and 50 had LADA (5.4%). Compared to T2DM patients, LADA patients had fewer surviving b cells and reduced insulin production. We identified age, ketosis, history of tobacco smoking, 1-hour plasma glucose (1hPG-AUC), and 2-hour C-peptide (2hCP-AUC) as the main predictive factors for LADA (P<0.05). Based on this, we developed a multivariable logistic regression model: Y=-8.249-0.035(X1)+1.755(X2)+1.008(X3)+0.321(X4)-0.126(X5), where Y is diabetes status (0=T2DM, 1=LADA), X1 is age, X2 is ketosis (1=no, 2=yes), X3 is history of tobacco smoking (1=no, 2=yes), X4 is 1hPG-AUC, and X5 is 2hCP-AUC. The model has high sensitivity (78.57%) and selectivity (67.96%).Conclusions: This model can be applied to people newly diagnosed with T2DM. When Y 30.0472, total autoantibody screening is recommended to assess LADA.
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| 11. |
- Xu, Yuanxin, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of RNA Expression Profiles in Thyroid Cancer to Construct a Competing Endogenous RNA (ceRNA) Network of mRNAs, Long Noncoding RNAs (IncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Medical Science Monitor. - 1234-1010 .- 1643-3750. ; 25, s. 1140-1154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aims of this study were to use RNA expression profile bioinformatics data from cases of thyroid cancer from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and the Gene Ontology (GO) databases to construct a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of mRNAs, long noncoding RNAs (IncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs).Material/Methods: TCGA provided RNA profiles from 515 thyroid cancer tissues and 56 normal thyroid tissues. The DESeq R pack- age analyzed high-throughput sequencing data on differentially expressed RNAs. GO and KEGG pathway analysis used the DAVID 6.8 and the ClusterProfile R package. Kaplan-Meier survival statistics and Cox regression analysis were performed. The thyroid cancer ceRNA network was constructed based on the miRDB, miRTar-Base, and TargetScan databases.Results: There were 1,098 mRNAs associated with thyroid cancer; 101 mRNAs were associated with overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis developed a risk scoring system that identified seven signature mRNAs, with a discriminative value of 0.88, determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. A ceRNA network included 13 mRNAs, 31 IncRNAs, and seven miRNAs. Four out of the 31 IncRNAs and all miRNAs were down-regulated, and the remaining RNAs were upregulated. Two IncRNAs (MIR1281A2HG and OPCML-IT1) and one miRNA (miR-184) were significantly associated with OS in patients with thyroid cancer.Conclusions: Differential RNA expression profiling in thyroid cancer was used to construct a ceRNA network of mRNAs, IncRNAs, and miRNAs that showed potential in evaluating prognosis.
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| 12. |
- Yalcin, Arzu Didem, et al.
(författare)
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Soluble trail as a marker of efficacy of allergen-specific immunotherapy in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
- 2012
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Ingår i: Medical Science Monitor. - : Medical Science International Publishing. - 1234-1010 .- 1643-3750. ; 18:10, s. CR617-CR621
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Allergic rhinitis is a common health problem affecting the immune system. The homeostasis of the immune system is regulated by apoptosis. In this study, serum circulating soluble TRAIL levels of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis patients before and after allergen-specific immunotherapy were evaluated.MATERIAL/METHODS:The sTRAIL levels of pre- and post-treated allergic rhinoconjunctivitis patients (n=25) were compared to age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (n=25). sTRAIL levels were measured by ELISA. The skin prick test (SPT) results were recorded before and after treatment.RESULTS:The sTRAIL levels between the pre-treated and control groups were significantly different (p<0.0001). However, there was no significant difference between the post-treated group and healthy individuals (p=0,801). SPT was a statistically significant difference between the values of the research group before and after immunotherapy (grasses mixture, barley mixture, Oleaauropeae, D. Pteronyssinus, D. farinae).CONCLUSIONS:The sTRAIL levels were decreased after allergen-specific immunotherapy to healthy levels and may be of use as a marker of efficacy of immunotherapy in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis patients.
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| 13. |
- Bielawski, Krzysztof Plotr, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of lamivudine-resistant variants of hepatitis B virus by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis: A novel approach to monitoring drug resistance
- 2008
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Ingår i: Medical Science Monitor. - 1643-3750. ; 14:5, s. 281-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A DGGE-based assay for hepatitis B virus (HBV) drug-resistance monitoring was designed and checked for feasibility. It detects mutations within the YMDD motif related to lamivudine resistance. Material/Methods: The YMDD motif of HBV polymerase was amplified by the set of primers designed in this study. DGGE analysis of the amplicons was performed on 9% polyacrylamide gels containing a 20-40% gradient of urea plus formamide and electrophoresis was performed. DNA sequencing was performed using a standard protocol. Results: Based on the DGGE pattern of previously sequenced HBV variants, a reference ladder consisting of bands was constructed within and near the YMDD motif of HBV with excellent resolution. The genotypes of all the fragments included in the ladder were confirmed by sequencing after DGGE analysis. The flexibility of DGGE was demonstrated by the ability to add more bands to the migration ladder when new variants were discovered during the analysis of patient specimens. Clinical samples from HBV-infected patients were also used to demonstrate the performance of this approach. Conclusions: This preliminary feasibility study of HBV drug-resistance monitoring by means of DGGE shows the potential advantage of this approach for low-cost screening for viral drug resistance in clinical settings. The presented example can be extended to detect other mutations related to drug resistance in the HBV genome as well as other viruses.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Dohmen, Pascal M, et al.
(författare)
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Use of incisional negative pressure wound therapy on closed median sternal incisions after cardiothoracic surgery: clinical evidence and consensus recommendations.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Medical Science Monitor. - 1643-3750. ; 20, s. 1814-1825
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Negative pressure wound therapy is a concept introduced initially to assist in the treatment of chronic open wounds. Recently, there has been growing interest in using the technique on closed incisions after surgery to prevent potentially severe surgical site infections and other wound complications in high-risk patients. Negative pressure wound therapy uses a negative pressure unit and specific dressings that help to hold the incision edges together, redistribute lateral tension, reduce edema, stimulate perfusion, and protect the surgical site from external infectious sources. Randomized, controlled studies of negative pressure wound therapy for closed incisions in orthopedic settings (which also is a clean surgical procedure in absence of an open fracture) have shown the technology can reduce the risk of wound infection, wound dehiscence, and seroma, and there is accumulating evidence that it also improves wound outcomes after cardiothoracic surgery. Identifying at-risk individuals for whom prophylactic use of negative pressure wound therapy would be most cost-effective remains a challenge; however, several risk-stratification systems have been proposed and should be evaluated more fully. The recent availability of a single-use, closed incision management system offers surgeons a convenient and practical means of delivering negative pressure wound therapy to their high-risk patients, with excellent wound outcomes reported to date. Although larger, randomized, controlled studies will help to clarify the precise role and benefits of such a system in cardiothoracic surgery, limited initial evidence from clinical studies and from the authors' own experiences appears promising. In light of the growing interest in this technology among cardiothoracic surgeons, a consensus meeting, which was attended by a group of international experts, was held to review existing evidence for negative pressure wound therapy in the prevention of wound complications after surgery and to provide recommendations on the optimal use of negative pressure wound therapy on closed median sternal incisions after cardiothoracic surgery.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Johnson, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Trismus in head and neck cancer patients in Sweden: incidence and risk factors.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Medical science monitor. - 1234-1010. ; 16:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim was to retrospectively investigate trismus (reduced mandible mobility) development in specified head and neck (H&N) cancer diagnosis according to different radiotherapy dosage regimens. MATERIAL/METHODS: Sixty-nine out of 246 patients with different H&N cancer diagnoses and available maximum interincisal opening (MIO) measurements before and after treatment were analyzed according to age, gender, radiation dose, tumor site and stage, and Karnofsky Performance Status Scale index. MIO was measured over time (range: 3-48 months), with a cutoff criterion for trismus of 35 mm. RESULTS: Overall, 42% of the patients had post-treatment MIO <35 mm, and trismus incidence was highest in patients treated for parotid gland tumors followed by those treated for nasopharyngeal cancers. The mean MIO values at baseline were significantly different (p=0.0078) between patients who developed trismus (i.e. MIO <35 mm; mean: 43 mm) and those who did not (mean: 51 mm). The trismus patients also had significantly larger tumors (p=0.0437), poorer physical function before start of treatment (p=0.0344), and had more often received a higher total tumor radiation dose (p=0.0418). CONCLUSIONS: This study reports a high incidence of trismus in H&N cancer patients after treatment. Furthermore, it was found that poor physical function before the start of treatment and high external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) dosages (>50 Gy) were related to significantly more trismus. Future prospective studies are needed to provide a better understanding of different risk factors associated with trismus development, the impact on health-related quality of life, and the effects of early treatment.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Liu, Jian-Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Hepatic cirrhosis increases sensitivity of kidney to endotoxin in rats
- 2002
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Ingår i: Medical Science Monitor. - 1643-3750. ; 8:2, s. 56-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Renal failure in cirrhotic patients is a severe complication and endotoxemia might be involved. We investigated the effect of endotoxin on renal function of cirrhotic rats and the potential protective role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). MATERIAL/METHODS: Hepatic cirrhosis was generated in a rat model by carbon tetrachloride. Both cirrhotic and normal rats were insulted by endotoxin intravenously, while another cirrhotic group was pre-treated with NAC. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were assayed eight hours later. The changes in serum tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) were assayed by ELISA. The histological changes in the kidney were observed after hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS: Endotoxin increased the BUN and creatinine levels in both normal and cirrhotic rats, with a much higher elevation in the latter group. TNF-a concentration was also increased by endotoxin; the changes are positively correlated with BUN and creatinine. NAC pretreatment significantly attenuates the effects of endotoxin on BUN, creatinine and TNF-a levels in cirrhotic rats with no improvement in systemic toxicity symptoms. There were no obvious histological changes in the kidney of these animals. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic cirrhosis increased the sensitivity of renal function to endotoxemia, which may be protected by NAC.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 25. |
- Sallin, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Osteoporosis in a nursing home, determined by the DEXA technique.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. - 1234-1010. ; 11:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- le lBACKGROUND: iving in a nursing home are prone to osteoporosis due to high age, many different diseases, and decreased mobility. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of osteoporosis in a Swedish nursing home. In this MATERIAL/ METHODS: cross-sectional study of residents living in a nursing home, 35 persons (10 men and 25 women) with a mean age of 84 years (range: 76-97) for the men and 84 years (range: 58-95) for the women were examined. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in a sitting position performed on the heel to determine the T-score, Z-score, BMD, and thickness, as well as biochemical tests for s-calcium and s-parathyroid hormone were employed. Ninety-tRESULTS: wo per cent of the women and 70 per cent of the men had osteoporosis according to the WHO definition, i.e. a T-score of less than -2.5 standard deviations (SD) compared with a young female population. The remaining residents had osteopenia (T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 SD) and none had normal bone density. Two cases of suspected primary hyperparathyroidism were detected among the women. The prevCONCLUSIONS: alence of osteoporosis in this nursing home was very high. It is conceivable that such a degree of osteoporosis is usual in corresponding nursing homes, which should be taken into consideration by prevention against future fragility fractures with available non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment.
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| 26. |
- Sarac, S., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Patient Education on Compliance with Positive Airway Pressure Treatment in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- 2017
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Ingår i: Medical Science Monitor. - 1643-3750. ; 23, s. 1792-1799
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We addressed the impact of patient education followed by frequent visits on compliance with positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a Turkish sleep clinic cohort. Material/Methods: This single-center, randomized, controlled study was conducted in Istanbul, Turkey between June 2014 and April 2015. Among 115 eligible OSA patients (mean age 51.0 +/- 9.3 years; 75.5% men), 63 were randomized to standard support (SS) group (general information about OSA and PAP treatment at baseline), and 52 to educational support (ES) group (additional polysomnography chart viewing from both diagnostic and titration nights). All patients were scheduled to five PAP control visits between two weeks and six months after the PAP prescription. Primary outcome was the PAP compliance (4 hours/night for 70% of all the nights) at the last visit. Results: Average PAP usage was 4.2 +/- 2.5 hours/night in the SS group, and 5.2 +/- 2.1 hours/night in the ES group (p=0.027). PAP compliance was achieved among 68.3% in the SS group, and 86.5% in the ES group (p=0.021). In a multivariate analysis, ES strategy followed by frequent visits predicted PAP compliance (odds ratio [OR] 3.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-10.6; p=0.020). Other predictors were obesity (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.2-9.7; p=0.019) and severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index >= 30/hour) at baseline (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.2-17.6; p=0.023). Primary school education level was inversely related with PAP compliance (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.9; p=0.036). Conclusions: Patient education with polysomnography chart view followed by frequent visits increased long-term compliance with PAP treatment.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Viggedal, Gerd, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropsychological follow-up into young adulthood of term infants born small for gestational age
- 2004
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Ingår i: Med Sci Monit. - 1234-1010. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to investigate whether children born small for gestational age without other complications nor signs of neurological impairment or developmental delay before 18 months of age may display neuropsychological impairments later in life. MATERIAL/METHODS: Neuropsychological outcome, school achievement, and social adjustment in young adulthood (21-28 years of age) were investigated in a prospectively followed group of 17 children born small for gestational age (SGA) and compared with 30 controls born with appropriate weight. A questionnaire including items about highest education, present social situation, and self-estimation of health was conducted. A comprehensive neuropsychological assessment of the main aspects of cognitive function was performed in 12 young adults from the SGA group and compared with 18 subjects selected as normal controls. Intelligence, verbal functions, visuo-spatial and visuo-constructive functions, learning and memory of words and figures, attention, lateral preference, motor functions, and cognitive adaptive functions were investigated. RESULTS: The young adults born SGA displayed lower intelligence quotients, specifically reduced verbal comprehension and deficits in figurative learning and memory functions, compared with normal controls. No differences in educational achievement and social adjustment were found. Neither were any differences observed in maternal education levels. CONCLUSIONS: Infants born SGA display a reduced cognitive capacity at young adult age compared with controls. However, this lower capacity is not considered sufficiently severe to affect educational level or social adjustment.
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