| 1. |
- Kato, Shuri, et al.
(författare)
-
Clone identification in Japanese flowering cherry (Prunus subgenus Cerasus) cultivars using nuclear SSR markers
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Breeding Science. - : Japanese Society of Breeding. - 1344-7610 .- 1347-3735. ; 62:3, s. 248-255
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous cultivars of Japanese flowering cherry (Prunus subgenus Cerasus) are recognized, but in many cases they are difficult to distinguish morphologically. Therefore, we evaluated the clonal status of 215 designated cultivars using 17 SSR markers. More than half the cultivars were morphologically distinct and had unique genotypes. However, 22 cultivars were found to consist of multiple clones, which probably originate from the chance seedlings, suggesting that their unique characteristics have not been maintained through propagation by grafting alone. We also identified 23 groups consisting of two or more cultivars with identical genotypes. Most members of these groups were putatively synonymously related and morphologically identical. However, some of them were probably derived from bud sport mutants and had distinct morphologies. SSR marker analysis provided useful insights into the clonal status of the examined Japanese flowering cherry cultivars and proved to be a useful tool for cultivar characterization.
|
|
| 2. |
- Salomon, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Evolutionary process of Hordeum brachyantherum 6x and related tetraploid species revealed by nuclear DNA sequences
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Breeding Science. - : Japanese Society of Breeding. - 1344-7610 .- 1347-3735. ; 59, s. 611-616
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A hexaploid form of Hordeum brachlyantherum ssp. brachyantherum was discovered in California in 1980, and its origin has since been studied over the past three decades. We applied EF-G, a nuclear DNA sequence, to infer the parents of the hexaploid form. In polyploid taxa, amplified DNAs were cloned into a vector, and EF-G copies were amplified from the colonies by PCR and digested with restriction enzymes to separate different types. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the DNA sequences. The result showed that H. brachyantherum ssp. brachyantherum 6x and 4x carried one identical DNA sequence of 910 bp, and had closely related DNA sequences of 931 bp. H. brachyantherum ssp. brachyantherum 6x and H. marinum ssp. gussoneanum 2x shared one identical DNA sequence of 915 bp. From these results we hypothesized that H. brachyantherum ssp. brachyantherum 6x has evolved by an outcrossing between H. marinum ssp. gussoneanum 2x and H. brachyantherum ssp. brachyantherum 4x, followed by a chromosome doubling. Our results also indicate that H. marinum was involved in the polyploidization of H. secalinum, H. capense, and H. marinum. The origins of H. jubatum and H. depressum are discussed.
|
|
| 3. |
- Salomon, Björn
(författare)
-
Molecular evolution and origin of tetraploid Elymus species
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Breeding Science. - : Japanese Society of Breeding. - 1344-7610 .- 1347-3735. ; 59, s. 487-491
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well known that Elymus arose through hybridization between representatives of different genera and several different polyhaplomic genomes have been described. Cytogenetically, five basic genomes (St, H, Y, P and W) in different combinations have been found in the genus. The vast majority of species are tetraploids and they are characterized by having the StY genome or the StH genome. It is not known where the Y genome originated, although it is a common in Elymus from Central and East Asia. It has been hypothesized from isozymic and cytological studies of Elymus species that the Old and New World taxa may be of separate origin of the H genome in the StH genome species. Data from single copy of nuclear gene RPB2 indicated that the Eurasian and American StH genome species have independent alloploid origins with different H-genome donors. This hypothesis is needed to be tested by using more molecular data. Sequences from single copy of nuclear genes (RPB2, beta-amylase gene and EF-G) indicated that StY genome species is allopolyploid origin. This paper presents a briefly review on current status of molecular evolution and origin of tetraploid Elymus species.
|
|
| 4. |
- Tigabu, Mulualem
(författare)
-
Transcriptome sequencing and gene expression profiling of Pinus sibirica under different cold stresses
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Breeding Science. - : Japanese Society of Breeding. - 1344-7610 .- 1347-3735. ; 71, s. 550-563
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cold stress is a major abiotic factor that affects plant growth and geographical distribution. Pinus sibirica is extremely frigostable tree species. To understand the molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance by P. sibirica, physiological responses were analyzed and transcriptome profiling was conducted to the plants treated by cold stress. The physiological data showed that membrane permeability relative conductivity (REC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malonaldehyde (MDA) content, peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity, soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline contents were increased significantly (p < 0.05) in response to cold stress. Transcriptome analysis identified a total of 871, 1397 and 872 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after cold treatment for 6 h, 24 h and 48 h at -20 degrees C, respectively. The signaling pathway mediated by Ca2+ as a signaling molecule and abscisic acid pathways were the main cold signal transduction pathways in P. sibirica. The APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) and MYB transcription factor families also play an important role in the transcriptional regulation of P. sibirica. In addition, many genes related to photosynthesis were differentially expressed under cold stress. We also validated the reliability of transcriptome data with quantitative real-time PCR. This study lays the foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms related to cold responses in P. sibirica.
|
|
| 5. |
- Von Bothmer, Roland
(författare)
-
Phylogeny of two tetraploid Hordeum species, H. secalinum and H. capense inferred from physical mapping of 5S and 18S-25S rDNA
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Breeding Science. - : Japanese Society of Breeding. - 1344-7610 .- 1347-3735. ; 59, s. 589-594
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We previously showed that H. secalinum and H. capense are allotetraploids carrying the Xa genome of H. marinum and the I genome of an unidentified diploid species. In this study, intraspecific variation in each tetraploid species was investigated with regard to intergenomic translocations and chromosomal distribution of rDNA sites. Genomic in situ hybridization revealed that three H. secalinum accessions examined did not carry intergenomic translocations, but that two of three H. capsense accessions analyzed carried a pair of intergenomic translocations. Multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that H. secalinum? included two types of rDNA pattern differing in the presence or absence of an extra 5S rDNA site in a submetacentric chromosome pair of the Xa-genome origin. The extra 5S rDNA site was found in all H. capense accessions examined. This 5S rDNA site is characteristic of H. marinum ssp. gussoneanum, but is absent in ssp. marinum. Polymorphisms in the 5S rDNA site infer that H. secalinum included two types, one having ssp. gussoneanum 2x and the other having ssp. marinum, as the Xa-genome donor. We conclude that H. capense originated from a limited number of H. secalinum accessions introduced probably through migrating birds to South Africa.
|
|
