| 1. |
- Sandén, Björn, 1968
(författare)
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Solar Solution: The next industrial revolution
- 2008
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 11:12, s. 22-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The industrial revolution 200 years ago freed society from the limitations of bioenergy and brought tremendous growth but also huge environmental problems. Now, a new generation of modular technologies based on advanced materials enables efficient conversion of solar energy and carries the seeds of a new industrial revolution.
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| 2. |
- Ahmadivand, Arash, et al.
(författare)
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Terahertz plasmonics : The rise of toroidal metadevices towards immunobiosensings
- 2020
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 32, s. 108-130
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work reviews fundamentals and the recent state-of-art achievements in the field of plasmonic biosensing based terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. Being nonpoisonous and nondestructive to the human tissues, THz signals offer promising, cost-effective, and real-time biodevices for practical pharmaco-logical applications such as enzyme reaction analysis. Rapid developments in the field of THz plasmonics biosensors and immunosensors have brought many methodologies to employ the resonant subwavelength structures operating based on the fundamental physics of multipoles and asymmetric lineshape resonances. In the ongoing hunt for new and advanced THz plasmonic biosensors, the toroidal metasensors have emerged as excellent alternates and are introduced to be a very promising technology for THz immunosensing applications. Here, we provide examples of recently proposed THz plasmonic metasensors for the detection of thin films, chemical and biological substances. This review allows to compare the performance of various biosensing tools based on THz plasmonic approach and to understand the strategic role of toroidal metasensors in highly accurate and sensitive biosensors instrumentation. The possibility of using THz plasmonic biosensors based on toroidal technology in modern medical and clinical practices has been briefly discussed.
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| 3. |
- Asadi, Kamal, et al.
(författare)
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Organic ferroelectric opto-electronic memories
- 2011
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 14:12, s. 592-599
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic electronics have emerged as a promising technology for large-area micro-electronic applications, such as rollable displays(1), electronic paper(2), contactless identification transponders(3,4), and smart labels(5). Most of these applications require memory functions; preferably a non-volatile memory that retains its data when the power is turned off, and that can be programmed, erased, and read-out electrically.
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| 4. |
- Badr, Hussein O., et al.
(författare)
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Bottom-up, scalable synthesis of anatase nanofilament-based two-dimensional titanium carbo-oxide flakes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer advantages that their 3D counterparts do not. The conventional method for the bulk synthesis of 2D materials has predominantly been through etching layered solids. Herein, we convert - through a bottom-up approach - 10 binary and ternary titanium carbides, nitrides, borides, phosphides, and silicides into 2D flakes by immersing them in a tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution at temperatures in the 25-85 degrees C range. Based on X-ray diffraction, density functional theory, X-ray photoelectron, electron energy loss, Raman, X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopies, transmission and scanning electron microscope images and selected area diffraction, we conclude that the resulting flakes are carbon containing anatase-based layers that are, in turn, comprised of approximate to 6 x 10 angstrom(2) nanofilaments in cross-section some of which are few microns long. Electrodes made from some of these films performed well in lithium-ion and lithium-sulphur systems. These materials also reduce the viability of cancer cells thus showing potential in biomedical applications. Synthesizing 2D materials, at near ambient conditions, with non-layered, inexpensive, green precursors (e.g., TiC) is paradigm shifting and will undoubtedly open new and exciting avenues of research and applications.
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| 5. |
- Dahlqvist, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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MAX phases – Past, present, and future
- 2023
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The MAX phases are a class of nanolaminated materials composed of an early transition-metal (M), an A-group element (A) and C, N, B and/or P (X). Progress in MAX phase research in recent years has increased their number from the original 50 or so, to more than 300 phases. Since half of the 342 MAX phases have been discovered after 2018, an overview of the progress made in the field is timely. Currently, 28 M elements, 28 A elements, and 6 X elements have been incorporated in the MAX phases, alloys included. We further categorize MAX phases based on the synthesis route used to make them; if made via a one-step approach in bottom-up synthesis or formed through elemental replacement reactions in top-down synthesis. This classification is also correlated to theoretical phase stability predictions, that in turn, can be used to identify novel synthesizable MAX phase compositions as well as to suggest suitable synthesis routes. Furthermore, using phase stability predictions we identify 182 new theoretically stable MAX phases awaiting experimental confirmation. Notably, as MAX phases are precursors for MXenes, the dramatically increased interest in the latter for a large host of potential applications renders the former even more valuable. © 2023 The Author(s)
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| 6. |
- Gao, Lingfeng, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging applications of MXenes for photodetection : Recent advances and future challenges
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - : Elsevier. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 61, s. 169-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development and applications of transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides, commonly denoted as MXenes, have during the last few years rapidly expanded in various technological fields owing to their unique and controllable properties. These materials exhibit competing performance comparing with traditional materials and have created numerous opportunities for technology markets. Taking the advantage of excellent optoelectronic features, MXenes have been utilized for the construction of photodetectors with various structures and unique functionalities. While the appli-cation of MXenes in this area can be traced back to 2016, we have during the recent three years witnessed a dramatic development of MXene-based photodetectors, calling for a timely review to guideline their future direction. In this work, synthetic strategies of pristine MXenes are briefly introduced and their properties are discussed focusing on the optoelectronic aspects that are fundamental for the photoelectric conversion. Recent advances of MXene-based photodetectors are comprehensively summarized based on different types of MXenes and innovative designs of device construction. Finally, we provide perspectives for future challenges and opportunities of MXene-based photodetectors, which may enlighten their further development.
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| 7. |
- Gao, Mingming, et al.
(författare)
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Engineered 2D MXene-based materials for advanced supercapacitors and micro-supercapacitors
- 2024
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 72, s. 318-358
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The class of two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides/oxycarbides (known as MXenes) has shown great potential in energy storage applications due to their intrinsic layered structure, outstanding electrical conductivity, tunable surface chemistry, and unique physicochemical properties. This review summarizes the latest progresses of MXene-based materials for supercapacitors and micro-supercapacitors. First, state-of-the-art structural engineering strategies for the construction of novel MXene-based electrodes are highlighted, as the electrochemical performance of MXenes is influenced by their structure, such as interlayer spacing and surface functional group density. Furthermore, the charge storage mechanisms of MXene-based electrodes in different electrolytes are discussed to stimulate further design and development of tailored materials for high-performance devices. Moreover, different device fabrication technologies are summarized and the achievements of specific device geometries (e.g., fiber-shape, planar-type, and three-dimensional devices) containing MXene-based materials are critically reviewed. Finally, perspectives and outlook for the development of high-performance MXene-based electrodes in terms of material engineering, performance improvement and device innovation are provided, clearly indicating research directions for next-generation advanced energy storage devices.
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| 8. |
- Hattori, Yocefu, et al.
(författare)
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Light-induced ultrafast proton-coupled electron transfer responsible for H-2 evolution on silver plasmonics
- 2018
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 21:6, s. 590-593
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Light-driven proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions on nanoplasmonics would bring temporal control of their reactive pathways, in particular, prolong their charge separation state. Using a silver nano-hybrid plasmonic structure, we observed that optical excitation of Ag-localized surface plasmon instigated electron injection into TiO2 conduction band and oxidation of isopropanol alcoholic functionality. Femtosecond transient infrared absorption studies show that electron transfer from Ag to TiO2 occurs in ca. 650 fs, while IPA molecules near the Ag surface undergo an ultrafast bidirectional PCET step within 400 fs. Our work demonstrates that ultrafast PCET reaction plays a determinant role in prolonging charge separation state, providing an innovative strategy for visible-light photocatalysis with plasmonic nanostructures.
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| 9. |
- Klemm, Dieter, et al.
(författare)
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Nanocellulose as a natural source for groundbreaking applications in materials science : Today's state
- 2018
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 21:7, s. 720-748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanocelluloses are natural materials with at least one dimension in the nano-scale. They combine important cellulose properties with the features of nanomaterials and open new horizons for materials science and its applications. The field of nanocellulose materials is subdivided into three domains: biotechnologically produced bacterial nanocellulose hydrogels, mechanically delaminated cellulose nanofibers, and hydrolytically extracted cellulose nanocrystals. This review article describes today's state regarding the production, structural details, physicochemical properties, and innovative applications of these nanocelluloses. Promising technical applications including gels/foams, thickeners/stabilizers as well as reinforcing agents have been proposed and research from last five years indicates new potential for groundbreaking innovations in the areas of cosmetic products, wound dressings, drug carriers, medical implants, tissue engineering, food and composites. The current state of worldwide commercialization and the challenge of reducing nanocellulose production costs are also discussed.
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| 10. |
- Liu, Leifeng, et al.
(författare)
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Dislocation network in additive manufactured steel breaks strength-ductility trade-off
- 2018
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 21:4, s. 354-361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most mechanisms used for strengthening crystalline materials, e.g. introducing crystalline interfaces, lead to the reduction of ductility. An additive manufacturing process - selective laser melting breaks this trade-off by introducing dislocation network, which produces a stainless steel with both significantly enhanced strength and ductility. Systematic electron microscopy characterization reveals that the pre-existing dislocation network, which maintains its configuration during the entire plastic deformation, is an ideal modulator that is able to slow down but not entirely block the dislocation motion. It also promotes the formation of a high density of nano-twins during plastic deformation. This finding paves the way for developing high performance metals by tailoring the microstructure through additive manufacturing processes.
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| 11. |
- Mun, Seungsoo, et al.
(författare)
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Reconfigurable dual-mode optical encryption enabled by block copolymer photonic crystal with micro-imprinted holographic metasurface
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Materials Today. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 70, s. 44-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dual-mode optical encryption based on holographic metasurfaces and color components is of great attraction because of their enhanced information security and storage; however, the realization of independently as well as reversibly encodable holographic metasurfaces and color components remains unreported. Herein, we present reconfigurable dual-mode encryptions of structural colors (SC) and holograms, achieved through stimuli-responsive block copolymer (BCP) photonic crystals (PCs) with micro-imprinted holographic metasurfaces. Holographic images appear when the micro-imprinted BCP PCs, consisting of self-assembled alternating lamellae of two dielectrics, are exposed to an incident laser. A characteristic SC develops in the visible range when the imprinted film is immersed in a liquid agent that can swell one of the dielectrics, allowing for dual-mode holographic and SC encodings in the solid and liquid states, respectively. The dual-mode optical encoding is reconfigured. The holographic image can be erased and replaced with another micropattern, while preserving the SC. Moreover, an SC, set by crosslinking of the swellable lamellae, is reset by chemical de-crosslinking and subsequent transient re-crosslinking, enabling the SC reconfigurability of the BCP PC film. A prototype of a high-security reconfigurable dual encryption has been developed, wherein true information is decrypted when holographic passwords are confirmed with full-color visible SC passwords.
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| 12. |
- Ortiz-Casas, Brandon, et al.
(författare)
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Bio-acceptable 0D and 1D ZnO nanostructures for cancer diagnostics and treatment
- 2021
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - : Elsevier. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 50, s. 533-569
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As bioapplications of 0D and 1D zinc oxide (ZnO) seem a recent development, they have brought many exciting proposals showing exquisite signs as sensors and assay platforms offering biomolecular selectivity and sensitivity for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Cancer researchers are looking for diagnostic and molecular instruments to identify the cancer-causing agents and subtle molecular shifts. The inclusion of high-performance ZnO materials due to their intrinsic properties such as viability, bio-acceptability, high isoelectric point, tunable morphology, etc., is promising for targeted detection and treatment processes. More specifically, ZnO nanowires (NWs) have offered the opportunity to yield new types of approaches against targeted cancer in contrast to their 0D counterparts. The ability of ZnO NW sensors to identify the molecular features (i.e., biomarker) of cancer and their integration portability has the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis and patient health monitoring timely and efficiently. Despite being robust, tunable properties based on surface chemistry and eco-friendly, scalable opportunities are yet to be explored. This review considers captivating research advances to identify and understand fundamental properties and examine various biosensing approaches and nanomedicine (via performing targeted drug delivery or therapeutic) aspects utilizing them while paying attention to different size regimes of ZnO NWs. The high-performance role of 0D and 1D ZnO as biosensors, capture devices, cell imaging complexes, or treatment is addressed on the bases of the controlled functions such as enhanced adsorption, reactivity, surface chemistry, cytotoxicity, and biocompatibility in various biological systems and models. With a comparative viewpoint, 0D and 1D ZnO nanostructures are going to emerge as breakthrough candidates for diagnostics and treatment of cancer effectively and efficiently.
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| 13. |
- Plummer, G., et al.
(författare)
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On the origin of kinking in layered crystalline solids
- 2021
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - : Elsevier Science Ltd. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 43, s. 45-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kinking is a deformation mechanism ubiquitous to layered systems, ranging from the nanometer scale in layered crystalline solids, to the kilometer scale in geological formations. Herein, we demonstrate its origins in the former through multiscale experiments and atomistic simulations. When compressively loaded parallel to their basal planes, layered crystalline solids first buckle elastically, then nucleate atomic-scale, highly stressed ripplocation boundaries - a process driven by redistributing strain from energetically expensive in-plane bonds to cheaper out-of-plane bonds. The consequences are far reaching as the unique mechanical properties of layered crystalline solids are highly dependent upon their ability to deform by kinking. Moreover, the compressive strength of numerous natural and engineered layered systems depends upon the ease of kinking or lack there of.
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| 14. |
- Rehnlund, David, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Dendrite-free lithium electrode cycling via controlled nucleation in low LiPF6 concentration electrolytes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 21:10, s. 1010-1018
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lithium metal electrodes are not widely used in rechargeable batteries as dendritic lithium growth and electrolyte reactions raise serious stability and safety concerns. In this study, we show that reproducible two-dimensional lithium deposition can be realized using a lithium salt concentration of 0.020 M, an added supporting salt, and a short lithium nucleation pulse. This approach, which is common in electrodeposition of metals, increases the lithium nuclei density on the electrode surface and decreases the extent of Li+ migration favoring dendritic lithium growth. Contrary to common belief, ascribing the dendrite problem to heterogeneous lithium nucleation due to an unstable solid electrolyte interphase layer, we show that the main lithium deposition problem stems from the difficulty to obtain two-dimensional deposition at the low lithium deposition overpotentials encountered in conventional high-lithium concentration electrolytes. The present results hence clearly demonstrate that two-dimensional lithium deposition can be realized in lithium-metal-based batteries.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Rostami, Jowan, et al.
(författare)
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Hierarchical build-up of bio-based nanofibrous materials with tunable metal-organic framework biofunctionality
- 2021
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 48, s. 47-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multifunctional, light-weight, responsive materials show promise in a range of applications including soft robotics, therapeutic delivery, advanced diagnostics and charge storage. This paper presents a novel, scalable, efficient and sustainable approach for the preparation of cellulose nanofibril-based aerogels via a facile ice-templating, solvent exchange and air-drying procedure, which could replace existing inefficient drying processes. These ambient-dried aerogels (similar to 99% porosity) exhibit a high specific compressive modulus (26.8 +/- 6.1 kPa m(3) kg(-1), approaching equivalence of carbon-nanotubereinforced aerogels), wet stability and shape recovery (80-90%), favorable specific surface area (90 m(2) g(-1)) and tunable densities (2-20 kg m(-3)). The aerogels provide an ideal nanofibrillar substrate for in-situ growth of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), via co-assembly of MOF precursors with proteins in aqueous solutions. The resulting hybrid aerogels show a nine-fold increase in surface area (810 m(2)g(-1)), with preserved wet stability and additional protein biofunctionality. The hybrid aerogels facilitate a pH-controlled release of immobilized proteins, following a concomitant disassembly of the surface grown MOFs, demonstrating their use in controlled delivery systems. The colorimetric protein binding assay of the biofunctionalized hybrid aerogel also demonstrates the potential of the material as a novel 3D bioassay platform, which could potentially be an alternative to plate-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
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| 17. |
- Schmuck, Benjamin, et al.
(författare)
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High-yield production of a super-soluble miniature spidroin for biomimetic high-performance materials
- 2021
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 50, s. 16-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanical properties of artificial spider silks are approaching a stage where commercial applications become realistic. However, the yields of recombinant silk proteins that can be used to produce fibers with good mechanical properties are typically very low and many purification and spinning protocols still require the use of urea, hexafluoroisopropanol, and/or methanol. Thus, improved production and spinning methods with a minimal environmental impact are needed. We have previously developed a miniature spider silk protein that is characterized by high solubility in aqueous buffers and spinnability in biomimetic set-ups. In this study, we developed a production protocol that resulted in an expression level of >20 g target protein per liter in an Escherichia coli fed-batch culture, and subsequent purification under native conditions yielded 14.5 g/l. This corresponds to a nearly six-fold increase in expression levels, and a 10-fold increase in yield after purification compared to reports for recombinant spider silk proteins. Biomimetic spinning using only aqueous buffers resulted in fibers with a toughness modulus of 74 MJ/m3, which is the highest reported for biomimetically as-spun artificial silk fibers. Thus, the process described herein represents a milestone for the economic production of biomimetic silk fibers for industrial applications.
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| 18. |
- Scidà, A., et al.
(författare)
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Application of graphene-based flexible antennas in consumer electronic devices
- 2018
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 21:3, s. 223-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the fabrication and characterization of Near-Field Communication (NFC) devices based on highly flexible, carbon-based antennas composed of stacked graphene multilayers. This material features a high value of conductivity (4.20 * 10 5 S/m) comparable to monocrystalline graphite, but is much more flexible and processable. We first studied the replacement of metal with carbon antennas using computer modeling, to select the best design. Then we manufactured several devices to be used according to the communication protocol ISO/IEC 15693. The inductance of the G-paper antennas was tested before and after hundreds of thousands of bending cycles at bending radii of 45 and 90 mm. During bending the self-resonance frequency and inductance peak showed minimal variation and the resistance at 1 MHz changed from 33.09 Ω to 34.18 Ω outperforming standard, commercial metallic antennas. The devices were successfully tested by exchanging data with a smartphone and other commercial NFC readers, matching the performance of standard, commercial metallic antennas. The graphene antennas could be deposited on different standard polymeric substrates or on textiles. Smart cards, flexible NFC tags and wearable NFC bracelets were prepared in this way to be used in electronic keys, business cards and other typical NFC applications.
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| 19. |
- Simnani, Faizan Zarreen, et al.
(författare)
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Nanocarrier vaccine therapeutics for global infectious and chronic diseases
- 2023
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 66, s. 371-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunization has the potential to become a viable weapon for the upcoming pandemic and save millions of lives, while also dramatically lowering the high mortality rate brought on by a number of infectious and chronic illnesses. Despite the success of some vaccinations for infectious illnesses, obstacles remain in avoiding and creating fully protective vaccines. Current COVID-19 pandemic highlights need for vaccination platform improvements. Nanomaterials have been created as a possible nanocarrier to elicit a robust immune response against important global morbidity and mortality drivers by encapsulating targeted antigen and functionalizing nanoparticles with particular molecules. In addition to their application in cancer immunotherapy, nanocarriers are currently being included into the development of vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), malaria, TB, and influenza. In order to evaluate conventional and next-generation vaccination platforms, this study focuses on the COVID-19 and cancer vaccine as well as the passage and interaction of nanoparticles with immune cells in the lymph node. It also draws attention to the gaps in current and future HIV, TB, malaria, and influenza vaccinations, as well as nanovaccines. The importance of the dose-dependent vaccine in inducing and maintaining neutralizing antibodies after immunization has been discussed in more detail.
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| 20. |
- Tang, Zheng, et al.
(författare)
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Light trapping in thin film organic solar cells
- 2014
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - : Elsevier. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 17:8, s. 389-396
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major issue in organic solar cells is the poor mobility and recombination of the photogenerated charge carriers. The active layer has to be kept thin to facilitate charge transport and minimize recombination losses. However, optical losses due to inefficient light absorption in the thin active layers can be considerable in organic solar cells. Therefore, light trapping schemes are critically important for efficient organic solar cells. Traditional light trapping schemes for thick solar cells need to be modified for organic thin film solar cells in which coherent optics and wave effects play a significant role. In this review, we discuss the light trapping schemes for organic thin film solar cells, which includes geometric engineering of the structure of the solar cell at the micro and nanoscale, plasmonic structures, and more.
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| 21. |
- Tardy, Blaise L., et al.
(författare)
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Prospects for the integration of lignin materials into the circular economy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 65, s. 122-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignin is a remarkable natural polyphenol that provides trees with physical and (bio-)chemical resistance, as well as the ability to reach considerable heights. Lignin is also intrinsically circular with slow biodegradability, thereby serving as a carbon source for soils. There is a growing interest in using industrial lignin as an environmentally and economically beneficial material. However, most of the industrially produced lignin is still used as a cost-efficient energy source by the forestry sector. To efficiently redirect the use towards material applications and to avoid the end-of-life problems connected to traditional plastics, there is an imminent need and opportunity to include circularity as an important design parameter. In this review, we critically assess opportunities and obstacles for lignin as a component in circular materials, as guided by life cycle assessment and benchmarking to best practices in materials science and engineering, e.g., circularity "by design". We cover and reflect on recent and emerging advances in nanotechnology and materials science that showcase how lignin can contribute to carbon fixation as a viable alternative to its combustion in the pulping processes. We argue that, with adequate considerations, lignin has the potential to enable the development of new circular biobased materials that do not cause accumulation of environmentally persistent waste, and are equipped with attractive functionalities and performance for the benefit of a sustainable society.
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| 22. |
- Xu, Chao, et al.
(författare)
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Microporous adsorbents for CO2 capture - a case for microporous polymers?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 17:8, s. 397-403
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microporous polymers (MOPs) belong to a relatively new class of polymers that could find applications in gas separation processes, both as adsorbents and as polymer membranes. These polymers are constructed from purely organic building blocks by covalent bonds. It is possible to synthesize them by a range of different reactions that are either catalyzed with or without metal centers. Recently, these polymers have been researched in detail as potential sorbents, or membrane materials for a separation of CO2 from flue gas. Both adsorption driven and membrane driven separation of CO2 from flue gas could offer more cost effective alternatives to the methods currently in use. Here, we review recent papers and present our view on the opportunities and challenges when it comes to the use of MOPs in carbon capture and storage (CCS).
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| 23. |
- Zheng, Nianye, et al.
(författare)
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Magnesium facilitates the healing of atypical femoral fractures : A single-cell transcriptomic study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - : Elsevier. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 52, s. 43-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bisphosphonates (BPs)-associated atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) present with impaired fracture healing, yet the underlying mechanism is unclear, which prevents the development of effective therapy. Peripheral sensory nerve has been shown to regulate fracture healing via releasing neuropeptides. Here we show that long-term BPs pre-treatment leads to fracture non-union in rats, characterized by reduced expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP, a predominant type of neuropeptides) and abundant fibrous tissues in the non-bridged fracture gap, mimicking clinical AFFs. By using single-cell RNA-sequencing, long-term BPs treatment was identified to promote transition of progenitor cells into a specific cluster of fibroblasts that actively deposit dense extracellular matrix (ECM) to prevent fracture callus bridging. Administration of exogenous CGRP at early stages of fracture repair, in contrast, eliminates the ECM-secreting fibroblast cluster, attenuates fibrogenesis, and facilitates callus bridging, suggesting CGRP is a promising agent to facilitate AFF healing. Accordingly, we have developed an innovative magnesium (Mg) containing hybrid intramedullary nail fixation system (Mg-IMN) to effectively rescue BPs-impaired fracture healing via elevating CGRP synthesis and release. Such device optimizes the fracture healing in BPs-pretreated rats, comparable to direct administration of CGRP. These findings address the indispensable role of CGRP in advancing the healing of AFFs and develop translational strategies to accelerate AFF healing by taking advantage of the CGRP-stimulating effect of Mg-based biodegradable orthopedic implant. The study also indicates fibrosis could be targeted by augmenting CGRP expression to accelerate fracture healing even under challenging scenarios where fibroblasts are aberrantly activated.
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| 24. |
- Clifton, L. A., et al.
(författare)
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Characterizing biomaterial complexity
- 2009
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - 1369-7021. ; 12:7-8, s. 86-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biomaterials research will always require a range of techniques to examine structure and function on a range of length scales and in a range of settings. Neutron scattering provides a unique way of disentangling the molecular and structural complexity of biomaterials through study of the constituent components. We examine how the technique has been used to study surface immobilized proteins and lipid films, floating lipid bilayers as mimics of in vitro planar membranes, and formation of fibres from solution by insects and spiders.
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| 25. |
- He, Sailing, et al.
(författare)
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Optical nano-antennas and metamaterials
- 2009
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Ingår i: MATERIALS TODAY. - 1369-7021. ; 12:12, s. 16-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review some recent approaches to transmission enhancement and light harvesting based on optical nano-antennas and metamaterials. Nano-cavity antennas are used to enhance the extraordinary transmission of TM-polarized light through vertical nano-slits in a metal film. The enhanced transmission of TE-polarized waves through an array of subwavelength-slits in a thin metal film at low frequencies (including microwave) is also investigated. Light harvesting with a metamaterial cloaking shell is also demonstrated.
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| 26. |
- Vitos, Levente, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling of alloy steels
- 2002
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - 1369-7021. ; 5:10, s. 14-23
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of computational quantum mechanics for the theoretical modeling of material properties of steel was described. Steel properties depend on the microstructure formed during the manufacturing process as well as on the concentartion and distribution of alloying elements and impurities. The computational methods allows reserachers to separate the effect of alloying elements on physical and chemical properties and to map the compositional distribution into the property distribution with arbitrary accuracy. The computational material design approach based on quantum theory with thermodynamics constitutes a profound advance in the design process of industrially relevant materials.
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| 27. |
- Thelander, Claes, et al.
(författare)
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Nanowire-based one-dimensional electronics
- 2006
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - 1369-7021. ; 9:10, s. 28-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last half century, a dramatic downscaling of electronics has taken place, a miniaturization that the industry expects to continue for at least a decade. We present efforts to use the self-assembly of one-dimensional semiconductor nanowires(1) in order to bring new, high-performance nanowire devices as an add-on to mainstream Si technology. The nanowire approach offers a coaxial gate-dielectric-channel geometry that is ideal for further downscaling and electrostatic control, as well as heterostructure-based devices on Si wafers.
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