| 1. |
- Karlsborn, Tony, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Loss of ncm5 and mcm5 wobble uridine side chains results in an altered metabolic profile
- 2016
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Ingår i: Metabolomics. - : Springer. - 1573-3882 .- 1573-3890. ; 12:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The Elongator complex, comprising six subunits (Elp1p-Elp6p), is required for formation of 5-carbamoylmethyl (ncm(5)) and 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl (mcm(5)) side chains on wobble uridines in 11 out of 42 tRNA species in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Loss of these side chains reduces the efficiency of tRNA decoding during translation, resulting in pleiotropic phenotypes. Overexpression of hypomodified tRNA(s2UUU)(Lys); tRNA(s2UUG)(Gln) and tRNA(s2UUC)(Glu), which in wild-type strains are modified with mcm(5)s(2)U, partially suppress phenotypes of an elp3 Delta strain. Objectives: To identify metabolic alterations in an elp3 Delta strain and elucidate whether these metabolic alterations are suppressed by overexpression of hypomodified tRNA(s2UUU)(Lys); tRNA(s2UUG)(Gln) and tRNA(s2UUC)(Glu). Method: Metabolic profiles were obtained using untargeted GC-TOF-MS of a temperature-sensitive elp3 Delta strain carrying either an empty low-copy vector, an empty high-copy vector, a low-copy vector harboring the wild-type ELP3 gene, or a high-copy vector overexpressing tRNA(s2UUU)(Lys); tRNA(s2UUG)(Gln) and tRNA(s2UUC)(Glu). The temperature sensitive elp3 Delta strain derivatives were cultivated at permissive (30 degrees C) or semi-permissive (34 degrees C) growth conditions. Results: Culturing an elp3 Delta strain at 30 or 34 degrees C resulted in altered metabolism of 36 and 46 %, respectively, of all metabolites detected when compared to an elp3D strain carrying the wild-type ELP3 gene. Overexpression of hypomodified tRNA(s2UUU)(Lys); tRNA(s2UUG)(Gln) and tRNA(s2UUC)(Glu) suppressed a subset of the metabolic alterations observed in the elp3 Delta strain. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the presence of ncm(5)- and mcm(5)-side chains on wobble uridines in tRNA are important for metabolic homeostasis.
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| 2. |
- Axsäter, Sven
(författare)
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Extension of the extended basic period approach for economic lot scheduling problems
- 1987
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Ingår i: Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications. - 0022-3239 .- 1573-2878. ; 52:No 2, s. 179-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses the problem of choosing cyclical production patterns for several products which are produced on a common production facility. The extended basic period approach of Elmaghraby is extended by allowing more than two basic periods. The problem of dimensionality of the dynamic programming formulation is dealt with by aggregating the capacity data in different basic periods
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Larsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Transport of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in freshwater mesocosms from sediment to water and air
- 1987
-
Ingår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution. - 0049-6979 .- 1573-2932. ; 36, s. 33-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With sediment as a source the flux of PCBs to water and air was followed in mesocosms with and without fish for two vegetation seasons. The fish represented the largest lipid pool in the mesocosm, and their presence increased the flux of PCBs across the sediment/water interface. The flow of PCBs from sediment to water followed a seasonal pattern with higher rates during summer than in the winter. The rates were governed by the turbation activity of benthic invertebrates, the extent of gas production in the sediment, the amount and quality of the lipid pools in the water column, and the solubility of the PCBs. The greatest amount of PCBs among the lipid pools was found in the dissolved extractable lipids, which also showed the highest concentration of PCBs calculated on a lipid basis. After about 1.5 yr, >90% of the PCBs added was still in the sediment. The remainder was distributed within the mesocosms to various extents depending on the amount and quality of the lipid pools, or transferred into the air. Transfer into the air was governed by PCB concentrations in the water, and by water temperature. The flow was highest during summer, when the surface microlayer renewed its load of PCBs every 8th day.
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| 10. |
- Maguire Jr., Gerald Q., et al.
(författare)
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Use of graphical techniques for error evaluation
- 1987
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Ingår i: Journal of medical systems. - : Springer. - 0148-5598 .- 1573-689X. ; 11:4, s. 277-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anatomic localization in functional (such as PET) imaging often requires a structural (such as CT or NMRI) study of the brain in the same plane. Some neuropsychiatric conditions make it difficult for a patient to hold his/her head immobile even when a rigid head holder is used. We studied the effect of tilt of the anatomic reference image, in this instance CT, relative to the functional image, here PET, on the quantification of receptor ligand concentration in anatomically defined regions of the brain.
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| 11. |
- Nilsson, B, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitation and antigenic characterization of bound C3 of circulating immune complexes in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and primary biliary cirrhosis.
- 1987
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Immunology. - 0271-9142 .- 1573-2592. ; 7:5, s. 420-426
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years defective function of the complement-mediated clearance of immune complexes (IC) has been reported in patients with immune complex disease. The defect has been found at different levels in the clearance system. An important event in this sequential system is the binding of C3-coated particles to C3 receptors on erythrocytes and phagocytes. This study focuses on immunochemical properties of IC-bound C3 that reflect the functional state of the molecule. Sera from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and from normal subjects were analyzed for their level of C3 precipitable in 2.7% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG). The mean levels for the patient categories were significantly higher than that for the normal subjects. The immunochemical study revealed several differences among the different forms of PEG-precipitable C3. All forms expressed C3(D) antigens which are expressed by immune complex-associated and denatured forms but not by soluble physiological forms of C3. The expression of these antigens was proportionately lower for the complex-associated C3 of PBC compared to that of RA and SLE. Furthermore, employing monoclonal anti-C3(D) antibodies against the C3c and the C3d domain, distinct differences could be detected among all forms of PEG-precipitable C3. Sera from RA and SLE, in particular, contained PEG-precipitable C3 that exhibited distinctive immunochemical features with respect to these epitopes.
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| 12. |
- Sandén, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Acidification trends in Sweden
- 1987
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Ingår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution. - 0049-6979 .- 1573-2932. ; 36, s. 259-270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 13. |
- Schnürer, Johan, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Mineralization of nitrogen from15N labelled fungi, soil microbial biomass and roots and its uptake by barley plants
- 1987
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Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - Dordrecht, Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 102:1, s. 71-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The availability of nitrogen in15N labelled fungi, soil microbial biomass (Ca(15NO3)2 immobilized by addition of glucose), barley roots and Ca(NO3)2 to barley plants was investigated in a greenhouse experiment. Samples of above-ground plant biomass were taken five times during 76 days. During this time, and at the start of the experiment, the C and N contents of the soil microbial biomass were determined. Microbial biomass-C decreased during the first 41 days, and then increased back to pre-treatment levels. Only 2% of the total soil15N was found in the microbial biomass two days after additions of Ca(15NO3)2. At the final sampling 76 days later, 17% of the15N remaining in soil was found in the microbial biomass. In the other tratments, microbial biomass-N accounted for 20% of remaining soil15N in the one that had received fungi, 29% in the one with barley roots and 35% in the Ca(NO3)2 plus glucose treatment. At harvest, 38% of the soil15N at day 0 added as Ca(NO3)2-N, 29% of fungal-N, 10% of N immobilized in the soil microbial biomass and 7% of N in barley roots was recovered in the above-ground plant biomass.It can be concluded that nitrogen in the native soil biomass is resistant to mineralization and plant uptake. The use of laboratory grown organisms for mineralization studies will overestimate the plant availability of nitrogen in soil microorganisms.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Bagge, Niklas, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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A multi-level strategy for successively improved structural analysis of existing concrete bridges: examination using a prestressed concrete bridge tested to failure
- 2019
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Ingår i: Structure and Infrastructure Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1573-2479 .- 1744-8980. ; 15:1, s. 27-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a multi-level strategy with increased complexity through four levels of structural analysis of concrete bridges. The concept was developed to provide a procedure that supports enhanced assessments with better understanding of the structure and more precise predictions of the load-carrying capacity. In order to demonstrate and examine the multi-level strategy, a continuous multi-span prestressed concrete girder bridge, tested until shear failure, was investigated. Calculations of the load-carrying capacity at the initial level of the multi-level strategy consistently resulted in underestimated capacities, with the predicted load ranging from 25% to 78% of the tested failure load, depending on the local resistance model applied. The initial assessment was also associated with issues of localising the shear failure accurately and, consequently, refined structural analysis at an enhanced level was recommended. Enhanced assessment using nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis precisely reproduced the behaviour observed in the experimental test, capturing the actual failure mechanism and the load-carrying capacity with less than 4% deviation to the test. Thus, the enhanced level of assessment, using the proposed multi-level strategy, can be considered to be accurate, but the study also shows the importance of using guidelines for nonlinear FE analysis and bridge-specific information.
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| 16. |
- Arshad, Salman, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Subgrid Reaction-Diffusion Closure for Large Eddy Simulations Using the Linear-Eddy Model
- 2019
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Ingår i: Flow, Turbulence and Combustion. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-1987 .- 1386-6184. ; 103:2, s. 389-416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Turbulent combustion models approximate the interaction between turbulence, molecular transport and chemical reactions. Among the many available turbulent combustion models, the present focus is the linear-eddy model (LEM) used as a subgrid combustion model for large eddy simulations. In particular this paper introduces a new LEM closure with the reaction-rate approach to close the filtered chemical source terms in the governing equations for species mass fractions and enthalpy. The new approach is tested using a non-premixed syngas flame and a bluff-body stabilized premixed flame problem. Simulation results are compared to data from a direct numerical simulation and experiments. This comparison shows that mean and rms quantities compare well with experiments and are in the range of previous simulation studies. These results are obtained with a pressure-based and unstructured computational-fluid-dynamics solver, an approach that is preferred in industry.
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| 17. |
- Minelli, Guglielmo, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Active Aerodynamic Control of a Separated Flow Using Streamwise Synthetic Jets
- 2019
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Ingår i: Flow, Turbulence and Combustion. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-1987 .- 1386-6184. ; 103:4, s. 1039-1055
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- LES simulations at Re=1×10^5 and wind tunnel experiments at Re=5×10^5 were con-ducted to investigate the beneficial effect of an active flow control (AFC) technique on theaerodynamic performance of a simplified truck geometry. The paper involves the investiga-tion of a synthetic jet actuator characterized by periodic blowing and suction that defines azero net mass flux flow control mechanism. The actuation aims to suppress the flow sep-aration occurring at the A-pillar (front rounded corner) of a truck cabin. The work flow isdefined as it follows. First, LES at low Reynolds number are conducted for different dispo-sition of the actuation slots. The results show a beneficial effect when the actuation slots arepositioned in streamwise direction compared to spanwise (vertical) direction. Second, basedon the previous considerations, wind tunnel experiments are conducted to verify and sup-port the numerical findings. Both numerical solutions and experimental data show the sametrend and the superiority of the streamwise slots actuation when compared to traditional ver-tical slot actuation. In particular, this work shows the weakness of a vertical slot actuation,when its location is not optimized. A small change in its positioning greatly worsen the effi-cacy of the separation control in terms of drag reduction and separation bubble length. Theslot location directly affects the length of the separated flow region which its reduction canvary between 40–70% based on the positioning. Conversely, a streamwise actuation, span-ning a larger portion of the curvature of a rounded A-pillar, is not affected by this behaviourand contributes up to 80% of the recirculation bubble reduction measured in the unactuatedcase. The effect of the location change and the orientation of a zero net mass flux jet slot istherefore investigated and discussed in this work.
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| 18. |
- Rao, Anirudh Narayan, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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An LES investigation of the near-wake flow topology of a simplified heavy vehicle
- 2019
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Ingår i: Flow, Turbulence and Combustion. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-1987 .- 1386-6184. ; 102:2, s. 389-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent experimental investigations of McArthur et al (2016) in the wake of a simplified heavy vehicle or commonly known as the ground transportation system (GTS) model has shown that the flow topology is invariant over a large range of Reynolds numbers [2.7 × 104 − 2 × 106]. Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the initial flow topology at a Reynolds number of 2.7× 104, using well-resolved large eddy simulations (LES). In the vertical midplane behind the GTS, a flow state which is anti-symmetric to that reported in McArthur et al (2016) is observed here, thereby, confirming the possibility of occurrence of the complementary bi-stable flow state. The occurrence of this bi-stable state does not depend on the ground clearance between the GTS and the ground plane, as a similar flow topology is observed at both small and large gap heights. Furthermore, the flow topology in the vertical midplane is also found to be insensitive to the incoming flow for small yaw angles. However, complex flow behaviour is observed in the wake for larger yaw angles, where the flow topology in the vertical midplane becomes nearly symmetric, while an asymmetric flow topology is now observed in the lateral midplane in the near wake. Furthermore, the corner vortices which originate from either side at the front of the model merge in the far wake, leading to a large vortex structure nearly equal to the height of the model. The near-wake topology of the GTS is analysed and compared with previous studies for a range of scenarios, and the forces on the GTS are computed.
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| 19. |
- Cheng, Ken, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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An LC-QToF MS based method for untargeted metabolomics of human fecal samples
- 2020
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Ingår i: Metabolomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-3882 .- 1573-3890. ; 16:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Consensus in sample preparation for untargeted human fecal metabolomics is lacking. Objectives: To obtain sample preparation with broad metabolite coverage for high-throughput LC–MS. Methods: Extraction solvent, solvent ratio and fresh frozen-vs-lyophilized samples were evaluated by metabolite feature quality. Results: Methanol at 5 mL per g wet feces provided a wide metabolite coverage with optimal balance between signal intensity and saturation for both fresh frozen and lyophilized samples. Lyophilization did not affect SCFA and is recommended because of convenience in normalizing to dry matter. Conclusion: The suggested sample preparation is simple, efficient and suitable for large-scale human fecal metabolomics.
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| 20. |
- Gestin, Maxime, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Transfection of Heat Shock Protein 70 kDa (HSP70)
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-3904 .- 1573-3149. ; 28:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heat shock protein 70 kDa (HSP70) is a major protein family in the cell protections against stress-induced denaturation and aggregation and in the folding of nascent proteins. It is a highly conserved protein that can be found in most organisms and is strongly connected to several intracellular pathways such as protein folding and refolding, protein degradation and regulation, and protection against intense stress. Cellular delivery of HSP70 would be of high impact for clarification of its role in these cellular processes.PepFect14 is a cell-penetrating peptide known to be able to mediate the transfection of various oligonucleotides to multiple cell lines with a higher efficacy than most commercially available transfection agents and without inducing significant toxic effects.In this study we demonstrated that PepFect14 was able to form a complex with HSP70 and to deliver it inside cells in the same fashion with oligonucleotide delivery. The delivered HSP70 showed an effect in the cell regulation indicating that the protein was biologically available in the cytoplasm and the interactions with PepFect14 did not impeach its active sites once the plasma barrier crossed.This study reports the first successful delivery of HSP70 to our knowledge and the first protein transfection mediated by PepFect14. It opens new fields of research for both PepFect14 as a delivery agent and HSP70 as a therapeutic agent; with potential in peptide aggregation caused diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases.
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| 21. |
- Kruse, Robert, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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IL-8 and global gene expression analysis define a key role of ATP in renal epithelial cell responses induced by uropathogenic bacteria
- 2014
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Ingår i: Purinergic Signalling Purinergic Signalling. - Dordrect, Netherlands : Springer. - 1573-9538 .- 1573-9546. ; 10:3, s. 499-508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent recognition of receptor-mediated ATP signalling as a pathway of epithelial pro-inflammatory cytokine release challenges the ubiquitous role of the TLR4 pathway during urinary tract infection. The aim of this study was to compare cellular responses of renal epithelial cells infected with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strain IA2 to stimulation with ATP-gamma-S. A498 cells were infected or stimulated in the presence or absence of apyrase, that degrades extracellular ATP, or after siRNA-mediated knockdown of ATP-responding P2Y(2) receptors. Cellular IL-8 release and global gene expression were analysed. Both IA2 and A498 cells per se released ATP, which increased during infection. IA2 and ATP-gamma-S caused a similar to 5-fold increase in cellular release of IL-8 and stimulations performed in the presence of apyrase or after siRNA knockdown of P2Y(2) receptors resulted in attenuation of IA2-mediated IL-8 release. Microarray results show that both IA2 and ATP-gamma-S induced marked changes in gene expression of renal cells. Thirty-six genes were in common between both stimuli, and many of these are key genes belonging to classical response pathways of bacterial infection. Functional analysis shows that 88 biological function-annotated cellular pathways were identical between IA2 and ATP-gamma-S stimuli. Results show that UPEC-induced release of IL-8 is dependent on P2Y(2) signalling and that cellular responses elicited by UPEC and ATP-gamma-S have many identical features. This indicates that renal epithelial responses elicited by bacteria could be mediated by bacteria- or host-derived ATP, thus defining a key role of ATP during infection.
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| 22. |
- Agram, Nacira, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Malliavin calculus and optimal control of stochastic Volterra equations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications. - : Springer. - 0022-3239 .- 1573-2878. ; 167:3, s. 1070-1094
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solutions of stochastic Volterra (integral) equations are not Markov processes, and therefore, classical methods, such as dynamic programming, cannot be used to study optimal control problems for such equations. However, we show that using Malliavin calculus, it is possible to formulate modified functional types of maximum principle suitable for such systems. This principle also applies to situations where the controller has only partial information available to base her decisions upon. We present both a Mangasarian sufficient condition and a Pontryagin-type maximum principle of this type, and then, we use the results to study some specific examples. In particular, we solve an optimal portfolio problem in a financial market model with memory.
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| 23. |
- Andersson, Claes, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Inference for cluster point processes with over- or under-dispersed cluster sizes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Statistics and Computing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0960-3174 .- 1573-1375. ; 30, s. 1573-1590
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cluster point processes comprise a class of models that have been used for a wide range of applications. While several models have been studied for the probability density function of the offspring displacements and the parent point process, there are few examples of non-Poisson distributed cluster sizes. In this paper, we introduce a generalization of the Thomas process, which allows for the cluster sizes to have a variance that is greater or less than the expected value. We refer to this as the cluster sizes being over- and under-dispersed, respectively. To fit the model, we introduce minimum contrast methods and a Bayesian MCMC algorithm. These are evaluated in a simulation study. It is found that using the Bayesian MCMC method, we are in most cases able to detect over- and under-dispersion in the cluster sizes. We use the MCMC method to fit the model to nerve fiber data, and contrast the results to those of a fitted Thomas process.
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| 24. |
- Bagge, Niklas, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Failure tests on concrete bridges : Have we learnt the lessons?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Structure and Infrastructure Engineering. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1573-2479 .- 1744-8980. ; 14:3, s. 292-319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Full-scale failure tests of bridges are important for improving understanding of bridges’ behaviour and refining assessment methods. However, such experiments are challenging, often expensive, and thus rare. This paper provides a review of failure tests on concrete bridges, focusing on lessons from them. In total, 40 tests to failure of 30 bridges have been identified. These include various types of bridges, with reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete superstructures, composed of slabs, girders and combinations thereof. Generally, the tests indicated that theoretical calculations of the load-carrying capacity based on methods traditionally used for design and assessment provide conservative estimates. It can also be concluded that almost a third of the experiments resulted in unexpected types of failures, mainly shear instead of flexure. In addition, differences between theoretical and tested capacities are often apparently due to inaccurate representation of geometry, boundary conditions and materials
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| 25. |
- Blomkvist, Anna, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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The scent of monogamy : self-reported olfactory function predicts sexual well-being and infidelity in an Italian population
- 2022
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Ingår i: Archives of Sexual Behavior. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0004-0002 .- 1573-2800. ; 51:6, s. 2879-2889
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have shown that olfactory function plays an essential role in the bonding of a romantic relationship. Body odors, in particular, seem involved in both mate choices and other intimate behaviors. Our sense of smell is also crucial to detect possible pathogen threats, by activating a suitable disgust reaction. Previous studies have shown that disgust sensitivity is negatively related to sociosexuality, and disgust generally inhibits our sexual drive. In the present study, we explored the possible relation between olfactory function, pathogen disgust sensitivity, sociosexuality, sexual well-being, and infidelity through a web survey. Our exploratory analyses found that, in a large Italian sample (N = 1107), among those in a stable relationship, self-reported olfactory function predicted sexual well-being (p < .05) and negatively predicted infidelity (p < .05) when controlling for other relevant sociodemographics variables. Moreover, the relation between self-reported olfactory function and sexual well-being was mediated by pathogen disgust sensitivity. Although significant, these results must be interpreted with caution, because the effect sizes were small.
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| 26. |
- Brissman, Emil, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Recurrent Graph Neural Networks for Video Instance Segmentation
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Computer Vision. - : Springer. - 0920-5691 .- 1573-1405. ; 131, s. 471-495
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Video instance segmentation is one of the core problems in computer vision. Formulating a purely learning-based method, which models the generic track management required to solve the video instance segmentation task, is a highly challenging problem. In this work, we propose a novel learning framework where the entire video instance segmentation problem is modeled jointly. To this end, we design a graph neural network that in each frame jointly processes all detections and a memory of previously seen tracks. Past information is considered and processed via a recurrent connection. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in comprehensive experiments. Our approach operates online at over 25 FPS and obtains 16.3 AP on the challenging OVIS benchmark, setting a new state-of-the-art. We further conduct detailed ablative experiments that validate the different aspects of our approach. Code is available at https://github.com/emibr948/RGNNVIS-PlusPlus.
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| 27. |
- Eriksson, Daniel, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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A Hygro-Thermo-Mechanical Multiphase Model for Long-Term Water Absorption into Air-Entrained Concrete
- 2019
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Ingår i: Transport in Porous Media. - Netherlands : Springer. - 0169-3913 .- 1573-1634. ; 127:1, s. 113-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many concrete structures located in cold climates and in contact with free water are cast with air-entrained concrete. The presence of air pores significantly affects the absorption of water into the concrete, and it may take decades before these are fully saturated. This generally improves the long-term performance of such structures and in particular their frost resistance. To study the long-term moisture conditions in air-entrained concrete, a hygro-thermo-mechanical multiphase model is presented, where the rate of filling of air pores with water is described as a separate diffusion process. The driving potential is the concentration of dissolved air, obtained using an averaging procedure with the air pore size distribution as the weighting function. The model is derived using the thermodynamically constrained averaging theory as a starting point. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the capabilities and performance of the proposed model. These show that the model is capable of describing the complete absorption process of water in air-entrained concrete and yields results that comply with laboratory and in situ measurements.
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| 28. |
- Franzén, Nils, 1987-
(författare)
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Implicating fictional truth
- 2024
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Ingår i: Philosophical Studies. - : Springer. - 0031-8116 .- 1573-0883. ; 181:1, s. 299-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some things that we take to be the case in a fictional work are never made explicit by the work itself. For instance, we assume that Sherlock Holmes does not have a third nostril, that he wears underpants and that he has never solved a case with a purple gnome, even though neither of these things is ever mentioned in the narration. This article argues that examples like these can be accounted for through the same content-enriching reasoning that we employ when confronted with non-fictional discourse, with the important difference that fictional discourse essentially involves pretence. Fictional discourse works in much the same way as non-fictional discourse, and what is conveyed without being stated can accordingly be explained through familiar pragmatic mechanisms. It is argued that this account carries some distinct advantages over competing views.
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| 29. |
- Franzén, Nils, 1987-
(författare)
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The presumption of realism
- 2024
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Ingår i: Philosophical Studies. - : Springer. - 0031-8116 .- 1573-0883. ; 181:5, s. 1191-1212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within contemporary metaethics, it is widely held that there is a “presumption of realism” in moral thought and discourse. Anti-realist views, like error theory and expressivism, may have certain theoretical considerations speaking in their favor, but our pretheoretical stance with respect to morality clearly favors objectivist metaethical views. This article argues against this widely held view. It does so by drawing from recent discussions about so-called “subjective attitude verbs” in linguistics and philosophy of language. Unlike pretheoretically objective predicates (e.g., “is made of wood”, “is 185 cm tall”), moral predicates embed felicitously under subjective attitude verbs like the English “find”. Moreover, it is argued that the widespread notion that moral discourse bears all the marks of fact-stating discourse is rooted in a blinkered focus on examples from English. Cross-linguistic considerations suggest that subjective attitude verbs are actually the default terms by which we ascribe moral views to people. Impressions to the contrary in English have to do with some unfortunate quirks of the term “think”.
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| 30. |
- Hosseini, Vahid, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Nanoscale phase separations in as-fabricated thick super duplex stainless steels
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science. - : SPRINGER. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 56:21, s. 12475-12485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanoscale phase separations, and effects of these, were studied for thick super duplex stainless steel products by atom probe tomography and mechanical testing. Although nanoscale phase separations typically occur during long-time service at intermediate temperatures (300-500 degrees C, our results show that slowly cooled products start to develop Fe and Cr separation and/or precipitation of Cu-rich particles already during fabrication. Copper significantly slowed down the kinetics at the expense of Cu-rich particle precipitation, where the high-copper material subjected to hot isostatic pressing (HIP), with Delta t(500-400) of 160 s and the low-copper hot-rolled plate with Delta t(500-400) of 2 s had the same level of Fe and Cr separation. The phase separations resulted in lower toughness and higher hardness of the HIP material than for hot-rolled plate. Therefore, both local cooling rate dependent and alloy composition governed variations of phase separations can be expected in as-fabricated condition.
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| 31. |
- Janefjord, Emelie, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Cannabinoid effects on β amyloid fibril and aggregate formation, neuronal and microglial-activated neurotoxicity in vitro
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cellular and molecular neurobiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0272-4340 .- 1573-6830. ; 34:1, s. 31-42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cannabinoid (CB) ligands have demonstrated neuroprotective properties. In this study we compared the effects of a diverse set of CB ligands against β amyloid-mediated neuronal toxicity and activated microglial-conditioned media-based neurotoxicity in vitro, and compared this with a capacity to directly alter β amyloid (Aβ) fibril or aggregate formation. Neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells were exposed to Aβ1-42 directly or microglial (BV-2 cells) conditioned media activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of the CB1 receptor-selective agonist ACEA, CB2 receptor-selective agonist JWH-015, phytocannabinoids Δ9-THC and cannabidiol (CBD), the endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) and anandamide or putative GPR18/GPR55 ligands O-1602 and abnormal-cannabidiol (Abn-CBD). TNF-α and nitrite production was measured in BV-2 cells to compare activation via LPS or albumin with Aβ1-42. Aβ1-42 evoked a concentration-dependent loss of cell viability in SH-SY5Y cells but negligible TNF-α and nitrite production in BV-2 cells compared to albumin or LPS. Both albumin and LPS-activated BV-2 conditioned media significantly reduced neuronal cell viability but were directly innocuous to SH-SY5Y cells. Of those CB ligands tested, only 2-AG and CBD were directly protective against Aβ-evoked SH-SY5Y cell viability, whereas JWH-015, THC, CBD, Abn-CBD and O-1602 all protected SH-SY5Y cells from BV-2 conditioned media activated via LPS. While CB ligands variably altered the morphology of Aβ fibrils and aggregates, there was no clear correlation between effects on Aβ morphology and neuroprotective actions. These findings indicate a neuroprotective action of CB ligands via actions at microglial and neuronal cells. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.
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| 32. |
- Kadarik, Kati, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Trends of out-mobility from large housing estates in Stockholm : influences of the housing policy and neighbourhood context
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Housing and the Built Environment. - : Springer. - 1566-4910 .- 1573-7772. ; 37:2, s. 685-704
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since 1990s Stockholm housing market has seen deregulations in accordance with liberalization trends in other European welfare states. The new governance principles together with increasing immigration and public rental housing conversions into cooperative housing in attractive inner city areas have put pressure on still rental-dominated estates because fewer rental dwellings must now cater to expanding numbers of people who have little choice on the housing market. In recent decades, many estates have displayed increasing signs of stigmatization, social exclusion, and outflow of relatively affluent people. This paper improves our knowledge of how the housing policy and economic changes have affected out-mobility from the housing estates in case of three cohorts of young people and how the childhood neighbourhood conditions affect this. Individual annual Swedish registry data (1990-2014) are employed to longitudinally study the out-mobility patterns of three cohorts that grew up in the estates against the backdrop of marketization, growing inequality and deteriorating conditions. This study supplements the existing literature on housing estates by clarifying how income has become more and ethnicity less important over time in explaining sorting patterns from these estates. However, the combination of the two has determined sorting throughout the study period. Growing up in a higher socioeconomic status neighbourhood had modest impact on reducing socioeconomic differences in out-mobility from the estates, while leading to more sorting based on ethnic background.
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| 33. |
- Khajehei, Hamid, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Allocation of effective maintenance limit for railway track geometry
- 2019
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Ingår i: Structure and Infrastructure Engineering. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1573-2479 .- 1744-8980. ; 15:12, s. 1597-1612
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study has been to develop an approach to the allocation of an effective maintenancelimit for track geometry maintenance that leads to a minimisation of the total annual maintenancecost. A cost model was developed by considering the cost associated with inspection, preventivemaintenance, normal corrective maintenance and emergency corrective maintenance. The standarddeviation and extreme values of isolated defects of the longitudinal level were used as quality indicatorsfor preventive and corrective maintenance activities. The Monte Carlo technique was used tosimulate the track geometry behaviour under different maintenance limit scenarios and the effectivelimit was determined which minimises the total maintenance cost. The applicability of the model wastested in a case study on the Main Western Line in Sweden. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was carriedout on the inspection intervals, the emergency corrective maintenance cost and the maintenanceresponse time. The results show that there is an optimal region for selecting an effective limit.However, by considering the safety aspects in track geometry maintenance planning, it is suggestedthat the lower bound of the optimal region should be selected.
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| 34. |
- Khajehei, Hamid, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal opportunistic tamping scheduling for railway track geometry
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Structure and Infrastructure Engineering. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1573-2479 .- 1744-8980. ; 17:10, s. 1299-1314
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study has been dedicated to the optimization of opportunistic tamping scheduling. The aim ofthis study has been to schedule tamping activities in such a way that the total maintenance costs andthe number of unplanned tamping activities are minimized. To achieve this, the track geometry tampingscheduling problem was defined and formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP)model and a genetic algorithm was used to solve the problem. Both the standard deviation of thelongitudinal level and the extreme values of isolated defects were used to characterize the trackgeometry quality and to plan maintenance activities. The performance of the proposed model wastested on data collected from the Main Western Line in Sweden. The results show that different scenariosfor controlling and managing isolated defects will result in optimal scheduling plan. It is alsofound that to achieve more realistic results, the speed of the tamping machine and the unused life ofthe track sections should be considered in the model. Moreover, the results show that prediction ofgeometry condition without considering the destructive effect of tamping will lead to an underestimationof the maintenance needs by 2%.
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| 35. |
- Kronkvist, Karl, 1987-
(författare)
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Placing Perceptions of Unsafety : Examining Spatial Concentrations and Temporal Patterns of Unsafe Locations at Micro-Places
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of quantitative criminology. - : Springer. - 0748-4518 .- 1573-7799. ; 40:1, s. 191-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To explore the extent to which unsafe locations are concentrated to micro-places within the city of Malmö, Sweden, and whether there is a temporal stability in these micro-places over time.Methods: Information on unsafe locations is obtained from an open-ended item across three waves of a random sample community survey. Reported unsafe locations are geocoded as polygon, polyline, and point features and merged with a 200 by 200-m grid-cell network using both unadjusted and weighted counts.Results: The results suggest that unsafe locations are concentrated to a small share of grid-cells using different metrics. There are also signs of spatial clustering and a temporal stability of unsafe locations over time.Conclusions: As unsafe locations are concentrated to a small share of micro-places the results have important implications for both theory and practice. However, further research exploring unsafety and fear of crime at micro-places is highly warranted.
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| 36. |
- Kronkvist, Karl, 1987-
(författare)
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The effect of target, catchment, and comparison site operationalization on CCTV impact evaluations : methodological considerations from a case study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Criminology. - : Springer. - 1573-3750 .- 1572-8315. ; 18, s. 765-782
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To examine the extent to which different operationalizations of target, displacement, and comparison sites affect the interpretation of a CCTV impact evaluation. Methods: Different operationalizations are used to examine change in property and violent crime before and after CCTV was introduced in a residential neighbourhood in Malmö, Sweden, using paired t tests, odds ratio effect sizes and weighted displacement quotients. Results: Despite most results being non-significant as a result of low statistical power, different operationalizations appear to produce varying results. This issue is most prominent for target sites and property crime while it is less so for catchment and comparison sites, and violent crime outcomes. Conclusion: Valid operationalizations of research areas are highly important for CCTV impact evaluations and may affect the study outcome. Future research with access to larger data sets is encouraged to elaborate on these findings and further analyse the impact of measurement choices on experimental outcomes.
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| 37. |
- Lindgren, Mikaela, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Oxygen Vacancy Formation, Mobility, and Hydrogen Pick-up during Oxidation of Zirconium by Water
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Oxidation of Metals. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-4889 .- 0030-770X. ; 87:3-4, s. 355-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comprehensive first principles understanding of the oxidation of zirconium alloys by water was reiterated. Two channels were taken to jointly constitute to the oxidation process: one according to classical oxidation theory involving hydrogen evolution and the second reflected by inwards transport of protons causing hydrogen pick-up. The two were associated with charged and uncharged oxygen vacancies, respectively. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the nature of the effective anode during oxidation of zirconium as to the detailed role of the metal. Oxygen dissolution in the alloy resulted in a “pre-anodic” property associated with the formation of oxygen vacancy VO in the oxide, i.e., preceding VO2+/2e− separation. Atomistic perspective on the metal/oxide interface before nucleation of VO was provided. The rapid convergence of the model interface to bulk properties in spite of the local structural variability provided new insight as to the nature of an amorphous metal/oxide interface.
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| 38. |
- Lindo, Alexey, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Nonparametric estimation for compound Poisson process via variational analysis on measures
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Statistics and Computing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0960-3174 .- 1573-1375. ; 28:3, s. 563-577
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper develops new methods of nonparametric estimation of a compound Poisson process. Our key estimator for the compounding (jump) measure is based on series decomposition of functionals of a measure and relies on the steepest descent technique. Our simulation studies for various examples of such measures demonstrate flexibility of our methods. They are particularly suited for discrete jump distributions, not necessarily concentrated on a grid nor on the positive or negative semi-axis. Our estimators also applicable for continuous jump distributions with an additional smoothing step.
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| 39. |
- Lundengård, Karl, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of the Determinant of the Vandermonde Matrix and Related Matrices
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability. - : Springer. - 1387-5841 .- 1573-7713. ; 20:4, s. 1417-1428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The value of the Vandermonde determinant is optimized over various surfaces, including the sphere, ellipsoid and torus. Lagrange multipliers are used to find a system of polynomial equations which give the local extreme points in its solutions. Using Grobner basis and other techniques the extreme points are given either explicitly or as roots of polynomials in one variable. The behavior of the Vandermonde determinant is also presented visually in some interesting cases.
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| 40. |
- Mazzer, Kelly, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal view of rumination, poor sleep and psychological distress in adolescents
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 245, s. 686-696
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Given the high prevalence and negative impact of psychological problems during adolescence, examining transdiagnostic factors that may have scope to positively influence a variety of psychological problems is imperative. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal relationship between rumination and psychological distress and whether sleep mediated this relationship over a 2 year period.Methods: Participants were 1620 high school students in the 7th and 8th grade at baseline from 17 public schools in three middle Sweden communities. Students completed questionnaires at school during the spring of 2014, 2015 and 2016. Rumination and psychological distress were self-reported, and sleep duration was calculated from reported bed-times, wake-times and sleep onset latencies.Results: Sleep duration declined with age, whereas rumination and psychological distress increased. Rumination was predictive of future psychological distress and distress at a given time was predictive of concurrent rumination. Sleep duration did not consistently mediate the reciprocal relationships between rumination and psychological distress over time.Limitations: Stronger longitudinal associations may have been obtained by using smaller measurement intervals or further delineation of outcome constructs.Conclusions: Reducing rumination, rather than targeting sleep patterns, may work towards preventing the development of a number of psychological problems and is a strategy anticipated to function across disorders to improve young people's mental wellbeing.
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| 41. |
- Mårdh, Andreas, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Democratic Education in the Mode of Populism
- 2017
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Ingår i: Studies in Philosophy and Education. - : Springer. - 0039-3746 .- 1573-191X. ; 36:6, s. 601-613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper seeks to bring John Dewey’s pragmatist philosophy of democratic education and the public into dialogue with Ernesto Laclau’s theory of populism. Recognizing populism as an integral aspect of democracy, rather than as its antithesis, the purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical account of populism as being of educational relevance in two respects. First, it argues that the populist logic specifies a set of formal elements by which democratic education could operate as a collective enterprise. Second, it asserts that the notion of populism supplements any congenial understanding of democratic education by bringing political demands, conflicts and affects to the fore. Finally, the paper discusses the risks and possibilities inherent in visualizing populism as an educational modus.
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| 42. |
- Nedelkova, Zuzana, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
Integration of expert knowledge into radial basis function surrogate models
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Optimization and Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1389-4420 .- 1573-2924. ; 17:3, s. 577-603
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A current application in a collaboration between Chalmers University of Technology and Volvo Group Trucks Technology concerns the global optimization of a complex simulation-based function describing the rolling resistance coefficient of a truck tyre. This function is crucial for the optimization of truck tyres selection considered. The need to explicitly describe and optimize this function provided the main motivation for the research presented in this article. Many optimization algorithms for simulation-based optimization problems use sample points to create a computationally simple surrogate model of the objective function. Typically, not all important characteristics of the complex function (as, e.g., non-negativity)—here referred to as expert knowledge—are automatically inherited by the surrogate model. We demonstrate the integration of several types of expert knowledge into a radial basis function interpolation. The methodology is first illustrated on a simple example function and then applied to a function describing the rolling resistance coefficient of truck tyres. Our numerical results indicate that expert knowledge can be advantageously incorporated and utilized when creating global approximations of unknown functions from sample points.
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| 43. |
- Niklasson, Markus, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
-
Comprehensive analysis of NMR data using advanced line shape fitting.
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biomolecular NMR. - : Springer. - 0925-2738 .- 1573-5001. ; 69:2, s. 93-99
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- NMR spectroscopy is uniquely suited for atomic resolution studies of biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids and metabolites, since detailed information on structure and dynamics are encoded in positions and line shapes of peaks in NMR spectra. Unfortunately, accurate determination of these parameters is often complicated and time consuming, in part due to the need for different software at the various analysis steps and for validating the results. Here, we present an integrated, cross-platform and open-source software that is significantly more versatile than the typical line shape fitting application. The software is a completely redesigned version of PINT ( https://pint-nmr.github.io/PINT/ ). It features a graphical user interface and includes functionality for peak picking, editing of peak lists and line shape fitting. In addition, the obtained peak intensities can be used directly to extract, for instance, relaxation rates, heteronuclear NOE values and exchange parameters. In contrast to most available software the entire process from spectral visualization to preparation of publication-ready figures is done solely using PINT and often within minutes, thereby, increasing productivity for users of all experience levels. Unique to the software are also the outstanding tools for evaluating the quality of the fitting results and extensive, but easy-to-use, customization of the fitting protocol and graphical output. In this communication, we describe the features of the new version of PINT and benchmark its performance.
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| 44. |
- Popescu, Cosmin, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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3D reconstruction of existing concrete bridges using optical methods
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Structure and Infrastructure Engineering. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1573-2479 .- 1744-8980. ; 15:7, s. 912-924
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Routine bridge inspections usually consist of visual observations. These inspections are time-consum-ing and subjective. There is a need to identify new inspection techniques for infrastructure that reducetraffic disturbance, and improve the efficiency and reliability of the acquired data. This study comparedthe performance of three different imaging technologies for the three-dimensional (3D) geometricmodeling of existing structures: terrestrial laser scanning, close-range photogrammetry, and infraredscanning. Each technology was used to assess six existing concrete railway bridges. The technologieswere compared in terms of geometric deviations, visualization capabilities, the level of the inspector’sexperience, and degree of automation. The results suggest that all methods investigated can be usedto create 3D models, however, with different level of completeness. Measurements such as spanlength, deck widths, etc. can be extracted with good accuracy. Although promising, a full off-siteinspection is currently not feasible as some areas of the bridges were difficult to capture mainly dueto restricted access and narrow spaces. Measurements based on terrestrial laser scanning were closerto the reality compared to photogrammetry and infrared scanning. The study indicates the no specialtraining is needed for photogrammetry and infrared scanning to generate a 3D geometric model.
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| 45. |
- Saiedi, Ed, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Global drivers of cryptocurrency infrastructure adoption
- 2020
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Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - : Springer. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A vast digital ecosystem of entrepreneurship and exchange has sprung up with Bitcoin’s digital infrastructure at its core. We explore the worldwide spread of infrastructure necessary to maintain and grow Bitcoin as a system (Bitcoin nodes) and infrastructure enabling the use of bitcoins for everyday economic transactions (Bitcoin merchants). Specifically, we investigate the role of legal, criminal, financial, and social determinants of the adoption of Bitcoin infrastructure. We offer some support for the view that the adoption of cryptocurrency infrastructure is driven by perceived failings of traditional financial systems, in that the spread of Bitcoin infrastructure is associated with low trust in banks and the financial system among inhabitants of a region, and with the occurrence of country-level inflation crises. On the other hand, our findings also suggest that active support for Bitcoin is higher in locations with well-developed banking services. Finally, we find support for the view that bitcoin adoption is also partly driven by cryptocurrencies’ usefulness in engaging in illicit trade.
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| 46. |
- Schöler, Marc, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
Dietary lipids, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1389-9155 .- 1573-2606. ; 20, s. 461-472
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gut microbiota is a central regulator of host metabolism. The composition and function of the gut microbiota is dynamic and affected by diet properties such as the amount and composition of lipids. Hence, dietary lipids may influence host physiology through interaction with the gut microbiota. Lipids affect the gut microbiota both as substrates for bacterial metabolic processes, and by inhibiting bacterial growth by toxic influence. The gut microbiota has been shown to affect lipid metabolism and lipid levels in blood and tissues, both in mice and humans. Furthermore, diseases linked to dyslipidemia, such as non-alcoholic liver disease and atherosclerosis, are associated with changes in gut microbiota profile. The influence of the gut microbiota on host lipid metabolism may be mediated through metabolites produced by the gut microbiota such as short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids and trimethylamine and by pro-inflammatory bacterially derived factors such as lipopolysaccharide. Here we will review the association between gut microbiota, dietary lipids and lipid metabolism
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| 47. |
- Strömberg, Eric, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of Fisher information matrix approximation methods in population optimal design calculations
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1567-567X .- 1573-8744. ; 43:6, s. 609-619
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the increasing popularity of optimal design in drug development it is important to understand how the approximations and implementations of the Fisher information matrix (FIM) affect the resulting optimal designs. The aim of this work was to investigate the impact on design performance when using two common approximations to the population model and the full or block-diagonal FIM implementations for optimization of sampling points. Sampling schedules for two example experiments based on population models were optimized using the FO and FOCE approximations and the full and block-diagonal FIM implementations. The number of support points was compared between the designs for each example experiment. The performance of these designs based on simulation/estimations was investigated by computing bias of the parameters as well as through the use of an empirical D-criterion confidence interval. Simulations were performed when the design was computed with the true parameter values as well as with misspecified parameter values. The FOCE approximation and the Full FIM implementation yielded designs with more support points and less clustering of sample points than designs optimized with the FO approximation and the block-diagonal implementation. The D-criterion confidence intervals showed no performance differences between the full and block diagonal FIM optimal designs when assuming true parameter values. However, the FO approximated block-reduced FIM designs had higher bias than the other designs. When assuming parameter misspecification in the design evaluation, the FO Full FIM optimal design was superior to the FO block-diagonal FIM design in both of the examples.
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| 48. |
- Vogel, Else, 1987-
(författare)
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Clinical specificities in obesity care : The transformations and dissolution of ‘Will’ and ‘Drives’
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Health Care Analysis. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 1065-3058 .- 1573-3394. ; 24:4, s. 321-337
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public debate about who or what is to blame for the rising rates of obesity and overweight shifts between two extreme opinions. The first posits overweight as the result of a lack of individual will, the second as the outcome of bodily drives, potentially triggered by the environment. Even though apparently clashing, these positions are in fact two faces of the same liberal coin. When combined, drives figure as a complication on the road to health, while a strong will should be able to counter obesity. Either way, the body's propensity to eat is to be put under control. Drawing on fieldwork in several obesity clinics and prevention sites in the Netherlands, this paper first traces how this 'logic of control' presents itself in clinical practices targeted at overweight people, and then goes on to explore how these practices move beyond that logic. Using the concepts of 'will' and 'drives' as analytical tools, I sketch several modes of ordering reality in which bodies, subjects, food and the environment are configured in different ways. In this way it appears that in clinical practices the terms found in public discourse take on different meanings and may even lose all relevance. The analysis reveals a richness of practiced ideals. The paper argues, finally, that making visible these alternative modes of ordering opens up a space for normative engagements with obesity care that move beyond the logic of control and its critiques.
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| 49. |
- Voudouris, Petros, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Bounding the execution time of parallel applications on unrelated multiprocessors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Real-Time Systems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0922-6443 .- 1573-1383. ; 58:2, s. 189-232
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heterogeneous multiprocessors, that consist of processor types with different execution capabilities, are critical today, and in future, to offer high performance and high energy efficiency. In order to use them in hard real-time systems to support parallel processing, a tight estimation of the upper bound on the completion time (WCET) of parallel applications is needed. This paper presents, for the first time, a closed-form solution for the calculation of the WCET for task-based parallel applications modeled as directed acyclic-graphs (DAG) using the general unrelated multiprocessor model that is capable of modeling a wide range of heterogeneous multiprocessor platforms. The paper contributes with a polynomial time algorithm to calculate the WCET (i.e., makespan) for the unrelated model. In addition, it presents simulation results that are based on modeling a set of representative OpenMP task-based parallel applications from the BOTS benchmark suite.
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| 50. |
- Vuorsola, Lasse, 1987-
(författare)
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Societal support for the educational provisions of Finnish in the Swedish school system in theory and practice
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Language Policy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1568-4555 .- 1573-1863. ; 18:3, s. 363-385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Language policy has an impact both on societies and on individuals, especially in contexts where negative ideologies toward minorities and minority languages may exist. A functional language policy protects a minority and allows it to develop its culture and language, while an ineffective policy might cause irreparable damage and lead to language attrition and even complete loss of language. The development of Finnish in Sweden from a language policy perspective has been fairly positive since the mid-1990s, especially when it comes to the establishment and strengthening of the legal and regulatory support in international conventions and domestic legislation. Despite these improvements there have been practical negative developments, which are symbolised in the closing down of a bilingual independent school in Gothenburg in 2016. The closing of the schools signal opposing tendencies in the treatment of Finnish in Sweden. In this paper I will examine how supranational and national language policies are implemented locally in Gothenburg and how this implementation reveals how well the policies function and what role ideologies play in the implementation. I discuss how different levels of policymaking and application contribute to the current status of the Sweden Finnish minority and Sweden Finnish as a minority language by employing Richard Ruiz’s three orientations to language planning (Ruiz 1984; Hult and Hornberger 2016) in tandem with Irvine & Gal’s concept of erasure and critical discourse analysis. I exemplify how the language policies work by studying interviews and media reporting from the field. I examine how the different discourses are in conflict with each other and what ramifications these discrepancies result in.
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