| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Aljassim, Obaid, et al.
(författare)
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Inflammatory response and platelet activation after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian cardiovascular journal : SCJ. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 40:1, s. 43-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cardiac surgery induces a systemic inflammatory activation and alterations in the hemostatic cascade. The responses contribute to postoperative complications but may also have protective effects. We investigated the relationship between inflammation, hemostasis and bleeding after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB). METHODS: Ten OPCAB patients were included in a prospective descriptive study. Selected markers of inflammation (IL-6, IL-8, PMN-elastase, C3a, and SC5b-9), and hemostasis (platelet count, ss-thromboglobulin, anti-thrombin, D-dimer and fibrinogen) were measured before and immediately after surgery. Postoperative bleeding was registered. RESULTS: Inflammatory variables did not alter significantly during surgery while ss-thromboglobulin concentrations increased and anti-thrombin and fibrinogen decreased. There were significant postoperative correlations between PMN-elastase and ss-thromboglobulin (r=0.82, p=0.004), between PMN-elastase and fibrinogen (r=0.69, p=0.03) and between C3a and ss-thromboglobulin (r=0.71, p=0.02). In addition, there were significant inverse correlations between postoperative bleeding and pre- and postoperative fibrinogen levels (r=-0.76, p=0.011 and r=-0.84, p=0.002 respectively), between bleeding and postoperative ss-thromboglobulin levels (r=-0.66, p=0.04) and between bleeding and postoperative PMN-elastase (r=-0.75, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The results give further evidence for an association between the inflammatory response and hemostasis after cardiac surgery.
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| 3. |
- Berg, K., et al.
(författare)
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Oxidative stress during coronary artery bypass operations : Importance of surgical trauma and drug treatment
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 40:5, s. 291-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To investigate oxidative stress and myocardial injury at different stages of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Design. Twenty patients underwent CABG with use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and with intermittent sampling of plasma and urine. Main markers were: 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) (oxidative stress); troponin T (myocardial injury); and 15-keto-dihydro-PGF2 alpha and hsCRP (inflammation). Results. Plasma 8-iso-PGF2 alpha increased after start of surgery, but there was no further rise during CPB or after aortic cross-clamp release and no significant myocardial arterio-venous differences. An increase in troponin T was seen early after the operation, but no relationship was established between 8-iso-PGF2 alpha and troponin T. 8-iso-PGF2 alpha levels were elevated by preoperative withdrawal of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) but reduced by intraoperative use of heparin. 15-keto-dihydro-PGF2 alpha was elevated during operation and hsCRP following operation. Conclusions. In the present study oxidative stress was multifactorial in origin with main impacts from surgical trauma, less from CPB and little if any from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion events. In addition, cardiovascular drugs in common use like ASA and heparin seemed to influence the pro- and antioxidant balance, a finding that has to be confirmed in future studies.
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| 4. |
- Ekman, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Cost-effectiveness of the Taxus paclitaxel-eluting stent in the Swedish healthcare system
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 40:1, s. 17-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To analyse the cost-effectiveness of Taxus compared to a bare-metal stent in patients with coronary artery disease in the Swedish healthcare setting. DESIGN: A decision-analytic model combining clinical data on revascularization rates with Swedish unit costs for medical resources and utility data from the literature. RESULTS: For patients of moderate risk, the average cost per patient at 12 months is 72,200 SEK for Taxus and 66,900 SEK for a bare-metal stent, while the average cost for high risk patients is nearly equivalent (73,000 vs. 71,700 SEK). The cost per revascularization avoided is generally favourable, while the incremental cost per QALY gained varies depending on the assumptions made; from 2,351,000 SEK for patients of moderate risk at 12-months to cost saving at 24 months for high risk patients. Budget impact scenarios at 12 months are cost-neutral. CONCLUSION: The Taxus stent is cost-effective in high risk patients, particularly at 24 months. Although it may be less cost-effective for the general population, there is still a substantial offset of initial procedure costs through lower rate of repeat revascularizations.
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| 5. |
- Friberg, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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Cost effectiveness of local collagen-gentamicin as prophylaxis for sternal wound infections in different risk groups
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 40:2, s. 117-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: In a randomized trial addition of local collagen-gentamicin in the sternal wound reduced the rate of sternal wound infection (SWI) to about 50% compared to intravenous prophylaxis alone. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the economic rationale for its use in every-day clinical practice. This includes the question whether high-risk groups that may have particular benefit should be identified. DESIGN: For each patient with SWI in the trial the costs attributable to the SWI were calculated. Risk factors for SWI were identified and any heterogeneity of the effect of the prophylaxis examined. RESULTS: The mean cost of a SWI was about 14500 Euros. A cost effectiveness analysis showed that the prophylaxis was cost saving. The positive net balance was even higher in risk groups. Assignment to the control group, overweight, diabetes, younger age, mammarian artery use, left ventricular ejection fraction <35% and longer operation time were independent risk factors for infection. CONCLUSION: The addition of local collagen-gentamicin to intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis was dominant, i.e. resulted in both lower costs and fewer wound infections.
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| 6. |
- Hannuksela, Matias, et al.
(författare)
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Thoracic aorta : dilated or not?
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 40:3, s. 175-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Knowledge of normal aortic diameters is important in the assessment of aortic disease. The aim of this study was to determine normal thoracic aortic diameters.Design: 77 patients undergoing computed tomography of the thorax were studied. The diameter of the thoracic aorta was measured at three levels in the ascending aorta and at three levels in the descending aorta. The diameter was studied in relation to age, sex, weight and height.Results: We found that aortic diameter is increasing with increasing age. Even sex and BMI influence the aortic diameter but to a lesser extent than age. The upper normal limit for ascending aorta can be calculated with the formula D(mm) = 31 + 0.16*age and for descending aorta with the formula D(mm) = 21 + 0.16*age. Thus a 20-year-old person has an upper normal limit for ascending aorta of 34 mm and an 80-year-old person has a limit of 44 m.Conclusions: The thoracic aortic diameter varies with age, sex and body weight and height. The strongest correlation can be seen with age. Age should therefore be taken into consideration when determining whether the thoracic aorta is dilated or not.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Olsson, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Heart Surgery Register : Data quality for proximal thoracic aortic operations
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 40:6, s. 348-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. To review the data quality and validity in the nationwide Swedish Heart Surgery register for patients operated on the proximal thoracic aorta. Design. Medical records from a random sample of 300 patients in The Swedish Heart Surgery register were reviewed with register data items systematically re-reported. Variable reporting frequency, proportion of adequately reported data, and number and correctness of diagnostic and procedural codes were analysed. Results. After exclusions, 251 patients (84%) remained in the analysis. Reporting frequency for individual items varied from 12% to 100% (median 61%). For core variables, reporting frequency was 96%-100%. In 40 of 43 (93%) reviewed variables, registry data were at least 85% correct. A total of 485 diagnoses and 673 procedures were reported, compared to 617 diagnoses and 758 procedures identified in the review process. Conclusions. The register data quality and validity for patients operated on the proximal thoracic aorta was satisfactory overall, but need further improvement for complications. The register coverage and completeness was very high. Register-based reports should be accompanied by review of data quality.
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| 10. |
- Petursson, Petur, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Association between glycometabolic status in the acute phase and 21/2 years after an acute coronary syndrome
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scand Cardiovasc J. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 40:3, s. 145-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between glycometabolic status in the acute phase and 21/2 years later in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS: Non-diabetic patients (n = 762) presenting with ACS were prospectively followed up for 21/2 years. Patients were stratified by admission plasma glucose (<6.1 mmol/l, 6.1 - 6.9 mmol/l and >or=7.0 mmol/l) and HbA1c (or=5.5%). The predictive value of glucose levels >or= 7.0 mmol/l and HbA1c >or= 5.5% for glycometabolic disturbance (i.e. diabetes or impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG)) was analysed. RESULTS: Of 762 patients, 13% had a diagnosis of diabetes and 16% had IFG at follow-up. The prevalence of glycometabolic disturbance at follow-up increased with increasing plasma glucose at admission, from 19% in patients with < 6.1 mmol/l to 42% in patients with >or= 7.0 mmol/l. Sixty-one percent of patients with HbA1c >or= 5.5% had glycometabolic disturbance after 21/2 years compared to only 25% of those with HbA1c < 5.5%. CONCLUSION: Non-diabetic patients with ACS and hyperglycaemia are at high risk for developing glycometabolic disturbance. HbA1c may be an even stronger predictor of glycometabolic disturbance than plasma glucose.
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| 11. |
- Rosenqvist, M
(författare)
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Monitoring compliance to guidelines
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian cardiovascular journal : SCJ. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 40:5, s. 260-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Erlandsson, Soly, 1942-, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal study investigating the contribution of mental illness in chronic tinnitus patients
- 2006
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Ingår i: Audiological Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-386X .- 1651-3835. ; 4:3, s. 124-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nature of affective components seen in relation to tinnitus suffering was investigated in 70 patients consulting at an audiological clinic. They were interviewed and answered the Spielberger's State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). It was hypothesized that an anxious and depressed mood might be a sign of a serious psychiatric illness and, therefore, diagnostic interviews including the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), Axis II (personality) disorders (SCID-II), the BDI, the Montgomery A?sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Hopelessness Scale (HS), as well as biomedical tests, were conducted in a subgroup of 18 individuals. Fifty per cent (two women and seven men) were diagnosed as suffering from a personality disorder. No significant relationships were revealed when various biochemical markers were analysed. One and a half years later, 16 subjects were interviewed a third time and answered the STAI and the BDI. There was a clear trend in the data showing that patients having a personality disorder did not change their distress profile from the first to the third period of assessment. In these patients, a vicious circle caused by pronounced intolerance to life stress seems to operate in a more serious way than in patients who do not suffer from a personality disorder. © 2006 Taylor & Francis.
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| 14. |
- Johansson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of dizziness in relation to psychological factors and general health in older adults
- 2006
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Ingår i: Audiological Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-386X .- 1651-3835. ; 4:3, s. 144-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study examined the point prevalence of dizziness among older adults in the Swedish population. It also explored the relationship between dizziness and general health and psychological factors, and the impact of dizziness on daily life. Data were obtained by means of a postal survey, administrated to 2000 randomly selected adults. Among the responders, 247 were aged 65-79 years. Dizziness was defined as being at least slightly annoyed by dizziness or unsteadiness at present. Results showed that the point prevalence of dizziness was estimated at 25.2%. Dizziness increased significantly with age among the women, but not among the men. Statistically significant associations were found between dizziness and anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, depression, hearing problems, tinnitus, pain in neck or shoulder and muscle tension. Almost 10% of the sample had visited a physician during the last 12 months concerning their dizziness and more than 10% reported having been prevented from working or performing normal activities for at least a day due to dizziness. In conclusion, the present study suggests that, at present, more than 25% of the older adults in Sweden are suffering from dizziness. It also suggests that a large proportion of the older adults in the country visit a physician concerning their problems with dizziness each year, and that there are associations between dizziness and factors in multiple domains in this population. © 2006 Taylor & Francis.
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| 15. |
- Bjerlemo, Berit, et al.
(författare)
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Recovery after early vestibular rehabilitation in patients with acute unilateral vestibular loss
- 2006
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Ingår i: Audiological Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-386X .- 1651-3835. ; 4:3, s. 117-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were to follow the recovery process, and explore the disease impact on sick leave in patients with acute unilateral vestibular loss (AUVL). Another aim was to investigate whether initial signs of nystagmus, caloric response, and subjective symptoms of vertigo could predict the return to work. Recovery was followed through the reduction in spontaneous and head-shaking nystagmus, evaluated by Video-Frenzel examination, and by caloric response/asymmetry and spontaneous nystagmus, evaluated by bithermal binaural caloric testing. Information regarding employment, sick leave and subjective symptoms of vertigo was collected using a questionnaire. Twenty-seven patients with AUVL participated in a physiotherapy training programme, starting within 48 h of disease onset. Four assessments were performed: at disease onset, in the acute stage, and after one and six months. In most patients a very rapid cessation of spontaneous nystagmus could be observed (14/27 at a median time of two days after disease onset, a further 10 patients after one month and the remaining three patients after six months). A more prolonged persistence of head shaking nystagmus was observed (24/27, 14/27 and 5/21 of the patients showed head-shaking nystagmus at the three assessments). Caloric asymmetry was normalized after six months in 11/27 patients. A positive and significant correlation was observed between long-lasting sick leave and caloric asymmetry, sense of unsteadiness when standing and walking and older age. Unsteadiness when standing and walking, as well as existence of spontaneous nystagmus, were also positively and significantly correlated with the degree of caloric asymmetry. Spontaneous or head-shaking nystagmus, caloric asymmetry and subjective vertigo at disease onset did not, however, predict sick leave after one or six months. Recovery was excellent in most of the patients.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Andersson-Felé, Lena, 1946
(författare)
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Time to Revive Luther Gulick, on Span of Control and Organisation Quality, SPA Working Paper 2006:15
- 2006
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Ingår i: SPA Working Paper 2006:15. - 1651-5242.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the last few decades health care services as well as other parts of the public sector have gone through comprehensive rationalisation and financial cut-backs. Rationalisation means, almost by definition, increased demands on managers and their subordinates, since the intention is to retain an unaltered production or produce more with fewer employees. In association with rationalisation the public sector has also used many of the working and managing methods that have developed from and seen to be successful within the private sector. Flat organisations with few management levels and lean production, without essential support resources, have been sought for. This paper is about organisational prerequisites for managers at an operational level within the health care industry. These managers, with direct responsibility for personnel, are usually called supervisors, foremen, middle-managers or first line managers: They work closest to the personnel, the subordinates, and have direct responsibility for personnel, finance and the organisation on a daily basis. The main focus in this paper is on the relationship between the number of employees a manager is responsible for – the span of control - and primarily the quality of the working environment and performance – the internal quality. The purpose of this paper is to show both how the theories around the span of control have developed and also which empirical studies that have been carried out with respect to the span of control’s effect on the quality of the organisation. The paper begins with legislative demands on efficiency and quality in Swedish health care. This is followed by a section on the consequences of a more streamlined organisation, different levels of management, theories on the span of control and a review of empirical studies. The paper ends with a discussion around the importance of the span of control on work environment and performance.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Erlanson-Albertsson, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Reply to letter by Aarts and Greiner.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Pædiatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 95:5, s. 624-625
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20. |
- Hook, B, et al.
(författare)
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Prenatal and postnatal maternal smoking as risk factors for preschool children's mental health
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Pædiatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 95:6, s. 671-677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To identify maternal prenatal and postnatal smoking as risk factors for psychosocial behaviour problems in Swedish preschool children. Methods: This prospective, longitudinal population study compared mothers' self-reported smoking during pregnancy and when the child was 3 mo old with behaviour problems according to Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist at 3 y ( 1428 children) and 5.5 y of age ( 677 of the children). Results: 16% of the mothers smoked during pregnancy and the same number after the birth of the child. Controlling for possible confounding variables, maternal smoking was significantly related to externalizing problems, aggressive behaviour, and destructive/delinquent behaviour both at 3 y and 5.5 y. The effect was as strong for girls as for boys. Length and weight were lower for children of smoking mothers than for children of non-smoking mothers. Conclusion: Our study supports the importance of preventing maternal smoking during pregnancy and the infant years. Even a few cigarettes per day have negative consequences for the child. The goal must be total abstinence from smoking both pre- and postnatally.
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| 21. |
- Ljungberg, Elinor, et al.
(författare)
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Hospitalized Swedish children with hand and forearm injuries: A retrospective review.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Pædiatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 95:1, s. 62-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To analyse incidences and find risk groups in children hospitalized with hand injuries in a national retrospective study. Methods: All children with a primary hand or forearm injury admitted to Swedish hospitals during 1987 - 2001 were retrieved from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register and analysed as to incidence and characteristics. Results: Among 9855 children included, the median age was 7.0 y and two-thirds were boys. The incidence increased in both younger ( 0 - 6 y) and older ( 7 - 14 y) children. Wounds and fractures almost doubled, while muscle/tendon injuries decreased. In younger children, wounds and burns were the most frequent diagnoses. In older children, fractures and muscle/tendon injuries were common. Sharp objects caused most of the injuries. University hospitals treated almost half of the children. Conclusion: The number of children with hand injuries admitted to hospitals in Sweden increased annually. Analyses of causes behind the increase are important to counter this trend.
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| 22. |
- Jacobson, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Injuries among female football players : with special emphasis on regional differences
- 2006
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Ingår i: Advances in Physiotherapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1403-8196 .- 1651-1948. ; 8:2, s. 66-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this 1-year prospective study, the aim was to investigate if there are any differences concerning injuries and injury incidence during an entire football season between Swedish female football players from different geographical regions. A total of 130 out of 253 players (51%) sustained 229 injuries. The overall injury incidence was 9.6/1000 h of football. The incidence of injury during practice was 8.4/1000 h and during game was 13.3/1000 h. Players in the north had a higher incidence of injury during game than those in the south (19.5 vs. 7.2/1000 h, respectively, p<0.001). Fifty-nine per cent of all injuries were traumatic injuries. Both traumatic and overuse injuries occurred mainly during the early preseason and at the beginning of the competitive spring season. Of all injuries, 13% were classified as slight, 39% as minor, 37% as moderate and 11% as major injuries. Players in the north had a higher injury incidence concerning moderate injuries than players in the south (p<0.01). In the present study, evidence is presented that regional factors play a role in the injury incidence. Female football players in the north and south have different injury patterns. This could be a result of different conditions for football as a sport between the regions.
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| 23. |
- Lundmark, Robert
(författare)
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Cost structure of and the competition for forest-based biomass
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 21:3, s. 272-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biomass has become a popular alternative to satisfy expanding energy demand and as a substitute for fossil fuels and phased-out nuclear energy in Europe. The European Union White Paper stipulates that the utilization of biomass shall increase to 1566 TWh by 2010. However it is often overlooked that the forest resources are already, to a large extent, used by the forest industries. When promoting biomass for energy generation the consequences for the forest industries also need to be considered. Sweden is an excellent case study, as there are vast quantities of forest resources, nuclear power is starting to be phased out, there are restrictions on expanding hydropower and the political desire exists to "set an example" with respect to carbon dioxide emissions. This paper attempts to estimate and analyse the supply of two types of forest resource, namely, roundwood and harvesting residues derived from final harvesting and commercial thinnings. Two separate supply curves are estimated: one forroundwood and one for harvesting residues. The cost structure is based on an economic-engineering approach where the separate cost components are constructed from the lowest cost element into aggregates for labour, capital, materials and overhead costs for each forest resource. The results indicate an unutilized economic supply of 12 TWh of harvesting residues in Sweden. However, after these 12 TWh have been recovered it becomes more profitable to use roundwood for energy purposes than to continue extracting further amounts of harvesting residues.
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| 24. |
- Lycken, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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A multivariate approach to automatic grading of Pinus sylvestris sawn timber
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 21:2, s. 167-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to create an easier way to handle the often complicated and intricate situations with which the operator of an automatic grading system is faced each time a change to the grading rules is proposed. The scope of the study was the possibility of a holistic method of automatic appearance grading of sawn wood similar to manual grading and based on multivariate statistics. The study was based on 90 Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) sawlogs. The logs were sawn and the boards were scanned and manually graded. The result of the manual grading was defined as the true grade. Models for prediction of board grade based on aggregated defect variables were calibrated using partial least squares regression. The classification based on the multivariate models resulted in 80-85% of the boards being correctly graded according to the manual grading. In conclusion, this paper shows that a multivariate statistical approach for grading timber is a possible way to simplify the process of grading and to customize the grading rules when using an automatic grading system
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| 25. |
- Melander-Wikman, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Patient empowerment in rehabilitation : "somebody told me to get rehabilitated"
- 2006
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Ingår i: Advances in Physiotherapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1403-8196 .- 1651-1948. ; 8:1, s. 23-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within healthcare, there is a growing interest in patient influence and participation. The aim of this study is to describe patients' experience of participation in and influence on rehabilitation with the focus on physiotherapy. Interviews with patients from three different primary healthcare centres were conducted. The result indicated low patient participation in and influence on the rehabilitation process within the hospital. The informants trusted the competence of the caregivers and tried to be as compliant as possible. Their experiences were that training must be supported and followed up. Information about rights was requested. The informants felt that they were listened to and confirmed by the physiotherapists. The positive attitude was combined with low demands and a great feeling of gratitude as a matter of course. Using information and support from the physiotherapist, together with friends and next of kin, the informants had learned to cope with the new situation. In this paper, these results are understood and described in terms of the parallel process of rehabilitation, based on traditional and individual models, and implying that the patient copes with the situation by shifting between being compliant and adopting more self-regulatory behaviour, for example. Attitudes are changing in society and this study reflects the patient of today, and is confirmed by recent studies
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| 26. |
- Månsson Lexell, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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The complexity of daily occupations in multiple sclerosis.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2014 .- 1103-8128. ; 13:4, s. 8-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were to describe which self-care, productivity, and leisure occupations individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) perceive as difficult to perform on admission to rehabilitation and the individuals' own perception of the importance of, performance of, and satisfaction with these occupations. Whether the reported self-care, productivity, and leisure occupations were related to sex, age, disease severity, and living arrangements was also investigated. Forty-seven men and women (mean age 49.4 years) were assessed with the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) on admission to rehabilitation. The individuals reported 366 occupations (median 8, range 3-15), which were categorized as self-care (51%), productivity (30%), and leisure (19%). Three COPM subcategories—household management (26%), personal care (21%), and functional mobility (20%)—accounted for two-thirds of the reported occupations. All prioritized occupations (n=238; (median 5, range 2-7) had high ratings for importance and the ratings for performance and satisfaction were generally low. Men reported significantly more occupations related to self-care than women, but no significant difference between the sexes could be found for productivity and leisure. No significant differences between the occupational areas were found when age, disease severity, or/and living arrangements were included in the analysis. In conclusion, individuals with MS perceive difficulties with occupations related to all aspects of daily life. This underscores the need to use assessment tools that capture the complexity of daily occupations.
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| 27. |
- Nilsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Prices across the markets : how the German coal-based electricity price may affect the Swedish nuclear/hydro-based system
- 2006
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Ingår i: Minerals & Energy - Raw Materials Report. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-1049 .- 1651-2286. ; 21:3-4, s. 57-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper elaborates on the possible correlations between the electricity prices in two neighbouring regions.The question is of interest since a large part of the public and some politicians feel that the European CO2 emission trading system ought not to affect the hydro- and nuclear-based Swedish electricity market. The analysis builds upon empirical observations and simple econometric testing. Our results highlight some of connections between the Swedish and German electricity prices and we qualitatively discuss these results. Furthermore, we restate the obvious fact that the investment climate in Sweden must improve if the wish is to avoid having coalbased electricity production on the margin.
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| 28. |
- Persson, Marit, et al.
(författare)
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Living with a person with Alzheimer's disease : Experiences related to everyday occupations
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 13:4, s. 221-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to illuminate experiences of daily occupations among spouses living with a person with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The study contains phenomenological-hermeneutic interpretation of interviews with eight spouses. The analysis revealed the participants as being in the process of a changing occupational situation. They come to live an occupational life intertwined with their partners' needs. An ongoing process of occupational adjustment is taking place as a response to the changing situation. The spouses were occupied with consequences of their partner's disease. They were striving for occupational meaning and at the same time living with threats to meaningful occupations. It can be concluded that living with a partner with AD is a complex dealing with occupational meaning. This complexity should be considered in interventions.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Todorovic, Jelena, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of MSWI residues for utilization as secondary construction minerals : a review of methods
- 2006
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Ingår i: Minerals & Energy - Raw Materials Report. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-1049 .- 1651-2286. ; 20:3/4, s. 45-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) residues display a potential for reuse in construction. A risk of harmful emissions to the environment and negative effects on the performance of residues during utilization exist because of their composition. Extraction and stabilization pre-treatment methods are available to decrease harmful leaching from utilized MSWI residues. Extraction procedures remove pollutants in a liquid phase that has to be handled as waste water.
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| 31. |
- Jackson, Karin, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of care of the preterm infant : the parent and nurse perspective
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - Oslo : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 95:1, s. 29-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To study the subjective opinions about what is important in care at neonatal units and child health centres (CHCs) for premature newborns, and to compare these opinions with the care actually given. SUBJECTS: 21 mothers, 20 fathers and 15 nurses at the neonatal unit, and 21 mothers, 14 fathers and 18 nurses at CHCs.METHODS: A questionnaire on quality of Care from the Patient's Perspective was used. It contained three dimensions: identity-oriented approach, medical-technical competence and socio-cultural atmosphere. Each dimension was evaluated in terms of subjective importance and perceived reality of given care.RESULTS: In general, subjective importance was rated higher than perceived reality both for neonatal care and care at CHCs for the dimensions identity-oriented approach and medical-technical competence. However, higher ratings were given to neonatal care compared to CHCs for medical-technical competence. High-risk diagnoses and very low gestational age in the newborn did not affect the answers. Mothers rated medical-technical competence higher than nurses for neonatal care. Mothers and nurses rated identity-oriented approach higher than fathers for CHCs.CONCLUSION: Although both neonatal care and care at CHCs were highly rated, improvements can be made to fulfil the expectations of parents and nurses. Neonatal units seem to be more efficient in taking care of the special needs of these newborns compared to CHCs. The need for an optimal identity-oriented approach, medical-technical competence and socio-cultural atmosphere could strengthen the possibilities of parents to be confident in their parental role.
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| 32. |
- Landgren, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Health before and after adoption from Eastern Europe
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 95:6, s. 720-725
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DESIGN: A population-based study of pre-adoption, arrival and post-adoption health.AIM: To report prenatal and postnatal background factors, morbidity, growth and development in adoptees from Eastern Europe.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All 99 children born in Eastern Europe between 1990 and 1995 and adopted to western Sweden during 1993-1997 were invited to participate in the study. Altogether, 76 (77%) participated. Medical records from the birth countries, from the examination at arrival and from medical reports made during a mean post-adoption period of 5 years were evaluated.RESULTS: Low birth weight (< or = 2500 g) occurred in 48%. Congenital malformations were found in 22%. The biological mothers of 33% of the children had been considered alcoholics, and 16% of the children's mothers had been diagnosed with a psychiatric disability. A high incidence of infectious diseases, neurodevelopment disorders and growth retardation had been noted during the pre-adoption period. Upon arrival in Sweden 75% were diagnosed with a medical condition, most often an infection. After a 5-year post-adoption period, small head circumference was associated with alcohol exposure during pregnancy and 46% had at least one neurodevelopment or behavioural disorder.CONCLUSION: Adverse prenatal and perinatal factors, congenital malformations and post-adoption neurodevelopment disorders were common. Adoptees and adopters have complex needs for health support and information.
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| 33. |
- Ludvigsson, Jonas F.
(författare)
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Epidemiological study of constipation and other gastrointestinal symptoms in 8000 children
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 95:5, s. 573-580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: Adult studies indicate that gastrointestinal symptoms vary with sex and socioeconomic status. We examined socioeconomic factors, infant sex, smoking and gastrointestinal symptoms, especially constipation, in 2.5 year-old children. METHODS: This study was part of a prospective cohort study of children born 01.10.97-01.10.99 (the ABIS study; All Babies in Southeast Sweden). Socioeconomic factors, infant sex, smoking were analyzed vs. constipation, diarrhoea, anorexia, abdominal pain, meteorism and vomiting using logistic regression. All data were obtained through questionnaires distributed at infant birth, at 1 and 2.5 years of age. RESULTS: Out of 8341 children, 539 (6.5%) suffered from constipation. In a backward stepwise regression analysis (AOR; and 95% CI AOR = are given within brackets), constipation correlated with low maternal education (1.60; 1.08-2.35), female sex (1.52; 1.23-1.85), living in a large community with >3000 inhabitants (1.35; 1.09-1.64) and having no older siblings (1.28; 1.04-1.59). Smoking during pregnancy was linked to diarrhoea (multivariate analysis: 1.76; 1.02-3.02), anorexia (univariate analysis: 1.43; 1.09-1.87) and meteorism (univariate analysis: 1.58; 1.11-2.27). Adjusting for confounders, paracetamol use was linked to a five-fold increased risk of anorexia (5.12; 1.26-20.70). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that socioeconomic status, infant sex and parental smoking, are associated with gastrointestinal symptoms in children.
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| 34. |
- Mattsson, Sven, 1943-, et al.
(författare)
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Tap-water enema for children with myelomeningocele and neurogenic bowel dysfunction
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 95:3, s. 369-374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To evaluate the outcome of transrectal irrigation (TRI) using clean tap water without salt in children with myelomeningocele and neurogenic bowel problems.Methods: 40 children (21 boys and 19 girls; aged 10 mo to 11 y) with myelomeningocele and neurogenic bowel dysfunction were treated with TRI given by a stoma cone irrigation set daily or every second day. A questionnaire on the effects on faecal incontinence, constipation and self-management was completed by the parents, 4 mo–8 y (median 1.5 y) after start. Effects on rectal volume, anal sphincter pressure and plasma sodium were evaluated before and after the start of irrigation.Results: At follow-up, 35 children remained on TRI, four had received appendicostomy, while one defecated normally. For all children but five (35/40; 85%) the procedure worked satisfactorily, but a majority found the procedure very time consuming and only one child was able to perform it independently. All children were free of constipation; most (35/40) were also anal continent. Rectal volume and anal sphincter pressure improved, while plasma sodium values remained within the normal range.Conclusion: Transrectal irrigation with tap water is a safe method to resolve constipation and faecal incontinence in children with myelomeningocele and neurogenic bowel dysfunction, but it does not help children to independence at the toilet.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Farahani, Fataneh, 1966-
(författare)
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Veiled Meanings
- 2006
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Ingår i: Axess. - Stockholm : Axess. - 1651-0941. ; :2, s. 92-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 37. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive bias via the Internet : A comparison of web-based and standard emotional Stroop tasks in social phobia
- 2006
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Ingår i: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1650-6073 .- 1651-2316. ; 35:1, s. 55-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is accumulating evidence to suggest that social phobia is associated with attentional bias for words related to social threat. Information processing in individuals with social phobia (n = 87) was investigated in the present study using 2 versions of the emotional Stroop task. Results from a standard emotional Stroop task indicated delayed colour naming of socially threatening words relative to neutral words, in line with previous research, whereas results from a Web-based emotional Stroop task indicated a facilitation effect, with faster manual indication of colour choice for socially threatening words than for neutral words. Possible explanations for these contrasting findings and issues for further research are discussed. © 2006 Taylor & Francis.
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| 38. |
- Zdolsek, Johann, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Laser Doppler perfusion imaging of the radial forearm flap : A clinical study
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-4311 .- 1651-2073. ; 40:2, s. 101-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) allows non-invasive assessment of blood flow in a predefined area of skin rather than at one single point. We have used LDPI to study the pattern of skin blood flow in the radial forearm flap before and after the flap has been raised. The data were collected from a consecutive series of 11 patients with cancer of the oral cavity or oropharynx in whom the radial forearm flap had been used during the reconstructive procedure. Reperfusion leads to an immediate hyperaemic response both in the flap and the surrounding skin. This hyperaemia remains for at least the first 30 minutes after reperfusion. The perfusion of the radial side of the forearm skin distal to the flap is significantly lower than that on the ulnar side after the skin island has been raised and the distal artery divided. We suggest that LDPI is useful for monitoring the perfusion of free skin flaps. © 2006 Taylor & Francis.
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| 39. |
- Serup, Jörgen, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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To follow or not to follow dermatological treatment : A review of the literature
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0001-5555 .- 1651-2057. ; 86:3, s. 193-197
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Creams, ointments and solutions applied to the skin surface by patients as part of a daily routine might be expected to provide a more variable dosage than do standard tablets. However, adherence to treatment in dermatology has been little studied. This article reviews recent publications in the field. These are dominated by questionnaire-based studies, which tend to over-estimate adherence. Reduced adherence to dermatological treatment is noted in 34-45% of patients. It is likely that the percentage of patients who practice truly optimal treatment in their daily life is even lower considering the variable practice of self-treatment. Self-reported psychiatric morbidity contributes to poor adherence to dermatological treatment, while a well-functioning doctor-patient interaction is a major determinant of good adherence, as is patient satisfaction. In conclusion, adherence to dermatological treatment is unsatisfactory and there is a need for intervention and change in clinical routines. The therapeutic and economic benefits may be considerable. The immediate challenge is to stimulate a change in patient behaviour and improve self-treatment at home. © 2006 Acta Dermato-Venereologica.
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| 40. |
- Olhager, Elisabeth, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of total body fat using the skinfold technique in full-term and preterm infants
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 95:1, s. 21-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Assessment of body composition may be of interest when the nutritional status of infants is evaluated but is often difficult since simple and valid methods are lacking. With appropriate validation, measurements based on skinfold thickness (SFT) may be useful for this purpose. Aims: To evaluate the potential of a published method, based on measurements of SFT, to assess total body fat (TBF) of infants, and to calculate the fat content of adipose tissue (AT) in infants using previously published information regarding AT volume and total body water. Subjects and methods: Forty-five full-term infants and eight infants born in gestational weeks 31-33 were studied at a postnatal age of 4-131 and 44-75 d, respectively. The body water dilution method was used to obtain reference estimates of TBF (TBF-BWD). Results: In full-term infants, TBF assessed using the skinfold method (TBF-SFT) minus TBF-BWD was 1.5±10.8% (mean±2 SD). Furthermore, TBF-SFT minus TBF-BWD (%, y) was correlated (p <0.0001) with the average of TBF-SFT and TBF-BWD (%, x), showing that TBF-SFT was too high in lean infants and too low in infants with more TBF. In the full-term infants, AT contained 0.68±0.14 g fat/ml. In the premature infants, TBF-SFT (%), TBF-BWD (%) and the AT fat content were similar to the corresponding figures in nine full-term newborns. Conclusion: The results indicate that the SFT method produced inaccurate and biased estimates of TBF in infants. A considerable variation between infants regarding their AT fat content may be an important reason for these findings. © 2006 Taylor & Francis.
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| 41. |
- Hydén, Dag, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Inner ear and facial nerve complications of acute otitis media with focus on bacteriology and virology
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 126:5, s. 460-466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conclusion. Among 20 patients with inner ear complications and/or peripheral facial palsy secondary to acute otitis media (AOM) a proven or probable bacteriological cause was found in 13 (65%). In seven patients (35%), a proven or probable viral cause was found. Only two of the patients (10%), with a proven bacterial AOM and a clinical picture of a purulent labyrinthitis in both, together with a facial palsy in one, had a substantial degree of dysfunction. Although the number of patients in this study is relatively low our findings show that inner ear complications and facial palsy due to AOM can be of both bacterial and viral origin. Severe sequelae were found only where a bacterial origin was proven. Objectives. Inner ear complications and/or peripheral facial palsy secondary to AOM are rare. The general understanding is that they are due to bacterial infections. However, in some of these patients there are no clinical or laboratory signs of bacterial infections and they have negative bacterial cultures. During recent years different viruses have been isolated from the middle ear or serologically proven in AOM patients and are thought to play a pathogenetic role. We suggest that in some cases of AOM complications from the inner ear and the facial nerve can be caused by viruses. The purpose of our study was to analyze infectious agents present in patients with inner ear complications and/or facial palsy arising from AOM. Patients and methods. The medical records of 20 patients who had inner ear complications and/or facial palsy following AOM (unilateral in 18, bilateral in 2) between January 1989 and March 2003 were evaluated. Bacterial cultures were carried out for all patients. Sera from 12 of the patients were stored and tested for a battery of specific viral antibodies. In three patients, investigated between November 2002 and March 2003, viral cultures were also performed on samples from the middle ear and nasopharynx. Results. Nineteen patients had inner ear symptoms. Eight of them had a unilateral sensorineural hearing loss and vertigo, three had vertigo as an isolated symptom and one, with bilateral AOM, had bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Seven patients had a combination of facial palsy and inner ear symptoms (unilateral sensorineural hearing loss in three, unilateral sensorineural hearing loss and vertigo in two, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and vertigo in one, with bilateral AOM, and vertigo alone in one). One patient had an isolated facial palsy. Healing was complete in 11 of the 20 patients. In seven patients a minor defect remained at follow-up (a sensorineural hearing loss at higher frequencies in all). Only two patients had obvious defects (a pronounced hearing loss in combination with a moderate to severe facial palsy (House-Brackman grade 4) in one, distinct vestibular symptoms and a total caloric loss in combination with a high-frequency loss in the other. Eight patients had positive bacteriological cultures from middle ear contents: Streptococcus pneumoniae in two, beta-hemolytic Streptococcus group A in two, beta-hemolytic Streptococcus group A together with Staphylococcus aureus in one, Staph. aureus alone in one and coagulase-negative staphylococci (interpreted as pathogens) in two. In the 12 patients with negative cultures, there was a probable bacteriological cause due to the outcome in SR/CRP and leukocyte count in five. In four patients serological testing showed a concomitant viral infection that was interpreted to be the cause (varicella zoster virus in two, herpes simplex virus in one and adenovirus in one.) In three there was a probable viral cause despite negative viral antibody test due to normal outcome in SR/CRP, normal leukocyte count, serous fluid at myringotomy and a relatively short pre-complication antibiotic treatment period. © 2006 Taylor & Francis.
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| 42. |
- Aaro, LE, et al.
(författare)
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Promoting sexual and reproductive health in early adolescence in South Africa and Tanzania: development of a theory- and evidence-based intervention programme
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 34:2, s. 150-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Action to prevent the spread of HIV among young people in Sub-Saharan Africa is needed urgently. In order to be effective, such action should be theory and evidence based and carefully adapted to local cultures and contexts. The present article describes the organization, theoretical basis, and methodological approach of a project that aims at developing and evaluating school-based interventions targeting adolescents aged 12—14 years. Methods: Researchers from European and African universities have developed interventions that were conducted in three sites: Cape Town and Polokwane (South Africa) and Dar es Salaam (Tanzania). In each site the interventions were evaluated through large-scale field experiments with intervention schools and delayed intervention schools and with baseline and two follow-up data collections. Mimimum sample sizes were estimated for each site based on local data and taking into acount that the unit of allocation was schools and not individual students (the design effect). During the formative phase as well as within the field experiments, qualitative studies were also conducted. Discussion: The interventions were developed consistent with the Intervention Mapping approach, and the theoretical framework was based on a modified version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The limitations of Western social cognition models were recognized, and the theoretical framework has therefore been expanded in two directions: towards integrating cultural processes and towards taking societal factors and constraints into account. Conclusion: The project will throw light on the application of social cognition models as well as the usefulness of the Intervention Mapping approach to intervention development in sub-Saharan Africa.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Aburawi, Elhadi, et al.
(författare)
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Familial idiopathic atrial fibrillation with fetal bradyarrhythmia.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Pædiatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 95:12, s. 1700-1702
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A woman presented at 28 wk gestation with fetal bradycardia 50 bpm, which persisted until 42 wk when an asymptomatic male baby was delivered. Electrocardiograph at 3 wk of age documented an incessant atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular response. He continued to be asymptomatic, but on follow-up at 16 y of age, 24-h Holter monitor showed a heart rate of 23 bpm and pauses of up to 6 s when a VVIR programme endocardial pacing system was employed. ECG carried out on his asymptomatic father showed intermittent atrial fibrillation, again with a slow ventricular response. Conclusion: Atrial fibrillation is extremely rare in children with normal cardiac structure. Most instances of fetal bradycardia are caused by congenital complete heart block. Other rare causes such as atrial fibrillation with fetal bradycardia need to be considered. This case might be a familial disorder and looks to have a good prognosis.
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| 45. |
- Agardh, EE, et al.
(författare)
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The magnitude of bias in a cross-sectional study on lifestyle factors in relation to Type 2 diabetes
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 34:6, s. 665-668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: In cross-sectional studies it may be difficult to ascertain the temporal order of exposure and disease, which may have consequences for causal inference. The authors aimed to illustrate the possible magnitude of this potential bias using data from a cross-sectional study on coffee consumption and work stress in relation to type 2 diabetes. Methods: By a series of computer simulations the authors examined to what extent the observed negative association between type 2 diabetes and high coffee consumption and positive association between type 2 diabetes and high work stress could be due to reverse causality, by assuming that cases changed their exposures in response to development of the disease. Results: If the negative association between coffee and type 2 diabetes was a consequence of reversed causality, 30—40% of the cases would have to decrease their coffee consumption from≥5 cups of coffee per day to 3—4 cups per day and from 3—4 cups per day to≤2 cups of coffee per day. Moreover, approximately 60% of the cases would have to increase their work stress from low to medium work stress and from medium to high work stress, in order to produce the positive association with diabetes that was observed. Conclusion: Even if the type 2 diabetic patients to some extent may have changed their exposure in response to disease development, it seems unlikely that the associations observed between type 2 diabetes, coffee consumption, and work stress are due to this bias.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Albertsson, Per, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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On metronomic chemotherapy: modulation of angiogenesis mediated by VEGE-A
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 45:2, s. 144-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tumors are angiogenesis dependent. Preclinical studies have shown that well-tolerated continuous low dose, i.e. metronomic, chemotherapy can exert significant antiangiogenic effects per se and thereby a greater antitumor influence than conventional chemotherapy with high, spaced-out bolus doses. There are however, no means of quantitatively assessing the antiangiogenic effect of chemotherapy in tumors. We therefore used a surrogate tumor-free, non-surgical rat mesentery model and quantitatively studied the dose effect of metronomic treatment with cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, fluorouracil and paclitaxel on VEGF-A-mediated angiogenesis, a characteristic of tumors. Cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel treatment exerted significant dose-dependent antiangiogenic effects, whereas doxorubicin treatment produced insignificant effects. By contrast, metronomic cisplatin and fluorouracil treatment occasionally significantly stimulated angiogenesis in a dose-dependent, non-linear manner. To our knowledge, this is the first report of metronomic chemotherapy stimulating angiogenesis in vivo. The data suggest that the angiogenic response to cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil and paclitaxel was significantly influenced by the presence of antioxidants in the vehicles or when co-treated with N-acetylcystein, a widely used free-radical scavenger. The data relating to the metronomic scheduling were compared with bolus treatment data for the identical agent formulations in the same experimental model. Cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel caused approximately the same overall, agent-specific angiogenesis-modulating effects following metronomic and bolus treatments. Moreover, apparently secondary delayed effects of chemotherapy affected capillary sprouting.
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| 50. |
- Ali, Sadiq Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial work conditions, unemployment, and leisure-time physical activity: a population-based study.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 34:2, s. 209-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the association between psychosocial work conditions and unemployment, and low leisure-time physical activity. Design/setting/participants/measurements: The 2000 public health survey in Scania is a cross-sectional postal questionnaire study with a 59% participation rate. A total of 5,180 persons aged 18—64 years who belonged to the workforce and the unemployed were included in this study. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between psychosocial factors at work and unemployment, and low leisure-time physical activity. Psychosocial conditions at work were defined according to the Karasek—Theorell demand—control/decision latitudes into relaxed, active, passive, and job strain categories. The multivariate analyses included age, country of birth, education, economic stress, and social participation. Results: In total, 16.1% of men and 14.8% of women had low leisure-time physical activity. The job strain (high demands/low control) and unemployed categories had significantly higher odds ratios of low leisure-time physical activity among both men and women compared with the relaxed (low demands/high control) reference category. However, the significant differences between the job strain, the unemployed, and the relaxed categories disappeared in the multivariate models. Conclusions: Respondents with job strain or unemployment have significantly higher odds ratios of low leisure-time physical activity than the relaxed category. However, after adjustments for education in particular the differences disappear. Nevertheless, the results suggest that the association between psychosocial work conditions, which are often dependent on education, and leisure-time physical activity may be interesting to study in more detail.
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