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1.
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2.
  • Jendle, Johan, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • A narrative commentary about interoperability in medical devices and data used in diabetes therapy from an academic EU/UK/US perspective
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 67:2, s. 236-245
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • People living with diabetes have many medical devices available to assist with disease management. A critical aspect that must be considered is how systems for continuous glucose monitoring and insulin pumps communicate with each other and how the data generated by these devices can be downloaded, integrated, presented and used. Not only is interoperability associated with practical challenges, but also devices must adhere to all aspects of regulatory and legal frameworks. Key issues around interoperability in terms of data ownership, privacy and the limitations of interoperability include where the responsibility/liability for device and data interoperability lies and the need for standard data-sharing protocols to allow the seamless integration of data from different sources. There is a need for standardised protocols for the open and transparent handling of data and secure integration of data into electronic health records. Here, we discuss the current status of interoperability in medical devices and data used in diabetes therapy, as well as regulatory and legal issues surrounding both device and data interoperability, focusing on Europe (including the UK) and the USA. We also discuss a potential future landscape in which a clear and transparent framework for interoperability and data handling also fulfils the needs of people living with diabetes and healthcare professionals.
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3.
  • Leonhardt, Henrik, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Endovascular management of acute bleeding arterioenteric fistulas.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Cardiovascular and interventional radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-086X .- 0174-1551. ; 31:3, s. 542-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The objective of this study was to review the outcome of endovascular transcatheter repair of emergent arterioenteric fistulas. Cases of abdominal arterioenteric fistulas (defined as a fistula between a major artery and the small intestine or colon, thus not the esophagus or stomach), diagnosed over the 3-year period between December 2002 and December 2005 at our institution, were retrospectively reviewed. Five patients with severe enteric bleeding underwent angiography and endovascular repair. Four presented primary arterioenteric fistulas, and one presented a secondary aortoenteric fistula. All had massive persistent bleeding with hypotension despite volume substitution and transfusion by the time of endovascular management. Outcome after treatment of these patients was investigated for major procedure-related complications, recurrence, reintervention, morbidity, and mortality. Mean follow-up time was 3 months (range, 1-6 months). All massive bleeding was controlled by occlusive balloon catheters. Four fistulas were successfully sealed with stent-grafts, resulting in a technical success rate of 80%. One patient was circulatory stabilized by endovascular management but needed immediate further open surgery. There were no procedure-related major complications. Mean hospital stay after the initial endovascular intervention was 19 days. Rebleeding occurred in four patients (80%) after a free interval of 2 weeks or longer. During the follow-up period three patients needed reintervention. The in-hospital mortality was 20% and the 30-day mortality was 40%. The midterm outcome was poor, due to comorbidities or rebleeding, with a mortality of 80% within 6 months. In conclusion, endovascular repair is an efficient and safe method to stabilize patients with life-threatening bleeding arterioenteric fistulas in the emergent episode. However, in this group of patients with severe comorbidities, the risk of rebleeding is high and further intervention must be considered. Patients with cancer may only need treatment for the acute bleeding episode, and an endovascular approach has the advantage of low morbidity.
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4.
  • Belitsky, Victor, 1955, et al. (författare)
  • A new 3 mm band receiver for the Onsala 20 m antenna
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 580
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A new receiver for the Onsala 20 m antenna with the possibility of being equipped with 3 mm and 4 mm bands has been built and the 3 mm channel has been commissioned during the Spring 2014. For single-dish operation, the receiver uses an innovative on-source/off-source optical switch. In combination with additional optical components and within the same optical layout, the switch provides two calibration loads (for the 3 mm and 4 mm channels), sideband rejection measurement, and tuning possibilities. The optical layout of the receiver employs all cold (4 K) offset elliptical mirrors for both channels, whereas the on-off switch employs flat mirrors only. The 3 mm channel employs a sideband separation (2SB) dual polarization receiver with orthomode transducer (OMT), 4-8 GHz intermediate frequency (IF), x? 2pol x? upper and lower sidebands (USB? +? LSB). The cryostat has four optical windows made of high density polyethylene (HDPE) with anti-reflection corrugations, two for the signal and two for each frequency band cold load. The cryostat uses a two-stage cryocooler produced by Sumitomo HI? RDK? 408D2 with anti-vibration suspension of the cold-head to minimize impact of the vibrations on the receiver stability. The local oscillator (LO) system is based on a Gunn oscillator with aphase lock loop (PLL) and four mechanical tuners for broadband operation, providing independently tunable LO power for each polarization. This paper provides a technical description of the receiver and its technology and could be useful for instrumentation engineers and observers using the Onsala 20 m telescope.
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5.
  • Belitsky, Victor, 1955, et al. (författare)
  • SEPIA - A new single pixel receiver at the APEX telescope
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 612
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Context. We describe the new Swedish-ESO PI Instrument for APEX (SEPIA) receiver, which was designed and built by the Group for Advanced Receiver Development (GARD), at Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) in collaboration with ESO. It was installed and commissioned at the APEX telescope during 2015 with an ALMA Band 5 receiver channel and updated with a new frequency channel (ALMA Band 9) in February 2016. Aim. This manuscript aims to provide, for observers who use the SEPIA receiver, a reference in terms of the hardware description, optics and performance as well as the commissioning results. Methods. Out of three available receiver cartridge positions in SEPIA, the two current frequency channels, corresponding to ALMA Band 5, the RF band 158-211 GHz, and Band 9, the RF band 600-722 GHz, provide state-of-the-art dual polarization receivers. The Band 5 frequency channel uses 2SB SIS mixers with an average SSB noise temperature around 45 K with IF (intermediate frequency) band 4-8 GHz for each sideband providing total 4 × 4 GHz IF band. The Band 9 frequency channel uses DSB SIS mixers with a noise temperature of 75-125 K with IF band 4-12 GHz for each polarization. Results. Both current SEPIA receiver channels are available to all APEX observers.
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6.
  • Dieckmann, Mark E, 1969-, et al. (författare)
  • Structure of a collisionless pair jet in a magnetized electron–proton plasma : flow-aligned magnetic field
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 621
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims. We study the effect a guiding magnetic field has on the formation and structure of a pair jet that propagates through a collisionless electron–proton plasma at rest.Methods. We model with a particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation a pair cloud with a temperature of 400 keV and a mean speed of 0.9c (c - light speed). Pair particles are continuously injected at the boundary. The cloud propagates through a spatially uniform, magnetized, and cool ambient electron–proton plasma at rest. The mean velocity vector of the pair cloud is aligned with the uniform background magnetic field. The pair cloud has a lateral extent of a few ion skin depths.Results. A jet forms in time. Its outer cocoon consists of jet-accelerated ambient plasma and is separated from the inner cocoon by an electromagnetic piston with a thickness that is comparable to the local thermal gyroradius of jet particles. The inner cocoon consists of pair plasma, which lost its directed flow energy while it swept out the background magnetic field and compressed it into the electromagnetic piston. A beam of electrons and positrons moves along the jet spine at its initial speed. Its electrons are slowed down and some positrons are accelerated as they cross the head of the jet. The latter escape upstream along the magnetic field, which yields an excess of megaelectronvolt positrons ahead of the jet. A filamentation instability between positrons and protons accelerates some of the protons, which were located behind the electromagnetic piston at the time it formed, to megaelectronvolt energies.Conclusions. A microscopic pair jet in collisionless plasma has a structure that is similar to that predicted by a hydrodynamic model of relativistic astrophysical pair jets. It is a source of megaelectronvolt positrons. An electromagnetic piston acts as the contact discontinuity between the inner and outer cocoons. It would form on subsecond timescales in a plasma with a density that is comparable to that of the interstellar medium in the rest frame of the latter. A supercritical fast magnetosonic shock will form between the pristine ambient plasma and the jet-accelerated plasma on a timescale that exceeds our simulation time by an order of magnitude.
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7.
  • Meledin, Denis, 1974, et al. (författare)
  • SEPIA345: A 345 GHz dual polarization heterodyne receiver channel for SEPIA at the APEX telescope
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 668
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Context. We describe the new SEPIA345 heterodyne receiver channel installed at the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) telescope, including details of its configuration, characteristics, and test results on sky. SEPIA345 is designed and built to be a part of the Swedish ESO PI Instrument for the APEX telescope (SEPIA). This new receiver channel is suitable for very high-resolution spectroscopy and covers the frequency range 272- 376 GHz. It utilizes a dual polarization sideband separating (2SB) receiver architecture, employing superconductor-isolator-superconductor mixers (SIS), and provides an intermediate frequency (IF) band of 4- 12 GHz for each sideband and polarization, thus covering a total instantaneous IF bandwidth of 4 ÃÂ - 8 = 32 GHz. Aims. This paper provides a description of the new receiver in terms of its hardware design, performance, and commissioning results. Methods. The methods of design, construction, and testing of the new receiver are presented. Results. The achieved receiver performance in terms of noise temperature, sideband rejection, stability, and other parameters are described. Conclusions. SEPIA345 is a commissioned APEX facility instrument with state-of-the-art wideband IF performance. It has been available on the APEX telescope for science observations since July 2021.
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8.
  • Nowak, Christoph, et al. (författare)
  • Multiplex proteomics for prediction of major cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : SPRINGER. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 61:8, s. 1748-1757
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims/hypothesis Multiplex proteomics could improve understanding and risk prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in type 2 diabetes. This study assessed 80 cardiovascular and inflammatory proteins for biomarker discovery and prediction of MACE in type 2 diabetes. Methods We combined data from six prospective epidemiological studies of 30-77-year-old individuals with type 2 diabetes in whom 80 circulating proteins were measured by proximity extension assay. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression was used in a discovery/replication design to identify biomarkers for incident MACE. We used gradient-boosted machine learning and lasso regularised Cox regression in a random 75% training subsample to assess whether adding proteins to risk factors included in the Swedish National Diabetes Register risk model would improve the prediction of MACE in the separate 25% test subsample. Results Of 1211 adults with type 2 diabetes (32% women), 211 experienced a MACE over a mean (+/- SD) of 6.4 +/- 2.3 years. We replicated associations (< 5% false discovery rate) between risk of MACE and eight proteins: matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12, IL-27 subunit alpha (IL-27a), kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23, protein S100-A12, TNF receptor (TNFR)-1, TNFR-2 and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor (TRAIL-R)2. Addition of the 80-protein assay to established risk factors improved discrimination in the separate test sample from 0.686 (95% CI 0.682, 0.689) to 0.748 (95% CI 0.746, 0.751). A sparse model of 20 added proteins achieved a C statistic of 0.747 (95% CI 0.653, 0.842) in the test sample. Conclusions/interpretation We identified eight protein biomarkers, four of which are novel, for risk of MACE in community residents with type 2 diabetes, and found improved risk prediction by combining multiplex proteomics with an established risk model. Multiprotein arrays could be useful in identifying individuals with type 2 diabetes who are at highest risk of a cardiovascular event.
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9.
  • Westberg, Håkan, 1949-, et al. (författare)
  • Inflammatory and coagulatory markers and exposure to different size fractions of particle mass, number and surface area air concentrations in Swedish iron foundries, in particular respirable quartz
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 92:8, s. 1087-1098
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: To study the relationship between inhalation of airborne particles and quartz in Swedish iron foundries and markers of inflammation and coagulation in blood.METHODS: Personal sampling of respirable dust and quartz was performed for 85 subjects in three Swedish iron foundries. Stationary measurements were used to study the concentrations of respirable dust and quartz, inhalable and total dust, PM10 and PM2.5, as well as the particle surface area and the particle number concentrations. Markers of inflammation, namely interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12), C-reactive protein, and serum amyloid A (SAA) were measured in plasma or serum, together with markers of coagulation including fibrinogen, factor VIII (FVIII), von Willebrand factor and D-dimer. Complete sampling was performed on the second or third day of a working week after a work-free weekend, and follow-up samples were collected 2 days later. A mixed model analysis was performed including sex, age, smoking, infections, blood group, sampling day and BMI as covariates.RESULTS: The average 8-h time-weighted average air concentrations of respirable dust and quartz were 0.85 mg/m3 and 0.052 mg/m3, respectively. Participants in high-exposure groups with respect to some of the measured particle types exhibited significantly elevated levels of SAA, fibrinogen and FVIII.CONCLUSIONS: These observed relationships between particle exposure and inflammatory markers may indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular disease among foundry workers with high particulate exposure.
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10.
  • Gräfenstein, Jürgen, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • The self-interaction error and the description of non-dynamic electron correlation in density functional theory
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Theoretical Chemistry Accounts. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-881X .- 1432-2234. ; 123:3-4, s. 171-182
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The self-interaction error (SIE) plays a central role in density functional theory (DFT) when carried out with approximate exchange-correlation functionals. Its origin, properties, and consequences for the development of standard DFT to a method that can correctly describe multi-reference electron systems by treating dynamic and non-dynamic electron correlation on an equal footing, is discussed. In this connection, the seminal work of Colle and Salvetti on wave function-based correlation functionals that do no longer suffer from a SIE is essential. It is described how the Colle–Salvetti correlation functional is an anchor point for the derivation of a functional multi-reference DFT method.
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11.
  • Polo, Victor, et al. (författare)
  • Long-range and short-range Coulomb correlation effects as simulated by Hartree-Fock, local density approximation, and generalized gradient approximation exchange functionals
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Theoretical Chemistry Accounts. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-881X. ; 109, s. 22-35
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Exchange functionals used in density functional theory (DFT) are generally considered to simulate long-range electron correlation effects. It is shown that these effects can be traced back to the self-interaction error (SIE) of approximate exchange functionals. An analysis of the SIE with the help of the exchange hole reveals that both short-range (dynamic) and long-range (nondynamic) electron correlation effects are simulated by DFT exchange where the local density approximation (LDA) accounts for stronger effects than the generalized gradient expansion (GGA). This is a result of the fact that the GGA exchange hole describes the exact exchange hole close to the reference electron more accurately than the LDA hole does. The LDA hole is more diffuse, thus leading to an underestimation of exchange and stronger SIE effects, where the magnitude of the SIE energy is primarily due to the contribution of the core orbitals. The GGA exchange hole is more compact, which leads to an exaggeration of exchange in the bond and the nonbonding region and negative SIE contributions. Partitioning of the SIE into intra-/interelectronic and individual orbital contributions makes it possible to test the performance of a given exchange functional in different regions of the molecule. It is shown that Hartree-Fock exchange always covers some long-range effects via interelectronic exchange while self-interaction-corrected DFT is lacking these effects.
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12.
  • Aronsson, Thomas, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • Habit formation and the pareto-efficient provision of public goods
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Social Choice and Welfare. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0176-1714 .- 1432-217X. ; 59, s. 669-681
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper examines the implications of habit formation in private and public goods consumption for the Pareto-efficient provision of public goods, based on a two-period model with nonlinear taxation. Under weak leisure separability, and if the public good is a flow-variable such that the government directly decides on the level of the public good in each period, habit formation leads to a modification of the policy rule for public good provision if, and only if, the degrees of habituation differ for private and public good consumption. By contrast, if the public good supply is time-invariant, the presence of habit formation generally alters the policy rule for public good provision.
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13.
  • Aronsson, Thomas, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • Positional preferences and efficiency in a dynamic economy
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Social Choice and Welfare. - : Springer. - 0176-1714 .- 1432-217X. ; 61, s. 311-337
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In an endogenous growth model, we characterize the conditions under which positional preferences for consumption and wealth do not cause inefficiency and derive an optimal tax policy response in cases where these conditions are not satisfied. The concerns for relative consumption and relative wealth partly emanate from social comparisons with people in other countries. We distinguish between a (conventional) welfarist government and a non-welfarist government that does not attach any social value to relative concerns. We also compare the outcome of Nash-competition among local/national governments with the resource allocation implied by a global social optimum both under welfarism and non-welfarism.
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14.
  • Aronsson, Thomas, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • Veblen's theory of the leisure class revisited: implications for optimal income taxation
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Social Choice and Welfare. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0176-1714 .- 1432-217X. ; 41:3, s. 551-578
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Several previous studies have demonstrated the importance of relative consumption comparisons for public policy. Yet, almost all of them have ignored the role of leisure for status comparisons. Inspired by Veblen (The theory of the leisure class. Macmillan, New York, 1899), this paper assumes that people care about their relative consumption and that leisure has a displaying role in making relative consumption more visible, based on a two-type model of optimal income taxation. While increased importance of relative consumption typically implies higher marginal income tax rates, in line with previous research, the effect of leisure-induced consumption visibility is to make the income tax more regressive in terms of ability.
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15.
  • Boström, Maria, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Experiences of work ability in young workers: an exploratory interview study
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 89:4, s. 629-640
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of and influences on work ability in young workers related to their work and life situation. Methods In a qualitative study of a strategic sample of 12 young female and 12 young male workers, aged 25-30 years, in work or recently left work, recruited from the 5-year follow-up of a Swedish cohort, semi-structured interviews were performed to explore the experiences of work ability in these young workers. Systematic text condensation inspired by phenomenology was used in the analysis. Results Work ability was experienced as complex, consisting of four themes, each with three subthemes. To be alert and have energy, to possess sufficient education, skills and working life experience and experience meaningfulness and engagement in work, were perceived to be fundamental for work ability and were seen as the worker’s own responsibility. Moreover, work ability can be improved or reduced by the psychosocial work climate, the work organization and the private life. Optimal work ability was experienced when all themes integrated in a positive way. Conclusions Work ability was experienced as the worker’s own responsibility that could be influenced by work circumstances and private life. To promote good work ability among young workers, work ability has to be understood in its specific context. Whether the understanding of work ability found in this study is explicit for the group of young adults, needs to be explored in a more general population in further research.
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16.
  • Damaschke, Peter, 1963 (författare)
  • Dividing splittable goods evenly and with limited fragmentation
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Algorithmica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0178-4617 .- 1432-0541. ; 82:5, s. 1298-1328
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A splittable good provided in n pieces shall be divided as evenly as possible among m agents, where every agent can take shares from at most F pieces. We call F the fragmentation and mainly restrict attention to the cases F= 1 and F= 2. For F= 1 , the max–min and min–max problems are solvable in linear time. The case F= 2 has neat formulations and structural characterizations in terms of weighted graphs. First we focus on perfectly balanced solutions. While the problem is strongly NP-hard in general, it can be solved in linear time if m≥ n- 1 , and a solution always exists in this case, in contrast to F= 1. Moreover, the problem is fixed-parameter tractable in the parameter 2 m- n. (Note that this parameter measures the number of agents above the trivial threshold m= n/ 2.) The structural results suggest another related problem where unsplittable items shall be assigned to subsets so as to balance the average sizes (rather than the total sizes) in these subsets. We give an approximation-preserving reduction from our original splitting problem with fragmentation F= 2 to this averaging problem, and some approximation results in cases when m is close to either n or n / 2.
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17.
  • Damaschke, Peter, 1963 (författare)
  • Fixed-parameter enumerability of cluster editing and related problems
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Theory of Computing Systems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-4350 .- 1433-0490. ; 46:2, s. 261-283
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cluster Editing is transforming a graph by at most k edge insertions or deletions into a disjoint union of cliques. This problem is fixed-parameter tractable (FPT). Here we compute concise enumerations of all minimal solutions in O(2.27^k+k^2n+m) time. Such enumerations support efficient inference procedures, but also the optimization of further objectives such as minimizing the number of clusters. In an extended problem version, target graphs may have a limited number of overlaps of cliques, measured by the number t of edges that remain when the twin vertices are merged. This problem is still in FPT, with respect to the combined parameter k and t. The result is based on a property of twin-free graphs. We also give FPT results for problem versions avoiding certain artificial clusterings. Furthermore, we prove that all solutions with minimal edit sequences differ on a so-called full kernel with at most k^2/4+O(k) vertices, that can be found in polynomial time. The size bound is tight. We also get a bound for the number of edges in the full kernel, which is optimal up to a (large) constant factor. Numerous open problems are mentioned.
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18.
  • Damaschke, Peter, 1963 (författare)
  • Homogeneous string segmentation using trees and weighted independent sets
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Algorithmica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0178-4617 .- 1432-0541. ; 57:4, s. 621-640
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We divide a string into k segments, each with only one sort of symbols, so as to minimize the total number of exceptions. Motivations come from machine learning and data mining. For binary strings we develop a linear-timealgorithm for any k. Key to efficiency is a special-purpose data structure, called W-tree, which reflects relations between repetition lengths of symbols. For non-binary strings we give a nontrivial dynamic programming algorithm. Our problem is equivalent to finding weighted independent sets with certain size constraints, either in paths (binary case) or special interval graphs (general case). We also show that this problem is FPT in bounded-degree graphs.
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19.
  • Damaschke, Peter, 1963 (författare)
  • Multiple spin-block decisions
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Algorithmica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0178-4617 .- 1432-0541. ; 44:1, s. 33-48
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We study the online problem of holding a number of idle threads on an application server, which we have ready for processing new requests. The problem stems from the fact that both creating/deleting and holding threads is costly, but future requests and completion times are unpredictable. We propose a practical scheme of barely random discrete algorithms with competitive ratio arbitrarily close to e/(e-1), where e=2.718... is Euler's number. The competitive ratio is sharply concentrated for any input. The results are generalizations of the well-known result for the rent-to-buy problem.
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20.
  • Damaschke, Peter, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Online search with time-varying price bounds
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Algorithmica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0178-4617 .- 1432-0541. ; 55:4, s. 619-642
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Online search is a basic online problem. The fact that its optimal deterministic/randomized solutions are given by simple formulas (however with difficult analysis) makes the problem attractive as a target to which other practical online problems can be transformed to find optimal solutions. However, since the upper/lower bounds of prices in available models are constant, natural online problems in which these bounds vary with time do not fit in the available models. We present two new models where the bounds of prices are not constant but vary with time in certain ways. The first model, where the upper and lower bounds of (logarithmic) prices have decay speed, arises from a problem in concurrent data structures, namely to maximize the (appropriately defined) freshness of data in concurrent objects. For this model we present an optimal deterministic algorithm and a nearly-optimal randomized algorithm. We also prove a lower bound of competitive ratios of randomized algorithms. The second model is inspired by the fact that some applications do not utilize the decay speed of the lower bound of prices in the first model. In the second model, only the upper bound decreases arbitrarily with time and the lower bound is constant. Clearly, the lower bound of competitive ratios proved for the first model holds also against the stronger adversary in the second model. For the second model, we present an optimal randomized algorithm. Our numerical experiments on the freshness problem show that this new algorithm achieves much better/smaller competitive ratios than previous algorithms do.
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21.
  • Damaschke, Peter, 1963 (författare)
  • The solution space of sorting with recurring comparison faults
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Theory of Computing Systems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-4350 .- 1433-0490. ; 62:6, s. 1427-1442
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Suppose that n elements shall be sorted by comparisons, but an unknown subset of at most k pairs systematically returns false comparison results. Using a known connection with feedback arc sets in tournaments (FAST), we characterize the solution space of sorting with recurring comparison faults by a FAST enumeration, which represents all information about the order that can be obtained by doing all comparisons. An optimal parameterized enumeration algorithm for FAST also works for the more general chordal graphs, and this fact contributes to the efficiency of our representation. Then, we compute the solution space more efficiently, by fault-tolerant versions of Treesort and Quicksort. For rare faults the complexity is close to optimal. We propose propose directions of further research, revolving around decision diagrams for sorting with recurring faults.
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22.
  • Damaschke, Peter, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Two new perspectives on multi-stage group testing
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Algorithmica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0178-4617 .- 1432-0541. ; 67:3, s. 324-354
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The group testing problem asks to find d
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23.
  • Digas, Georgios, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Five-year DEXA study of 88 hips with cemented femoral stem
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: International Orthopaedics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0341-2695 .- 1432-5195. ; 33:6, s. 1495-500
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We performed repeated dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurements over five years in a homogeneous patient population to study the effect of a cemented stem on proximal femoral bone remodelling. Data from 88 patients (88 hips) implanted with total hip arthroplasty (THA) prostheses were extracted from three randomised studies. Femoral bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using a Lunar DPX-IQ densitometer for five years postoperatively. At one year the BMD changes had decreased between -2.0% [region of interest (ROI) 1] and -11.5% (ROI 7). During the follow-up period the BMD initially increased during the second year and thereafter decreased again in ROIs 5, 6 and 7. The loss of BMD at five years was more pronounced in region 7 (12.9%) and decreased with increasing age, total hip replacement (THR) on the right side and decreasing weight of the patient. We found that after the initial phase of early bone loss a period of recovery follows. Thereafter the BMD decreases again, which probably reflects the normal ageing of bone after uncomplicated cemented THA.
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24.
  • Hedenmalm, Karin, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • Agranulocytosis and other blood dyscrasias associated with dipyrone (metamizole)
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-6970 .- 1432-1041. ; 58:4, s. 265-274
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: Agranulocytosis is a potentially lethal adverse drug reaction of dipyrone (metamizole). According to case-control studies, the frequency is low, approximately one per million users. The aim of the study was to describe the pattern of blood dyscrasias associated with dipyrone, identify possible risk factors and calculate the incidence of agranulocytosis associated with dipyrone. METHODS: All spontaneous reports of serious blood dyscrasias associated with dipyrone in Sweden were reviewed. The reports were scrutinised for additional information, including bone marrow findings. The reported incidence of agranulocytosis was estimated from total prescription sales of dipyrone. RESULTS: The reported incidence of agranulocytosis with dipyrone in Sweden was estimated to be at least 1:1439 (95% confidence interval 1:850, 1:4684) prescriptions. Ninety-two percent of the cases of blood dyscrasias occurred during the first 2 months of treatment. Additional risk factors were identified in 36% of the patients. In a total of five cases of which four were fatal, all three haematopoieses were affected according to bone marrow sample findings. Among the fatal cases, a higher proportion had bi- or tricytopenia than among the non-fatal cases ( P<0.005). CONCLUSION: Based on sales data and spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions in Sweden, the risk of agranulocytosis with dipyrone seems to be considerably higher than the previously estimated risks. Dipyrone is also associated with other blood dyscrasias, and the prognosis for combined dyscrasias seems to be poorer than for isolated agranulocytosis.
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25.
  • Hedenmalm, Karin, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • Increased liability of tramadol-warfarin interaction in individuals with mutations in the cytochrome p450 2D6 gene
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-6970 .- 1432-1041. ; 60:5, s. 369-372
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective  This study aimed to investigate the importance of cytochrome P450 enzymes for the reported interaction between tramadol and warfarin.Materials and methods  Cases of suspected interaction between tramadol and warfarin resulting in International Normalised Ratios increases that were reported to the Swedish Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee until March 2003 were included. Ten cases had been genotyped for known polymorphisms of CYP2D6, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19.Results  Seven of ten patients carried defective CYP2D6 alleles (population prevalence 42.2%) (one-sided binomial test, P=0.07). A further patient received concomitant drug treatments that may have resulted in CYP2D6 enzyme inhibition.Conclusion  The liability to an interaction between tramadol and warfarin may be related to the CYP2D6 activity.
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26.
  • Hedenmalm, Karin, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • The conscientious judgement of a DSMB : statistical stopping rules re-examined
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-6970 .- 1432-1041. ; 64:1, s. 69-72
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective:  In the light of the recent failure of a large cardiovascular mortality and morbidity study with torcetrapib, we have undertaken a post hoc review of the decisions taken by the Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) in that study. A number of other studies in which complex decisions were made by DSMBs are also reviewed. Results  The examples illustrate the complexities involved in the decision-making process by DSMBs and indicate that too much reliance on formal statistical stopping rules should be avoided due to a risk of delaying the identification of an unacceptable emergent safety signal. Methods  The review was based on information submitted by the sponsors of the studies to the Medical Products Agency. Conclusions  Multiple approaches to assessing the efficacy and safety in clinical trials need to be considered in order to facilitate early stopping of clinical trials with a negative risk benefit balance. Such systems may, for example, include the use of p-value flags and/or a complementary statistical analysis of the likelihood of achieving the study objective based on the data obtained to date.
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27.
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28.
  • Jendle, Johan, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • Better glycaemic control and less weight gain with once weekly dulaglutide vs bedtime insulin glargine, both combined with thrice daily lispro, in type 2 diabetes (AWARD-4)
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 57:Suppl 1, s. S23-S24
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background and aims: This 52 week, parallel-arm, open-label, phase 3 study compared two doses of the once weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide (DU) versus bedtime insulin glargine, all combined with pre-meal insulin lispro with or without metformin, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on conventional insulin therapy. Insulin glargine and insulin lispro were titrated to attempt to reach glycaemic targets.Materials and methods: Patients (N = 884; mean baseline characteristics: age 59.4 years; duration of diabetes 12.7 years; HbA1c 8.5%; body weight 91.1 kg; BMI 32.5 kg/m2; total daily insulin dose 56 U) were randomised (1:1:1) to once weekly DU 1.5 mg, DU 0.75 mg, or bedtime insulin glargine titrated-to-target. The primary objective was to compare the change in HbA1c from baseline of DU 1.5 mg with insulin glargine at 26 weeks for noninferiority (margin 0.4%) and if met, then superiority was tested.Results: At 26 and 52 weeks, both DU doses were statistically superior to insulin glargine for HbA1c change from baseline. Insulin glargine was associ-ated with greater fasting serum glucose reduction compared with both DU doses. The mean prandial insulin doses at 26 weeks were 93 U for DU 1.5 mg, 97 U for DU 0.75 mg, and 68 U for insulin glargine. The insulin glargine dose was 65 U. Similar insulin doses were observed at 52 weeks. Body weight decreased with DU 1.5 mg and increased with DU 0.75 mg and insulin glar-gine at 52 weeks. The rate of documented symptomatic hypoglycaemia (≤3.9 mmol/L) at 52 weeks was 31.0, 35.0,and 39.9 events/patient/year for DU 1.5 mg, DU 0.75 mg, and insulin glargine, respectively. The number of severe hypoglycaemia events was 11 for DU 1.5 mg, 15 for DU 0.75 mg, and 22 for insulin glargine. Nausea, diarrhoea, and vomiting were more common with DU 1.5 mg (25.8%, 16.6%, and 12.2%, respectively) and DU 0.75 mg (17.7%, 15.7%, and 10.6%) versus insulin glargine (3.4%, 6.1%, and 1.7%).Conclusion: DU compared to insulin glargine, both combined with insu-lin lispro, resulted in better glycaemic control, less body weight gain, no in-creased risk of hypoglycaemia, and more common reporting of gastrointes-tinal adverse events.
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29.
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30.
  • Kiselman, Dan, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • Is the solar spectrum latitude-dependent? An investigation with SST/TRIPPEL
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 535, s. A14-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Context. In studies of the solar spectrum compared to spectra of solar twin stars, it has been found that the chemical composition of the Sun seems to depart systematically from those of the twins. One possible explanation could be that the effect is caused by the special aspect angle of the Sun when observed from Earth compared with the aspect angles of the twins. This means that a latitude dependence of the solar spectrum, even with the heliocentric angle constant, could lead to the observed effects. Aims. We explore a possible variation in the strength of certain spectral lines that are used in the comparisons between the composition of the Sun and the twins at loci on the solar disk with different latitudes but at constant heliocentric angle. Methods. We use the TRIPPEL spectrograph at the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope on La Palma to record spectra in five spectral regions to compare different locations on the solar disk at a heliocentric angle of 45◦ . Equivalent widths and other parameters are measured for fifteen different lines representing nine atomic species. Spectra acquired at different times are used in averaging the line parameters for each line and observing position. Results. The relative variations in equivalent widths at the equator and at solar latitude ∼45◦ are found to be less than 1.5% for all spectral lines studied. Translated into elemental abundances as they would be measured from a terrestrial and a hypothetical pole-on observer, the difference is estimated to be within 0.005 dex in all cases. Conclusions. It is very unlikely that latitude effects could cause the reported abundance difference between the Sun and the solar twins. The accuracy obtainable in measurements of small differences in spectral line strengths between different solar disk positions is very high, and can be exploited in studies of, e.g. weak magnetic fields or effects of solar activity on atmospheric structure.
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31.
  • Lennerling, Annette, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Living organ donation practices in Europe - results from an online survey.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1432-2277. ; 26:2, s. 145-53
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In Europe, living organ donation (LOD) is increasingly accepted as a valuable solution to overcome the organ shortage. However, considerable differences exist between European countries regarding frequency, practices and acceptance of donor-recipient relations. As a response, the Coordination Action project 'Living Organ Donation in Europe' (www.eulod.eu), funded by the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Commission, was initiated. Transplant professionals from 331 European kidney and liver transplant centres were invited to complete an online survey on living kidney donation (LKD) and living liver donation (LLD). In total, 113 kidney transplant centres from 40 countries and 39 liver transplant centres from 24 countries responded. 96.5% and 71.8% performed LKD and LLD respectively. The content of the medical screening of donors was similar, but criteria for donor acceptance varied. Few absolute contraindications for donation existed. The reimbursement policies diverged and the majority of the donors did not get reimbursed for their income loss during recovery. Large discrepancies were found between geographical European regions (the Eastern, the Mediterranean and the North-Western). As a result of this survey we suggest several recommendations to improve quality and safety of LOD in Europe.
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32.
  • Lennerling, Annette, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Written information for potential living kidney donors.
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Transplant International. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 0934-0874 .- 1432-2277. ; 17:8, s. 449-52
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To meet the constantly growing demand for organs for transplantation the use of living related and unrelated donors continues to increase. Transplant units with a living-donor programme often provide written information to their potential kidney donors. We saw a need to assess the contents of these brochures. Written information for potential live kidney donors was requested from different Transplant units throughout the world. We obtained and analysed 16 different brochures from 14 countries. The general approach ranged from persuasive to almost deterring. Sixteen main themes were identified in the information material. Eight of those were considered paramount, namely voluntarism, medical suitability, short-term donor risks, long-term donor risks, risk of graft loss, outcome with and without a living donor, postoperative course, and financial conditions. Five brochures covered all these crucial matters. When mentioned, examples and interpretations of donor risks were very dissimilar. Furthermore, the conditions for donation were obviously very different in the various countries. This review points at essential issues to be included in the written information for living kidney donors. All transplant units with a living-donor programme should provide such information, thus enabling the potential donor to make a thorough decision. PMID: 15322746 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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33.
  • Leonhardt, Henrik, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Imaging evaluation of uterine arteries in potential living donors for uterus transplantation: a comparative study of MRA, CTA, and DSA.
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: European Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 32, s. 2360-2371
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aim: To evaluate uterine arteries (UA) of potential living donors for uterus transplantation (UTx) by comparison of CT angiography (CTA), digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and MR angiography (MRA) with care taken to minimize radiation doses. M&M: Prospective donors for a clinical UTx trial were included. CTA, DSA, and MRA measurements in three predefined segments of the UAs were evaluated. Radiation doses were estimated and 1-year graft survival was recorded. Results: Twelve potential donors (age 37-62years) were investigated. There was no difference in visualized average UA lumen diameter when comparing CTA (mean 2.0mm, SD 0.4), DSA (mean 2.1mm, SD 0.6), and MRA (mean 2.0mm, SD 0.3). MRA was not able to fully evaluate 10 (43%) out of 23 UA that proved to be patent on DSA. One UA was not identified by any of the modalities, and three MRA-absent UAs were identified by both CTA and DSA. The estimated mean effective dose was lower for DSA (5.1mSv, SD 2.8) than CTA (7.1mSv, SD 2.0), but not significantly (p value=0.06). Three potential donors were excluded due to UA pathology and one due to adenomyosis. Eight donors underwent hysterectomy, with 1-year graft survival in six women. Conclution: MRI including MRA should be the initial modality to examine potential UTx donors to acquire valuable details of uterine anatomy, and if UAs are fully visualized, there is no need for further angiographic methods with radiation. If UAs are not visualized by MRA, CTA may be performed and in selective cases with addition of the invasive modality DSA. Key points: • For uterine transplantation, pelvic MRI with MRA provides information of the uterine structure and of the diameters of uterine arteries in living donors. • Failure of MRA to demonstrate uterine arteries could be followed by CTA which will visualize the uterine arteries in a majority of cases. If MRA and additional CTA provide inconclusive results, the uterine arteries should be further evaluated by DSA. • Information of CTA can be used in the angio-system for DSA settings to minimize the radiation and contrast media doses.
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34.
  • Ormarsson, Sigurdur, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • A numerical study of the shape stability of sawn timber subjected to moisture variation : Part 2: Simulation of drying board
  • 1999
  • Ingår i: Wood Science and Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0043-7719 .- 1432-5225. ; 33:5, s. 407-423
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A theory for analysing the shape stability of sawn timber was implemented in a finite element program. To illustrate the types of results that can be obtained, the behaviour of a board during drying was simulated. The simulation yields information about unfavourable deformations and stresses during the drying process. To investigate factors that influence drying deformations, a parameter study was performed in which the influence of different constitutive models and different material parameters was studied. In addition, the influence of the spiral grain angle was examined.
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35.
  • Ormarsson, Sigurdur, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • A numerical study of the shape stability of sawn timber subjected to moisture variation : Part 3: Influence of annual ring orientation
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Wood Science and Technology. - : Springer. - 0043-7719 .- 1432-5225. ; 34:3, s. 207-219
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Numerical simulations were performed to investigate how the annual ring orientation affects the shape stability of sawn timber. The influence of radial variations in the basic properties and the spiral grain is also studied. The knowledge obtained can contribute to more effective use of the raw material through allowing boards having properties that would yield bad shape stability to be sorted out. Possibilities for improving shape stability through gluing pieces of wood together are examined as well.
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36.
  • Ormarsson, Sigurdur, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • A numerical study of the shape stability of sawn timber subjected to moisture variation : Part 1: Theory
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: Wood Science and Technology. - : Springer. - 0043-7719 .- 1432-5225. ; 32:5, s. 325-334
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A three-dimensional theory for the numerical simulation of deformations and stresses in wood during moisture variation is described. The constitutive model employed, assumes the total strain rate to be the sum of the elastic strain rate, the moisture-induced strain rate and the mechano-sorption strain rate. Wood is assumed to be an orthotropic material with large differences between the longitudinal, radial and tangential directions in the properties found. The influence of the growth rings, the spiral grain and the conical shape of the log on the orthotropic directions in the wood is taken account of in the model. A finite element formulation is used to describe the deformation process and the stress development during drying.
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37.
  • Valadi, Hadi, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • NADH-reductive stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae induces the expression of the minor isoform of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (TDH1)
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Current Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0172-8083 .- 1432-0983. ; 45:2, s. 90-95
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking the GPD2 gene, encoding one of the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, grows slowly under anaerobic conditions, due to reductive stress caused by the accumulation of cytoplasmic NADH. We used 2D-PAGE to study the effect on global protein expression of reductive stress in the anaerobically grown gpd2Delta strain. The most striking response was a strongly elevated expression of Tdh1p, the minor isoform of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. This increased expression could be reversed by the addition of acetoin, a NADH-specific redox sink, which furthermore largely restored anaerobic growth of the gpd2Delta strain. Additional deletion of the TDH1 gene (but not of TDH2 or TDH3) improved anaerobic growth of the gpd2Delta strain. We therefore propose that TDH1 has properties not displayed by the other TDH isogenes and that its expression is regulated by reductive stress caused by an excess of cytoplasmic NADH.
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38.
  • Wesström, Jan, 1963- (författare)
  • Safety of intravenous iron isomaltoside for iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0932-0067 .- 1432-0711. ; 301:5, s. 1127-1131
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety for mother and child of using intravenous iron isomaltoside (IV-IIM) during pregnancy.MethodsUsing an appointment register, we retrospectively identified all pregnant women who received a single dose of 1000 or 1500 mg IV-IIM in the maternity ward of Falu Hospital and subsequently gave birth between August 6, 2013 and July 31, 2018. Women who received IV-IIM (case group) were individually matched with pregnant women who did not receive IV-IIM (control group) by delivery date, maternal age (± 2 years), and parity. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs), demographic characteristics, hemoglobin and s-ferritin counts, pregnancy and delivery complications, and infant data (APGAR score, pH at umbilical artery, birthweight, birth length, intrauterine growth restriction and neonatal ward admission). Data were obtained from electronic patient charts. SPSS was used for descriptive statistics.ResultsDuring the 5-year period, 213 women each received a single administration of IV-IIM. Ten (4.7%) ADRs occurred during IV-IIM administration. All ADRs were mild hypersensitivity reactions, abated spontaneously within a few minutes, and did not recur on rechallenge. No association between IIM dose and ADR frequency was noted. Maternal and fetal outcomes, including hemoglobin counts at delivery and postpartum, were similar in the case and control groups.ConclusionThese results support the convenience, safety, and efficacy of a single high-dose (up to 1500 mg) infusion of IV-IIM for iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy.
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39.
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40.
  • Wretenberg, Per, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • Power and work produced in different leg muscle groups when rising from a chair
  • 1994
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. - New York, USA : Springer. - 0301-5548 .- 1432-1025. ; 68:5, s. 413-417
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to determine the power output and work done by different muscle groups at the hip and knee joints during a rising movement, to be able to tell the degree of activation of the muscle groups and the relationship between concentric and eccentric work. Nine healthy male subjects rose from a chair with the seat at knee level. The moments of force about the hip and knee joints were calculated semidynamically. The power output (P) and work in the different muscle groups surrounding the joints was calculated as moment of force times joint angular velocity. Work was calculated as: work = integral of P dt. The mean peak concentric power output was for the hip extensors 49.9 W, hip flexors 7.9 W and knee extensor 89.5 W. This power output corresponded to a net concentric work of 20.7 J, 1.0 J and 55.6 J, respectively. There was no concentric power output from the knee flexor muscles. Energy absorption through eccentric muscle action was produced by the hip extensors and hip flexors with a mean peak power output of 4.8 W and 7.4 W, respectively. It was concluded that during rising, the hip and knee muscles mainly worked concentrically and that the greatest power output and work were produced during concentric contraction of the knee and hip extensor muscles. There was however also a demand for eccentric work by the hip extensors as well as both concentric and eccentric work by the hip flexors. The knee flexor muscles were unloaded.
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41.
  • Wulff, Angela, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Ocean acidification and desalination: climate-driven change in a Baltic Sea summer microplanktonic community
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Marine Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0025-3162 .- 1432-1793. ; 165:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Helcom scenario modelling suggests that the Baltic Sea, one of the largest brackish-water bodies in the world, could expect increased precipitation (decreased salinity) and increased concentration of atmospheric CO2 over the next 100 years. These changes are expected to affect the microplanktonic food web, and thereby nutrient and carbon cycling, in a complex and possibly synergistic manner. In the Baltic Proper, the extensive summer blooms dominated by the filamentous cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon sp., Dolichospermum spp. and the toxic Nodularia spumigena contribute up to 30% of the yearly new nitrogen and carbon exported to the sediment. In a 12 days outdoor microcosm experiment, we tested the combined effects of decreased salinity (from 6 to 3) and elevated CO2 concentrations (380 and 960 µatm) on a natural summer microplanktonic community, focusing on diazotrophic filamentous cyanobacteria. Elevated pCO2 had no significant effects on the natural microplanktonic community except for higher biovolume of Dolichospermum spp. and lower biomass of heterotrophic bacteria. At the end of the experimental period, heterotrophic bacterial abundance was correlated to the biovolume of N. spumigena. Lower salinity significantly affected cyanobacteria together with biovolumes of dinoflagellates, diatoms, ciliates and heterotrophic bacteria, with higher biovolume of Dolichospermum spp. and lower biovolume of N. spumigena, dinoflagellates, diatoms, ciliates and heterotrophic bacteria in reduced salinity. Although the salinity effects on diatoms were apparent, they could not clearly be separated from the influence of inorganic nutrients. We found a clear diurnal cycle in photosynthetic activity and pH, but without significant treatment effects. The same diurnal pattern was also observed in situ (pCO2, pH). Thus, considering the Baltic Proper, we do not expect any dramatic effects of increased pCO2 in combination with decreased salinity on the microplanktonic food web. However, long-term effects of the experimental treatments need to be further studied, and indirect effects of the lower salinity treatments could not be ruled out. Our study adds one piece to the complicated puzzle to reveal the combined effects of increased pCO2 and reduced salinity levels on the Baltic microplanktonic community.
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42.
  • Zhang, Genkai, 1963 (författare)
  • Rankin–Cohen brackets, transvectants and covariant differential operators
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Mathematische Zeitschrift. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0025-5874 .- 1432-1823. ; 264:3, s. 513-519
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We give a geometric construction of the transvectant on a Hermitian symmetric space (which in the case of the unit disk is also called the Rankin–Cohen bracket) in terms of the covariant differentiation.
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43.
  • de Lange, Charlotte, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Hepatic magnetic resonance T1-mapping and extracellular volume fraction compared to shear-wave elastography in pediatric Fontan-associated liver disease
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Pediatric Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0301-0449 .- 1432-1998. ; 51:1, s. 66-76
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Children with Fontan circulation are at risk of developing hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis. Reliable noninvasive monitoring techniques are lacking or under development. Objective: To investigate surrogate indicators of hepatic fibrosis in adolescents with Fontan circulation by evaluating hepatic magnetic resonance (MR) T1 mapping and extracellular volume fraction measurements compared to US shear-wave elastography. Materials and methods: We analyzed hepatic native T1 times and extracellular volume fractions with modified Look-Locker inversion recovery. Liver stiffness was analyzed with shear-wave elastography. We compared results between 45 pediatric patients ages 16.7±0.6 years with Fontan circulation and 15 healthy controls ages 19.2±1.2 years. Measurements were correlated to clinical and hemodynamic data from cardiac catheterization. Results: MR mapping was successful in 35/45 patients, revealing higher hepatic T1 times (774±44 ms) than in controls (632±52 ms; P<0.001) and higher extracellular volume fractions (47.4±5.0%) than in controls (34.6±3.8%; P<0.001). Liver stiffness was 1.91±0.13 m/s in patients vs. 1.20±0.10 m/s in controls (P<0.001). Native T1 times correlated with central venous pressures (r=0.5, P=0.007). Native T1 was not correlated with elastography in patients (r=0.2, P=0.1) or controls (r = −0.3, P=0.3). Extracellular volume fraction was correlated with elastography in patients (r=0.5, P=0.005) but not in controls (r=0.2, P=0.6). Conclusion: Increased hepatic MR relaxometry and shear-wave elastography values in adolescents with Fontan circulation suggested the presence of hepatic fibrosis or congestion. Central venous pressure was related to T1 times. Changes were detected differently with MR relaxometry and elastography; thus, these techniques should not be used interchangeably in monitoring hepatic fibrosis.
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44.
  • Wikén Albertsson, Katarina, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of mouthrinses containing essential oils and alcohol-free chlorhexidine on human plaque acidogenicity.
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-3771 .- 1432-6981. ; 14:1, s. 107-12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the effect of two antimicrobial mouthrinses on dental plaque acidogenicity after a sucrose challenge. Twenty subjects, with a mean age of 59 years, participated in a double-blind intraindividual randomized study. Three mouthrinses were used in 16-day rinsing periods in addition to their regular mechanical oral hygiene: a solution with essential oils (EO), solution with alcohol-free chlorhexidine (CHX) and water (negative control). The three test periods were separated by 3-month washout periods. Changes in plaque acidogenicity were evaluated after a sucrose challenge at day 0 (baseline) and at day 17 of each mouthrinse period using the microtouch method. Both CHX and EO resulted at day 17 in statistically significant less attenuated pH falls compared to the water rinse. The CHX mouthrinse resulted in the least pronounced pH values compared with EO (ns) during the whole 30-min period. When calculated as area under the curve (AUC), significantly lower values (AUC(6.2) ) were found for CHX and EO at day 17 compared to day 0. A significant difference for AUC(6.2) between CHX and water was found at day 17. No statistically significant differences were found for any of the comparisons with AUC(5.7). The results from this study indicate that both the essential oils and the alcohol-free chlorhexidine reduced plaque acidogenicity after a sucrose challenge. Large interindividual variations were observed.
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45.
  • Adiels, Martin, 1976, et al. (författare)
  • Acute suppression of VLDL(1) secretion rate by insulin is associated with hepatic fat content and insulin resistance
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 50:11, s. 2356-2365
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Overproduction of VLDL(1) seems to be the central pathophysiological feature of the dyslipidaemia associated with type 2 diabetes. We explored the relationship between liver fat and suppression of VLDL(1) production by insulin in participants with a broad range of liver fat content. METHODS: A multicompartmental model was used to determine the kinetic parameters of apolipoprotein B and TG in VLDL(1) and VLDL(2) after a bolus of [(2)H(3)]leucine and [(2)H(5)]glycerol during a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp in 20 male participants: eight with type 2 diabetes and 12 control volunteers. The participants were divided into two groups with low or high liver fat. All participants with diabetes were in the high liver-fat group. RESULTS: The results showed a rapid drop in VLDL(1)-apolipoprotein B and -triacylglycerol secretion in participants with low liver fat during the insulin infusion. In contrast, participants with high liver fat showed no significant change in VLDL(1) secretion. The VLDL(1) suppression following insulin infusion correlated with the suppression of NEFA, and the ability of insulin to suppress the plasma NEFA was impaired in participants with high liver fat. A novel finding was an inverse response between VLDL(1) and VLDL(2) secretion in participants with low liver fat: VLDL(1) secretion decreased acutely after insulin infusion whereas VLDL(2) secretion increased. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Insulin downregulates VLDL(1) secretion and increases VLDL(2) secretion in participants with low liver fat but fails to suppress VLDL(1) secretion in participants with high liver fat, resulting in overproduction of VLDL(1). Thus, liver fat is associated with lack of VLDL(1) suppression in response to insulin.
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46.
  • Adiels, Martin, 1976, et al. (författare)
  • Overproduction of large VLDL particles is driven by increased liver fat content in man
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 49:4, s. 755-65
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We determined whether hepatic fat content and plasma adiponectin concentration regulate VLDL(1) production. METHODS: A multicompartment model was used to simultaneously determine the kinetic parameters of triglycerides (TGs) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in VLDL(1) and VLDL(2) after a bolus of [(2)H(3)]leucine and [(2)H(5)]glycerol in ten men with type 2 diabetes and in 18 non-diabetic men. Liver fat content was determined by proton spectroscopy and intra-abdominal fat content by MRI. RESULTS: Univariate regression analysis showed that liver fat content, intra-abdominal fat volume, plasma glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) correlated with VLDL(1) TG and ApoB production. However, only liver fat and plasma glucose were significant in multiple regression models, emphasising the critical role of substrate fluxes and lipid availability in the liver as the driving force for overproduction of VLDL(1) in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Despite negative correlations with fasting TG levels, liver fat content, and VLDL(1) TG and ApoB pool sizes, adiponectin was not linked to VLDL(1) TG or ApoB production and thus was not a predictor of VLDL(1) production. However, adiponectin correlated negatively with the removal rates of VLDL(1) TG and ApoB. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We propose that the metabolic effect of insulin resistance, partly mediated by depressed plasma adiponectin levels, increases fatty acid flux from adipose tissue to the liver and induces the accumulation of fat in the liver. Elevated plasma glucose can further increase hepatic fat content through multiple pathways, resulting in overproduction of VLDL(1) particles and leading to the characteristic dyslipidaemia associated with type 2 diabetes.
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47.
  • Akiyama, Kazunori, et al. (författare)
  • The persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of M 87: I. Observations, calibration, imaging, and analysis*
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 681
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In April 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration reported the first-ever event-horizon-scale images of a black hole, resolving the central compact radio source in the giant elliptical galaxy M 87. These images reveal a ring with a southerly brightness distribution and a diameter of ∼42 μas, consistent with the predicted size and shape of a shadow produced by the gravitationally lensed emission around a supermassive black hole. These results were obtained as part of the April 2017 EHT observation campaign, using a global very long baseline interferometric radio array operating at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. Here, we present results based on the second EHT observing campaign, taking place in April 2018 with an improved array, wider frequency coverage, and increased bandwidth. In particular, the additional baselines provided by the Greenland telescope improved the coverage of the array. Multiyear EHT observations provide independent snapshots of the horizon-scale emission, allowing us to confirm the persistence, size, and shape of the black hole shadow, and constrain the intrinsic structural variability of the accretion flow. We have confirmed the presence of an asymmetric ring structure, brighter in the southwest, with a median diameter of 43.3-3.1+1.5 μas. The diameter of the 2018 ring is remarkably consistent with the diameter obtained from the previous 2017 observations. On the other hand, the position angle of the brightness asymmetry in 2018 is shifted by about 30 relative to 2017. The perennial persistence of the ring and its diameter robustly support the interpretation that the ring is formed by lensed emission surrounding a Kerr black hole with a mass ∼6.5× 109M. The significant change in the ring brightness asymmetry implies a spin axis that is more consistent with the position angle of the large-scale jet.
  •  
48.
  • Al-Handal, Adil Y, 1952, et al. (författare)
  • Observations on diatoms inhabiting natural and artificial substrates in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, the Arctic
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Polar Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0722-4060 .- 1432-2056. ; 39:11, s. 1913-1932
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The most dramatic effects of global climate change are predicted for the Arctic, and there is a raising concern about the lack of baseline information on microalgal biodiversity. The present study was motivated by the general lack of information on species distribution of Arctic benthic diatoms and particularly studies providing photographs to facilitate morphological species identification. Diatoms were studied in samples collected from Ny lesund, Spitsbergen, Svalbard, during summer 2006 and spring 2008. Two types of samples were examined: diatoms scraped from ceramic tiles, immersed at 0.5 m depth (2006), and diatoms extracted from surface sediment, collected at 0.5 to 3 m depth (2008). A total number of 75 taxa belonging to 45 genera were encountered. Sixty-eight species were found in the sediment samples and 48 on the ceramic tiles, of which 41 species were found on both substrata. Common species of the tile assemblages were Fragilariopsis spp., Licmophora spp., Odontella aurita, Synedropsis hyperborea and Trachyneis aspera, while Thalassiosira spp., Diploneis spp. and Navicula spp. were common in the sediment samples. Twenty-five percent of the observed diatom species belonged to freshwater taxa brought to the fjord from surrounding meltwater and river discharges. ELMANN A, 1992, DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART A-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS, V39, PS525
  •  
49.
  • Albinsson, Sofie, 1992, et al. (författare)
  • Patient-Reported Dysphagia in Adults with Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Translation and Validation of the Swedish Eosinophilic Esophagitis Activity Index
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Dysphagia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0179-051X .- 1432-0460. ; 37, s. 286-296
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The lack of a Swedish patient-reported outcome instrument for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has limited the assessment of the disease. The aims of the study were to translate and validate the Eosinophilic Esophagitis Activity Index (EEsAI) to Swedish and to assess the symptom severity of patients with EoE compared to a nondysphagia control group. The EEsAI was translated and adapted to a Swedish cultural context (S-EEsAI) based on international guidelines. The S-EEsAI was validated using adult Swedish patients with EoE (n = 97) and an age- and sex-matched nondysphagia control group (n = 97). All participants completed the S-EEsAI, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Oesophageal Module 18 (EORTC QLQ-OES18), and supplementary questions regarding feasibility and demographics. Reliability and validity of the S-EEsAI were evaluated by Cronbach's alpha and Spearman correlation coefficients between the domains of the S-EEsAI and the EORTC QLQ-OES18. A test-retest analysis of 29 patients was evaluated through intraclass correlation coefficients. The S-EEsAI had sufficient reliability with Cronbach's alpha values of 0.83 and 0.85 for the "visual dysphagia question" and the "avoidance, modification and slow eating score" domains, respectively. The test-retest reliability was sufficient, with good to excellent intraclass correlation coefficients (0.60-0.89). The S-EEsAI domains showed moderate correlation to 6/10 EORTC QLQ-OES18 domains, indicating adequate validity. The patient S-EEsAI results differed significantly from those of the nondysphagia controls (p < 0.001). The S-EEsAI appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for monitoring adult patients with EoE in Sweden.
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50.
  • Amrutkar, Manoj, et al. (författare)
  • Protein kinase STK25 controls lipid partitioning in hepatocytes and correlates with liver fat content in humans
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 59:2, s. 341-353
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims/hypothesis Type 2 diabetes is closely associated with pathological lipid accumulation in the liver, which is suggested to actively contribute to the development of insulin resistance. We recently identified serine/threonine protein kinase 25 (STK25) as a regulator of liver steatosis, whole-body glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in a mouse model system. The aim of this study was to assess the role of STK25 in the control of lipid metabolism in human liver. Methods Intracellular fat deposition, lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity were studied in immortalised human hepatocytes (IHHs) and HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells in which STK25 was overexpressed or knocked down by small interfering RNA. The association between STK25 mRNA expression in human liver biopsies and hepatic fat content was analysed. Results Overexpression of STK25 in IHH and HepG2 cells enhanced lipid deposition by suppressing beta-oxidation and triacylglycerol (TAG) secretion, while increasing lipid synthesis. Conversely, knockdown of STK25 attenuated lipid accumulation by stimulating beta-oxidation and TAG secretion, while inhibiting lipid synthesis. Furthermore, TAG hydrolase activity was repressed in hepatocytes overexpressing STK25 and reciprocally increased in cells with STK25 knockdown. Insulin sensitivity was reduced in STK25-overexpressing cells and enhanced in STK25-deficient hepatocytes. We also found a statistically significant positive correlation between STK25 mRNA expression in human liver biopsies and hepatic fat content. Conclusions/interpretation Our data suggest that STK25 regulates lipid partitioning in human liver cells by controlling TAG synthesis as well as lipolytic activity and thereby NEFA release from lipid droplets for beta-oxidation and TAG secretion. Our findings highlight STK25 as a potential drug target for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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