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1.	Abrahamsson, Helene, et al. (author) Treatment of temporomandibular joint luxation : a systematic literature review 2020 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 24:1, s. 61-70 Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical and nonsurgical treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) luxation.Materials and methods: This systematic literature review searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to identify randomized controlled trials on TMJ luxation treatment published between the inception of each database and 26 March 2018.Results: Two authors assessed 113 unique abstracts according to the inclusion criteria and read nine articles in full text. Eight articles comprising 338 patients met the inclusion criteria, but none of these evaluated surgical techniques. Three studies including 185 patients concerned acute treatment with manual reduction of luxation while five studies including 153 patients evaluated minimally invasive methods with injection of autologous blood or dextrose prolotherapy for recurrent TMJ luxation. These studies reported that mouth opening after treatment was reduced and that independent of type of injection, recurrences of TMJ luxation were rare in most patients.Conclusions: In the absence of randomized studies on surgical techniques, autologous blood injection in the superior joint space and pericapsular tissues with intermaxillary fixation seems to be the treatment for recurrent TMJ luxation that at present has the best scientific support. Well-designed studies on surgical techniques with sufficient numbers of patients, long-term follow-ups, and patient experience assessment are needed for selection of the optimal surgical treatment methods.Clinical relevance: Autologous blood injection combined with intermaxillary fixation can be recommended for patients with recurrence of TMJ luxation.
2.	Ahlgren, Camilla, et al. (author) Contact allergies to potential allergens in patients with oral lichen lesions 2014 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 18:1, s. 227-237 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The aim of the present controlled study was to investigate a possible relationship between contact allergies to potential allergens and oral lichen lesions. Eighty-three patients with oral lichen lesions (OLL) and control groups of age- and gender-matched dermatitis patients (DP, n = 83) and patch-tested dermatitis patients randomly selected from files (PSFF, n = 319) were included in the study. OLL and DP groups were patch-tested epicutaneously and examined intraorally. The frequencies of contact allergy to mercury and carvone were statistically higher in the OLL group than in the DP group. Surfaces of amalgam and composite restorations were statistically more frequent in the OLL group compared to the DP group. Contact allergy to nickel and colophony, the latter with a statistically significant difference, was more common in the DP group. The numerical difference found for nickel allergy was, however, not significant comparing the OLL and PSFF groups. Contact allergy to mercury was overrepresented in patients with OLL and has been reported in previous studies, but the present finding of an overrepresentation of contact allergy to carvone in patients with oral lichen lesions has not been reported previously. Carvone, in addition to mercury and gold, as previously suggested, can be one of the causative or maintenant factors for oral lichen lesions. Carvone-hypersensitive patients with oral lichen lesions should therefore avoid carvone-containing products for oral use.
3.	Ahlgren, Camilla, et al. (author) The necessity of a test reading after 1 week to detect late positive patch test reactions in patients with oral lichen lesions 2014 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 18:5, s. 1525-1531 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Establishing the clinical relevance of contact allergy to dental materials in patients with oral lichen lesions (OLL) may be difficult, and tests are often read only on day 3 or day 4; also, concentration of the tested allergens may vary. Several studies on dermatitis patients have shown that additional positive patch test reactions can be found after day 4. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyse the frequency of late positive reactions to potential allergens in patients with OLL. Eighty-three of 96 consecutive patients with biopsy-verified OLL were patch-tested with a recently developed lichen series. The patches were removed after 48 h and reactions read 3 and 7 days after application. A total of 129 contact allergies were found, and 26 (20.2 %) of the allergic reactions in 23 patients were seen on day 7 only. The 25.2 % increase in positive test reactions with an additional reading on day 7 in addition to day 3 was statistically significant. Metals were the substances with the highest frequency of late positive reactions. Patients with OLL cannot be considered properly investigated with regard to contact allergy, unless the testing has been performed with mandatory readings on day 3 (or day 4) and day 7. Late patch test readings are crucial in order to elucidate the role of contact allergy to dental materials in the aetiology of OLL.
4.	Almståhl, Annica, 1973, et al. (author) Fermentation of sugars and sugar alcohols by plaque Lactobacillus strains 2013 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 17:6, s. 1465-1470 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objective The objective was to analyse the ability of Lactobacillus strains isolated from supragingival plaque of subjects with hyposalivation and from healthy controls to ferment sugars and sugar alcohols. Material and methods Fifty strains isolated from interproximal plaque from subjects with radiation-induced hyposalivation (25 strains), subjects with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (16 strains) and from subjects with normal salivary secretion rate (9 strains) were tested. Growth and pH were determined after 24 and 48 h of anaerobic incubation in vials containing basal media with 1 % of glucose, fructose, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol or xylitol. Results No differences between strains isolated from hyposalivated subjects and controls were detected. All strains lowered the pH to <5.0 from fructose and the majority of the strains from glucose and sucrose. A pH of <5.5 was seen for 52 % of the strains using mannitol, 50 % using sorbitol and 36 % using xylitol. The ability to produce acids from sugars and sugar alcohols was highest among strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei and lowest among Lactobacillus fermentum strains. Conclusion A large number of Lactobacillus strains are able to ferment not only sugars but also the sugar substitutes mannitol, sorbitol and xylitol to pH levels critical for enamel demineralisation. Clinical relevance Our findings suggest that products containing mannitol, sorbitol and/or xylitol may contribute to the acidogenic potential of the dental plaque and especially in hyposalivated subjects with high numbers of lactobacilli.
5.	Andersen, Ole Zoffmann, et al. (author) Determining primary stability for adhesively stabilized dental implants 2023 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 27, s. 3741-3748 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objectives: To examine factors influencing the primary stability of dental implants when stabilized in over-sized osteotomies using a calcium phosphate-based adhesive cement was the objective.Methods: Using implant removal torque measurements as a surrogate for primary stability, we examined the influence of implant design features (diameter, surface area, and thread design), along with cement gap size and curing time, on the resulting primary implant stability.Results: Removal torque values scaled with implant surface area and increasing implant diameters. Cement gap size did not alter the median removal torque values; however, larger gaps were associated with an increased spread of the measured values. Among the removal torque values measured, all were found to be above 32 Ncm which is an insertion torque threshold value commonly recommended for immediate loading protocols.Conclusion: The adhesive cement show potential for offering primary implant stability for different dental implant designs. In this study, the primary parameters influencing the measured removal torque values were the implant surface area and diameter. As the liquid cement prevents the use of insertion torque, considering the relationship between insertion and removal torque, removal torque can be considered a reliable surrogate for primary implant stability for bench and pre-clinical settings.
6.	Aroni, Mauricio Andres Tinajero, et al. (author) Loading deproteinized bovine bone with strontium enhances bone regeneration in rat calvarial critical size defects. 2019 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 23:4, s. 1605-1614 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of grafting with strontium (Sr)-loaded deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) on bone healing in calvarial critical size defects (CSD) in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two circular bone defects (5 mm in diameter) were created in the calvaria of 42 rats. One of the defects, randomly chosen, was grafted with (a) DBB, (b) DBB loaded with 19.6 mug/g of Sr (DBB/Sr1), or (c) DBB loaded with 98.1 mug/g of Sr (DBB/Sr2). The other defect was left empty as negative control. Groups of seven animals from each of the groups were euthanized 15 and 60 days post-op. Bone healing in the CSD was evaluated by micro-CT and histology/histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: DBB/Sr2-grafted sites showed statistically significantly shorter radiographic residual defect length compared with DBB/Sr1- and DBB-grafted sites, and with empty controls at 60 days. Further, the amount of new bone formation in the DBB/Sr1- and DBB/Sr2-grafted sites was significantly higher compared with that in the DBB-grafted sites at 60 days. A larger number of DBB/Sr1- and DBB/Sr2-grafted sites presented with no- or only limited to mild inflammation, compared with the DBB-grafted sites, especially at 60 days. Higher expression of osteocalcin was observed in DBB/Sr1- and DBB/Sr2-grafted sites as compared to DBB-grafted sites. CONCLUSION: Grafting with Sr-loaded DBB enhanced bone formation in CSD in rats, when compared with grafting with non-loaded DBB. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Grafting with Sr-loaded DBB may enhance bone formation in bone defects.
7.	Ayele, Sarah, et al. (author) Marginal bone loss around dental implants : comparison between diabetic and non-diabetic patients-a retrospective clinical study 2023 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 27:6, s. 2833-2841 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract ObjectivesThe aim of the present retrospective study was to compare the marginal bone loss (MBL) around dental implants in a group of diabetic patients in relation to a matched group of non-diabetic patients.Materials and methodsThe present dental record-based retrospective study included patients selected from individuals treated with dental implants at one specialist clinic in Malmo, Sweden. Patients were excluded if they had history of periodontitis and/or were treated for periodontal disease. The study group included 710 implants installed in 180 patients (mean age 60.3 +/- 13.0 years), 349 implants in 90 diabetic (21 T1DM and 69 T2DM patients), and 361 implants in 90 non-diabetic patients.ResultsThe results suggested that jaw (greater MBL in the maxilla), diabetes (greater MBL for diabetic patients, and worse for T1DM patients), bruxism (greater MBL for bruxers), and smoking (greater MBL for smokers and former smokers) had a statistically significant influence on MBL over time.ConclusionsPatients with diabetes have an estimated greater MBL over time compared to non-diabetic patients. The difference was greater in patients with diabetes type 1 compared to patients with diabetes type 2. Bruxism, smoking, and implant location (maxilla) were also associated with a higher loss of marginal bone around implants over time.
8.	Bakke, Merete, et al. (author) Modified condylotomy versus conventional conservative treatment in painful reciprocal clicking-a preliminary prospective study in eight patients 2008 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 12:4, s. 353-359 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Modified condylotomy may be relevant in severe painful reciprocal clicking of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) where conservative treatment is insufficient. The effect of the modified condylotomy was analyzed and compared with conventional nonsurgical treatment in a randomized pilot study of eight patients, 19-44 years of age, with severe painful reciprocal clicking. Before and after treatment, assessments were performed by subjective reports, clinical recordings, and blinded evaluations of radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Based on the clinical evaluations before treatment, all conditions were disc displacements with reduction and arthralgia (Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders), but based on MRI, one patient had disc displacement without reduction and another had normal disc position. The treatment effect was significantly better and the disorders were significantly more reduced with condylotomy than with conventional nonsurgical treatment (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test). In the surgical group, the clicking and locking had disappeared, the pain during function was significantly reduced (P < 0.05, Friedman ANOVA), and in two patients the disc position was normalized. The clicking still persisted in the nonsurgical patients and the disc position was unchanged. Our conclusion is that modified condylotomy is a promising option to reduce symptoms and signs in severe painful reciprocal clicking.
9.	Baksi, BG, et al. (author) LCD and CRT display of storage phosphor plate and limited cone beam computed tomography images for the evaluation of root canal fillings 2009 In: Clinical oral investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 13:1, s. 37-42 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The aim was to compare quality of liquid crystal display (LCD) and high resolution cathode ray tube (CRT) screens for the evaluation of length and homogeneity of root canal fillings in storage phosphor plate (SPP) and limited cone beam computed tomography (LCBCT) images. Endodontic treatment was performed to 17 extracted permanent lower incisor teeth. Images of each tooth positioned in a dried mandible were obtained with Digora® SPP and Accu-I-Tomo LCBCT systems. Six observers scored the quality of all images on CRT and LCD screens. Results were compared using McNemar’s and Cochran’s Q tests (p <0.05). The differences among the LCBCT and SPP images were determined by binomial test. No significant difference was found between ratings of CRT and LCD displays (p>0.05). Agreement among observers’ scores was higher with CRT display. Within the limits of this ex vivo study, differences between LCD and CRT monitors for the evaluation of root canal fillings are clinically insignificant independent on whether conventional radiographs, captured by means of image plates, or cone beam images are being displayed.
10.	Bartzela, Theodosia, et al. (author) A longitudinal three-center study of craniofacial morphology at 6 and 12 years of age in patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate. 2012 In: Clinical oral investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-3771 .- 1432-6981. ; 16:4, s. 1313-24 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In this longitudinal study, the craniofacial morphology and evaluated soft tissue profile changes, at 6 and 12 years of age in patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (CBCLP) were compared. Lateral cephalograms from 148 patients with CBCLP, treated consecutively at three European cleft centers, Gothenburg (n (A) = 37), Nijmegen (n (B) = 26), and Oslo (n (C) = 85), were evaluated. Eighteen hard tissue and ten soft tissue landmarks were digitized. Paired t test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression models were applied for statistical analysis. ANOVA and Tukey-B, as a post hoc test, were used to evaluate the increments and compare centers. Hard and soft tissue data were superimposed using the generalized Procrustes analysis. For Nijmegen, the increments of the variables SNA, ANB, SN-NL, SN-ML, NL-ML, Snss, and Snpg were significantly different than the two other centers (p = 0.041 to <0.001). SNPg increments were significantly different between Nijmegen and Oslo (p = 0.002). The three cleft centers followed different treatment protocols, but the main differences in craniofacial morphology until 12 years of age were the growth pattern and the maxillary and upper incisor variables. Follow-up of these patients until facial growth has ceased, which may elucidate components for improving treatment outcome.
11.	Beck, Florian, et al. (author) Is MRI a viable alternative to CT/CBCT to identify the course of the inferior alveolar nerve in relation to the roots of the third molars? 2021 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 25, s. 3861-3871 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract ObjectivesTo assess the reliability of judging the spatial relation between the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and mandibular third molar (MTM) based on MRI or CT/CBCT images.MethodsAltogether, CT/CBCT and MRI images of 87 MTMs were examined twice by 3 examiners with different degrees of experience. The course of the IAN in relation to the MTM, the presence/absence of a direct contact between IAN and MTM, and the presence of accessory IAN were determined.ResultsThe IAN was in > 40% of the cases judged as inferior, while an interradicular position was diagnosed in < 5% of the cases. The overall agreement was good (κ = 0.72) and any disagreement between the imaging modalities was primarily among the adjacent regions, i.e., buccal/lingual/interradicular vs. inferior. CT/CBCT judgements presented a very good agreement for the inter- and intrarater comparison (κ > 0.80), while MRI judgements showed a slightly lower, but good agreement (κ = 0.74). A direct contact between IAN and MTM was diagnosed in about 65%, but in almost 20% a disagreement between the judgements based on MRI and CT/CBCT was present resulting in a moderate overall agreement (κ = 0.60). The agreement between the judgements based on MRI and CT/CBCT appeared independent of the examiner’s experience and accessory IAN were described in 10 cases in MRI compared to 3 cases in CT/CBCT images.ConclusionsA good inter- and intrarater agreement has been observed for the assessment of the spatial relation between the IAN and MTM based on MRI images. Further, MRI images might provide advantages in the detection of accessory IAN compared to CT/CBCT.Clinical relevanceMRI appears as viable alternative to CT/CBCT for preoperative assessment of the IAN in relation to the MTM.
12.	Bengtsson, Viveca Wallin, et al. (author) Periodontitis related to cardiovascular events and mortality : a long-time longitudinal study 2021 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 25:6, s. 4085-4095 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objective: The present study assessed if individuals ≥ 60 years of age with periodontitis are more likely to develop stroke or ischemic heart diseases, or at a higher risk of death for 17 years. Material and methods: At baseline individuals ≥ 60 received a dental examination including a panoramic radiograph. Periodontitis was defined as having ≥ 30% sites with ≥ 5-mm distance from the cementoenamel junction to the marginal bone level. Medical records were annually reviewed from 2001 to 2018. Findings from the medical records identifying an ICD-10 code of stroke and ischemic heart diseases or death were registered. Results: Associations between periodontitis and incidence of ischemic heart disease were found in this 17-year follow-up study in all individuals 60–93 years (HR: 1.5, CI: 1.1–2.1, p = 0.017), in women (HR: 2.1, CI: 1.3–3.4, p = 0.002), and in individuals 78–96 years (HR: 1.7, CI: 1.0–2.6, p = 0.033). Periodontitis was associated with mortality in all individuals (HR: 1.4, CI: 1.2–1.8, p = 0.002), specifically in men (HR: 1.5, CI: 1.1–1.9, p = 0.006) or in ages 60–72 years (HR: 2.2, CI: 1.5–3.2, p = 0.000). Periodontitis was more prevalent among men (OR: 1.8, CI: 1.3–2.4, p = 0.000). Conclusions: Individuals with periodontitis have an increased risk for future events of ischemic heart diseases and death. Clinical relevance: Improving periodontal health in older individuals may reduce overall mortality and ischemic heart diseases. Both dental and medical professionals should be aware of the associations and ultimately cooperate. © 2021, The Author(s).
13.	Bergdahl, Jan, et al. (author) Psychobiological personality dimensions in two environmental-illness patient groups 2005 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 9:4, s. 251-256 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychobiological personality dimensions in two subgroups of patients with environmental illness (EI). Fifty-nine patients, 34 women and 25 men (aged 32-69 years), were referred for symptoms allegedly caused by abnormal sensitivity to either dental fillings (DF; n=26) or electromagnetic fields (EMF; n=33). For the evaluation of personality, the Swedish 238-item version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was used. Compared with a control group, the EMF group scored higher on the temperament dimension Persistence. The DF group scored higher on the TCI subscales Harm Avoidance (fatigability and asthenia) and Self-Directedness (self-acceptance). Women scored higher than men did on the Novelty Seeking and Reward Dependence (RD) dimensions in the DF group and on RD in the control group, indicating an inherited gender difference. No differences were found between men and women in the EMF group. Our results indicate that the high level of persistence found in the EMF group and the high level of fatigability and asthenia in combination with high self-acceptance found in the DF group represent vulnerable personalities. No significant differences were found between the two patient groups, indicating that these groups are quite similar regarding personality. This vulnerability can be expressed as various mental and somatic symptoms, which can be interpreted as El symptoms by the affected individual.
14.	Berge, T. L L, et al. (author) Bisphenol A concentration in human saliva related to dental polymer-based fillings 2017 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 21:8, s. 2561-2568 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objectives: The aims of this study were to quantify salivary concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) and to assess if presence of dental composite fillings is associated with higher BPA levels in saliva. Materials and methods: Twenty individuals with six or more tooth surfaces filled with polymer-based dental materials (composite group) and 20 individuals without any polymer-based materials (control group) were included in the study. Saliva was collected in polypropylene tubes and stored at −80 °C before analysis. Concentration of free (unconjugated) and total bisphenol A was determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Values below limit of detection (0.1 ng/mL) were set to one-half of the limit of detection. Mann-Whitney U test (one sided; the Exact Tests Option in IBM-SPSS version 21) was used for the statistical analyses. Results: The concentration of BPA in saliva was very low. In the composite group, 8 of 20 samples had detectable concentrations of BPA. In the control group, 3 of 20 samples had detectable concentrations of BPA. Statistical analysis indicated that the concentration of unconjugated BPA was slightly higher in the composite group (p = 0.044) than in the control group. Conclusions: Presence of dental composites may be associated with slightly higher concentration of unconjugated BPA in saliva. However, additional studies using sensitive analytical methods are needed before firm conclusions can be drawn. Influence from other factors, like food intake and time of the day for saliva sampling, must be considered. Clinical relevance: The relative contribution of existing polymer-based dental fillings to total BPA exposure seems to be low.
15.	Bertl, Kristina, et al. (author) Bacterial colonisation during regular daily use of a power-driven water flosser and risk for cross-contamination. Can it be prevented? 2022 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 26, s. 1903-1913 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objective To assess whether bacterial colonisation in a power-driven water flosser can be prevented. Materials and methods Twenty-four patients undergoing supportive periodontal treatment used 2 power-driven water flossers [Sonicare AirFloss (SAF), AirFloss Ultra (SAFU)] for 12 weeks each as follows: (a) with bottled water (BW); (b) with BW and cleaning the device extra-orally twice per week with chlorhexidine gluconate or (c) essential-oil-based (EO) mouth-rinse; (d) with EO only. Water-jet samples were taken after 6 and 12 weeks with the used nozzle and after exchanging to a brand-new nozzle. After 12 weeks, all devices underwent an intensive cleaning procedure. Samples were analysed by PCR-based method for cariogenic and periodontal pathogens and culture for staphylococci, aerobe gram-negative bacteria, and Candida sp. Results Contamination of SAF/SAFU with Streptococcus mutans was found in > 95% of the samples; periodontal pathogens and aerobe gram-negative bacteria were detected in 19-56% of the samples, while Staphylococcus aureus and Candida sp. were identified only in few samples. Contamination rate was basically unaffected by time-point, device, or way of use. Further, exchanging the nozzle did not prevent transmission of a contaminated water-jet, but the intensive cleaning reduced most of the pathogens significantly, except of S. mutans. Conclusion Neither a specific way of use nor exchanging the nozzle prevented bacterial colonisation and transmission of biofilm components via the water-jet of SAF/SAFU.
16.	Bertl, Kristina, et al. (author) Does implantoplasty affect the failure strength of narrow and regular diameter implants? : A laboratory study 2021 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 25, s. 2203-2211 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract ObjectiveTo assess whether the impact of implantoplasty (IP) on the maximum implant failure strength depends on implant type/design, diameter, or material.MethodsFourteen implants each of different type/design [bone (BL) and tissue level (TL)], diameter [narrow (3.3 mm) and regular (4.1 mm)], and material [titanium grade IV (Ti) and titanium-zirconium alloy (TiZr)] of one company were used. Half of the implants were subjected to IP in a computerized torn. All implants were subjected to dynamic loading prior to loading until failure to simulate regular mastication. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed with maximum implant failure strength as dependent variable and IP, implant type/design, diameter, and material as predictors.ResultsImplants subjected to IP and TL implants showed statistically significant reduced implant failure strength irrespective of the diameter compared with implants without IP and BL implants, respectively. Implant material had a significant impact for TL implants and for regular diameter implants, with TiZr being stronger than Ti. During dynamic loading, 1 narrow Ti TL implant without IP, 4 narrow Ti TL implants subjected to IP, and 1 narrow TiZr TL implant subjected to IP were fractured.ConclusionIP significantly reduced the maximum implant failure strength, irrespective implant type/design, diameter, or mate- rial, but the maximum implant failure strength of regular diameter implants and of narrow BL implants remained high.Clinical RelevanceIP seems to have no clinically relevant impact on the majority of cases, except from those of single narrow Ti TL implants, which may have an increased risk for mechanical complications. This should be considered for peri-implantitis treatment planning (e.g., communication of potential complications to the patient), but also in the planning of implant installation (e.g., choosing TiZr instead of Ti for narrow implants).
17.	Bertl, Kristina, et al. (author) Including dental professionals in the multidisciplinary treatment team of head and neck cancer patients improves long-term oral health status 2022 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 26, s. 2937-2948 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract ObjectiveTo assess in a cross-sectional study the impact of including dental professionals in the multidisciplinary treatment team of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients on the long-term oral health status.Materials and methodsOral health status, dental care behaviours, and oral health-related quality of life were assessed based on a clinical and radiographic examination, interview, and medical records in patients treated for HNSCC ≥ 6 months ago. This patient group (‘cohort 2’) was treated in a multidisciplinary treatment team including dental professionals and compared to a group of HNSCC patients previously treated at the same university, but without dental professionals included in the multidisciplinary treatment team (‘cohort 1’).ResultsCohort 2 consisted of 34 patients, who had received a dental check-up and if necessary, treatment by dental profes- sionals prior to the initiation of cancer treatment. This cohort showed significantly improved oral hygiene habits and a better periodontal health status compared to cohort 1. However, cohort 2 still presented high demand for treatment due to active carious lesions; only a few, statistically insignificant improvements were detected compared to cohort 1.ConclusionIncluding dental professionals in the multidisciplinary treatment team of HNSCC patients has a positive impact on patient oral health status — primarily in terms of periodontal disease — 6 months and longer after finishing cancer therapy.Clinical relevanceA team-based approach including dental professionals specialised in head and neck cancer improves oral health status.
18.	Bertl, Kristina, et al. (author) Micro-CT evaluation of the cortical bone micro-architecture in the anterior and posterior maxilla and the maxillary sinus floor 2019 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 23, s. 1453-1459 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objectives: To perform a within-subject comparison of the cortical bone micro-architecture of the maxillary sinus floor (MSF) to that of the buccal aspect of the anterior and posterior maxilla. Methods: Micro-CT scans of the buccal aspect of the anterior and posterior maxilla and of the MSF in 14 human anatomical specimens were recorded. Within-subject comparisons were performed for cortical thickness (Ct.Th) and porosity (Ct.Po), average pore volume (AvgPo.V), and pore density (Po.Dn). Results: The MSF presented the lowest and the anterior maxilla the highest Ct.Th, while Ct.Po was significantly higher at the MSF compared to the posterior maxilla (p = 0.021). No relevant differences were recorded for AvgPo.V and Po.Dn among regions (p > 0.067). Further, an increased Ct.Th at the MSF was significantly associated with a lower Po.Dn, while a higher Ct.Th and an increased AvgPo.V in the anterior maxilla were associated with a higher Ct.Th and an increased AvgPo.V, respectively, in the posterior maxilla and MSF. Finally, within each region, the AvgPo.V was associated positively with Ct.Po and negatively with Po.Dn. Conclusions: The cortical bone of the MSF is slightly less thick and slightly more porous compared to the cortical bone at the buccal aspect of the anterior and posterior maxilla. Clinical relevance: During lateral and vertical bone augmentation procedures, the cortical recipient bone is perforated several times to open the bone marrow compartment to facilitate provision of osteoinductive cells and molecules in the augmented space. Whether it is meaningful to approach the MSF in a similar way during MSF augmentation procedures or whether the slightly more porous structure of the MSF observed herein reduces the cortical barrier function already sufficiently has to be assessed in future clinical trials.
19.	Bertl, Kristina, et al. (author) Oral health status and dental care behaviours of head and neck cancer patients : a cross-sectional study in an Austrian tertiary hospital 2016 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 20:6, s. 1317-1327 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the oral health status and dental care behaviours of patients treated for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in an Austrian tertiary hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dental care behaviours, oral hygiene level, caries, and periodontal parameters were assessed in 48 patients treated for HNSCC >6 months ago. RESULTS: Only 52 % requested a dental check-up after HNSCC diagnosis and prior to treatment, and of those, 80 % received some type of dental treatment. At time-point of clinical examination, 69 % of the patients had consulted a dentist within the last year, but 88 % still needed dental treatment; 75 % had at least one tooth with caries and 78 % had moderate to severe periodontitis. CONCLUSION: Although it was recommended, only half of the patients did consult a dentist prior to HNSCC treatment and oral health appeared, in general, low prioritized. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: About 90 % of the current group of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cancer patients presented large treatment needs, both in regard with caries and periodontal disease, about 20 months after cancer treatment.
20.	Bertl, Kristina, et al. (author) Repeated local delivery of hyaluronic acid gel as adjunctive treatment of residual pockets in periodontitis patients undergoing supportive periodontal care. A randomized controlled clinical trial 2024 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 28:2 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objectives To assess the effect of hyaluronic acid (HyA) application as adjunct to re-instrumentation of residual pockets in patients undergoing regular supportive periodontal care (SPC). Methods Chronic periodontitis patients (stage III and IV, grade B and C) with 4 interproximal residual pockets were randomly assigned to the test (HyA gel) or control (saline) group. After subgingival instrumentation, test or control substance was applied subgingivally, then daily supragingivally for 3 months, and if required a second time after subgingival re-instrumentation after 3 months. Clinical and patient reported outcome parameters were recorded every 3 months for 12 months. Pocket closure [probing pocket depth (PPD) <= 4mm with absence of bleeding on probing (BoP) at PPD = 4mm] was the main outcome parameter. Results Fifty-six patients (221 experimental sites) were analysed. Pocket closure was achieved in 56.8 and 46.6% of the experimental sites in the test and control group, respectively (p > 0.05), while median PPD and PPD distribution (< 5mm/5mm/ > 5mm) differed significantly between groups in favour of the test group, at 12 months. Further, significantly fewer sites in the HyA group required re-instrumentation at 3 months, and sites in the HyA group showed a tendency for lower odds to remain diseased compared to the control group (OR 0.48, 95%CI 0.22-1.06). The odds for a site to remain diseased after 12 months increased significantly in the presence of plaque (OR 7.94, 95%CI 4.12-15.28), but in general, decreased significantly over time (OR 0.48, 95%CI 0.28-0.81). Conclusion Re-instrumentation of residual pockets in SPC patients, per se, leads to a significant increase in pocket closure over time; this was impeded by poor plaque control. Repeated local application of HyA results in fewer sites requiring re-instrumentation and might slightly improve the rate of pocket closure. (clinicaltrials.gov registration nr. NCT04792541). Clinical relevance HyA gel is easy to apply, well accepted by patients, and may have some positive effect in terms of fewer sites requiring re-instrumentation at 3 months and higher pocket closure rate at 12 months.
21.	Bertl, Kristina, et al. (author) Soft tissue substitutes in non-root coverage procedures : a systematic review and meta-analysis 2017 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 21:2, s. 505-518 Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract Objectives The present systematic review compared the effec- tiveness of soft tissue substitutes (STSs) and autogenous free gingival grafts (FGGs) in non-root-coverage procedures to increase keratinized tissue (KT) width around teeth. Materials and methods Included studies fulfilled the follow- ing main eligibility criteria: (a) preclinical in vivo or human controlled trials using FGG as control, (b) non-root-coverage procedures, and (c) assessment of KT width. Meta-analysis was performed on the gain in KT width (primary outcome variable) and several secondary variables. Results Eight human trials with short observation time evalu- ating five different STSs were identified. FGG yielded consis- tently significantly (p < 0.001) larger increase in KT width irrespective whether the comparison regarded an acellular ma- trix or a tissue-engineered STS. Further, FGG yielded consis- tently ≥2 mm KT width postoperatively, while use of STS did not, in the few studies reporting on this outcome. On the other hand, STSs resulted in significantly better aesthetic outcomes and received greater patient preference (p < 0.001). Conclusions Based on relatively limited evidence, in non- root-coverage procedures, FGG (1) resulted consistently in significantly larger increase in KT width compared to STS and (2) yielded consistently ≥2 mm KT width postoperatively, while STSs did not. STSs yielded significantly better aesthetic outcomes, received greater patient preference, and appeared safe. Clinical relevance Larger and more predictable increase in KT width is achieved with FGG, but STSs may be considered when aesthetics is important. Clinical studies reporting rele- vant posttreatment outcomes, e.g., postop KT width ≥2 mm, on the long-term (>6 months) are warranted.
22.	Bertl, Michael Hans, et al. (author) Impacted and transmigrated mandibular canines : an analysis of 3D radiographic imaging data 2018 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 22:6, s. 2389-2399 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract OBJECTIVES: Impacted and transmigrated mandibular canines differ greatly in incidence, etiopathology, associated anomalies, and treatment prospects, when compared to their maxillary counterparts. The aim of this study was to provide a detailed analysis of 3D radiographic imaging data of impacted mandibular canines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective cross-sectional study, CT/CBCT data of 88 patients with a total of 94 impacted mandibular canines were analysed. Evaluated parameters included location, morphology, neighbouring structures, associated anomalies, the influence of those factors on mandibular canine transmigration, as well as applied treatment. RESULTS: Transmigration was found to occur in 40.4% of impacted mandibular canines. Transmigrated canines were located significantly more basally and horizontally angulated. Further, transmigration was significantly associated with a lack of contact to adjacent teeth and the canine's apex not contacting the mandibular cortical bone. The overall incidence of root resorptions of adjacent teeth related to impacted mandibular canines was 7.3% and was more likely, if the canine was lingually impacted. While about half of the non-transmigrated impacted canines were orthodontically aligned, half of the transmigrated canines were surgically removed. Monitoring was the second most applied treatment strategy for both groups, and no canines were autotransplantated. CONCLUSIONS: Root resorption of adjacent teeth and transmigration are commonly occurring phenomena related to impacted mandibular canines. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Treatment often entails the surgical removal of the canine-especially in cases of transmigration. The findings emphasise the importance of early diagnosis and CT/CBCT imaging for further diagnostics and future research of impacted mandibular canines.
23.	Bertl, Michael Hans, et al. (author) Reply to: letter to the editor about the article published in Clinical Oral Investigations tilted: impacted and transmigrated mandibular canines: an analysis of 3D radiographic imaging data (Bertl MH, Frey C, Bertl K, Giannis K, Gahleitner A, Strbac GD (2018) Clin Oral Investig, doi: 10.1007/s00784-018-2342-0 2018 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 22:8, s. 2959-2959 Journal article (other academic/artistic)
24.	Bieri, Regina Alessandri, et al. (author) Gingival fluid cytokine expression and subgingival bacterial counts during pregnancy and postpartum : a case series. 2013 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 17:1, s. 19-28 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess gingival fluid (GCF) cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, subgingival bacteria, and clinical periodontal conditions during a normal pregnancy to postpartum.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subgingival bacterial samples were analyzed with the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method. GCF samples were assessed with real-time PCR including five proinflammatory cytokines and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor.RESULTS: Nineteen pregnant women with a mean age of 32 years (S.D. ± 4 years, range 26-42) participated in the study. Full-mouth bleeding scores (BOP) decreased from an average of 41.2% (S.D. ± 18.6%) at the 12th week of pregnancy to 26.6% (S.D. ± 14.4%) at the 4-6 weeks postpartum (p < 0.001). Between week 12 and 4-6 weeks postpartum, the mean probing pocket depth changed from 2.4 mm (S.D. ± 0.4) to 2.3 mm (S.D. ± 0.3) (p = 0.34). Higher counts of Eubacterium saburreum, Parvimonas micra, Selenomonas noxia, and Staphylococcus aureus were found at week 12 of pregnancy than at the 4-6 weeks postpartum examinations (p < 0.001). During and after pregnancy, statistically significant correlations between BOP scores and bacterial counts were observed. BOP scores and GCF levels of selected cytokines were not related to each other and no differences in GCF levels of the cytokines were observed between samples from the 12th week of pregnancy to 4-6 weeks postpartum. Decreasing postpartum counts of Porphyromonas endodontalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were associated with decreasing levels of Il-8 and Il-1β.CONCLUSIONS: BOP decreased after pregnancy without any active periodontal therapy. Associations between bacterial counts and cytokine levels varied greatly in pregnant women with gingivitis and a normal pregnancy outcome. Postpartum associations between GCF cytokines and bacterial counts were more consistent.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Combined assessments of gingival fluid cytokines and subgingival bacteria may provide important information on host response.
25.	Brochner, A, et al. (author) Treatment of post-orthodontic white spot lesions with casein phosphopeptide-stabilised amorphous calcium phosphate 2011 In: Clinical oral investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-3771 .- 1432-6981. ; 15:3, s. 369-373 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
26.	Brotto, Davide, et al. (author) Salivary glands abnormalities in oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum 2018 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - Berlin, Germany : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 22:1, s. 395-400 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Feeding and swallowing impairment are present in up to 80% of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) patients. Salivary gland abnormalities have been reported in OAVS patients but their rate, features, and relationship with phenotype severity have yet to be defined.Material and methods: Parotid and submandibular salivary gland hypo/aplasia was evaluated on head MRI of 25 OAVS patients (16 with severe phenotype, Goldenhar syndrome) and 11 controls.Results: All controls disclosed normal salivary glands. Abnormal parotid glands were found exclusively ipsilateral to facial microsomia in 21/25 OAVS patients (84%, aplasia in six patients) and showed no association with phenotype severity (14/16 patients with Goldenhar phenotype vs 7/9 patients with milder phenotype, p = 0.6). Submandibular salivary gland hypoplasia was detected in six OAVS patients, all with concomitant ipsilateral severe involvement of the parotid gland (p < 0.001). Submandibular salivary gland hypoplasia was associated to Goldenhar phenotype (p < 0.05). Parotid gland abnormalities were associated with ipsilateral fifth (p < 0.001) and seventh cranial nerve (p = 0.001) abnormalities. No association was found between parotid gland anomaly and ipsilateral internal carotid artery, inner ear, brain, eye, or spine abnormalities (p > 0.6).Conclusions: Salivary gland abnormalities are strikingly common in OAVS. Their detection might help the management of OAVS-associated swallowing and feeding impairment.
27.	Böthun, Alicia, et al. (author) Whiplash trauma did not predict jaw pain after 2 years : an explorative study 2024 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer Nature. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 28 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objectives: To explore predictive factors for the development and maintenance of jaw pain over a 2-year period.Methods: One hundred nineteen cases (73 women) and 104 controls (59 women), mean age 34.9 years (SD 13.9), attended baseline and 2-year follow-up examinations. The whiplash cases visited the emergency department at Umeå University Hospital, Sweden, with neck pain within 72 h following a car accident, and baseline questionnaires were answered within a month after trauma. Controls were recruited via advertising. Inclusion criteria were age 18–70 years, living in Umeå municipality and Swedish speaking. The exclusion criterion was neck fracture for cases and a previous neck trauma for controls. Validated questionnaires recommended in the standardized Research Diagnostic Criteria for temporomandibular disorders were used. Jaw pain was assessed by two validated screening questions answered with “yes” or “no.” A logistic regression analysis was used to predict the outcome variable jaw pain (yes/no) after 2 years.Results: Whiplash trauma did not increase the odds of development of jaw pain over a 2-year period (OR 1.97, 95% CI 0.53–7.38). However, non-specific physical symptoms (OR 8.56, 95% CI 1.08–67.67) and female gender (OR 4.89, 95% CI 1.09–22.02) did increase the odds for jaw pain after 2 years.Conclusion: The development and maintenance of jaw pain after whiplash trauma are primarily not related to the trauma itself, but more associated with physical symptoms.Clinical relevance: The development of jaw pain in connection with a whiplash trauma needs to be seen in a biopsychosocial perspective, and early assessment is recommended.
28.	Caetano, Joao Pedro, et al. (author) Influence of malocclusion on sleep bruxism and orofacial pain : data from a study in school children 2024 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 28:2 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objectives This cross-sectional school-based study explored the influence of malocclusion on temporomandibular disorders (TMD) pain complaints, and whether this association would be mediated by sleep bruxism in a representative sample of 7- to 8-year-old children. Methods Path analysis estimated direct, indirect, and total effects of occlusal features on sleep bruxism and TMD pain in 7- to 8-year-old children. Occlusal features were assessed with Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), orofacial pain complaints using the TMD pain screener, possible sleep bruxism based on self-reports, and probable sleep bruxism based on self-reports combined with clinical findings. Structural equation modeling analyzed data with confounding factors. Results From 580 participants, possible sleep bruxism was observed in 136 children (31.5%), probable sleep bruxism in 30 children (6.7%), and TMD pain complaints in 78 children (13.8%). Malocclusion had no direct effect on either possible sleep bruxism [standardized coefficient (SC) 0.000; p = 0.992], or TMD pain complaints (SC - 0.01; p = 0.740). When probable sleep bruxism was set as the mediator of interest, malocclusion did not directly affect probable sleep bruxism (SC 0.01; p = 0.766), nor TMD pain complaints (SC - 0.02; p = 0.515). A direct effect of probable sleep bruxism on TMD pain complaints was observed with an SC of 0.60 (p < 0.001). However, in neither case, malocclusion indirectly affected TMD pain complaints via bruxism. Conclusion Malocclusion in 7- to 8-year-old children did not directly influence possible or probable sleep bruxism or TMD pain complaints. Instead, probable sleep bruxism was strongly associated with TMD pain complaints. Clinical significance The impact of occlusal features on TMD pain complaints and bruxism has been a long-standing controversy in dentistry. However, the scientific literature linking this association may be inconsistent, mainly due to biased sample selection methods with inadequate consideration of confounders. Further research should try to identify additional risk factors for TMD pain in addition to probable sleep bruxism in children.
29.	Cagar, E, et al. (author) Effect of chewing gums containing xylitol or probiotic bacteria on salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli 2007 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - Berlin : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 11:4, s. 425-429 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The aim was to evaluate the effect of xylitol and probiotic chewing gums on salivary mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB). The material consisted of 80 healthy young adults (21-24 years) who volunteered after informed consent. They were assigned by random into one of four parallel study groups: A, probiotic gum group; B, xylitol gum group; C, probiotic + xylitol gum group; and D, placebo gum group. The gums were taken three times daily after meals, and the intervention period was 3 weeks. The probiotic gums contained two strains of Lactobacilli reuteri (ATCC 55730 at a dose of 1 x 10(8) CFU/gum and ATCC PTA 5289 at a dose of 1 x 10(8) CFU/gum), and each pellet of the xylitol gum contained approximately 1.0 g xylitol as single sweetener. Pretreatment and posttreatment samples of stimulated whole saliva were collected and quantified for MS and LB with chair-side kits. A statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) of salivary MS was displayed in group A and B after the intervention when compared with baseline. A similar but nonsignificant tendency was seen in group C. No alterations of salivary LB was demonstrated in any group. In conclusion, daily chewing on gums containing probiotic bacteria or xylitol reduced the levels of salivary MS in a significant way. However, a combination of probiotic and xylitol gums did not seem to enhance this effect.
30.	Campus, G., et al. (author) Effect of a daily dose of Lactobacillus brevis CD2 lozenges in high caries risk schoolchildren 2014 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 18:2, s. 555-561 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed to validate the hypothesis that the use of lozenges containing Lactobacillus brevis CD2 (InersanA (R), CD Investments srl) may reduce plaque pH, salivary mutans streptococci (ms) and bleeding on probing, during a 6-week period, in a sample of high caries risk schoolchildren. A total of 191 children (aged 6-8 years), presenting two to three carious lesions and a salivary ms concentration of a parts per thousand yen10(5) CFU/ml, were enrolled and divided into two groups, an L. brevis CD2 lozenge group and a no L. brevis lozenge group, and examined at baseline (t(0)), after 3 weeks (t(1)), after 6 weeks of lozenge use (t(2)) and 2 weeks after the cessation of lozenge use (t(3)). Plaque pH was assessed using the microtouch technique following a sucrose challenge. The area under the curve (AUC(5.7) and AUC(6.2)) was recorded. Salivary ms were counted, and bleeding on probing was assessed. At t(0), the plaque-pH and ms concentration values were similar in both groups. Mean areas (AUC(5.7) and AUC(6.2)) were significantly greater in the control group at t(1), t(2) and t(3). L. brevis CD2 lozenges significantly reduced salivary ms concentrations and bleeding. The subjects from the test group showed a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.01) in salivary ms concentration. At t(2), a statistically significantly lower bleeding value was recorded in the test group compared with the control group (p = 0.02). Six weeks' use of lozenges containing L. brevis CD2 had a beneficial effect on some important variables related to oral health, including a reduction in plaque acidogenicity, salivary ms and bleeding on probing. (Trial Registration Number NCT01601145 08/21/2012).
31.	Campus, Guglielmo, et al. (author) Six months of high-dose xylitol in high-risk caries subjects-a 2-year randomised, clinical trial. 2013 In: Clinical oral investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-3771 .- 1432-6981. ; 17:3, s. 785-791 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract OBJECTIVES: The hypothesis was that the daily use of a high dose of a xylitol chewing gum for 6months would reduce the increment of decayed permanent first molar surfaces (ΔD(6)S) in high-risk schoolchildren after 2years. METHODS: In this randomised, clinical trial, 204 schoolchildren with a high caries risk were assigned to two experimental groups, xylitol and non-xylitol. Caries status, salivary mutans streptococci, and lactobacilli were re-evaluated 2years later in 74 xylitol-treated and 83 non-xylitol-treated schoolchildren. Differences in mean ∆D(6)S between groups registered at baseline and at follow-up were evaluated using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Outcome was the development of detectable carious lesions initial (D(1)-D(2)) and manifest (D(3)) in the permanent first molars. In the xylitol group, the difference in proportion of children with decayed first permanent molars at baseline and follow-up was 1.43% for manifest lesion and 2.86% for initial lesions; while in the non-xylitol group was 10.26% (p<0.01) and 16.66% (p<0.01), respectively. A statistically significant difference regarding means was also observed in the non-xylitol group: the ∆D(6)S for manifest lesion was 0.18 (p=0.03) and 0.67 (p=0.02) for initial lesion. CONCLUSION: The use of a chewing gum containing a high dose of xylitol for a period of 6months has been shown to produce a long-term effect on caries development in high caries-risk children. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A school-based preventive programme based on 6months' administration of a high dose of xylitol via chewing gum proved to be efficacious in controlling caries increment in high-risk children.
32.	Cederhag, Josefine, et al. (author) Radiographic imaging in relation to the mandibular third molar : a survey among oral surgeons in Sweden 2022 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 26, s. 2073-2083 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract OBJECTIVES: To query the experience of oral surgeons concerning referral routines and preferences for radiographic imaging modality before surgical removal of mandibular third molars and investigate factors that influence imaging modality preferences.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Members of the Swedish Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (n = 280) were invited to participate in a web-based digital survey concerning their experiences and use of three imaging modalities in pre-surgical assessment of mandibular third molar removal. The survey comprised multiple-choice questions and four cases depicted in images; respondents reported whether they would supplement the cases with other images and, if so, from which modality.RESULTS: The response rate was 64%. Panoramic radiographs were most commonly used in pre-surgical planning (response options: always or often), significant difference between professions (p = 0.039), and considered to facilitate treatment planning (87%), as was CBCT (82%); for 51%, CBCT reduced post-operative complications. Preferred modality for localizing the mandibular canal was fairly evenly distributed and for non-complex case, significant difference between subgroups of OMFS surgeons was found (p = 0.003) as to preference for intraoral radiographs.CONCLUSIONS: A majority of respondents received a report within 2 weeks of their referral for CBCT and would read the report and view the images before surgery. Image modality preference differed depending on case complexity, with a greater perceived need for CBCT. Profession and practical experience affected choice.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Choice of imaging modality in mandibular third molar assessment is also important from dose delivery and social economy standpoints.
33.	Celikten, B, et al. (author) Comparative evaluation of cone beam CT and micro-CT on blooming artifacts in human teeth filled with bioceramic sealers 2019 In: Clinical oral investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-3771 .- 1432-6981. ; 23:8, s. 3267-3273 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
34.	Cevik-Aras, Hulya, et al. (author) Patients with oral lichen planus display lower levels of salivary acidic glycoproteins than individuals without oral mucosal disease 2023 In: CLINICAL ORAL INVESTIGATIONS. - : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 28:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objectives: Salivary proteins, acidic glycoproteins, and free calcium might take part in oral mucosal defence against inflammation in oral lichen planus (OLP). The study aimed to investigate whether the levels of sulfated and sialylated glycoproteins, total protein, and free calcium in saliva from patients with OLP differ from those of individuals without oral mucosal diseases.Material and methods: Patients diagnosed with OLP (n = 25) and two control groups without any oral mucosal disease; age- and gender-matched controls (n = 25, 65.6 +/- 2.9 years), and younger controls (n = 25, 41.8 +/- 2.5 years) were included. Subjective dry mouth (xerostomia) was assessed by asking a single-item question. Chew-stimulated whole saliva was collected to measure sulfated and sialylated glycoproteins by the Alcian Blue method. The total protein was determined spectrophotometrically, and the free calcium measured using an electrode.Results: The output of salivary sulfated and sialylated glycoproteins in the OLP group (21.8 +/- 2.4 mu g/min) was lower than in the age- and gender-matched controls (43.0 +/- 2.9 mu g/min, p = 0.0002), whereas the total protein and calcium output did not differ between the three groups (p > 0.05). The prevalence of xerostomia was significantly higher in the OLP group compared to both control groups (p = 0.038).Conclusions: Patients with OLP showed a high prevalence of xerostomia and lower levels of salivary acidic type glycoproteins compared to the individuals without oral mucosa disease.
35.	Clozza, Emanuele, et al. (author) A novel three-dimensional analysis of standardized bone defects by means of confocal scanner and micro-computed tomography. 2014 In: Clinical oral investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-3771 .- 1432-6981. ; 18:4, s. 1245-1250 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The aim of the study was to introduce a novel three-dimensional (3D) method to quantify the relative amount of different tissue components in bone substitute-treated defects by means of integration of confocal laser imaging into micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis.
36.	Cocco, Fabio, et al. (author) The caries preventive effect of 1-year use of low-dose xylitol chewing gum. A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial in high-caries-risk adults. 2017 In: Clinical oral investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-3771 .- 1432-6981. ; 21:9, s. 2733-2740 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The caries preventive effect of long-term use (1year) of low-dosage (2.5g/die) of xylitol chewing gum in a high-caries-risk adult population was evaluated.In this randomized clinical trial, 179 high-caries-risk adults were assigned to two experimental groups, xylitol and polyols. Caries status, salivary mutans streptococci (MS), and plaque pH were re-evaluated after 2years from baseline in 66 xylitol and 64 polyol subjects. Outcomes (the net caries increment for initial, moderate, and extensive caries lesions and for the caries experience) were evaluated using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test.The total caries experience increment was 1.25±1.26 in the xylitol group and 1.80±2.33 in the polyol group (p=0.01). Subjects treated with xylitol chewing gums had a reduction of risk rate at tooth level of 23% with respect to those treated with polyols with a number needed to treat of 55 teeth. The area under the curve at pH 5.7 was statistically significantly lower (p=0.02) during the experimental period in the xylitol group. A decrease of the concentration of salivary MS was noted in the xylitol group (p<0.01).Subjects using the low-dose xylitol chewing gum showed a significantly lower increment of initial and extensive caries lesions and overall a lower increment of caries experience.One-year use of chewing gums provides an effective means for the prevention of caries disease.NCT02310308.
37.	Costa, YM, et al. (author) Reliability of the nociceptive blink reflex evoked by electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve in humans 2017 In: Clinical oral investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-3771 .- 1432-6981. ; 21:8, s. 2453-2463 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
38.	Criten, Sladjana, et al. (author) Oral health status among 60-year-old individuals born in 1941-1943 and 1954-1955 and 81-year-old individuals born in 1922-1924 and 1933-1934, respectively : a cross-sectional study 2022 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; :11, s. 6733-6742 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objective This study aimed to analyze the oral health status of four different birth cohorts: two cohorts of 60-year-olds born in 1941-1943 and 1954-1955 and 2 cohorts of 81-year-olds born in 1920-1922 and 1933-1934. Material and methods The study was based on data from an ongoing longitudinal population project, The Swedish National Study on Aging and Care (SNAC). Oral health status was repeatedly examined clinically and radiographically in 2001-2003 and 2014-2015, including 60- and 81-year-olds, in total 412 individuals. Statistical analyses were performed using independent-samples t test and Pearson's chi(2) test. Results More individuals were dentate in 2014-2015 compared to 2001-2003 in the two age groups: 60 and 81 years (p < 0.001 for both). The mean number of teeth increased in the 60-year-olds from 24.2 to 27.0 and in the 81-year-olds from 14.3 to 20.2. The numbers of at least one intact tooth increased for both age groups (p < 0.001 and p < 0.004, respectively). In the age groups 81 years, there was an increase in having at least one PPD >= 6 mm (p < 0.016) and bone loss >= 5 mm (p < 0.029) between the two examinations. No such differences were found in the age groups of 60 years. Conclusion Over 13 years, oral health improved for both 60- and 81-year-old age groups. The most significant changes were in the 81-year-olds where oral health had improved except for periodontal status.
39.	de Castro, JGK, et al. (author) A new cone-beam computed tomography-driven index for osteoporosis prediction 2020 In: Clinical oral investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-3771 .- 1432-6981. ; 24:9, s. 3193-3202 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
40.	do Canto, A. M., et al. (author) Immunohistochemical analysis of BRAF V600E mutation in ameloblastomas 2019 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 23:2, s. 779-784 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the presence of BRAF V600E mutation in mandible ameloblastomas by correlating clinical and imaging data on the cases studied.MethodsEighty-four cases diagnosed as mandibular ameloblastoma were selected for analysis. The specimens were submitted to immunohistochemistry for detection of BRAF V600E mutated protein. Clinical-pathological data such as age, gender, tumour size, mandibular location, radiographic aspects, histological type and sub-type, and tumour status were collected. The clinical-pathological parameters were categorised and analysed according to BRAF V600E detection.ResultsOf the 84 patients, 78.6% (66 cases) demonstrated positivity for anti-BRAF V600E antibody, whereas 18 were negative (21.4%). The correlation between BRAF expression and variables showed statistical significances for mandibular location (P=0.0353) and tumour size (P=0.008), whereas no statistical significance was observed for gender, age, radiographic aspect, histological pattern, histological sub-type and tumour status. Multivariate logistic regression revealed a significant risk for BRAF positivity in tumours with posterior mandibular location (OR=7.23, P=0.0451) and size >4cm (OR=7.29, P=0.0150).ConclusionBRAF V600E mutation is common in mandibular ameloblastomas, especially in cases of tumours larger than 4cm and in the posterior region of the mandible. In addition, this mutation can occur regardless of histological type of the tumour, age, gender, radiographic aspect and tumour status.Clinical significanceThe association between clinical-pathologic features and BRAF V600E mutation in ameloblastomas may provide directions for the treatment of this neoplasia. The use of BRAF inhibitors for targeted therapy could lead to an establishment of an alternative compared to the resective surgery.
41.	Domic, Danijel, et al. (author) Hyaluronic acid in tooth extraction : a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical and clinical trials 2023 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 27:12, s. 7209-7229 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objectives: To assess whether in animals or patients with ≥ 1 tooth extracted, hyaluronic acid (HyA) application results in superior healing and/or improved complication management compared to any other treatment or no treatment.Materials and methods: Three databases were searched until April 2022. The most relevant eligibility criteria were (1) local application of HyA as adjunct to tooth extraction or as treatment of alveolar osteitis, and (2) reporting of clinical, radiographic, histological, or patient-reported data. New bone formation and/or quality were considered main outcome parameters in preclinical studies, while pain, swelling, and trismus were defined as main outcome parameters in clinical studies.Results: Five preclinical and 22 clinical studies (1062 patients at final evaluation) were included. In preclinical trials, HyA was applied into the extraction socket. Although a positive effect of HyA was seen in all individual studies on bone formation, this effect was not confirmed by meta-analysis. In clinical studies, HyA was applied into the extraction socket or used as spray or mouthwash. HyA application after non-surgical extraction of normally erupted teeth may have a positive effect on soft tissue healing. Based on meta-analyses, HyA application after surgical removal of lower third molars (LM3) resulted in significant reduction in pain perception 7 days postoperatively compared to either no additional wound manipulation or the application of a placebo/carrier. Early post-operative pain, trismus, and extent of swelling were unaffected.Conclusions: HyA application may have a positive effect in pain reduction after LM3 removal, but not after extraction of normally erupted teeth.Clinical relevance: HyA application may have a positive effect in pain reduction after surgical LM3 removal, but it does not seem to have any impact on other complications or after extraction of normally erupted teeth. Furthermore, it seems not to reduce post-extraction alveolar ridge modeling, even though preclinical studies show enhanced bone formation.
42.	Engström, Kristina, et al. (author) Inhibition of enamel lesion formation by fluoridated milk assessed by laser fluorescence: an in vitro study. 2006 In: Clinical oral investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 10:3, s. 249-252 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fluoridated milk on enamel lesion formation as assessed by laser fluorescence (LF). The material consisted of 18 extracted premolar teeth that were cut in mesial-distal direction and pairwise assigned to either test or control samples in an experimental caries model. The teeth were exposed to a low-pH 5% cellulose gel for 4 h, 5 days per week immediately followed by a 4-h period in either fluoridated (5 ppm, test) or nonfluoridated milk (control). In the meantime, the specimens were stored in pooled human-stimulated whole saliva in room temperature. All teeth were examined by visual inspection with a magnifying glass and by LF readings (DIAGNOdent) at baseline and after 2 and 4 weeks. The baseline LF readings ranged from 3 to 7 with a mean value of 5.6+/-0.9. The mean values increased with time in both groups but the increase was more marked in the control teeth, 8.7+/-2.3 vs 12.8+/-3.3 after 4 weeks, this difference being statistically significant (p<0.01). The visual examination could not distinguish between the test or control samples after 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. The findings indicated that fluoride added to milk may to some extent counteract enamel lesion formation as assessed by LF in an experimental caries model.
43.	Erovic Ademovski, Seida, 1983-, et al. (author) The short-term treatment effects on the microbiota at the dorsum of the tongue in intra-oral halitosis patients : a randomized clinical trial 2013 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 17:2, s. 463-473 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objectives This study aims to assess the effects of rinsing with zinc- and chlorhexidine-containing mouth rinse with or without adjunct tongue scraping on volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in breath air, and the microbiota at the dorsum of the tongue. Material and methods A randomized single-masked controlled clinical trial with a cross-over study design over 14 days including 21 subjects was performed. Bacterial samples from the dorsum of the tongue were assayed by checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization. Results No halitosis (identified by VSC assessments) at day 14 was identified in 12/21 subjects with active rinse alone, in 10/21with adjunct use of tongue scraper, in 1/21 for negative control rinse alone, and in 3/21 in the control and tongue scraping sequence. At day 14, significantly lower counts were identified only in the active rinse sequence ( p < 0.001) for 15/78 species including , Fusobacterium sp., Porphyromonas gingivalis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus , and Tannerella forsythia . A decrease in bacteria from baseline to day 14 was found in successfully treated subjects for 9/74 species including: P. gingivalis , Prevotella melaninogenica , S. aureus , and Treponema denticola . Baseline VSC scores were correlated with several bacterial species. The use of a tongue scraper combined with active rinse did not change the levels of VSC compared to rinsing alone. Conclusions VSC scores were not associated with bacterial counts in samples taken from the dorsum of the tongue. The active rinse alone containing zinc and chlorhexidine had effects on intra-oral halitosis and reduced bacterial counts of species associated with malodor. Tongue scraping provided no beneficial effects on the microbiota studied. Clinical relevance Periodontally healthy subjects with intra-oral halitosis benefit from daily rinsing with zinc- and chlorhexidine-containing mouth rinse.
44.	Erovic Ademovski, Seida, et al. (author) The short-term treatment effects on the microbiota at the dorsum of the tongue in intra-oral halitosis patients-a randomized clinical trial. 2013 In: Clinical oral investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-3771 .- 1432-6981. ; 17:2, s. 463-473 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess the effects of rinsing with zinc- and chlorhexidine-containing mouth rinse with or without adjunct tongue scraping on volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in breath air, and the microbiota at the dorsum of the tongue. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A randomized single-masked controlled clinical trial with a cross-over study design over 14days including 21 subjects was performed. Bacterial samples from the dorsum of the tongue were assayed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. RESULTS: No halitosis (identified by VSC assessments) at day14 was identified in 12/21 subjects with active rinse alone, in 10/21with adjunct use of tongue scraper, in 1/21 for negative control rinse alone, and in 3/21 in the control and tongue scraping sequence. At day14, significantly lower counts were identified only in the active rinse sequence (p<0.001) for 15/78 species including, Fusobacterium sp., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Tannerella forsythia. A decrease in bacteria from baseline to day14 was found in successfully treated subjects for 9/74 species including: P. gingivalis, Prevotella melaninogenica, S. aureus, and Treponema denticola. Baseline VSC scores were correlated with several bacterial species. The use of a tongue scraper combined with active rinse did not change the levels of VSC compared to rinsing alone. CONCLUSIONS: VSC scores were not associated with bacterial counts in samples taken from the dorsum of the tongue. The active rinse alone containing zinc and chlorhexidine had effects on intra-oral halitosis and reduced bacterial counts of species associated with malodor. Tongue scraping provided no beneficial effects on the microbiota studied. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Periodontally healthy subjects with intra-oral halitosis benefit from daily rinsing with zinc- and chlorhexidine-containing mouth rinse.
45.	Fadel, Hani T, 1979, et al. (author) Clinical and biological indicators of dental caries and periodontal disease in adolescents with or without obesity. 2014 In: Clinical oral investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-3771 .- 1432-6981. ; 18:2, s. 359-368 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess clinical, microbiological and inflammatory parameters as indicators for caries and periodontal disease in adolescents with obesity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-seven adolescents with obesity [body mass index (BMI) 37±4kg/m(2)] and 28 controls (BMI 20±2kg/m(2)) answered questionnaires and were investigated regarding salivary parameters, plaque pH drop after a 1-min glucose rinse, oral clinical parameters, inflammatory markers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and sub-gingival mirobiota. RESULTS: Compared with controls, adolescents with obesity had a lower stimulated salivary secretion rate (1.55±0.63 vs. 2.05±1.05mL/min, p<0.05), higher concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) (p<0.001), more decayed tooth surfaces (3.4±6.6 vs. 0.8±1.1, p<0.05) and more gingivitis (p<0.01) after controlling for possible confounders. Overall, similar snacking habits, plaque amounts and numbers of deep periodontal pockets were observed. Following the glucose rinse, a slightly more pronounced drop in plaque pH was observed in the obesity group (p>0.05). No differences in sub-gingival inflammatory or microbial indicators were detected (p>0.01). CONCLUSIONS: More caries and gingival inflammation were observed in adolescents with obesity. Of the indicators tested, salivary secretion rate was lower and sIgA levels were higher in the obesity group. We are unable to confirm whether differences in caries and gingival inflammation are due to systemic changes that are associated with obesity or due to possible irregular dietary/oral hygiene habits. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Customised oral health preventive programmes and appropriate collaboration with medical personnel in selecting the best diet, medication and psychological support can help improve the general well-being, including oral health, of children with obesity. This may even reduce the risk of oral diseases.
46.	Fan, Ruyi, et al. (author) Microcirculation and somatosensory profiling of patients with periodontitis : a preliminary case control report 2021 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 25, s. 1223-1233 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this preliminary study was to explore blood microcirculation and somatosensory profiles in periodontitis patients before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients (10 men and 10 women, 20 to 30 years old) and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included. Non-surgical periodontal therapy was performed for all patients. Clinical examination including pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were performed at baseline (BL), 1 week (1W), and 4 weeks (4W) after non-surgical periodontal therapy on 6 sites of tooth 32 and 42. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and quantitative sensory testing (QST) were applied at the attached gingiva of tooth 32 and 42 at BL, 1W, and 4W after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Data were analyzed with a two-way mixed-model of ANOVA.RESULTS: The PPD, CAL and BOP significantly improved after non-surgical periodontal therapy (p < 0.001). Periodontitis patients demonstrated a higher tissue microvascular blood cell concentration (p = 0.015) and a significant gain in thermal (p = 0.037) and mechanical (p = 0.003) somatosensory function compared to controls. After non-surgical periodontal therapy, the flux (p = 0.002) and speed (p = 0.008) of blood flow decreased significantly and thermal (p = 0.029) and mechanical (p < 0.001) somatosensory function were reversed.CONCLUSION: Gingival microcirculation and somatosensory function seem impaired in patients with periodontitis and are reversed following non-surgical periodontal therapy.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: LDF and QST may be appropriate tools to further characterize gingival inflammation and treatment responses in periodontitis.
47.	Flyborg, Johan, et al. (author) Results of objective brushing data recorded from a powered toothbrush used by elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment related to values for oral health 2024 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer Nature. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 28:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objectives: The study aimed to investigate how the objective use of a powered toothbrush in frequency and duration affects plaque index, bleeding on probing, and periodontal pocket depth ≥ 4 mm in elderly individuals with MCI. A second aim was to compare the objective results with the participants’ self-estimated brush use.Materials and methods: Objective brush usage data was extracted from the participants’ powered toothbrushes and related to the oral health variables plaque index, bleeding on probing, and periodontal pocket depth ≥ 4 mm. Furthermore, the objective usage data was compared with the participants’ self-reported brush usage reported in a questionnaire at baseline and 6- and 12-month examination.Results: Out of a screened sample of 213 individuals, 170 fulfilled the 12-month visit. The principal findings are that despite the objective values registered for frequency and duration being lower than the recommended and less than the instructed, using powered toothbrushes after instruction and information led to improved values for PI, BOP, and PPD ≥ 4 mm in the group of elderly with MIC.Conclusions: Despite lower brush frequency and duration than the generally recommended, using a powered toothbrush improved oral health. The objective brush data recorded from the powered toothbrush correlates poorly with the self-estimated brush use.Clinical relevance: Using objective brush data can become one of the factors in the collaboration to preserve and improve oral health in older people with mild cognitive impairment. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05941611, retrospectively registered 11/07/2023.
48.	Flygare, Lennart, et al. (author) Preoperative imaging procedures for lower wisdom teeth removal 2008 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 12:4, s. 291-302 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The aims of this paper were to critically review the role of radiographic imaging before lower third molar removal and to suggest a strategy for preoperative imaging based on available scientific evidence and clinical experience. Original articles and reviews including the MESH terms "third molar" and "radiography" were selected from the Medline database. Other sources were taken from references of selected papers. It was found that the scientific evidence on the usefulness of different preoperative imaging techniques of wisdom teeth is low. Therefore, information gathered from the literature was combined with the authors' clinical experience to suggest a strategy for preoperative imaging of lower third molars. Currently available radiological techniques used for preoperative imaging of lower third molars are also presented. It is suggested that panoramic and/or intraoral radiographs are sufficient as preoperative imaging in the vast majority of cases where there is no overlap between the mandibular canal and the wisdom tooth. Supplement with a posteroanterior open mouth projection will solve most of the remaining cases. In a restricted number of cases where there is an intimate relationship between the mandibular canal and the wisdom tooth, volume tomography such as cone beam computed tomography or low-dose computed tomography is indicated.
49.	Francisco, Helena, et al. (author) Peri-implant bone preservation of a novel, self-cutting, and fully tapered implant in the healed crestal ridge of minipigs : submerged vs. transgingival healing 2021 In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 25:12, s. 6821-6832 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of transgingival compared with submerged healing on peri-implant bone maintenance around a novel, fully tapered implant in a healed crestal ridge in minipigs. Materials and methods: In each of 12 minipigs, two implants (Straumann® BLX, Roxolid® SLActive®, Ø 3.75 × 8 mm) were placed. Implants were either left for submerged or for transgingival healing for 12 weeks. Measurements performed were bone-to-implant contact (BIC), first bone-to-implant contact (fBIC), bone area to total area (BATA), perpendicular bone crest to implant shoulder (pCIS), bone height change from placement, and bone overgrowth (for submerged implants). Results: No significant differences were found between transgingival and submerged healing in any of the measured parameters, except for BATA on the buccal aspect in which significantly more bone formation was found for the transgingival healing group. For both groups, there was a gain in crestal bone height during the 12-week healing period. Conclusions: Loaded compared with unloaded implants displayed comparable levels of osseointegration and equivalent marginal bone levels. This qualifies the implant placement protocol with respect to the osteotomy dimensions and subcrestal placement protocol for immediate loading. Clinical relevance: The here presented results related to osseointegration and crestal bone maintenance after submerged or transgingival healing have demonstrated a high level of consistency in the used in vivo translational model. The obtained results support the translation of the novel implant type in conjunction with the developed surgical workflow and placement protocol into further clinical investigation and use.
50.	Fure, Solveig, 1941, et al. (author) Evaluation of the chemomechanical removal of dentine caries in vivo with a new modified Carisolv gel. 2004 In: Clinical oral investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 8:3, s. 139-44 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Carisolv is a minimally invasive method for softening and removing dentine caries. A new, modified Carisolv gel has been developed in order to optimise the efficiency if its chemical caries dissolution. The aim of the present study was to compare the caries removal efficiency of the original gel with that of the new gel, which contains almost double the concentration of sodium hypochlorite. Ten dentists treated 202 cavities in 170 patients; 104 cavities were randomised to the new gel and 98 to the original gel. Their mean treatment times for caries removal were 6.7+/-4.1 min and 7.6+/-4.2 min, respectively ( P>0.05). In close-to-pulp lesions, constituting 32% of the cavities, the mean times for caries removal were 9.0+/-7.0 min and 11.6+/-4.4 min for the new and original gels, respectively ( P<0.01). Questionnaires revealed that 81% of the patients preferred chemomechanical treatment to drilling. In conclusion, the improved efficiency of the modified Carisolv gel did reduce the time for caries removal in deep lesions. However, it still needs more time than conventional drilling.

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