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1.	Alexandersson, Erik, et al. (författare) Nordic research infrastructures for plant phenotyping 2018 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - : Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 27, s. 7-16 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Plant phenomics refers to the systematic study of plant phenotypes. Together with closely monitored, controlled climates, it provides an essential component for the integrated analysis of genotype-phenotype-environment interactions. Currently, several plant growth and phenotyping facilities are under establishment globally, and numerous facilities are already in use. Alongside the development of the research infrastructures, several national and international networks have been established to support shared use of the new methodology. In this review, an overview is given of the Nordic plant phenotyping and climate control facilities. Since many areas of phenomics such as sensor-based phenotyping, image analysis and data standards are still developing, promotion of educational and networking activities is especially important. These facilities and networks will be instrumental in tackling plant breeding and plant protection challenges. They will also provide possibilities to study wild species and their ecological interactions under changing Nordic climate conditions.
2.	Andersson, Göran (författare) Transcriptome profiling of Finnsheep ovaries during out-of-season breeding period 2015 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 24, s. 1-9 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Finnsheep is one of the most prolific sheep breeds in the world. We sequenced RNA-Seq libraries from the ovaries of Finnsheep ewes collected during out of season breeding period at about 30X sequence coverage. A total of 86966348 and 105587994 reads from two samples were mapped against latest available ovine reference genome (Oarv3.1). The transcriptome assembly revealed 14870 known ovine genes, including the 15 candidate genes for fertility and out-of-season breeding. In this study we successfully used our bioinformatics pipeline to assemble the first ovarian transcriptome of Finnsheep.
3.	Andersson, Staffan, et al. (författare) Effect of storage time and temperature on stability of bioactive compounds in aseptically packed beverages prepared from rose hips and sea buckthorn berries 2015 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - 1795-1895 .- 1459-6067. ; 24:4, s. 273-288 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Rose hips and sea buckthorn berries contain high amounts of beneficial bioactive compounds. In this study the content and stability of natural vitamins and antioxidants were investigated in two fruit beverages made from rose hip powder, sea buckthorn berry puree and white grape juice concentrate, and wheat germ oil in one of the beverages. Beverages were formulated, pasteurised and filled aseptically in Tetra Brik packages and stored up to 35 days at 4 degrees C or 22 degrees C. Samples were analysed for the content of ascorbic acid, carotenoids, major phenolics, tocochromanols, total phenols and total antioxidant capacity as ferric reducing ability. The largest changes occurred during the first 5 days of storage, thereafter mainly ascorbic acid decreased. In the wheat germ oil supplemented beverage, alpha-tocopherol was more rapidly degraded. Negative correlations between the decrease of some carotenoids and tocochromanols, and the increase of some phenolics, suggest relationships of redox reactions specific to the amount of oil supplemented. From the present study we can conclude that additions of oil to beverages should be carefully selected to avoid oxidations of bioactive compounds. Furthermore, packaging of the beverages should be carried out at higher temperatures and thereafter it should be stored at low temperatures (4 degrees C), which decreased oxidation of all bioactive compounds except ascorbic acid.
4.	Axelsson, Louise, et al. (författare) The meaning of animal well-being- for farmers and dairy farm employees 2024 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 33, s. 30-39 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Dairy farms in Sweden have undergone a structural change. The number of family farms has decreased, while the number of large dairy farms with employees caring for the animals has increased. This changing situation has created a new farming landscape. From that perspective, it is crucial to gain insight into what factors contribute to the well-being of humans and animals on big dairy farms. Twenty-three semi-structured interviews were conducted on three farms. Farmers and employees were interviewed. The material was analysed using a qualitative approach inspired by qualitative content analysis. For the farmers and employees, animal well-being was central for various reasons and from different perspectives. Despite the differences, the impact of animal well-being was interlinked between the two groups. An increased and deeper understanding of the different perspectives and needs arising from the different roles of farmers and employees can provide new knowledge about factors important for improvinganimal well-being.
5.	Backlund, Krister, et al. (författare) An analytical procedure for determination of sulphur species and isotopes in boreal acid sulphate soils and sediments 2005 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - : Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 14:1, s. 70-82 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract An analytical scheme suitable for boreal acid sulphate (AS) soils and sediments was developed on the basis of existing methods. The presented procedure can be used to quantify and discriminate among acid volatile sulphide, cold chromium reducible sulphur, hot chromium reducible sulphur, elemental sulphur, sulphate sulphur, organic sulphur, total reducible sulphur and total sulphur. The sulphur fractions are recovered as either Ag2S or BaSO4 precipitates and can further be used for isotope analysis. Overlaps between sulphur species are common during speciation, and must be minimized. Some of these overlaps are caused by poor sampling and storage, inappropriate conditions during the distillation, or natural variations in the sample (e.g. Fe3+ interference and grain size). The procedural impact was determined by conducting tests on both artificial and natural samples containing one or several sulphur species. The method is applied on reduced sediment from an AS soil locality (Överpurmo) and a brackish lake (Larsmo Lake) in western Finland and the results, including S-isotopes, are discussed.;
6.	Blix Germundsson, Lisa, et al. (författare) Collective agency as a leverage point in multi-actor innovation: Two case studies from Swedish horticulture 2023 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 32, s. 166-178 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of this study is to investigate how horticultural firms meet their need for innovation within the innovation system. A comparative process ethnography approach was applied to two cases of long-term collaboration between multiple actors in Swedish horticulture. The retrospective reconstruction of the cases through documentation and interviews allowed for triangulation of data in a grounded theory approach. The leverage points of the developing collaborative processes were found to be; having agency and a network approach, the forming of collective agency through social learning, enhancing resource access, and operationalization of results. The concept of leverage points is useful for understanding evolutionary changes in multi-actor collaborations. The use of the concept of collective agency contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of demand articulation, illustrating a reciprocal process between the actors' individual agencies, and evolving over time through their social learning. The results point to a need for policymakers and practitioners to develop a broader understanding of how actors work in the innovation system to enhance knowledge development and innovation.
7.	Blomquist, Jens, et al. (författare) Long-term effects of liming on crop yield, plant diseases, soil structure and risk of phosphorus leaching 2023 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 32, s. 139-153 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study examined the long-term effects of applying structure lime (mixture of similar to 80% CaCO3 and 20% Ca(OH)(2)) and ground limestone (CaCO3) on soil aggregate stability and risk of phosphorus (P) losses 5-7 years after liming, incidence of soil-borne diseases and yield in winter wheat (Tritium aestivum), oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). Lime was applied in 13 field trials in Sweden 2013-2015 and soil characteristics and crop yield were monitored until 2021. Seedbed (0-4 cm depth) aggregate (2-5 mm size) stability was improved to the same extent with both lime treatments compared to the untreated control, sampled 5-7 years after liming. Analyses and estimations of different P fractions (total P, PO4-P and particulate P) in leachate following simulated rainfall events on undisturbed topsoil cores sampled 6-8 years after liming revealed lower total P and particulate P concentrations in both lime treatments compared to the untreated control. Two sugar beet trial sites with soil pH <= 7.2 before liming showed an increase in sugar yield for structure lime and ground limestone as an effect of increased concentration of soil potassium (K-AL) and/or lower Aphanomyces root rot potential compared to the untreated control. Yield of winter wheat was not affected by application of either type of lime at sites with pH >7.2 but yield of oilseed rape decreased after application of structure lime.
8.	Blomquist, Jens, et al. (författare) Site characteristics determine the duration of structure liming effects on clay soil 2022 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - : Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 31, s. 136-148 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Adding carbonated or non-carbonated lime to clay soils can lead to changes in aggregate stability. In Sweden, 'struc-ture liming' with a mixed product (normally 80-85% calcium carbonate and 15-20% calcium hydroxide) is subsidised through environmental schemes to increase aggregate stability, thereby mitigating losses of particulate phosphorus (PP). This study assessed the effects of structure liming on aggregate stability in eight clay soils in southern Swe-den, using turbidity as a proxy for aggregate stability. Turbidity in leachate from simulated rain events performed on aggregates (2-5 mm) in the laboratory was measured one and six years after application of four treatments 0, 4, 8 and 16 t ha-1 of a mixed structure liming product. The effect on turbidity was analysed for all application rates, but also as the contrast between the unlimed control and the mean of the limed treatments, to identify the gen-eral effect. A significant effect of structure liming on turbidity was found after one year. The effect decreased over time, but was still detectable after six years. However, there was a significant interaction between trial and treat-ment, indicating different reactions on different soils and suggesting that not all clay soils are suitable for structure liming if the desired objective is to lower the risk of PP losses. Clay content, initial pH and mineralogy may explain the different responses to structure liming. These findings show a need for a site-specific structure liming strategy. As a tentative recommendation, soils with a minimum clay content of approximately 25-30% and pH <7 should be preferred for structure liming.
9.	Blomquist, Jens, et al. (författare) Timing and conditions modify the effect of structure liming on clay soil 2021 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - : Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 30, s. 96-107 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Two dates (early, normal) for application and incorporation of structure lime to clay soil were examined at four field sites, to test whether early liming had more favourable effects on aggregate stability. Aggregate size distribution measurements revealed a finer tilth at the early liming date (20 August) than the normal date (14 September). Aggregate stability estimated one year later, using as a proxy turbidity in leachate from 2-5 mm aggregates subjected to two simulated rainfall events, was significantly improved (11% lower turbidity) with early compared with normal liming date. Three years after structure liming, soil structural stability measurements on lysimeters (15 cm high, inner diameter 18 cm) subjected to repeated simulated rainfall events showed no significant differences in turbidity in leachate between the early and normal liming dates. However, there was a strong interaction between liming date and site indicating different reactions at different sites. Our results suggest that early spreading and incorporation can improve the success of structure liming, but only if soil conditions are favourable.
10.	Båth, Klara, et al. (författare) Microbiota of an unpasteurised cellar-stored goat cheese from northern Sweden 2012 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - Helsinki, Finland : M T T / Agrifood Research Finland. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 21:2, s. 197-203 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This qualitative study reports on lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeasts and moulds isolated from three artisanal Swedish cellar-stored goat cheeses aged for 1, 3 and 5 months. Starter culture LAB dominated in the younger cheeses, and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, common in raw goats' milk, had persisted from the unpasteurised milk into all the cheeses. Non-starter LAB dominated in the 5 month cheese, in particular, Lactobacillus sakei, a meat-associated LAB not previously isolated from cheese. Debaryomyces hansenii, and Penicillium and Mucor species were dominant among the yeasts and moulds, respectively. The cheese rind was not formed primarily from Penicillium species as in traditional cheeses such as Camembert - rather, mycelium from Mucor mucedo contributed to rind formation. Mould species known to produce sterigmatocystin, aflatoxins or ochratoxin A in cheese were not isolated in this study; growth of mycotoxigenic Aspergilli may have been inhibited by the cool conditions in the earth-cellar (4-6 degrees C).
11.	Dahlin, Sigrun, et al. (författare) Effect of wood ash and crushed rock soil amendments on red clover growth and dinitrogen fixation 2017 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 26, s. 188-197 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The fertiliser effect of adding wood ash or crushed rock to a low-fertility soil, compared with an unamended control, was assessed in a pot experiment with a perennial ryegrass-red clover mixture. Dinitrogen (N-2) fixation by the clover and translocation of fixed N to the grass were determined using N-15 natural abundance. The wood ash produced the highest accumulated clover biomass over two cuts, followed by the crushed rock. Chemical analyses suggested that the increase was due to K supply by the amendments. The wood ash also led to larger amounts of fixed N compared with the control. However, N-2 fixation was not increased as much as biomass amount, leading to dilution of plant N. There were minor or no treatment effects on mineralisation from soil N pools. This indicates that good-quality wood ash can be successfully used as a multi-element soil amendment to enhance clover growth on low-fertility soils.
12.	Ekholm, Anders, et al. (författare) Changes in content of major phenolic compounds during leaf development of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) 2014 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - : Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 23, s. 207-219 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Content of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity (FRAP) were investigated in the leaves of three sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) cultivars: 'Otradnaja', 'Gibrid Pertjika' and 'Ljubitelskaja', at different dates. In addition, major phenolic compounds (catechin, kaempferol, quercetin, epigallocatechin, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, rutin, gallic acid, procyanidin monomer glycoside, procyanidin dimer aglycone and hydrolyzable tannins I-III) were determined in 'Ljubitelskaja'. Antioxidant capacity and the content of total phenolic compounds fluctuated during April, May and June, and then increased until the end of July, when the highest values were observed. Total phenolic compounds were strongly correlated with FRAP. Levels were generally higher in 'Ljubitelskaja' than in 'Otradnaja' and 'Gibrid Pertjika'. In 'Ljubitelskaja', hydrolyzable tannins I-III occurred in higher amounts than did any of the other studied phenolic compounds. The developmental stage of the leaves (harvesting date) had a strong influence on content of phenolic compounds and should be carefully considered when harvesting sea buckthorn leaves for different purposes.
13.	Engström, Lena, et al. (författare) Optimum N-rate and effect of split N fertilization timing on yield and quality in spring oat varieties 2024 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 33, s. 164-174 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Split nitrogen (N) application to oats delays final decisionson total application rate, which could help achieve the economic optimum fertilization rate (OptN) and reduce nitrogen losses. Later topdressing allows adjustment of fertilizer level at a stage when it is easier to predict nitrogen supply from soil. The objectives were: to investigate whether topdressing can be applied after stem elongation and to assess effects on yield and quality in different oat varieties; and to study the variation in optimum N-rate and the possibility to predict and readjust it during the growing season. In 14 field experiments conducted in Sweden 2020-2022, the effect of split nitrogen application, with topdressing at growth stage (GS) 32, GS45, or GS55-61, on yield and quality in six different oat varieties was evaluated. Late topdressing increased grain protein concentration and decreased fat content, but variety was more important for target quality. Compared with a single early application, late topdressing did not affect yield significantly. Year and site influenced yield and quality, similarly for all varieties, but had an impact on the effect N-treatment had on protein. A multiple regression analysis showed that yield at OptN and N-uptake in unfertilized plots at GS31-47, can explain the variation in OptN and thus be used to estimate OptN. Topdressing as late as at GS45-61 increased the chances both of higher protein and more accurate prediction of OptN. Therefore, recommendations for late topdressing can be preferable if there is a target for high protein or if there are incentives to use crop sensors for late and accurate adjustments of N fertilization rates between and within fields. The recommendations should not be dependent on variety.
14.	Faltmarsch, Rasmus, et al. (författare) Metal concentrations in oats (Avena sativa L.) grown on acid sulphate soils 2009 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - : Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 18:1, s. 45-56 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of soil chemistry on the concentrations of Co, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe in oats (Avena saliva L. cv. Fiia) grown on Finnish acid sulphate (AS) soils with varying geochemical characteristics. Twenty two soil profiles, which were sampled to a depth of 1 m (five 20 cm section splits), and 26 composite oat grain samples were collected on a total of five fields. The concentrations of Co, Ni, Zn and Mn in the grains were correlated with the NH4Ac-EDTA-extractable concentrations in the soils. However, as these four chalcophilic metals are in general easily lost to drains and not retained as a large pool in the soil in easily-extractable form, also the concentrations in the oats were not in general elevated as compared with average values on other soils. On one of the fields, however, the Co and Ni concentrations in the soil, and thus also in the oats, were clearly elevated. Copper and Fe displayed no correlation between the soil and oat concentrations, indicating that the plant-uptake mechanisms are much more important than variations in geochemistry. It was suggested that the NH4Ac-EDTA solution was not efficient in extracting Fe and Cu, which shows that these metals are bound in relatively immobile oxyhydroxides.
15.	Fältmarsch, Rasmus, et al. (författare) Metal concentrations in oats (Avena sativa L.) grown on acid sulphate soils 2009 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 18:1, s. 45-56 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of soil chemistry on the concentrations of Co, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe in oats (Avena saliva L. cv. Fiia) grown on Finnish acid sulphate (AS) soils with varying geochemical characteristics. Twenty two soil profiles, which were sampled to a depth of 1 m (five 20 cm section splits), and 26 composite oat grain samples were collected on a total of five fields. The concentrations of Co, Ni, Zn and Mn in the grains were correlated with the NH(4)Ac-EDTA-extractable concentrations in the soils. However, as these four chalcophilic metals are in general easily lost to drains and not retained as a large pool in the soil in easily-extractable form, also the concentrations in the oats were not in general elevated as compared with average values on other soils. On one of the fields, however, the Co and Ni concentrations in the soil, and thus also in the oats, were clearly elevated. Copper and Fe displayed no correlation between the soil and oat concentrations, indicating that the plant-uptake mechanisms are much more important than variations in geochemistry. It was suggested that the NH(4)Ac-EDTA solution was not efficient in extracting Fe and Cu, which shows that these metals are bound in relatively immobile oxyhydroxides.
16.	Hansson, Helena, et al. (författare) Land Acquisition Regulation through the lens of expert stakeholders' mental models-what are the implications for business development among Swedish farmers and non-industry forestry owners? 2021 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - : Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 30, s. 108-118 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Agricultural and forestry land markets are regulated in several European countries. Assessing the economic consequences of land market regulation for agricultural and forestry firms is methodologically challenging for various reasons. The aim of this study is to explore the relevance of expert stakeholders' mental models in order to gain insights into the economic impacts of agricultural and forestry land market regulation. We use thematic analysis based on in-depth interview data to explore Swedish expert stakeholders' mental models concerning the regulation of the Swedish agricultural and forestry land market and focus on impacts for private land owners, i.e. farmers and non-industry forestry owners. This research strategy facilitated a rich understanding of the effects of land regulation on economic consequences for private landowners who use the land in farms and/or forestry. Findings indicate that current regulation does not have any major impact on the economic situation of the considered types of farms and non-industry forestry owners in Sweden. This is interesting from the perspective of agricultural and forestry land market policy.
17.	Hansson, Helena, et al. (författare) Understanding the diversification and specialization of farm businesses 2010 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - : Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 19, s. 269-283 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper addresses the development of farm businesses in Sweden, 2000-2007, with regard to their specialization in single farm enterprises, diversified agricultural production and diversification with new income-generating ventures. Furthermore, regression analysis is used to study the impact of farm characteristics on the observed specialization and diversification. The study is based a panel data set of about 900 farms participating in the Swedish Agricultural Economics Survey. Results show that farms are increasingly engaging in diversified activities, though in most firms these activities make only minor contributions to total revenue. Results also show that the degrees of specialization and diversification are influenced by characteristics of firms' business structure, financial and demographic conditions. These results contribute to the understanding of farm business development, as well as show the need for policy makers and farm advisors to consider the differences between farms pursuing different development strategies in their efforts to influence behavior.
18.	Huhtanen, Pekka (författare) An overview of silage research in Finland: from ensiling innovation to advances in dairy cow feeding 2013 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - : Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 22, s. 35-56 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Because of the climatic conditions, the Finnish milk production research has focused to improve the utilisation of grassland, mainly as conserved forages. The main research areas have been ensiling, evaluation of the forage feeding value, predicting nutrient supply from grass silage-based diet and the effects of forage quality and concentrate supplementation on milk production responses. Due to changes in ensiling technologies and variety of forage crops new silage additives have been adopted. A centralized system for the analysis of forage energy value is based on NIRS calibration. It was calibrated against in vitro pepsin-cellulase solubility method that was validated against in vivo digestibility. The concentration of indigestible neutral detergent fibre was found to be a useful parameter both in empirical models predicting forage digestibility and mechanistic rumen models predicting the amounts of absorbed nutrients. Models predicting relative intake potential of forages and total diet were developed, and an intake model combining animal and diet effects independently of each other was developed. Using meta-analysis approaches a nutrient response model was developed for dairy cows for milk, energy corrected milk and protein yield. Feed evaluation, intake and nutrient response models form now the basis of practical Finnish ration formulation system that can optimize diets according to maximum income over feed cost in addition to minimum feed cost.
19.	Linse, Lisbeth, et al. (författare) Boron fertilisation of organically managed grass-clover swards on coarse-textured soils: effects on botanical and element composition 2015 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 24, s. 261-272 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Three trials were performed on two organic farms with dairy and suckler cows and using home-produced forage and feed crops, predominantly grass-clover ley, in order to determine whether boron (B) is a limiting factor for legumes on coarse-textured soils in an area predisposed to low B soil concentrations. The effects of B fertilisation (applied as sprayed liquid) on biomass yield, botanical composition and plant macro-and micronutrient concentrations relative to soil concentrations and livestock requirements were investigated. Boron fertilisation (i) did not affect any yield, (ii) increased the white clover percentage significantly in forage on one farm and (iii) increased B concentrations in plants and soil on both farms, and (iv) did not affect concentrations of other nutrients in forage on either farm. Thus, B was not an obvious limiting factor on these farms. Effects of management practices on interactions and ratios between B, calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) and their implications are discussed.
20.	Manevska Tasevska, Gordana, et al. (författare) Input saving possibilities and practices contributing to more efficient beef production in Sweden 2014 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - : Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 23, s. 118-134 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study estimated the possibilities of reducing costs and improving input use in a sample of Swedish farms specialising in beef production. Input use efficiency was measured in a multi-output, multi-input distance function analysis, covering the period 2008-2011. For comparison, both the classical radial and the generalised non-parametric approach were used. The results revealed that on average, costs could be decreased by 20%. Both models constructed frontiers where: i) the rankings of farms according to efficiency were positively and highly correlated and ii) the size and the significance of the parameter estimates were similar. Input-saving technologies were found to be positively influenced by livestock density, pasture availability and the use of coupled income support. Larger farms, farms with higher specialisation in beef cattle, farms with a larger number of animals older than 2 years, farms converting to organic production, farms located in less favoured areas and farms located in regions with a shorter grazing period were found be less efficient.
21.	Manevska Tasevska, Gordana, et al. (författare) Pure and compensated technical efficiency of Swedish dairy farms 2016 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 25, s. 111-123 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The compensatory effect of environmental subsidies for agri-environmental output constraints was evaluated through a comparative analysis observing the ‘pure' efficiency, as a benchmark for prevailing production conditions, and the ‘compensated' efficiency, as a proxy indicator of the compensation. An unbalanced data panel covering 3578 Swedish dairy farms in the period 2002-2012 was used. The analysis showed that in the study period, environmental farm support decreased the differences in farm revenue generated by agri-environmental output constraints in Sweden. However, the environmental support distribution did not succeed in meeting regional needs, so difficulties in farmers' ability to generate output in southern and central forest and valley areas of Sweden were visible. Furthermore, the environmental agricultural support had only a partial subsidisation effect on ‘green' farm management practices, with full compensation being achieved for organic and capital-extensive farming, whereas low livestock density farming was not sufficiently compensated. This analysis reveals incentives with policy implications for farm economic performance and provides direct input to future policy recommendations for environmental support allocation.
22.	Maslak, Katarzyna, et al. (författare) Thermal energy use for dehumidification of a tomato greenhouse by natural ventilation and a system with an air-to-air heat exchanger 2017 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - : Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 26, s. 56-66 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of the study was to estimate the amount of thermal energy used for dehumidification of a naturally ventilated tomato greenhouse and to estimate how mechanical ventilation with the use of a heat exchanger recovering heat from the exhaust to the supply air may decrease the energy use. Measured use of thermal energy in a naturally ventilated tomato greenhouse was compared to modelled values using Powersim((R)) software. By the help of the model an estimation of the amount of energy used for dehumidification was made for the months April-September. A non-hygroscopic rotary air-to-air heat exchanger was studied, and its temperature and moisture efficiencies were measured. Modelling for leaf area index (LAI) 3.5 and 4.0 m(2) m(-2) indicated that 23 and 29% of the total thermal energy was used for moisture removal respectively. Modelling for the heat exchanger indicated thermal energy savings of 15 and 17% for the same LAI respectively.
23.	Morfi, Chrysoula (författare) The Wizards of Svalof; Intellectual property rights and consolidation in the plant breeding industry 2020 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - : Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 29, s. 29-42 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper reviews the most prominent changes that have taken place in the plant breeding industry in Sweden. We argue that the establishment of Intellectual Property Rights schemes creates power asymmetry in the seed value chain and has therefore been a major driver of consolidation in Sweden and internationally. Furthermore, we provide an assessment of the use of cultivars bred domestically. This has been achieved by identifying and classifying the variety owners for major crops based on the origin of the breeding station and calculating the percentage of the domestically-bred varieties used in crop production. The ratio of local varieties in relation to imported varieties is of special significance to Sweden, which has a long history of plant breeding and a challenging climate.
24.	Nadeau, Elisabet, et al. (författare) Effects of sulphur fertilization in organically cultivated faba bean 2020 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - : Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 29, s. 471–481- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Optimal seed yield and quality requires that the sulphur (S) demand of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is ensured. The ef-fect of S fertilization on organic cultivated faba bean was investigated under field conditions during two growing seasons (2017–2018), in Sweden. Kieserite (MgSO4) and gypsum (CaSO4) were applied at a rate of 20 and 40 kg ha-1to study the effect on faba bean growth, yield, crude protein (CP) content and amino acid (AA) composition. Gyp-sum and kieserite significantly increased S concentration of faba bean dry matter (DM) in 2017. The S concentra-tion ranged from 0.20% to 0.23% of DM compared to 0.18% in the untreated control. In 2018, kieserite application at 40 kg ha-1 significantly increased S concentration to 0.15% compared to 0.12% in the untreated control. The faba bean plants did, however, not respond neither with increased growth nor increased seed yield. The seed quality in terms of CP and S-containing AA, was not affected by S fertilization, however, significant differences were observed between the experimental sites.
25.	Nadeau, Elisabet (författare) Functional divergence effects of intercropped faba bean and maize in organic production for forage increase mineral contents and reduces leaf spots 2018 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - : Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 27, s. 110-123 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Multispecies cropping systems contribute to sustainable agriculture with multiple ecosystem services. Effects of intercropping of organically managed maize and faba beans to silage on acquisition of mineral nutrients in shoots of both crops and on leaf spot progression in faba beans were investigated. Three field experiments were performed with maize and faba bean intercropped or grown separately. Intercropping increased shoot concentrations of K, Ca, Mg, Na, S and B in faba bean, and shoot concentrations of Cu, Zn and Mo in maize. Thus, the ecological complementary effects enhance feed quality. Disease severity index (DSI) of leaf spots in faba beans was reduced by intercropping by 42-57 %, partly due to an increased Cu acquisition at sites where the Cu availability was low. There was a significant negative linear relationship between Cu concentration in shoots and DSI of leaf spots. Total uptake of mineral nutrients per land area was greater in the intercropping system with a total LER > 1 for all mineral nutrients, except for P, Ca and Mn at one of the sites. Increased nutrient use efficiency, due to facilitative uptake from the soil, and the production of crops with higher contents of minerals compared with monocropping, are benefits of intercropped maize and faba beans.
26.	Ollila, Petri, et al. (författare) Farmers' reactions to the internationalisation of cooperatives 2014 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - : Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 23, s. 291-306 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study examined the extent to which farmer cooperatives enjoy social capital within their memberships as they become internationalised. The empirical basis was a survey of farmers in Finland. Findings from limited dependent variable regression models suggest that the farmers who are most loyal to their cooperatives tend to oppose its foreign investments. Another group of farmers tended to switch membership status between different cooperatives, and a third group tended to opt out of cooperatives. The two latter categories were characterised by a lower level of social capital, and both of them welcomed the cooperatives' international operations. This finding was more significant for individual farm types than the social capital-linked opposition to internationalisation. A general conclusion is that the internationalisation of cooperatives seems to affect the members' trust in the cooperative differently. Thus there is increasing heterogeneity within the memberships which may give rise to governance problems.
27.	Piikki, Kristin, et al. (författare) A modified delta yield approach for estimation of economic optimal nitrogen rate (EONR) for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) 2017 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - : Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 26, s. 233-241 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A Swedish field trial database was mined for information on economic optimal nitrogen rate (EONR). A total of 100 trials with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 47 trials with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were used to parameterise prediction models for EONR based on yields in plots with no nitrogen (N) fertilisation, intended to reflect N mineralisation, and yields in plots with a high N rate, aimed as a proxy variable for yield potential, i.e. a modification of the delta yield (Delta Y) approach. When the prediction models were applied to new sites and years, predictions had mean absolute error (MAE) = 10 kg N ha(-1) for wheat and = 9 kg N ha(-1) for barley. Performing modified Delta Y experiments can complement current N fertilisation trials with many rates, in order to improve the spatial representation of EONR estimations. Moreover, Delta Y experiments can potentially be used for in-season EONR estimation, in which case the accuracy of the EONR predictions depends also on the uncertainty in yield predictions made at the time of supplementary fertilisation.
28.	Ramin, Mohammad, et al. (författare) The effects of legume seeds on the lactation performance of dairy cows fed grass silage-based diets 2017 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - : Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 26, s. 129-137 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim was to study if locally produced organic legume seeds as protein supplement could improve the performance of dairy cows. The experiment was a cyclic change over design were the control diet consisted of grass silage and barley (60:40) on a dry matter (DM) basis. Barley was replaced with rapeseed expeller (RSE), or isonitrogenous supplements of peas, untreated field beans (UFB), heat-treated FB (TFB) or a lower level of TFB (TFB-low) that provided the same dietary metabolizable protein concentrations as of UFB. None of the legume protein supplementations had effect on DM intake (DMI) neither on energy corrected milk yield compared to control. The RSE treatment increased milk (24.8 vs. 23.6 kg d(-1)) and protein yield (913 vs. 863 g d(-1)) compared to other protein supplements. Heat-treated FB had no effect on DMI, milk or protein yield compared to UFB. Only RSE resulted in improvements in dairy cows performance in relation to the control diet.
29.	Stenberg, Elin, et al. (författare) Carcass characteristics and meat quality attributes in lambs reared indoors, on cultivated pasture, or on semi-natural pasture 2020 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - : The Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 29:5, s. 432-441 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study evaluated the effects of different lamb production systems on live weight gain (LWG), carcass quality and meat quality. Four production systems for weaned intact male lambs were examined: Indoor feeding with grass silage and concentrate (group 1), grazing on cultivated pasture with (group 2) or without (group 3) concentrate, and grazing on semi-natural pasture (group 4). Live weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, carcass conformation, fatness and pH decline were recorded at slaughter, and M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum was analysed for colour, thawing and cooking loss, pH after 24 hours and 6 days, and Warner-Bratzler shear force. LWG was strongly affected by production system, being highest for group 1 and lowest for group 4 (p<0.001). Group 4 had the lowest conformation (p=0.002) and fat scores (p<0.001). Hence, production system affected age at slaughter, live weight gain, weight at slaughter, carcass conformation and fatness scores, but caused no differences in meat quality attributes in intact male lambs.
30.	Söderström, Mats, et al. (författare) Using proximal soil sensors and fuzzy classification for mapping Amazonian Dark Earths 2013 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 22:4, s. 380-389 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We tested if hand-carried field proximal soil sensing (PSS) can be used to map the distribution of anthropogenic Amazonian Dark Earths (ADE). ADE soils are rich in archaeological artefacts, nutrients, organic matter and carbon in the very stable form of pyrogenic carbon, also referred to as black carbon or biochar. To test the capacity of PSS to detect signature ADE properties we measured electrical conductivity (ECa), magnetic susceptibility (MSa) and gamma ray data by transect sampling and compared these readings, using fuzzy classification, with datasets on chemical soil properties from a 28 ha large study area located on the Belterra Plateau of the Lower Amazon in northern Brazil. Results indicate that ECa and MSa measurements were good indicators of ADE signatures, but that the gamma radiation sensor was less useful in the deeply weathered soils. PSS and fuzzy classification can be used for rapid field mapping of ADE for both agricultural and archaeological purposes.
31.	Solberg, S. O., et al. (författare) Commercial cultivars and farmers' access to crop diversity: A case study from the Nordic region 2015 Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067. ; 24:2, s. 150-163 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Agricultural diversification is one way of meeting the future challenges associated with climate change and population growth, making farmers' access to a diversity of high-yielding, good quality cultivars critical. In this paper we provide an overview of the seed system in the Nordic region from the 1950 to the present. The emphasis is on breeding businesses and their production of cultivars. Key primary sources have been the national variety lists, other written sources on plant breeding, and a survey. We document how enterprises have merged and how this consolidation process has affected the production of new cultivars and led to an emphasis on major crops, resulting in the abandonment of breeding activities for several other crops. The results are discussed in relation to structures and in the broader context of agrobiodiversity issues in peripheral regions of the world.

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