| 1. |
- Abalo, Ernesto, 1982-
(författare)
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Rifts in the hegemony : Swedish news journalism on cannabis legalization
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 20:11, s. 1617-1634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyzes the journalistic construction of the ongoing international renegotiation of cannabis, with the aim of contributing to the theorization of how journalism mediates between hegemonic and counter-hegemonic positions at times of crisis of hegemonic values. The study perceives the many ongoing attempts of legalizing and decriminalizing cannabis for recreational use as providing a disequilibrium to the hegemonic view of the substance as a dangerous narcotic that is rightly banned, and as intensifying a hegemonic struggle over the meaning of cannabis. Swedish print news journalism about cannabis legalization in different countries and contexts is studied, using critical discourse analysis. The analysis shows that journalism allows for debate between positive and skeptic discourses about the effects of recreational cannabis consumption and its medical benefits, and that voices that argue for cannabis legalization to combat organized crime are given important framing power. This means that a measure of legitimacy is given to discourses that counter the prohibitionist hegemony in Sweden, which means that mainstream journalism in this specific case serves as an arena for challenging hegemonic values that are in crisis.
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| 2. |
- Adams, Paul C.
(författare)
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Migration Maps with the News : Guidelines for ethical visualization of mobile populations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 19:4, s. 527-547
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maps showing immigration into Europe are a potential source of journalistic bias. Limited time and funding to create maps of migration can lead to dependence on data from institutions dedicated to controlling migration, in effect promoting a logic of surveillance directed at immigrants rather than a logic of hospitality based on respect for human rights. There are organizational and logistical barriers to overcome if migration is to be portrayed in ways that support thoughtful, democratic, rights-based deliberation but efforts need to be made to map migration in ways that reveal the geographical experiences of individual immigrants including their movement paths and the risks they face. This article examines unusual maps of migration, drawing on examples from news media as well as from non-governmental organizations, research teams, book authors, private companies, and entertainment media based in several European countries. The examples provide a foundation for concrete recommendations regarding the responsible use of cartographic visualization as a component of immigration news.
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| 3. |
- Ahva, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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A Welfare State of Mind?: Nordic journalists’ conception of their role and autonomy in international context
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 18:5, s. 595-613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis GroupThe development of journalism in the Nordic countries has been shaped by two interconnected ideologies: the welfare state and democratic corporatism. International reviews have repeatedly emphasized the similarities of the media systems in these countries. However, less work has been done on the professional identity of individual journalists working within these systems. In this article, the similarities and differences between journalists’ professional values and perceptions in the Nordic countries are explored based on survey data from the Worlds of Journalism Study. The results indicate that despite country-specific variance, Nordic journalists share a vision of their professional identity especially in terms of seeing themselves as detached watchdogs and renouncing the role of opportunist facilitator. Another Nordic characteristic is the low level of experienced economic influence on journalistic work. In important ways, thus, Nordic journalists’ professional views appear to reflect central characteristics of the political culture and media systems in which they work.
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| 4. |
- Allern, Sigurd, et al.
(författare)
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The news media as a political institution : A Scandinavian perspective
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - London : Routledge. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 12:1, s. 92-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On the basis of Scandinavian journalism research this article discusses the changing political roles of news organizations and journalists after the fall of the party press and the dissolution of broadcasting as a state-controlled monopoly. Given these institutional changes, we ask the following: what new roles, if any, are news organizations and journalists playing in the political system? What are the characteristics of these new roles, and how do news organizations use their newfound political power? We address these questions in the context of an institutional approach to the news coupled with Hallin and Mancini's analysis of media systems.
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| 5. |
- Appelgren, Ester, 1977-
(författare)
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Media Management During COVID-19: Behavior of Swedish Media Leaders in Times of Crisis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 23:5-6, s. 722-739
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In contrast to the majority of European countries, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, Swedish authorities did not put the country in lockdown, but mainly presented relatively mild recommendations to work from home and not gather in groups of over 50 persons. Thus, much of the decision-making and restrictions to prevent the spread of the virus had to occur at the organizational level, i.e., within companies. This paper reports the findings from an online survey carried out in June–September 2020 (n = 196), in which Swedish media managers were asked to focus on perceived media leadership during the COVID-19 crisis. The results indicate that Swedish media managers acted with confidence in their remote leadership and engaged in crisis management leader tasks in line with previous crisis management research. While managers learned to appreciate remote work, they stressed the difficulty of being an inspiring leader in a remote setting and the challenge of motivating creativity, one of the most important components in managing journalism and media work.
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| 6. |
- Asp, Kent, 1949
(författare)
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News media logic in a New Institutional perspective
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 15:3, s. 256-270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Media logic is the key to understanding mediatization and its driving forces. Since news organizations simultaneously are market and non-market organizations, media logic is conceived of as an institution that is both normative and market driven. Consequently, the definition of news media logic rests on assumptions from both the normative and the rational choice approach to institutions. Two sets of institutional rules are identified: professional norms based on values (independence and objectivity) and professional standards based on rules for the production of news (craft rules and form rules). The institutionalization of news media logic is conceived of as an evolutionary process, where the norms and standards are assumed to have emerged and become established endogenously. Thus, the process of institutionalization is believed to be explained primarily by processes of institutional learning. In order to justify the power of journalists, the very meanings of the norms of independence and objectivity have been widened, and the professional standards have become increasingly refined. My main conclusion is that news media logic has emerged as a single coherent institution in most Western democracies, and that the biggest democratic challenge is not the performance of the media, but the fact that journalists today can exercise a lot of power without any actual counterweights.
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| 7. |
- Barkho, Leon
(författare)
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The BBC's Discursive Strategy and Practices Vis-à-vis the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 9:2, s. 278-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the BBC's strategy and discursive practices with regard to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It triangulates critical linguistic analysis of the BBC's English and Arabic online reports, with the results of extensive interviews with BBC editors, articles by mainstream media as well as the BBC's guidelines and the editors' blogs. The aim behind the triangulation is to see whether the corporation's beliefs, norms and assumptions vis-à-vis the issue have a hand in the shaping of its discursive features. In order to understand why and how news is differently structured and patterned, Fowler urges critical linguists to contextualize their studies by examining discourse-related moments other than the text itself. The contextualization of the linguistic representations of the conflict demonstrates that BBC language reflects to a large extent the views, assumptions and norms prevalent in the corporation as well as the unequal division of power and control between the two protagonists despite the corporation's insistence on impartiality, balance and neutrality in its coverage of the conflict.
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| 8. |
- Becker, Lee B., et al.
(författare)
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IS MORE ALWAYS BETTER? : Examining the adverse effects of competition on media performance
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 10:3, s. 368-385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While classic market economic theory argues that competition among media is better for consumers, preliminary research in emerging media markets suggests otherwise. High levels of competition in markets with limited advertising revenues may lead to poorer journalistic performance. This study tests that argument using secondary analysis of data from a purposive sample of countries where measures of news media performance and market competition exist. The authors find a curvilinear relationship between competition and the quality of the journalistic product, with moderate competition leading to higher-quality journalism products and higher levels of competition leading to journalistic products that do not serve society well. The implications of the findings for media assistance initiatives are discussed.
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| 9. |
- Berglez, Peter
(författare)
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What is Global Journalism? : Theoretical and empirical conceptualisations
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - London : Routledge. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 9:6, s. 845-858
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, I argue that the emergence of transnational crises and threats such as the Muhammad cartoons controversy, the avian flu epidemic and climate change, calls for new ways of analysing news. The point of departure is that news media content seems to be becoming more and more deterritorialised, involving complex relations and flows across national borders and continents. In a globalising world, news on politics, ecological processes, agriculture etc. could thus become endowed with a global outlook on social reality, something which has by tradition only been associated with financial news. Even if it seems difficult to estimate more exactly the extent to which everyday news media content has become global, the indications are that it has become harder to categorise news texts as either solely domestic or foreign news. This, in turn, argues for the potential usefulness of the concept of global journalism, which transgresses and transcends the traditional domestic-foreign dichotomy. In news media and journalism studies, the concept of global journalism is under theoretical development, and still in need of a more stringent definition. The purpose of this article is therefore to theoretically define global journalism as a distinctive news style in order to facilitate empirical analyses of it, preferably news text analyses. The suggestion is that this news style rests on a distinct epistemology (the global outlook) when it comes to the representation of space, power and identity.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Danielson, Magnus, PhD, 1961-
(författare)
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Disclaiming, Mitigating, and Character Boosting : How Targets of Investigate Journalism Negotiate Guilt, Excuses, Justification, and Morality
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 24:4, s. 532-551
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses how objects of investigative journalism challenge journalistic authority and knowledge production from the textual space of their own platforms. Drawing on theories of image repair discourse, legal defense strategies, and socio-moral meaning making, a thematic analysis is used to research how the defenses criticize the investigations, what type of dialogical socio-moral meaning making they initiate, and what challenges that meaning-making poses to journalism. The article identifies three positions vis-à-vis the accusations: disclaiming, mitigating, and character boosting. The positions represent journalism respectively as either malevolent adversary, legitimate censor, or associate moral champion, and the stances criticize investigations for being either wrongful, exaggerated, or a distortion of character. The defenses challenge investigative journalism to substantiate accusations, justify methods, renegotiate guilt, acknowledge the validity of excuses and justification, and give credit for alleged moral qualities. The study ends with a discussion on the importance for journalism to engage seriously with defenses to uphold its role as a just and fair institution of accountability, and as a relevant actor in the construction of societal moral.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Djerf-Pierre, Monika, 1961
(författare)
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The crowding-out effect : issue dynamics and attention to environmental issues in television news reporting over 30 years
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 13:4, s. 499-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study of intra-media agenda setting and issue dynamics in news reporting is essential to the understanding of the construction of issue attention cycles in the news. The present article identifies two factors-issue fatigue and issue competition-that influence the longitudinal development of issues in the news; factors that can contribute to explain the decline in attention to previously salient issues on the news agenda. Issue competition is present when a high level of attention to one issue "crowds out" attention to other issues in the same news outlet in a given period of time. The specific focus of the analysis is on the cyclical pattern in news attention to environmental issues and the article shows how environmental news is crowded-out by economic news and news on war and armed conflicts in times of crises. The empirical data consist of quantitative analyses of the attention patterns in news reporting in Swedish television news over three decades, 1979-2009.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Ekström, Mats, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond the broadcast interview : specialized forms of interviewing in the making of television news
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Routledge. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 12:2, s. 172-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on a mixed-method approach, this article aims at exploring the specialized forms of interviewing that are used as resources in television broadcast news production. Interviews are analyzed as functionally specialized forms of interaction (cf. Heritage, 1985) with various functions in different phases of the news production. We assume that interviews are organized and carried out as communicative activities oriented towards specific tasks, identities and contexts of interaction. In contrast to established definitions of the archetypical on air news interview, we argue that broadcast interviewing is only partially produced for an “overhearing audience” (ibid.). Taking into account the entire process of producing and presenting news, journalism harbours a multitude of interviewing practices and activities which remain invisible if only the taped and transcribed broadcast talk is analyzed. Our study clearly indicates that news interviews contain more diversified and hybrid activities of communication than has been described in previous research.
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| 16. |
- Ekström, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Biased interrogations? : a multi-methodological approach on bias in election campaign interviews
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 14:3, s. 423-439
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study, based on Swedish data from three elections (2002, 2006 and 2010) and on a revised version of Clayman's and Heritage's conceptualization of aggressive questioning, examines bias in election campaign interviews with leading political figures. In the first part of the study, the prevalence of partisan bias is explored, and this analysis confirms that such bias does not exist. Informed by Conversation Analysis, a limited number of interviews from the 2006 election are investigated in the second part. This analysis also involves questions scripted by journalists, and it compares both quantitatively and qualitatively the differences between the manuscripts and live interaction. The results question the assumption that bias is solely related to journalistic values and actions. The level of aggressiveness in the interviews is also dependent on how the politicians manage the interview questions.
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| 17. |
- Ekström, Mats
(författare)
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Conversation analysis in journalism studies
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 8:6, s. 964-973
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article considers the role of conversational analysis in the study of journalism. The author argues that conversation is inherent to the very being of journalism, whether it be conversational exchange in broadcast journalism or the conversation engaged in by print journalists in their news gathering activities. The article offers a brief history of the field of conversational analysis. Of particular interest in conversational analysis for journalistic study is the role of institutional interaction. The author discusses the role of communication and conversation in news legitimacy.
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| 18. |
- Ekström, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Journalism and local politics : A study of scrutiny and accountability in Swedish journalism
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - London : Routledge. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 7:2, s. 292-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Political accountability is defined as an important aspect of scrutiny. By analysing newspapers at three different points in time (1961, 1981 and 2001), this study suggests that the kind of scrutiny often mentioned in the literature, characterised by thorough investigations and disclosures of political wrongdoings, barely exists in the local press. By identifying other forms of scrutiny more closely related to ordinary news reporting, the study shows that one-third of the 1500 articles analysed display some degree of scrutiny. The local press plays an important role in communicating information and critique concerning the ways in which local authority service provision works and how political responsibilities are fulfilled. This study indicates that this role has been strengthened during the second half of the 20th century.
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| 19. |
- Espeland, Erik, 1993
(författare)
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The Dynamics of Political Interest and News Media Avoidance: A Generational and Longitudinal Perspective
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the abundance of political information in today’s media environment, an increasing number of people tune out from the news. Scholars have traced these developments to both individual motivational factors gaining importance in the high-choice media environment and generational differences related to changing news habits and changing norms around news consumption. However, research that integrates these perspectives is scarce, and studies investigating this relationship longitudinally are especially rare. Thus, this paper investigates the conditional effects of (1) political interest and (2) age on the probability of avoiding traditional news media, and (3) whether these conditional effects have changed over time. Using data from 1986 to 2021, this study shows that the number of people tuning out from news media is increasing. The effect of political interest and age on the probability of news media avoidance has also increased over time. Additionally, there were only small age differences in the impact of political interest in earlier periods, but these differences have increased over time. Today, being uninterested in politics is clearly a stronger predictor of news media avoidance among younger people compared to older individuals.
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| 20. |
- Farkas, Johan
(författare)
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Fake News in Metajournalistic Discourse
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - New York : Taylor & Francis. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 24:4, s. 423-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, fake news has become central to debates about the state and future of journalism. This article examines imaginaries around fake news as a threat to democracy and the role of journalism in mitigating this threat. The study builds on 34 qualitative interviews with Danish journalists, media experts, government officials, and social media company representatives as well as 42 editorials from nine national Danish news outlets. Drawing on discourse theory and the concept of metajournalistic discourse, the analysis finds that media actors mobilise fake news to support opposing discursive positions on journalism and its relationship with falsehoods. While some voices articulate established journalism and journalistic values, such as objectivity, as the antithesis to fake news, others blame contemporary journalistic practices for potentially contributing to misinformation, calling for change and reform. These contrasts are particularly notable between the public stances of editors-in-chief, expressed through editorials, and reflections based on personal experience from news reporters and media experts. The paper concludes that fake news functions as a floating signifier in Danish metajournalistic discourse, mobilised not only to attack or defend journalism, but also to present conflicting visions for what journalism is and ought to be.
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| 21. |
- Ferrer Conill, Raul, 1979-
(författare)
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Camouflaging Church as State : An exploratory study of journalism’s native advertising
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Routledge. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 17:7, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the increasing trend of adopting native advertising in the digital editions of traditional news media outlets. Native advertising is defined here as a form of paid media where the commercial content is delivered within the design and form of editorial content, as an attempt to recreate the user experience of reading news instead of advertising content. Methodologically, this study examines 12 news websites of legacy newspapers from Sweden, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and analyzes the adoption of native advertising during the span of January 2015. Subsequently, these advertisements are analyzed in terms of type, form, function, integration, measurement, disclosure, and authorship. The results show that while the degree of implementation is still modest, the way in which it is implemented is uneven across countries.
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| 22. |
- Gambarato, Renira R., et al.
(författare)
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Transmedia Strategies in Journalism : An analytical model for the news coverage of planned events
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 18:11, s. 1381-1399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article discusses the meanings of transmedia journalism, which involves the expansion, not the repetition, of news content and then presents the development of a new analytical model that focuses on the coverage of planned events in news media. Planned events are temporal occurrences that are normally well schematized and publicized in advance. The proposed model addresses the fundamental features involved in transmedia strategies for media coverage to contribute to scholars’ analytic needs and to guide journalists in developing transmedia strategies in the context of the news coverage of planned events. Multiplatform news media production is already a reality that, although probably more modest than comprehensive, will inevitably grow and improve.
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| 23. |
- Gardeström, Elin, 1960-
(författare)
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Losing Control : The emergence of journalism education as an interplay of forces
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 18:4, s. 511-524
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Journalism education in Sweden emerged in the late 1950s after more than 50 years of discussions. This historical process is analyzed in this article as an interplay of forces, where different interest groups tried to shape how journalists were to be educated once the existing apprenticeship system was replaced by journalism schools. Using the work of sociologists Pierre Bourdieu and Margaret Archer, this study closely follows the struggle inside the journalistic field, and between the journalistic field and the academic field and other interest groups, about how journalists were to be trained and by whom. This study reveals how conflicts over journalism education tended to migrate; from who would run a journalism school in the postwar years to the governmental investigations of the 1960s and the prevailing internal conflict between theory and practice at the two national Journalist Institutes in the 1970s. This article discusses what is commonly understood to be the professionalization of journalism. However, from another perspective, it can also be viewed as a trade losing control over its education.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Jacobsson, Diana, 1974
(författare)
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Business Elite Competition or a Common Concern? Journalistic representations of industrial crises in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 19:1, s. 105-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines how mainstream news journalism reported a recent industrial crisis in Sweden (2011) and compares it with the journalistic construction of a similar crisis in the late 1970s. Analysis shows that the one-dimensional news coverage today fails to contextualize the crisis, preferring instead to report the surface drama and exalt the competitiveness of the economic elite. In this oversimplified understanding and construction of a crisis, journalism neglects certain aspects and focuses on matters relating solely to the market. The political and labor perspective highlighted in the crisis coverage of the 1970s is missing in more recent reports. The different voices discussing the causes, characteristics, consequences and solutions of crisis in the industry four decades ago have been replaced by several economic or market experts representing broadly the same perspective; a narrow business understanding of what is at stake, how a crisis can be solved as well as by whom. The class aspect, along with the democratic implications when the interests of the working class and the view of industry as an arena for labor are largely neglected by mainstream news journalism, are highlighted in the study.
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| 26. |
- Jakobsson, Peter, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Trust and the Media : Arguments for the (Irr)elevance of a Concept
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 24:4, s. 479-495
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article provides a discussion of some of the recent research on media trust focusing on arguments for why media trust matters. What are the arguments for why trust is important? Are there reasons to accept these arguments? We identify three distinct arguments in the literature. First, that it is important for media organizations and for the media as an industry. Secondly, that media trust is essential for democratic citizenship and for bringing forth informed individuals with the capacity for political engagement. Lastly, that media trust is similar to other forms of (social) trust and connected to a wider existential discussion on ontological security. None of these arguments are totally convincing when inspected more closely and in light of empirical research. The article thus concludes that there is a lack of strong arguments for why falling levels of trust in the news media are legitimately described as a crisis or a problem. A supposed "trust crisis" mainly exists when viewed from what must be described as a rather narrow ideological and normative perspective.
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| 27. |
- Jakobsson, P., et al.
(författare)
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Trust and the Media : Arguments for the (Irr)elevance of a Concept
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 24:4, s. 479-495
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article provides a discussion of some of the recent research on media trust focusing on arguments for why media trust matters. What are the arguments for why trust is important? Are there reasons to accept these arguments? We identify three distinct arguments in the literature. First, that it is important for media organizations and for the media as an industry. Secondly, that media trust is essential for democratic citizenship and for bringing forth informed individuals with the capacity for political engagement. Lastly, that media trust is similar to other forms of (social) trust and connected to a wider existential discussion on ontological security. None of these arguments are totally convincing when inspected more closely and in light of empirical research. The article thus concludes that there is a lack of strong arguments for why falling levels of trust in the news media are legitimately described as a crisis or a problem. A supposed “trust crisis” mainly exists when viewed from what must be described as a rather narrow ideological and normative perspective.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Johansson, Bengt, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Struggling for the Upper Hand: News sources and crisis communication in a digital media environment
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 19:10, s. 1489-1506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research shows how powerful interests outside the media have the upper hand in the relationship between journalists and sources. This conclusion is sometimes challenged by the fact that journalists might control framing, follow-ups, and the packaging of stories. This article seeks to contribute to the field of journalist–source studies by focusing on aspects of the digital media environment, with a focus on the breakthrough of online media and social media. The purpose of the article is to analyze how external sources, such as public authorities, perceive the power relation to the news media in crisis communication. The empirical data used is semi-structured interviews conducted with 26 communication managers, communication staff, and crisis managers at authorities and nationally owned companies during four societal crises in Sweden in 2012–2014. The public authorities perceive that the digital media environment gives them control of the information flow in relation to journalists. Even if there is a requirement for updated information, the use of channels like the website and social media gives a sense of having the upper hand in relation to journalists. The perception of the journalist–source relation is, however, to some extent varying between different public authorities and types of crisis.
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| 30. |
- Karlsson, Michael, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Cornerstones in Journalism : According to citizens
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 20:8, s. 1-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Journalism's appeal to the public is in decline and the causes and remedies for this are debated in society and academia. One dimension that has garnered attention is that of journalistic norms and how they are performed; it has been proposed that a journalism based on a different, more transparent, normative base can better connect with citizens, compared with the current prevailing norm of journalistic objectivity. However, the opinions of citizens themselves have been remarkably absent and, in order to inform the debate, this study inductively investigates how citizens view and relate to the notion of good journalism. Drawing upon a theoretical framework of Bourdieu's concept of doxa, journalistic role performance, and social contract theory, this study is based on the results of 13 focus groups. The findings suggest that the respondents’ views about good journalism are quite in accordance with the traditional norms of the journalistic field; however, there is more emphasis on stylistic and linguistic qualities. Few calls are made for transparency. The results suggest that a remedy to the decreasing trust in news may not lay in the changing of norms, but rather in how already established norms and values of the journalistic field are performed.
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| 31. |
- Karlsson, Michael, 1970-
(författare)
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Dispersing the opacity of transparency in journalism on the appeal of different forms of transparency to the general public
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 21:13, s. 1795-1814
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the kinds of transparency that appeal to different parts of the public and the extent to which transparency can be a remedy for declining trust in journalism. It uses a representative survey of Swedes, and the results show that there are three distinct forms of transparency, including the previously unreported ambient transparency, and that they appeal to different people. News consumption or social media use has little or no effect on transparency. The strongest positive effect on transparency comes from appreciation of the current quality of journalistic performance, high trust in journalists and media, and having news media and authorities as the preferred channels of information. Those most skeptical about journalism are also least positive about transparency. The results suggest that transparency has very limited reach as a cure for declining trust in, and the trustworthiness of, journalism, possibly since the acts of transparency themselves remain non-transparent.
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| 32. |
- Karlsson, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Freezing the Flow of Online News : Exploring Approaches to the Study of the Liquidity of Online News
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 11:1, s. 2-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to previous research, two characteristics of online news as opposed to traditional news are interactivity and immediacy. However, most research in this area has focused on the news site-level of analysis, and there are only a few studies on how interactivity and immediacy affect online news on the news story-level of analysis. The main reason for this appears to be that the very nature of online news makes observation by traditional research methods, such as quantitative content analysis, problematic. Against this background, the overall purpose of this paper is to explore methodological approaches for the study of interactivity and immediacy on the news story-level of online news. The paper develops a three-pronged strategy for freezing the flow of online news to enable systematic content analyses of interactivity and immediacy, and tests this strategy in a comparative analysis of the online news sites Guardian.co.uk in Britain and Aftonbladet.se in Sweden.
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| 33. |
- Karlsson, Michael, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns and origins in the evolution of multimedia on broadsheet and tabloid news sites : Swedish online news 2005-2010
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Taylor and Francis Online. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 13:4, s. 550-565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This longitudinal study compares the development and implementation of multimedia on Swedish broadsheet and tabloid online news sites between 2005 and 2010. It also seeks the reasons behind these developments by interviewing journalists working on the sites. The results show that the initial implementation of multimedia was slow but increased sharply in pace between 2007 and 2008. By 2010, on average, one in four news items had some element of multimedia attached to them. Furthermore, results show that it was the quality papers that were the quickest off the mark rather than tabloids. The antecedents for this advance seem to be a mix of technological capacities, professional norms and economic needs.
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| 34. |
- Karlsson, Michael, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Recoding Journalism : Establishing Normative Dimensions for a Twenty-First Century News Media
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 24:5, s. 553-572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This essay argues that there are overlooked yet important journalistic beliefs, norms, rules and practices regarding, aesthetics, automation, distribution, engagement, identity, and proximity that could be a part of formalized codes of ethics. There are four reasons why these should be formalized. First, making the implicit normative dimensions explicit allow for a shared understanding of journalism, cutting across institutional borders. Second, it promotes a more unified and homogenized understanding of journalism across the institution based on those shared explicit norms (normative isomorphism). Third, it reduces the fuzziness of these codes and sharpens their functions as boundary objects, simplifying the negotiation between journalists and audiences. Fourth, and finally, these implicit codes might be an untapped resource that could make journalism better connect with citizens and increase its legitimacy. The paper offers two main contributions to journalism studies. First, it shows that elements of journalistic practice and culture that seem disparate in fact play similar institutional roles, forming boundary objects as sites of tension where codes are negotiated by different actors. Second, systematizing these informal codes into the style of traditional codes of ethics renders them more visible and could help journalism scholars understand the uneven formation and evolution of journalistic norms.
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| 35. |
- Karlsson, Michael, 1970-
(författare)
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Rituals of Transparency : Evaluating online news outlets’ uses of transparency rituals in the United States, United Kingdom and Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 11:4, s. 535-545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transparency has been suggested as a new norm in journalism. However, few studies have investigated how the overarching notion of transparency is utilized in everyday news. The purpose of this study is to identify and compare how leading mainstream online news media in the United States, United Kingdom and Sweden make use of transparency techniques in news items. The results show that transparency has begun to affect online news but that current journalism practice is a long way from a fully fledged transparency norm.
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| 36. |
- Karlsson, Michael, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Transparency to the Rescue? : Evaluating citizens’ views on transparency tools in journalism
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Routledge. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; :13, s. 1923-1933
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transparency has emerged as an ethical principle in contemporary journalism and is contended to improve accountability and credibility by journalists and scholars alike. However, to date, few attempts have been made to record the public’s views on transparency. This study enriches current knowledge by using data from an experiment, survey and focus groups in Sweden collected between 2013 and 2015. Overall, the results suggest that the respondents are not particularly moved by transparency in any form; it does not produce much effect in the experiments and is not brought up in the focus groups. While that is the key finding of this study, it should also be noted that various forms of user participation are evaluated negatively, while providing hyperlinks, explaining news selection and framing, and correcting errors are viewed positively. Implications for journalism practice and research are discussed.
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| 37. |
- Karlsson, Michael, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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You ain´t seen nothing yet. : Transparency’s (lack of) Effect on Source and Message Credibility
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 15:5, s. 668-678
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transparency has been proposed to both change the way journalism is being produced and increase its credibility. However, little research has been conducted to assess the connection between transparency and credibility. This study utilizes an experimental setting (N=1320) to measure what impact transparency have on source and message credibility from the user perspective. The results reveals an almost absence of any transparency effect on both source and message credibility although some small significant effects could be observed primarily regarding internal hyperlinks, comments and contextual information. Although further research is desperately needed in this area the study suggest that transparency does not affect the credibility of journalism in the eyes of the contemporary audience and thus have limited appeal as a new norm in journalism.
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| 38. |
- Kibarabara, Joy, et al.
(författare)
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Missionaries of Excellence? Post-award Role Orientations of Journalism Prize Winners
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 4:1, s. 45-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the post-award implications of international prize culture within the journalism profession. Through qualitative interviews with winners of CNN competitions, this paper specifically investigates how news professionals discursively construct the notion of excellence within the space of international award practice, and then how they subsequently perceive their roles in the post-award dispensation. The key findings show that journalists’ understanding of excellence through awards is fluid and based on individual, institutional as well as professional notions of what constitutes par/sub-par journalism. These “bearers of excellence” perceive themselves as promoters of high standards of journalistic practice and champions of normative roles, such as the watchdog role, which fits into the broader mission of the specific institution sponsoring the awards.
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| 39. |
- Kiousis, Spiro, et al.
(författare)
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EXPLORING NEW FRONTIERS OF AGENDA BUILDING DURING THE 2012 US PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION PRE-CONVENTION PERIOD Examining linkages across three levels
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 16:3, s. 363-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Grounded in an agenda-building theoretical perspective, this study explored in depth the relationships between political campaign information subsidies and elite national news media coverage. Specifically, this investigation examined three levels of agenda-building linkages (object, attribute, and network connections) simultaneously during the 2012 US Presidential Election pre-convention period between Barack Obama (Democrat) and Mitt Romney (Republican). A total of 2655 campaign information subsidies and 345 news stories were content analyzed. The results suggest solid support for all three levels of agenda building. Our findings indicate the strongest linkages were at the third level for stakeholder network associations and at the second level for substantive issue frames. Campaign blog posts, press releases, and issue platforms were the most effective agenda-building tools at this phase of the election campaign. The theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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| 40. |
- Koivukoski, Joonas, et al.
(författare)
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Producing Journalistic News Satire : How Nordic Satirists Negotiate a Hybrid Genre
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 21:6, s. 731-747
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Political satire is an elusive hybrid genre that through its evolution over the past two decades has gained both media and scholarly interest. Inspired by American TV shows like Last Week Tonight, a new wave of more journalistic news satire has spread across the world. Studies have scrutinized its contents and effects, but the production side has remained largely uncovered. This study applies the concepts of genre and boundary work to analyze how advocates of this practice relate themselves to news journalism and previous satire. Based on qualitative interviews with 16 key production team members of four topical satire programs, we investigate how Nordic news satirists interpret their aims and work routines. We argue that both Finnish and Swedish news satirists embrace some of the traditional values of journalism such as striving for factuality, political relevance, and monitoring the powerful while they simultaneously aim for more emotional, opinionated, and exaggerated expression than in regular news reporting. The implications of this hybrid, “neomodern” ethos are examined.
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| 41. |
- Kroon Lundell, Åsa, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Interviews as communicative resources in news and current affairs broadcasts
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - Oxfordshire, United Kingdom : Routledge. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 11:1, s. 20-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we quantitatively establish the centrality and importance of interviews in news and current affairs broadcasts. We show how segments of interviews (from soundbites to longer recorded or live question-and-answer interactions) are deployed as communicative resources in the construction and presentation of news in various ways. The data allows for a cross-national comparison in between the UK and Sweden that point to differences in practice between the countries. We argue that our findings may be used to critically examine various conceptualisations of broadcast interviews in general and political interviews in particular. We also show how journalists outnumber politicians as interviewees in the news, a finding that is in need of further exploration from a range of perspectives We also believe that our study provides solid ground on which to base future critical studies of the authority of journalism, dialogical and soundbite journalism, and the alleged fragmentisation of news.
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| 42. |
- Kroon Lundell, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
The complex visual gendering of political women in the press
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - London : Routledge. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 9:6, s. 891-910
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we present an analysis of how gendering is “being done” in press visuals of women in politics. In short, we will argue that women professionals working within the area of politics are gendered and type-cast in more complex ways than previous research has yet shown. In a qualitative analysis of visuals from three different political scandals in Sweden involving prominent political women, we analyse the diversified ways of portraying women in visuals that do not simply reproduce the idea that the gendering of women uncritically correlates with concepts like sexualization, objectification, passivity and otherness. As on-lookers of a professional woman in politics caught in a pressing situation in a photograph, we will argue that at times we may be invited to see her as both an Other and a person with whom we can identify ourselves with. Or a woman may be positioned as an object with a focus on appearance, but not by emphasizing her femininity and sexuality but by doing exactly the reverse. We will also discuss the complexity that is related to the various contextual factors that come into play when press photographers and editors communicatively “work” at accomplishing specific gendered visual “preferred readings”.
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| 43. |
- Krzyzanowski, Michal, 1977-
(författare)
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Europe in Crisis : Discourses on Crisis-Events in the European Press 1956-2006
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 10:1, s. 18-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article proposes a diachronic, empirically founded and qualitative approach to the examination of constructions of a European Public Sphere in Europe's national news media. By focusing on transnational press-reporting of a set of selected Crisis Events in post-war European history (in the period 1956-2006), different discursive representations of "Europe" (and Europe-related normative notions such as, e. g., "European values") are studied to show the diversity and heterogeneity of their nationally specific perceptions. Similar discursive patterns and commonalities in discourses across Europe are highlighted, as are the evolving ways of (re-)constructing the tension between the transnational and the national, in the specifically European context. Within the latter, Europe changes its role in news-media discourse over time-from being an adversary or source of problems for the nation, to becoming the "bearer" of common values for all (or at least several) European nation-states.
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| 44. |
- Larsson, Larsåke
(författare)
-
Journalists and politicians : a relationship requiring manoeuvring space
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - London : Routledge. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 3:1, s. 21-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study attempts to deepen our knowledge of the relationship between journalists and local politicians/officials. The study's primary conclusion is that there is a large degree of interplay between these groups, an observation that reinforces the findings of previous journalistic research. The findings are also in line with recent public relations research arguing that the journalist-politician relationship is governed by certain variables - particularly trust and mutual control - as well as recognising the importance of professional norms. Actors on both sides require manoeuvring space in which they can create and maintain a balance of power in the relationship. The interplay between the two groups results in four types of local journalism - documentation, promotional, watchdog and collaborative journalism.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Lindell, Johan, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Young People, Class and the News : Distinction, socialization and moral sentiments
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Routledge. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 9:14, s. 2042-2061
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Journalism studies almost exclusively rely on a “sociology of integration” perspective when theorizing the social function of journalism. Focus is put on if and how journalism facilitates democratic processes, encourages civic engagement and strengthens the sense of community. In providing an alternative view, this study mobilizes the cultural sociology of Pierre Bourdieu—a “sociologist of conflict”—in order to study how young people’s conditions of existence have given rise to vastly different orientations towards news and the normative order surrounding journalism. Based on focus group interviews with young people in Brazil and Sweden, the study shows that socialization into the world of news in the family and in school generates class-distinctive news orientations. The world of news is a site where social groups draw moral and cultural boundaries against each other. Since different social groups monopolize completely different news practices and preferences, they work to legitimate social differences. As such, the findings challenge common notions of news as creating the “healthy citizen”, and that news media provide spaces for the practice of civility and citizenship.
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| 47. |
- Malling, Milda
(författare)
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Sources that Trigger the News : Multiplexity of Social Ties in News Discovery
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 22:10, s. 1298-1316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study explores how the content of the social ties between journalists and their sources, and the multiplexity of the ties in particular, is reflected in the news discovery practices in the political beat. Some of the news ideas come from publicly available channels while others derive from journalists’ unique networks of social contacts (often to some degree informal). The sources connected to journalists via single vs. multiplex social ties achieve a discursive power (Jungerr et al. 2019) in different ways. The study is based on reconstructed news discovery situations (n = 162) from two different political journalism environments: Lithuania and Sweden, and combines quantitative and qualitative questions. First, it measures the prevalence of the multiplex social ties between journalists and the sources. Second, it analyzes how the multiplexity of these ties is reflected in the process of the news discovery and, third, the outcome—the news content. The results show that the prevalence of multiplex social ties, and the social network behind them, is reflected in what news journalists can access and select as newsworthy. Process-wise, multiplex social ties work as a shortcut but require a balance between maintaining the access to the network and distance to the source.
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| 48. |
- Norbäck, Maria, 1978
(författare)
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Maintaining a Freelance Career: How Journalists Generate and Evaluate Freelance Work
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 23:10, s. 1141-1159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines how journalists generate and evaluate their freelance work to maintain their careers. Based on interviews with 52 Swedish freelancers, it illustrates how they respond to precarious working conditions. By drawing on literature dealing with freelance careers, the study shows how journalists navigate the market in their pursuit of jobs that make their work worthwhile. By means of networking, bundling jobs, blurring boundaries between writing and editing, and being jacks of all trades, they can partially influence which kinds of jobs they are offered, and what kind of work they want to pursue in the future. However, most of these practices function as career maintenance, directing focus and effort at avoiding downward career movement rather than achieving upward mobility. The study thus illustrates the difficulties of achieving career progression as a freelance journalist. The article ends with a discussion concerning the possibilities of journalists organizing to improve their working conditions when freelancing.
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| 49. |
- Nygren, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Journalism in the Crossfire : Media coverage of the war in Ukraine in 2014
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - : Routledge. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 19:7, s. 1059-1078
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- War reporting has mostly been analyzed as a struggle between political and military control over information and journalistic professionalism. An analysis of reporting in mainstream media from the conflict in eastern Ukraine in 2014 shows that many other aspects must also be considered. In a comparative study, mainstream media coverage in four countries, Ukraine, Russia, Poland, and Sweden, was analyzed and interviews were held with journalists in the media included in the content analysis. Findings revealed significant variations in the framing of the conflict, portrayal of actors involved, and word choice across national settings. Interviews with journalists also highlighted crucial differences in approaches and perceptions. Results show that the specific journalistic culture in each country, self-censorship, and the degree of activist approach among journalists similarly play an important role in war reporting. Researchers from all four countries participated in the project.
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| 50. |
- Nygren, Gunnar, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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The Formation of a Professional Identity : Journalism students in different media systems
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journalism Studies. - London och New York : Routledge. - 1461-670X .- 1469-9699. ; 15:6, s. 841-858
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Journalism education plays an important role in the formation of a professional identity. With the results from a survey to 527 journalism students in five countries (Poland, Russia, Sweden, Estonia and Finland) similarities and differences are analysed – motives to become a journalist, competences and character traits, ideals and values and relations to other professional areas as PR and politics. The main question is whether there is a process of homogenization among future journalists as a result of globalization, or whether there still are clear differences connected to history, politics and different media systems. The results shows that it is not possible to talk about one similar professional identity, but rather hybrid forms of professional identities that combine some universal journalistic values with cultural heritage and social/political conditions of the different countries.
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