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1.	Albertsson, Per, 1956, et al. (författare) Morbidity and use of medical resources in patients with chest pain and normal or near-normal coronary arteries. 1997 Ingår i: The American journal of cardiology. - : Excerpta Medica, Inc.. - 0002-9149 .- 1879-1913. ; 79:3, s. 299-304 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract To evaluate morbidity and use of medical resources in patients with chest pain and normal or near-normal coronary angiograms: 2,639 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiograms due to chest pain were registered. Two years thereafter all patients who showed normal or near-normal coronary angiograms were approached with a questionnaire regarding hospitalization during the last 4 years (2 years before and 2 years after angiography). All medical files were also examined. Of the patients who underwent angiography, 163 (6%) had no significant stenoses, and of these, 113 showed complete normal angiograms and 50 showed mild (i.e. <50%) stenoses. During the 2 years before diagnostic angiogram, 66% of the patients were hospitalized compared with only 35% during 2 years after angiography (p <0.001). The reduction in hospitalization was due to curtailed utilization of medical resources for cardiac reasons; mean days in hospital was 6.6 days before angiography versus 2.8 days after (p <0.001). There were no significant differences in hospitalization when comparing patients with mild stenoses and completely normal angiograms. There were, furthermore, no differences between patients with positive or negative exercise tests. Thus, the need for hospitalization is significantly reduced after a diagnostic angiogram reveals normal or near-normal coronary arteries.
2.	Björk, Göran, 1956, et al. (författare) Seasonal oxygen depletion in a shallow sill fjord on the Swedish west coast 2017 Ingår i: Journal of Marine Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-7963 .- 1879-1573. ; 175, s. 1-14 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract During the summer of 2008, oxygen depleted water, between 5 and 12 m depth, was discovered in Sannasfjord on the Swedish west coast. The resulting sediments were black, benthic macrofauna were absent and Beggiatoa bacterial mats were a characteristic feature. This phenomenon, which was observed several years in a row, appears to be a relatively new phenomenon starting in the mid-1980s. In this study we attempt to find the underlying causes by investigating climatic effects (temperature, wind and precipitation), the local supply of nutrients from land, ecosystem change and the supply of organic material from the open Skagerrak. An analysis of long meteorological time series indicates that climatic effects are contributory, but probably not a dominating factor leading to hypoxia. Results from an advection-diffusion model solving for oxygen show that the observed increase in the river supply of nutrients has a high potential to generate hypoxia. Although complex and more difficult to quantify, it appears that ecosystem changes, with higher abundance of filamentous algae, may have played an important role. It is also possible that an enhanced supply of organic material from the open Skagerrak has contributed. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
3.	Abel, Frida, 1974, et al. (författare) Imbalance of the mitochondrial pro- and anti-apoptotic mediators in neuroblastoma tumours with unfavourable biology. 2005 Ingår i: European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 41:4, s. 635-46 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract It has been proposed that a lack of apoptosis plays an important role in neuroblastoma (NB) progression. We therefore screened cDNA array filters, including 198 apoptotic genes, in order to identify mRNA transcripts that are differentially expressed in tumours with unfavourable versus favourable biology. Twenty-one genes were analysed further using real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Significantly lower levels of DNCL1 (PIN; P(c)(corrected) = 0.0054) and NTRK1 (TrkA; P(c) = 0.039) were found in NB tumours with unfavourable biology. In addition, BID, BCL2, APAF1, CASP2, CASP3 and CASP9 were found to be preferentially expressed in tumours with favourable biology, whereas CDKN1A (p21), IL2RA, and MCL1, were found to be preferentially expressed in NB tumours with unfavourable biology. In conclusion, mRNA levels of transcripts encoding pro-apoptotic mediators of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway were found to be expressed to a lower extent in tumours with unfavourable biology. Our data also suggest that the mitochondrial pathway is suppressed in advanced stages of NB tumours, due to an imbalance between anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic mediators which is a finding that may have therapeutic significance.
4.	Alexanderson, Camilla, 1978, et al. (författare) A single early postnatal estradiol injection affects morphology and gene expression of the ovary and parametrial adipose tissue in adult female rats. 2010 Ingår i: The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1220 .- 0960-0760. ; 122:1-3, s. 82-90 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Events during early life can affect reproductive and metabolic functions in adulthood. We evaluated the programming effects of a single early postnatal estradiol injection (within 3h after birth) in female rats. We assessed ovarian and parametrial adipose tissue morphology, evaluated gene expression related to follicular development and adipose tissue metabolism, and developed a non-invasive volumetric estimation of parametrial adipose tissue by magnetic resonance imaging. Estradiol reduced ovarian weight, increased antral follicle size and number of atretic antral follicles, and decreased theca interna thickness in atretic antral follicles. Adult estradiol-injected rats also had malformed vaginal openings and lacked corpora lutea, confirming anovulation. Estradiol markedly reduced parametrial adipose tissue mass. Adipocyte size was unchanged, suggesting reduced adipocyte number. Parametrial adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity was increased. In ovaries, estradiol increased mRNA expression of adiponectin, complement component 3, estrogen receptor alpha, and glucose transporter 3 and 4; in parametrial adipose tissue, expression of complement component 3 was increased, expression of estrogen receptor alpha was decreased, and expression of leptin, lipoprotein lipase, and hormone-sensitive lipase was unaffected. These findings suggest that early postnatal estradiol exposure of female rats result in long-lasting effects on the ovary and parametrial adipose tissue at adult age.
5.	Brann, Ebba, et al. (författare) Declining Well-Being in Young Swedes Born in 1990 Versus 1974 2017 Ingår i: The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1972. ; 60:3, s. 306-312 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Well-being is affected by the environment, including societal changes. In this study, specific dimensions of well-being were compared in two cohorts of Swedish adolescents born 16years apart.Two groups of 18-year-olds, "Grow up Gothenburg" 1974 and 1990 birth cohorts, completed a self-reported questionnaire including the Gothenburg Well-Being in adolescence scale (GWBa). In addition, height and weight were measured, resulting in 4,362 participants (1974 birth cohort) and 5,151 participants (1990 birth cohort) with age, height, weight, and well-being data. The GWBa consists of a total score and five dimensions: mood, physical condition, energy, self-esteem, and stress balance.Total well-being was significantly lower in the later-born cohort, and the greatest difference was seen for the dimension stress balance (feeling calm, unconcerned, unstressed, and relaxed), although effect sizes were modest. In both boys and girls, well-being was lower for all dimensions in the later-born cohort, with the exception of Self-esteem in girls, which was higher in the later-born cohort. In both cohorts, boys reported higher well-being than girls for all dimensions. The mean body mass index z-score was higher in boys from the later-born cohort, but after adjusting for weight status, the differences in well-being between the cohorts persisted.Well-being was lower in the later-born cohort, particularly for the dimension stress balance. Differences were not explained by the shift in weight status indicating that other societal changes have had an impact on well-being levels. Managing high levels of stress might be an area of intervention in adolescents for improved well-being.
6.	Chen, Yun, 1966, et al. (författare) Age- and sex-related differences in vascular function and vascular response to mental stress Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies in a cohort of healthy children and adolescents. 2012 Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 220:1, s. 269-274 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: Limited data, especially from longitudinal studies, are available regarding vascular health assessment in childhood. In this study, we performed longitudinal and cross-sectional studies in healthy children and adolescents to investigate age- and sex-related differences in vascular functions and vascular response to mental stress. Methods: Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured by tonometry. Endothelial function and vascular response to mental arithmetic test were assessed using a peripheral artery tonometry device. Data were obtained in 162 adolescents (mean age of 17 years, 94 girls) in a 3-year follow-up study and 241 children (mean age of 10 years, 115 girls) in a first-time investigation. Physical activity was assessed in adolescents by a self-report questionnaire. Results: Our 3-year follow-up study revealed that the increased PWV was greater in male adolescents (0.79 ± 0.79 m/s) than in females (0.27 ± 0.89 m/s, p < 0.001). Adolescents who reported decreased physical activity over the 3-year period had increased arterial stiffness. Comparing the cross-sectional data, we found that sex-related differences in reactive hyperemic response was more apparent by evaluating the overall response curve than measuring the reactive hyperemic index from one arbitrary time point, with lower peak response and smaller area-under-curve found in boys. Moreover, we found that, in response to mental stress, male adolescents had a more vasoconstrictive response, followed by a less vasodilatory response, and needed longer time to return to baseline level than the females. Conclusion: These findings suggest that boys are likely to have adverse changes in vascular health earlier than the age-matched girls.
7.	Dangardt, Frida, 1977, et al. (författare) Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation improves vascular function and reduces inflammation in obese adolescents. 2010 Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 212:2, s. 580-5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Compared to normal weight adolescents, obese adolescents have lower serum omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations, augmented inflammatory activity and endothelial dysfunction. We wanted to assess whether n-3 supplementation increases the serum n-3 PUFA concentration, improves vascular function and morphology, and lowers inflammation in obese adolescents.
8.	Grossmann, Benjamin, et al. (författare) Rectal ketamine during paediatric burn wound dressing procedures : a randomised dose-finding study 2019 Ingår i: Burns. - : Pergamon Press. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 45:5, s. 1081-1088 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BackgroundWorldwide, ketamine is used during paediatric procedures, but no recommendations are available regarding a suitable dose for rectal administration during procedures involving high levels of pain and/or anxiety such as burn wound dressing change.MethodsWe evaluated three different single doses of rectally administered racemic ketamine mixed with a fixed dose of 0.5 mg/kg of midazolam. In total, 90 children – aged 6 months to 4 years – were randomised 1:1:1 to receive 4 mg/kg (K-4 group), 6 mg/kg (K-6 group) or 8 mg/kg (K-8 group) of racemic ketamine for a maximum of three consecutive procedures. Primary outcome measure was procedural pain evaluated by Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) behavioural scale. Secondary outcome included feasibility and recovery time. Patient safety was evaluated using surrogate outcomes.ResultsIn total, 201 procedures in 90 children aged 19 ± 8 months were completed. The median maximum pain was FLACC 0 in all groups (p = 0.141). The feasibility was better for groups K-6 (p = 0.049) and K-8 (p = 0.027) compared with K-4, and the mean recovery time was the longest for group K-8 (36 ± 22 min) compared with groups K-4 (25 ± 15 min; p = 0.003) and K-6 (27 ± 20 min; p = 0.025). Median maximum sedation measured by the University of Michigan Sedation Scale (UMSS) was higher in group K-8 compared with group K-4 (p < 0.0001) and K-6 (p = 0.023). One child in group K-8 had a study drug-related serious adverse event — laryngospasm/airway obstruction. No rescue analgosedative medication was administered for group K-6.ConclusionsA rectally administered mixture of racemic ketamine (6 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) during paediatric burn dressing procedures with a duration of approximately 30 min provides optimal conditions regarding pain relief, feasibility, recovery time and patient safety, with no need for rescue analgosedative medication.
9.	Kalm, Marie, 1981, et al. (författare) Neurochemical Evidence of Potential Neurotoxicity After Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation. 2014 Ingår i: International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-355X .- 0360-3016. ; 89:3, s. 607-614 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Toexamine whether cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for neuroaxonal damage, neuroglial activation, and amyloid β-related processes could characterize the neurochemical response to cranial radiation.
10.	Björk, Göran, 1956, et al. (författare) Flow of Canadian Basin Deep Water in the Western Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean 2010 Ingår i: Deep Sea Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-0637 .- 1879-0119. ; 57:4, s. 577-586 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The LOMROG 2007 expedition targeted the previously unexplored southern part of the Lomonosov Ridge north of Greenland together with a section from the Morris Jesup Rise to Gakkel Ridge. The oceanographic data shows that Canadian Basin Deep Water (CBDW) passes the Lomonosov Ridge in the area of the Intra Basin close to the North Pole and then continues along the ridge towards Greenland and further along its northernmost continental slope. The CBDW is clearly evident as a salinity maximum and oxygen minimum at a depth of about 2000 m. The cross slope sections at the Amundsen Basin side of the Lomonosov Ridge and further south at the Morris Jesup Rise show a sharp frontal structure higher up in the water column between Makarov Basin water and Amundsen Basin water. The frontal structure continues upward into the Atlantic Water up to a depth of about 300 m. The observed water mass division at levels well above the ridge crest indicates a strong topographic steering of the flow and that different water masses tend to pass the ridge guided by ridge-crossing isobaths at local topographic heights and depressions. A rough scaling analysis shows that the extremely steep and sharply turning bathymetry of the Morris Jesup Rise may force the boundary current to separate and generate deep eddies.
11.	Blomberg, Anders, 1956 (författare) Measuring growth rate in high-throughput growth phenotyping. 2010 Ingår i: Current opinion in biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0429 .- 0958-1669. ; 22:1, s. 94-102 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Growth rate is an important variable and parameter in biology with a central role in evolutionary, functional genomics, and systems biology studies. In this review the pros and cons of the different technologies presently available for high-throughput measurements of growth rate are discussed. Growth rate can be measured in liquid microcultivation of individual strains, in competition between strains, as growing colonies on agar, as division of individual cells, and estimated from molecular reporters. Irrespective of methodology, statistical issues such as spatial biases and batch effects are crucial to investigate and correct for to ensure low false discovery rates. The rather low correlations between studies indicate that cross-laboratory comparison and standardization are pressing issue to assure high-quality and comparable growth-rate data.
12.	Cerenius, Lage, 1956-, et al. (författare) Crayfish immunity : Recent findings 2018 Ingår i: Developmental and Comparative Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0145-305X .- 1879-0089. ; 80, s. 94-98 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Freshwater crayfish is an important commodity as well as a successful model for studies on crustacean immunity. Due to the ease with which they are kept and the available methods for hemocyte separation and culture they have proven to be very useful. Here, recent progress regarding pattern recognition, immune effector production and antiviral mechanisms are discussed. Several cases of functional resemblance between vertebrate complement and the crayfish immune reactions are highlighted.
13.	Cerenius, Lage, 1956-, et al. (författare) High sequence variability among hemocyte-specific Kazal-type proteinase inhibitors in decapod crustaceans 2010 Ingår i: Developmental and Comparative Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0145-305X .- 1879-0089. ; 34:1, s. 69-75 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Crustacean hemocytes were found to produce a large number of transcripts coding for Kazal-type proteinase inhibitors (KPIs). A detailed study performed with the crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus and the shrimp Penaeus monodon revealed the presence of at least 26 and 20 different Kazal domains from the hemocyte KPIs, respectively. Comparisons with KPIs from other taxa indicate that the sequences of these domains evolve rapidly. A few conserved positions, e.g. six invariant cysteines were present in all domain sequences whereas the position of P1 amino acid, a determinant for substrate specificity, varied highly. A study with a single crayfish animal suggested that even at the individual level considerable sequence variability among hemocyte KPIs produced exist. Expression analysis of four crayfish KPI transcripts in hematopoietic tissue cells and different hemocyte types suggest that some of these KPIs are likely to be involved in hematopoiesis or hemocyte release as they were produced in particular hemocyte types or maturation stages only.
14.	Cerenius, Lage, 1956-, et al. (författare) Immune properties of invertebrate phenoloxidases 2021 Ingår i: Developmental and Comparative Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0145-305X .- 1879-0089. ; 122 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Melanin production from different types of phenoloxidases (POs) confers immunity from a variety of pathogens ranging from viruses and microorganisms to parasites. The arthropod proPO expresses a variety of activities including cytokine, opsonin and microbiocidal activities independent of and even without melanin production. Proteolytic processing of proPO and its activating enzyme gives rise to several peptide fragments with a variety of separate activities in a process reminiscent of vertebrate complement system activation although proPO bears no sequence similarity to vertebrate complement factors. Pathogens influence proPO activation and thereby what types of immune effects that will be produced. An increasing number of specialised pathogens - from parasites to viruses - have been identified who can synthesise compounds specifically aimed at the proPO-system. In invertebrates outside the arthropods phylogenetically unrelated POs are participating in melanization reactions obviously aimed at intruders and/or aberrant tissues.
15.	Gustas, Remigijus, 1956-, et al. (författare) Extending Lyee Methodology using the Enterprise Modelling Approach 2002 Ingår i: Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 0922-6389 .- 1879-8314. ; 84, s. 273-288 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
16.	Hohmann, Stefan, 1956 (författare) The Yeast Systems Biology Network: mating communities 2005 Ingår i: Current Opinion in Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0958-1669 .- 1879-0429. ; 16:3, s. 356-360 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Systems biology requires model organisms that allow detailed studies to be performed rapidly, accurately and reproducibly. Such model systems are important driving forces for elucidating the principle properties of biomolecules, for developing general concepts for the quantitative description of living cells, and for generating the computational tools for systems analyses. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae serves as an excellent model system. To coordinate efforts and to bring the yeast research and systems biology communities together, the Yeast Systems Biology Network has recently been started.
17.	Hughes, Diarmaid, 1956-, et al. (författare) The nucleotide sequence of rpsL and its flanking regions in Salmonella typhimurium 1991 Ingår i: Gene. - 0378-1119 .- 1879-0038. ; 104:1, s. 123-124 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The ribosomal protein (r-protein)-encoding gene, rpsL, and regions flanking it, from Salmonella typhimurium, have been sequenced directly from polymerase chain reaction-amplified chromosomal DNA. The deduced amino acid sequence is identical to that of the Escherichia coli rpsL encoded r-protein. At the nucleotide level, the similarity is 98%, suggesting a strong pressure for the conservation of this important protein. More surprisingly, the noncoding sequences surrounding the gene are also conserved at the 98% level, suggesting that they too are functionally important.
18.	Jonasson, Lena, 1956-, et al. (författare) Loss of natural killer cell activity in patients with coronary artery disease 2005 Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 183:2, s. 316-321 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background:: Natural killer (NK) cells are important components of the innate immune system and have a potential role in the regulation of autoimmunity. In the present study, we evaluated the NK cells in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and related the findings to clinical and laboratory parameters of the disease. Methods and results:: We studied 45 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), 50 patients with stable angina and angiographically verified CAD (SA) and 50 healthy controls. The distribution of NK cell subsets was determined by flow cytometry and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity was quantified ex vivo. Both ACS and SA patients had significantly reduced numbers of CD56dim NK cells compared with controls. The patients also exhibited a significant decrease in NK cell activity. The loss in NK cell function was not related to inflammatory activity or metabolic status. Conclusion:: Both stable and unstable conditions of CAD were associated with a redistribution of circulating lymphocytes, comprising a significant reduction of CD56dim NK cells and a concomitant loss of NK cell function. The findings suggest the presence of a persistent immune aberration in CAD patients independent of their clinical setting or systemic inflammatory state. © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
19.	Jonasson, Lena, 1956-, et al. (författare) Natural killer cells in coronary artery disease 2004 Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 4, s. 312-312 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
20.	Juhlin, Christopher, 1956-, et al. (författare) Reflection seismic imaging of the end-glacial Pärvie Fault system, northern Sweden 2010 Ingår i: Journal of Applied Geophysics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-9851 .- 1879-1859. ; 70:4, s. 307-316 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Reflection seismic data were acquired along a c. 23 km long profile over the Pärvie Fault system with a nominal receiver and source spacing of 20 m. An hydraulic breaking hammer was used as a source, generating signals with a penetration depth of about 5–6 km. Steeply dipping reflections from the end-glacial faults are observed, as well as sub-horizontal reflections. The location and orientation of the reflections from the faults agree well with surface geological observations of fault geometries. Reflections from a potential fourth end-glacial fault is observed further to the east along the profile. The more sub-horizontal reflections may originate from gabbroic bodies within the granitic basement or from deeper lying greenstones. Our results indicate that the end-glacial faults dip at moderate to steep dips down to at least 2–3 km depth, and possibly continue at this dip to depths of 6 km. This result has significant implications for determining the state of stress required to activate the faults in the past and in the future.
21.	Juhlin, Christopher, 1956-, et al. (författare) Seismic reflectivity, fracturing and stress field data from the FFC-1 exploratory geothermal project in SW Skåne, Sweden 2022 Ingår i: Geothermics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0375-6505 .- 1879-3576. ; 105 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) are a potential heat source in many parts of the world, even in locations where the temperature gradient is relatively low. We present here an integrated study of reflection seismic data, borehole logs and seismicity analysis performed in conjunction with a geothermal exploratory project operated by E.ON in Malmö, Sweden. In 2020, the pre-existing 2.1 km deep FFC-1 borehole through the sedimentary cover was deepened into the crystalline basement to about 3.1 km vertical depth. Combined interpretation of the reflection seismic data and geophysical wireline logs show that most of the reflectivity in the Precambrian basement is likely generated by lenses of mafic amphibolite embedded in a felsic gneissic matrix. The general structural bedding and foliation is gently dipping to sub-horizontal, similar to other locations in southwest Sweden. Fracture frequency is relatively high in the crystalline rock mass, with heavy fracturing in the uppermost part of the crystalline basement, obscuring a clear reflection from the top of the Precambrian. Highly fractured and hydraulically conductive intervals are also found between 2,562 and 2,695 m based on a temperature drop and the interpretation of the geophysical data. Open fractures, both natural and induced, have a clear N–S orientation, contrasting with the expected NW–SE direction based on the orientation of the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone and earthquake fault plane solutions to the north. This difference may be partly explained by local variations in the stress field near the FFC-1 borehole and vairations in the stress field with depth. Despite this, the data from the FFC-1 well provide novel and unique information on the complex physical state of the crystalline basement on the margin of the Fennoscandian Shield, which further addresses the need for obtaining in-situ stress data to fully understand the local stress field prior to any stimulation. A temperature of 84°C measured at 3 km depth indicates that a desired EGS temperature of 120–140°C may be reached at 5–6 km depth, assuming a temperature gradient of about 20°C. If the relatively high fracture frequency and occurrence of fracture zones down to 3.1 km are also present at these target depths, then the FFC-1 location may be suitable for heat extraction if the rock mass is properly characterized before stimulation.
22.	Karlsson, Marianne, 1956, et al. (författare) Development and implementation of Mobility-as-a-Service : A qualitative study of barriers and enabling factors 2020 Ingår i: Transportation Research, Part A: Policy and Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0965-8564 .- 1879-2375. ; 131, s. 283-295 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) has been argued as part of the solution to prevalent transport problems. However, progress from pilots to large-scale implementation has hitherto been slow. The aim of the research reported in this paper was to empirically and in-depth investigate how, and to what extent, different factors affect the development and implementation of MaaS. A framework was developed, with a basis in institutional theory and the postulation that formal as well informal factors on different analytical levels (macro, meso and micro) must be considered. The research was organised as a multiple case study in Finland and Sweden and a qualitative approach was chosen for data collection and analysis. A number of factors with a claimed impact on the development and implementation of MaaS was revealed. At the macro level, these factors included legislation concerning transport, innovation and public administration, and the presence (or not) of a shared vision for MaaS. At the meso level, (the lack of) appropriate business models, cultures of collaboration, and assumed roles and responsibilities within the MaaS ecosystem were identified as significant factors. At the micro level, people’s attitudes and habits were recognised as important factors to be considered. However, how the ‘S’ in MaaS fits (or not) the transport needs of the individual/household appears to play a more important role in adoption or rejection of MaaS than what has often been acknowledged in previous papers on MaaS. The findings presented in this paper provide several implications for public and private sector actors. Law-making authorities can facilitate MaaS developments by adjusting relevant regulations and policies such as transport-related subsidies, taxation policies and the definition of public transport. Regional and local authorities could additionally contribute to creating conducive conditions for MaaS by, for example, planning urban designs and transport infrastructures to support service-based travelling. Moreover, private actors have key roles to play in future MaaS developments, as both public and private transport services are needed if MaaS is to become a viable alternative to privately owned cars. Thus, the advance of MaaS business models that benefit all involved actors is vital for the prosperity of the emerging MaaS ecosystem.
23.	Kiros, Yohannes, 1956-, et al. (författare) Electrode R&D, stack design and performance of biomass-based alkaline fuel cell module 1999 Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Pergamon Press. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 24, s. 549-564 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Electrode formulations with di}erent materials and manufacturing techniques were tested electrochemically in order to assess their stability and activity in long!term operations. Cathode electrocatalysts such as CoTPP, Ca0.9La0.1MnO3 and Pt-Co alloys were incorporated in high surface area carbons and operated at a constant load of 100 mA cm-2 80C and an electrolyte concentration of 6M KOH. Similarly, anode catalysts with Pt-Pd bimetallic combinations were also tested and ascertained in half!cell measurements. Surface area measurements and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analyses were carried out both before and after the electrochemical test procedures. The electrodes were incorporated into a seven and two cell module design of the external and internal manifolding types and the experiences gained from these design principles are described, respectively. Furthermore, a biomass fed AFC module with all the system descriptions, steps, and a demonstration layout of producer gas to alkaline fuel cell are examined and discussed. Wood charcoal and agro-residues were used as feedstock and as a primary fuel. Power output of the different feedstock in a producer gas fed alkaline fuel cell has the shown potentiality and effciency to be applied as a stand alone power generator.
24.	Nord, Catharina, 1956- (författare) A day to be lived. Elderly peoples' possessions for everyday life in assisted living 2013 Ingår i: Journal of Aging Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0890-4065 .- 1879-193X. ; 27:2, s. 135-142 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study is a qualitative interview study about the household possessions that elderly women and men brought with them when moving into assisted living. The move implied a substantial reduction of their possessions since, in all cases, they had left a larger dwelling than the one they moved to. The study gives a glimpse into the everyday life of the oldest old in assisted living. The things the elderly participants brought were of three types; cherished objects, representations of who they were, and mundane objects. The most important objects indicated by the elderly often belonged to the third type, and were preferred for the significance they had for the everyday life of the individual. These objects revealed a circumscribed but dignified life in their private bed-sitting room, often in solitude, where the elderly individuals pursued various interests and small-scale activities. However, this life was organized and preferred by the individuals themselves, in accordance with the principles of resident autonomy and individual choice that are promoted in assisted living. The author suggests that these self-engaged pursuits can contribute to bridging the gap between disengagement and activity theories. The study results also contribute to making visible the private life of the oldest old in assisted living.
25.	Nord, Catharina, 1956- (författare) Free choice in residential care for older people– a philosophical reflection 2016 Ingår i: Journal of Aging Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0890-4065 .- 1879-193X. ; 37:April, s. 59-68 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Free choice in elderly care services is a debated issue. Using the theoretical support of philosophers of free will, this paper explores free choice in relocation to residential care. The three dominant perspectives within this field of philosophy, libertarianism, determinism and compatibilism, are applied from the perspective of the older individual to the process of moving. Empirical data were collected through qualitative interviews with 13 older individuals who had recently moved into residential care. These individuals had made the choice to move following either a health emergency or incremental health problems. In a deterministic perspective they had no alternative to moving, which was the inevitable solution to their various personal problems. A network of people important to them assisted in the move, making the choice possible. However, post-move the interviewees’ perspective had changed to a libertarian or compatibilist interpretation, whereby although the circumstances had conferred little freedom regarding the move, the interviewees reported a high degree of self-determination in the process. It appeared that in order to restore self-respect and personal agency, the older individuals had transformed their restricted choice into a choice made of free will or freer will.
26.	Pettersson, Håkan, 1956-, et al. (författare) Anthropogenic radionuclides in sediments in the NW Pacific Ocean and its marginal seas. 1999 Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 237, s. 213-238 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
27.	Pettersson, Håkan, 1956-, et al. (författare) Summary of IAEA-MEL's investigation of Kara Sea radioactivity and radiological assessment 1997 Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 35:7-12, s. 235-241 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract IAEA-MEL participated in five expeditions to the Kara Sea with the aim of assessing the radiological consequences of dumped radioactive wastes in the Novaya Zemlya Bays and Trough. The programme included sampling, in-situ underwater investigations, laboratory analyses of water, sediment and biota samples, the development of a marine radioactivity database, modelling and radiological assessment, the organization of intercomparison exercises and the evaluation of distribution coefficients. Radiometric investigations have shown that no radiologically significant environmental contamination has occurred. Leakages which have led to locally increased levels of radionuclides in sediment have only been observed in Stepovoy and Abrosimov Bays. Computer modelling results suggest that only radiological effects on local and regional scales may be of importance. The global radiological impact of the disposals in the Arctic Seas will be negligible.
28.	Pyddoke, Roger, 1956-, et al. (författare) Distributional effects from policies for reduced CO2-emissions from car use in 2030 2021 Ingår i: Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1361-9209 .- 1879-2340. ; 101 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We analyze the distributional effects, from car use and car choice adaptation to three car-related policy instruments intended to reduce CO2 emissions in Sweden to 2030: fossil-fuel taxes, a bonus-malus system for new cars, and mandated biofuel blending. The results show that even with a fast introduction of plug-in electric vehicles, many fossil cars remain, which has important distributional consequences. The fuel tax and the bonus-malus scenarios impose further burdens compared to the reference scenario. The fraction of each population group incurring substantial welfare losses is higher the lower the income. In 2030, the highest-income group can avoid some adaptation costs by their car choice. In all scenarios rural areas bear the largest burden, smaller urban areas the second largest burden, and the largest urban areas the smallest burden. Thus, individuals with high incomes and inhabitants in urban areas appear to have more opportunities to adapt and avoid welfare losses.
29.	Sjöberg, Folke, 1956-, et al. (författare) The impact and validity of the Berlin criteria on burn-induced ARDS : Examining mortality rates, and inhalation injury influences. A single center observational cohort study. 2024 Ingår i: Burns. - : Elsevier. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 50:6, s. 1528-1535 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: As several recent studies have shown low mortality rates in burn injury induced ARDS early (≤7 days) after the burn, the Berlin criteria for the ARDS diagnosis in this setting may be disputed. Related to this issue, the present study investigated the incidence, trajectory and risk factors of early Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and outcome in burn patients, as per the Berlin criteria, along with the concurrent prevalence and influence of inhalation injury, and ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP).METHODS: Over a 2.5-year period, burn patients with Total Burn Surface Area (TBSA) exceeding 10% admitted to a national burn center were included. The subgroup of interest comprised patients with more than 48 h of ventilatory support. This group was assessed for ARDS, inhalation injury, and VAP.RESULTS: Out of 292 admissions, 62 sustained burns > 10% TBSA. Of these, 28 (45%) underwent ventilatory support for over 48 h, almost all, 24 out of 28, meeting the criteria for ARDS early, within 7 days post-injury and with a PaO2/FiO2 (PF) ratio nadir at day 5. The mortality rate for this early ARDS group was under 10%, regardless of PF ratios (mean TBSA% 34,8%). Patients with concurrent inhalation injury and early ARDS showed significantly lower PF ratios (p < 0.001), and higher SOFA scores (p = 0.004) but without impact on mortality. Organ failure, indicated by SOFA scores, peaked early (day 3) and declined in the first week, mirroring PF ratio trends (p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The low mortality associated with early ARDS in burn patients in this study challenges the Berlin criteria's for the early ARDS diagnosis, which for its validity relies on that higher mortality is linked to worsening PF ratios. The finding suggests alternative mechanisms, leading to the early ARDS diagnosis, such as the significant impact of inhalation injury on early PF ratios and organ failure, as seen in this study. The concurrence of early organ failure with declining PF ratios, supports, as expected, the hypothesis of trauma-induced inflammation/multi-organ failure mechanisms contributing to early ARDS. The study highlights the complexity in differentiating between the contributions of inhalation injury to early ARDS and the related organ dysfunction early in the burn care trajectory. The Berlin criteria for the ARDS diagnosis may not be fully applicable in the burn care setting, where the low mortality significantly deviates from that described in the original Berlin ARDS criteria publication but is as expected when considering the actual not very extensive burn injury sizes/Baux scores as in the present study.
30.	Sjöberg, Folke, 1956-, et al. (författare) Utility of an intervention scoring system in documenting effects of changes in burn treatment 2000 Ingår i: Burns. - : Elsevier. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 26:6, s. 553-559 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The consequences of the introduction of a program of consistent use of topical antimicrobials and early aggressive excision of deep burn wounds by utilizing a comprehensive, computerized patient registry/therapeutic intervention scoring system, were investigated. Prospectively, the clinical course, mortality, outcome and hospital costs were compared for the year preceding (89 patients) and the 4 years following (226 patients) the introduction of the new treatment program. It was found that mortality decreased from 10.1 to 4.6% after change in therapy (P < 0.001), despite an increase in mean burn extent. The length of hospital stay per % burn surface area declined from 1.2 to 1.0 days (P < 0.001). The number and complexity of therapeutic interventions and the associated costs, also declined. Patients in the new treatment program had a better level of physical and psychosocial function at follow up. In conclusion, the introduction of a program of consistent use of topical antimicrobials and early, aggressive surgical excision was associated with an improved outcome at lesser cost. The combined registry-intervention scoring system permits ready analysis of results using data entered on a daily, near-real time basis.
31.	Söder, Lennart, 1956-, et al. (författare) A review of demand side flexibility potential in Northern Europe 2018 Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 91, s. 654-664 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract The number of regional and national power systems with a high share of wind and solar power in the world is quickly increasing. The background for this development is improved technology, decreasing costs, and increased concern regarding environmental problems of competing technologies such as fossil fuels. For the future there are large possibilities for increasing the renewable electricity share. However, variable renewable power production has to be balanced. Demand side flexibility offers an interesting approach to the balancing issues. The aim of this paper is to compare flexibility potentials and how they were estimated in seven Northern European countries in order to compare general challenges and results as well as the connection between used method and results. The total flexibility is estimated to 12–23 GW in a system with a total peak load of 77 GW.
32.	Öberg, Tomas, 1956-, et al. (författare) Brominated aromatics from combustion 1987 Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 16:10-12, s. 2451-2465 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The production of brominated aromatics from combustion was shown to be influenced by the operating conditions. Brominated aromatics also showed high yields compared to their chlorinated analogues.
33.	Öberg, Tomas, 1956-, et al. (författare) Catalytic effects by metal oxides on the formation and degradation of chlorinated aromatic compounds in fly ash. 2008 Ingår i: Chemosphere. - Oxford : Pergamnon Press. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 71:6, s. 1135-43 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Polychlorinated benzenes, dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), and dibenzofurans (PCDF) may be formed below the combustion temperature in fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI). Copper catalyzes this formation, possibly by the Deacon reaction. Many other elements are also Deacon catalysts or promoters, and here we report results from a statistically designed experiment with 15 metal oxides added to fly ash and heated at 300 degrees C for 2h in an air atmosphere. A resolution IV fractional factorial design with four replicates was completed in 36 runs with the oxides of magnesium, yttrium, titanium, vanadium, niobium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, and tin. All samples were analyzed for chlorinated benzenes and the results were evaluated by analysis of variance. The addition of copper significantly increased the amounts of the chlorinated benzenes, while cobalt, chromium and vanadium decreased the net formation. The oxides of zinc and iron seemed to have a slightly positive and negative effect respectively. The findings in this study seem to corroborate our previously reported results regarding the different catalytic effects of copper and chromium, and lack of a significant effect by nickel. Besides chromium, it also identifies cobalt and vanadium as potent catalysts for oxidative degradation of the chlorinated aromatic compounds found in MSWI fly ash.
34.	Öberg, Tomas, 1956-, et al. (författare) Chlorinated aromatics from metallurgical industries : Process factors influencing production and emissions 1989 Ingår i: Chemosphere. - Oxford : Pergamon Press. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 19:1-6, s. 711-716 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The emission and production of chlorinated aromatics from metallurgical industries, e g scrap-metal re-melting, show substantial variations due to a number of process factors. The data evaluated indicates clearly that the production of chlorinated aromatics is combustion controlled.
35.	Öberg, Tomas, 1956-, et al. (författare) Chlorinated aromatics from the combustion of hazardous waste 1985 Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 14:2, s. 215-221 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The production and emission of chlorinated aromatics from a hazardous waste incinerator were shown to be influenced by the operating conditions. The emissions of chlorinated benzenes, PCDD and PCDF show statistically significant correlations to the chlorine input. Different substance groups also correlate, and the results presented correspond well with a general formation mechanism of chlorophenols via chlorobenzenes as indicated by others.
36.	Öberg, Tomas, 1956-, et al. (författare) Combustion test data from a Swedish hazardous waste incinerator 1986 Ingår i: Chemosphere. - Oxford : Pergamon Press. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 15:9-12, s. 2045-2048 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Here we present results from our tests with PCB-incineration at the SAKAB hazardous waste incinerator in Norrtorp, Sweden. Combustion tests were made with PCB both as a fluid (Arochlor 1242) and as a contaminant of solid waste (Arochlor 1016 in capacitors). A general conclusion was that the incineration of considerable amounts of PCB did not effect the production of PCDD and PCDF in this combustion plant.
37.	Öberg, Tomas, 1956-, et al. (författare) Dioxins from Scandinavian waste combustion plants 1986 Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 15:9-12, s. 2041-2044 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A large quantity of emission data for PCDD and PCDF have been reported to date. Less information is available concerning the controlling parameters for the production of chlorinated aromatics from waste combustion. Here we report results and conclusions from investigations carried out in the Scandinavian countries to date.
38.	Öberg, Tomas, 1956-, et al. (författare) Emission and chlorination pattern of PCDD/PCDF predicted from indicator parameters 1987 Ingår i: Chemosphere. - Oxford : Pergamon Press. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 16:6, s. 1221-1230 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The emission and chlorination pattern of polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans from waste combustion shows a close covariation with that of chlorinated benzenes and phenols. This covariation can be utilized to predict the emission levels of specific isomers as well as the pattern of congeners.
39.	Öberg, Tomas, 1956- (författare) Halogenated aromatics from steel production : results of a pilot-scale investigation 2004 Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 56:5, s. 441-448 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The potential environmental impact of emissions of halogenated aromatics from the steel industry is of growing concern. It has been suggested that electric arc furnaces are the only industrial source with constant or increasing emissions of dioxins to air. Here the results are reported from a pilot plant study on how scrap composition and various treatment alternatives affect the formation and release of chlorinated and brominated aromatics. The experiments were conducted with a statistical mixture design, and it is shown that scrap composition has a significant impact on the outcome. In contrast, the various treatment schemes examined--shredding, disassembly, and briquetting--did not affect the formation and release of halogenated aromatics. Parallel experiments with injection of adsorbents showed that it is possible to reduce emissions without substantial investments, and this option is recommended as a low-cost solution.
40.	Öberg, Tomas, 1956-, et al. (författare) Hexachlorobenzene as an indicator of dioxin production from combustion 1985 Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 14:8, s. 1081-1086 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The production of polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans shows a strong correlation with the production of hexachlorobenzene. Hexachlorobenzene can be used as an indicator for the production of chlorinated aromatics.
41.	Öberg, Tomas, 1956-, et al. (författare) Indicator Parameters for PCDD/PCDF 1989 Ingår i: Chemosphere. - Oxford : Pergamon Press. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 19:1-6, s. 337-344 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Relations between different chlorinated aromatics have been evaluated in 66 samples from various industrial activities. For municipal waste combustion partial least squares modelling with latent variables (PLS) can explain 86 % of the variance in PCDD/PCDF from the isomerspecific analytical data for chlorinated benzenes and phenols.
42.	Öberg, Tomas, 1956- (författare) Low-temperature formation and degradation of chlorinated benzenes, PCDD and PCDF in dust from steel production. 2007 Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 382:1, s. 153-158 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Dust from thermal processes may catalytically enhance the formation of chlorinated aromatic compounds under oxygen-rich conditions. The activities of two dust samples from electric arc furnaces and one from iron ore-based steelmaking (oxygen converter) were investigated in a laboratory experiment. The dust samples were heated at 300 degrees C for 2 h in an air atmosphere. The concentrations of chlorinated benzenes did not change greatly upon heating, while the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans decreased. The addition of copper in parallel runs resulted in a substantial increase in the concentration of chlorinated benzenes, thus indicating that the experimental setup was suitable for the evaluation of low-temperature catalysis. The outcome of the experiment seems to suggest that results cannot easily be extrapolated between different thermal and metallurgical processes. Some measures to reduce emissions, such as inhibition of catalytic activity and rapid cooling, could possibly be counterproductive when applied to off-gases from the steelmaking processes investigated here.
43.	Öberg, Tomas, 1956-, et al. (författare) Metal catalyzed formation of chlorinated aromatic compounds : a study of the correlation pattern in incinerator fly ash. 2007 Ingår i: Chemosphere. - Oxford : Pergamon Press. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 67:9, s. S185-S190 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Chlorinated aromatics are unintentionally formed and released from combustion and other thermal processes involving organic matter and chlorine. The catalytic activity of incinerator fly ash in the low-temperature formation of chlorinated aromatics has been demonstrated in both laboratory experiments and full-scale trials. Copper has been shown to be an effective catalyst, but several other transition metals possess a similar activity. Here results are reported from a series of full-scale combustion trials with different fractions of household and industrial wastes, with waste from forestry as a reference fuel. The composition of elements and chlorinated aromatics in the fly ash was evaluated with principal component analysis and partial least squares regression. The observed correlation pattern indicates that metals other than copper are of equal importance for the catalytic activity. Chromium and nickel are two of these metals, which may contribute to the de novo formation of chlorinated benzenes, phenols, PCDD and PCDF.
44.	Öberg, Tomas, 1956-, et al. (författare) Production of chlorinated aromatics in the post-combustion zone and boiler 1989 Ingår i: Chemosphere. - Oxford : Pergamon Press. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 19:1-6, s. 317-322 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The production of halogenated aromatics has been investigated in the SAKAB hazardous waste incinerator, Norrtorp, Sweden. The measurement results show that there is a substantial net production of chlorinated aromatics in the boiler.
45.	Nilsson, Kjell-Åke, 1956- (författare) Detecting post-operative change in gait function using principal component analysis in subjects with cerebral palsy 2006 Ingår i: Gait & Posture. - : Elsevier. - 0966-6362 .- 1879-2219. ; 24, s. 152-153 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Principal components analysis is a multivariate statistical method that has been used in gait analysis. One example of use of the method is the production of The Gillette Gait Index. This index, indicating normality in gait function, has been presented and validated by previous authors. According to suggestions made by these authors, the index could potentially be used to evaluate change in gait function after surgical intervention in subjects with cerebral palsy. The Gillette Gait Index was calculated using principal components analysis for nineteen individuals with cerebral palsy (5 hemiplegics, 13 diplegics and 1 quadriplegic; mean age 16 years, range 10-31 years) in a retrospective study. The change in index value per individual from the pre- to the postoperative situations was compared to the evaluation of change made by an experienced clinician. Agreement was evaluated using Cohen´s kappa ( k ), resulting in a value of k=0.406, which is usually considered to be a fair to moderate level of agreement.
46.	Prignitz Sluys, Kerstin, 1956-, et al. (författare) Health related quality of life and return to work after minor extremity injuries : A longitudinal study comparing upper versus lower extremity injuries 2016 Ingår i: Injury. - : Elsevier. - 0020-1383 .- 1879-0267. ; 47:4, s. 824-831 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract PURPOSE: To investigate the impact on health related quality of life (HRQL) during the first year after minor extremity injury and to determine whether there is a difference in recovery patterns and return to work between upper extremity injuries (UEI) and lower extremity injuries (LEI).METHOD: A total of 181 adults' age 18 years or older randomly selected from patients admitted to an emergency department with minor injuries were studied. HRQL was measured using the Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ) at 1-2 weeks, 3, 6, and 12-months post-injury. Pre-injury FSQ scores were measured retrospectively at admission. A quasi-least square (QLS) model was constructed to examine differences of FSQ scores at each measuring point for UEI and LEI.RESULTS: Fractures of the knee/lower leg (25%) were the most frequently injured body area. Slips or falls (57%) and traffic-related events (22%) were the most common injury causes. The mean ISS was 4.2 (SD 0.86). Both groups had significant declines in the FSQ scores physical and social functioning at 1-2 weeks after injury. Patients with UEI made larger improvements in the first 3 months post-injury versus patients with LEI whose improvements extended over the first 6 months. None of the groups reached the pre-injury FSQ scores during the first post-injury year except in the subscale work performance where UEI exceeded the pre-injury scores. At 12 months post-injury, significant lower FSQ scores remained in the LEI group compared to the UEI group in intermediate activities of daily living (p=0.036, d 0.4) and work performance (p=0.004, d 0.7). The return to work at 3 months and 12 months were 76% and 88% for UEI and 58% and 77% for LEI. No significant differences were found between groups in the FSQ scale mental health and social interaction.CONCLUSIONS: LEI had the highest impact on HRQL and return to work during the first year which exceeded the consequences of UEI. These findings contribute to the information about the consequences of injury in order to give sufficient prognostic information to patients and different stakeholders. Future investigations should aim to investigate specific minor extremity injuries and identify factors that facilitate recovery and return to work.
47.	Sibum, H. Otto, 1956- (författare) Reworking the Mechanical Value of Heat : Instruments of Precision and Gestures of Accuracy in Early Victorian England 1995 Ingår i: Studies in history and philosophy of science. - 0039-3681 .- 1879-2510. ; :26/ 1, s. 73-106 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
48.	Abdelrahman, Islam, 1982-, et al. (författare) Development of delirium : Association with old age, severe burns, and intensive care 2020 Ingår i: Burns. - : Elsevier. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 46:4, s. 797-803 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background Delirium is defined as a disturbance of attention and awareness that develops over a short period of time, is a change from the baseline, and typically fluctuates over time. Burn care involves a high prevalence of known risk factors for delirium such as sedation, inflammation, and prolonged stay in hospital. Our aim was to explore the extent of delirium and the impact of factors associated with it for adult patients who have been admitted to hospital with burns. Methods In this retrospective study, all adult patients who had been admitted with burns during a four-year period were studied, including both those who were treated with intensive care and intermediate care only (no intensive care). Daily records of the assessment of delirium using the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC) were analysed together with age, sex, the percentage of total body surface area burned, operations, and numbers of wound care procedures under anaesthesia, concentrations of plasma C-reactive protein, and other clinical variables. Logistic regression was used to analyse factors that were associated with delirium and its effect on mortality, and linear regression was used to analyse its effect on the duration of hospital stay. Results Fifty-one patients (19%) of the total 262 showed signs of delirium (Nu-DESC score of 2 or more) at least once during their stay in hospital. Signs of delirium were recorded in 42/89 patients (47%) who received intensive care, and in 9/173 (5%) who had intermediate care. Independent factors for delirium in the multivariable regression were: age over 74 years; number of operations and wound care procedures under anaesthesia; and the provision of intensive care (area under the curve 0.940, 95% CI 0.899â€“0.981). Duration of hospital stay, adjusted for age and burn size, was 13.2 (95% CI 7.4â€“18.9, p < 0.001) days longer in the group who had delirium. We found no independent effects of delirium on mortality. Conclusion We found a strong association between delirium and older age, provision ofr intensive care, and number of interventions under anaesthesia. A further 5% of patients who did not receive intensive care also showed signs of delirium, which is a finding that deserves to be thoroughly investigated in the future.
49.	Abdelrahman, Islam, 1982-, et al. (författare) Lidocaine infusion has a 25% opioid-sparing effect on background pain after burns : A prospective, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial 2020 Ingår i: Burns. - : Elsevier. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 46:2, s. 465-471 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BackgroundThe pain of a burn mainly results from the inflammatory cascade that is induced by the injured tissue, and is classified as background, breakthrough, procedural and postoperative pain. High doses of opioids are usually needed to treat background pain, so its management includes a combination of types of analgesia to reduce the side effects. Lidocaine given intravenously has been shown in two small, uncontrolled studies to have an appreciable effect on pain after burns.ObjectivesIn this prospective double-blind controlled trial we aimed to examine and quantify the opioid-sparing effect of a continuous infusion of lidocaine for the treatment of background pain during the early period after a burn.MethodsAdult patients injured with burns of >10 total body surface area burned (TBSA%) and treated with a morphine based patient-controlled analgesia device (PCA) were randomised to have either lidocaine infusion starting with a bolus dose (1 mg lidocaine/kg) followed by continuous infusion (180 mg lidocaine/hour) or a placebo infusion, for seven consecutive days. Total daily consumption of opioids (mg) and amount of pain (visual analogue score, VAS) were recorded.ResultsWe included 19 patients, 10 of whom were given a lidocaine infusion. There were no differences between groups in VAS, TBSA%, time of enrolment to the study since the initial burn, or duration of hospital stay. The opioid consumption in the lidocaine group declined by roughly 25% during the period of the study.ConclusionAn intravenous infusion of lidocaine was safe and had an opioid-sparing effect when treating background pain in burns.
50.	Abdelrahman, Islam, 1982-, et al. (författare) Use of the burn intervention score to calculate the charges of the care of burns 2019 Ingår i: Burns. - : Elsevier. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 45:2, s. 303-309 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background To our knowledge this is the first published estimate of the charges of the care of burns in Sweden. The LinkÃ¶ping Burn Interventional Score has been used to calculate the charges for each burned patient since 1993. The treatment of burns is versatile, and depends on the depth and extension of the burn. This requires a flexible system to detect the actual differences in the care provided. We aimed to describe the model of burn care that we used to calculate the charges incurred during the acute phase until discharge, so it could be reproduced and applied in other burn centres, which would facilitate a future objective comparison of the expenses in burn care. Methods All patients admitted with burns during the period 2010â€“15 were included. We analysed clinical and economic data from the daily burn scores during the acute phase of the burn until discharge from the burn centre. Results Total median charge/patient was US$ 28 199 (10thâ€“90th centiles 4668-197 781) for 696 patients admitted. Burns caused by hot objects and electricity resulted in the highest charges/TBSA%, while charges/day were similar for the different causes of injury. Flame burns resulted in the highest mean charges/admission, probably because they had the longest duration of stay. Mean charges/patient increased in a linear fashion among the different age groups. Conclusion Our intervention-based estimate of charges has proved to be a valid tool that is sensitive to the procedures that drive the costs of the care of burns such as large TBSA%, intensive care, and operations. The burn score system could be reproduced easily in other burn centres worldwide and facilitate the comparison regardless of the differences in the currency and the economic circumstances.

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