| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Bourelos, Evangelos, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the complexity facing academic entrepreneurs in science and engineering : the complementarities of research performance, networks and support structures in commercialisation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cambridge Journal of Economics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0309-166X .- 1464-3545. ; 36:3, s. 751-780
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relative importance, and specific role, of academic entrepreneurship in society has long focused upon productivity in terms of the commercialisation of research. Public policy is an instrument used in different countries to stimulate start-up companies, including attempts to influence national institutions, university structures and the incentives for individual researchers. This paper contributes with an analysis of Sweden, which has retained the 'professor's privilege', whereby the individual retains inventor rights and can choose to allocate ownership rights. The descriptive results of the survey revealed that academics have positive attitudes to commercialisation and relatively satisfactory commercialisation output. This paper examines the complementarities of research performance, networks and support structure in explaining commercialisation amongst university researchers in science and engineering in Sweden. The results show that publishing is positively correlated with commercialisation and that support structures play an important role through technology transfer offices, courses and incubators. The paper ends by using these results in order to discuss the implications for public policy.
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| 3. |
- Caldas, Jose Castro, et al.
(författare)
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Rethinking economics : the potential contribution of the classics
- 2007
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Ingår i: Cambridge Journal of Economics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0309-166X .- 1464-3545. ; 31:1, s. 25-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mainstream views only admit two solutions to social order-separation and coercion. Understanding why association, as a principle of order came to be excluded calls for an incursion into the history of economic ideas. Association was dismissed because it depends on commitment-a human capacity that cannot be accommodated within the rational choice framework. The classics were aware of that. We argue that rational choice, as it was originally conceived, was not meant to be applied to contexts charged with moral force and social dilemmas. We next highlight sympathy in the work of Adam Smith as the basis for normative commitment and association. Finally, we discuss association in the light of several classic contributions and stress the relevance of these contributions to present-day debates and socio-economic challenges.
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| 4. |
- Daoud, Adel, 1981
(författare)
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Synthesizing the Malthusian and Senian approaches on scarcity: a realist account
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cambridge Journal of Economics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0309-166X .- 1464-3545. ; 42:2, s. 453-476
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Food entitlement decline (FED) and food availability decline (FAD) are two approaches to explaining famines that have different policy implications. One focuses on the systemic level, whereas the other is concerned with the individual level. They therefore analyse relatively distinct causal mechanisms. Thus, an important question is whether these approaches can be reconciled. Another related question is how FAD- and FED-based explanations relate to classical Malthusian views about rapid food requirement increase (FRI). This paper analyses these questions and argues that these three approaches can indeed be reconciled within a single framework by outlining the causal sources of FAD, FED and FRI. This task requires, among other things, the separation of ontological categories and empirical measures. As a consequence of this argument, the paper suggests that there are only seven possible ontological combinations of how a famine situation can arise as a direct cause. Simultaneously, it maintains that there are virtually an infinite number of ways in which these combinations may act as indirect causes (rooted in economic, political and social conditions). The analysis is exemplified by the Bengal famine of 1943 because that famine is a well-known case. The wider research and policy applicability of this general account are discussed but have yet to be tested in relation to other scarcity cases (water, land, fish). This synthesis is made possible by the incorporation of critical realist interventions into economic theory.
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| 5. |
- Deiaco, Enrico, et al.
(författare)
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Universities as Strategic Actors in the Knowlege Economy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cambridge Journal of Economics. - 1464-3545 .- 0309-166X. ; 36:3, s. 525-541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The university plays a particular role in the global knowledge economy, as provider of both public and private goods related to education, research, and societal impacts. At the same time, universities in the plural play many different roles, and exhibit a rich experimentation in organizational forms and knowledge foci, adapting to local and global conditions. There is also an aspect of uneven regional development and agglomeration of competencies, as the individuals and organizations must also balance local interests and stakeholders with global networks in science, technology and innovation. Thus, we can identify empirically that universities are changing their strategies, organizational structures and competencies, in order to respond to new external demands and internal management practices (Bonaccorsi and Daraio 2007). The question is how to explain this theoretically and identify empirical trends and pathways. Little previous research has focused upon how universities are learning to compete and why they try to act strategically. This article, as well as the selected articles in the special issue, focus upon how and why this transition is occurring as well as the impacts for understanding universities as strategic actors in the knowledge economy. Section 2 provides an overview. It introduces the three themes and articles collected in this special issue, providing a summary of the main contributions. Section 3 then provides our perspective on how to analyze and understand universities as strategic actors. It discusses relevant literature, as a way of beginning to provide our perspective of the necessity, and elements involved, in a more united theoretical and empirical understanding. This includes statement of predictions, as well as empirical evidence that these trends are occurring. Section 4 concludes with relevant research themes for the future
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| 6. |
- Erixon, Lennart
(författare)
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Is Firm Renewal Stimulated by Negative Shocks? The Status of Negative Driving Forces in Schumpeterian and Darwinian Economics
- 2016
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Ingår i: Cambridge Journal of Economics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0309-166X .- 1464-3545. ; 40:1, s. 93-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The idea that firms are more innovative under difficult external condition has no prominent place in evolutionary economics. The neo-Schumpeterians agree with Schumpeter that innovation is stimulated by positive driving forces and associated with industrial renewal through creative destruction. Also Darwinian economists shed light on opportunity factors (variation) and selection. On the other hand, in neoclassical Schumpeterian models, fierce competition and low product demand may enforce innovation and productivity increases in established firms. An orthodox Schumpeterian tradition even maintains that innovation in depression is the cause of the following recovery. But the orthodox Schumpeterians are as reluctant as the neoclassical Schumpeterians to elaborate the underlying psychological mechanism. In the theory of transformation pressure, firms facing an actual decline in profit are supposed to be more creative and rational, or at least more anxious to follow near-rational heuristic rules, having a positive effect as a possible over-reaction on innovation and productivity growth
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| 7. |
- Erixon, Lennart
(författare)
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Progressive supply-side economics : an explanation and update of the Rehn-Meidner model
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cambridge Journal of Economics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0309-166X .- 1464-3545. ; 42:3, s. 653-697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Rehn-Meidner model is a unique economic- and wage-policy program for the simultaneous achievement of full employment, price stability, growth and equality. This article presents, specifies and develops the model's underlying macroeconomic theory. The Rehn-Meidner theory is a synthesis between a flex-price Kaldorian model of profit margins and a Kaleckian model where profit margins are squeezed under full-employment conditions. The theory deviates from both the Kaldorian and Kaleckian models by stressing the importance of low profit margins for productivity growth. Moreover, in the Rehn-Meidner program, full employment is guaranteed irrespective of the level of aggregate demand. The Rehn-Meidner theory and policy deserve a prominent place in macroeconomics even in the age of globalization and financialization. However, some weaknesses of the model make it necessary to modify the arguments for and partly the composition of its policy program.
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| 8. |
- Gustafsson, Björn, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Top incomes in Sweden over three-quarters of a century: a micro data approach
- 2008
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Ingår i: Cambridge Journal of Economics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0309-166X .- 1464-3545. ; 32:6, s. 963-976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to throw light on the development of top incomes in Sweden as well as the causes for change. Using household income data we show that since the first half of the 1980s, real income at the top of the distribution has developed more favourably than for other groups. This contrasts with the changes which occurred prior to the 1980s. Reasons for the rise in the top income share are several: the development of stock prices, tax reform, and the labour market change of top wages increasing more rapidly than others.
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| 9. |
- Hodgson, Geoffrey M.
(författare)
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Thorstein Veblen and post-Darwinian economics
- 1992
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Ingår i: Cambridge Journal of Economics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0309-166X .- 1464-3545. ; 16:3, s. 285-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The state advances, the private sector retreats? Firm effects of China's great stimulus programme
- 2016
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Ingår i: Cambridge Journal of Economics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy E - Oxford Open Option D. - 1464-3545 .- 0309-166X. ; 40:6, s. 1635-1668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been argued that the state sector is advancing at the cost of the private sector in China. To examine this issue, we conduct an empirical analysis in which we exploit the launch of a large stimulus programme in the autumn of 2008. We find that state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are better able to maintain their leverage levels and have better access to both short- and long-term debt compared with private firms after the introduction of the stimulus programme. We also find that preferential access to debt financing does not help SOEs improve their performance. Instead, SOEs perform significantly worse than private firms after the introduction of the stimulus programme. Moreover, political connections obtained through political participation help mitigate the discrimination that private firms face from Chinese banks and help improve firm performance. These results support the conjecture that China's state sector is advancing, with negative consequences for aggregate performance in the economy.
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| 11. |
- Kallifatides, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Financialisation and the New Swedish Model
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cambridge Journal of Economics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy E - Oxford Open Option D. - 1464-3545 .- 0309-166X. ; 42:4, s. 875-899
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most studies of Swedish political economy are too optimistic about the condition and prospects of the reformed Swedish model (e.g. Bergh, 2014; Steinmo, 2010). Indeed, the Swedish economy has responded to the global financial crisis (GFC) in what appears to be a successful manner. This comparativist literature nevertheless omits in-depth analysis of the impact of financialisation, partly due to its neglect of long-term, dialectical processes of change (cf. Ogden et al., 2014). There is a small literature on financialisation in Sweden (e.g. Belfrage, 2008; Forslund, 2008; Kallifatides et al., 2010; Ryner, 2013; Belfrage, 2015; Andersson and Jonung, 2015; Kallifatides, 2016). However, it has not clarified what the dynamics, contradictions and crisis-tendencies of the resulting finance-dominated accumulation regime in Sweden are. Drawing on document analysis and statistics, and based on Regulation Theory (e.g. Aglietta, 1979), this paper does just that. It thus corrects an overly idealised picture of Swedish economy and society, as well as, more broadly, holding the Swedish case up as a critical case study for the sustainability of the financedominated growth regime in Europe. We argue that there is a looming crisis in the Swedish economy today, as the acceleration of financialisation following the GFC is shifting the economy away from being export-led to becoming debt-led and assetbased, and thus moving the economy closer to the UK and US economies. As such, the Swedish case suggests that the finance-dominated growth regime may be unsustainable in Europe more generally.
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| 12. |
- Katz, Katarina, 1953-
(författare)
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Gender, wages and discrimination in the USSR : a study of a Russian industrial town
- 1997
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Ingår i: Cambridge Journal of Economics. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 0309-166X .- 1464-3545. ; 21:4, s. 431-452
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Male and female wage-equations are estimated from survey-data from the city of Taganrog in 1989, the first such estimates on data collected in the USSR. Reductions in working hours for low-paid female professionals, resulting in relatively high hourly rates, encouraged women to acquire higher education, while maintaining an unequal and conservative gender division of labour. Decomposition of the wage gap shows strong indications of discrimination. A wage-function estimated from the pooled sample (as in Oaxaca and Ransom, 1994) ‘explains’ a larger share of the gender gap, but does so because it disregards aspects of discrimination.
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| 13. |
- Nivorozhkin, Anton, 1978
(författare)
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An evaluation of government-sponsored vocational training programmes for the unemployed in urban Russia
- 2005
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Ingår i: CAMBRIDGE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0309-166X .- 1464-3545. ; 29:6, s. 1053-1072
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is the first study on the effects of active labour market programs such as training in Russia. We use the data from the official unemployment register combined with information from the follow-up survey in a large industrial city in the year 2000. The method of propensity score matching was applied to learn whether participation in the training programmes increased the monthly salaries of participants. The findings suggest that individuals tend to benefit from the participation in the training programmes. However, one year later, this effect disappeared.
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| 14. |
- Gustafsson, Björn, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Why are Household Incomes More Unequally Distributed in China than in Russia?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cambridge Journal of Economics. - 0309-166X. ; 35:5, s. 897-920
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Harmonised microdata show a Gini coefficient for per capita total income of 45.3 percent in China 2002 and 33.6 percent in Russia 2003. A much larger urban to rural income gap in combination with a much smaller proportion of people living in urban areas in China are important reasons for this cross-country difference in inequality. Wage is a more non-equalising income source in China than in Russia. While Russian public transfers reduce income inequality, Chinese public transfers increase income inequality. Cross-country differences in the process of transition are also found to be significant. A relatively large non-agriculture self-employment sector is non-equalising in rural China, but is also narrowing the urban to rural income gap. In contrast to the many cross-country differences revealed, we report income inequality among urban residents in China and in urban Russia to be very similar.
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| 15. |
- Maskell, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Localised learning and industrial competitiveness
- 1999
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Ingår i: CAMBRIDGE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS. - : ACADEMIC PRESS LTD. - 0309-166X. ; 23:2, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in the international economy have gradually shifted the basis of industrial competitiveness from static price competition towards dynamic improvement, benefiting firms that are able to create knowledge faster than their competitors. The paper arg
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