| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Abrahamsson, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking patterns during pregnancy : differences in socio-economic and health-related varaiables
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 10:3, s. 208-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The objective of this study was to assess different smoking patterns during and after pregnancy and relate these patterns to socioeconomic conditions and different health issues such as symptoms, drug consumption and health care use. Methods: The study group included 337 pregnant women from a district in south Sweden. A questionnaire was filled in during the first part of pregnancy and an interview was conducted after the baby was born. The women were categorised according to their smoking habits. Results: The categories defined were continuers, relapsers, decreasers, quitters and non-smokers. Among relapsers three symptoms, difficulty in relaxing (OR 4.48), restlessness (OR 9.59) and dysphoria (OR 3.98), were more common than among non-smokers. All three musculoskeletal symptoms were most common among continuers. Among quitters the OR for backache was 2.05, for numbness In the arms and legs 2.76 and for tearfulness 2.92. Educational level was relatively high among quitters and few had a smoking partner. Among smokers (decreasers, relapsers and continuers) 24% used drugs regularly, compared to 5% among non-smokers. Conclusions: To prevent smoking during pregnancy awareness of the relations between different smoking categories and symptoms could make it easier for hearth personnel to individualise support. A possible starting point is to discuss how to cope with different symptoms occurring during smoking cessation. Women with predictors for continued smoking during pregnancy, such as low education, unemployment, a smoking partner and multiparous, should be focused on more intensively and preventive strategies suitable for their special needs should be developed.
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| 3. |
- Abrahamsson, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking patterns during pregnancy : differences in socio-economic and health-related varaiables
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 10:3, s. 208-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The objective of this study was to assess different smoking patterns during and after pregnancy and relate these patterns to socioeconomic conditions and different health issues such as symptoms, drug consumption and health care use. Methods: The study group included 337 pregnant women from a district in south Sweden. A questionnaire was filled in during the first part of pregnancy and an interview was conducted after the baby was born. The women were categorised according to their smoking habits. Results: The categories defined were continuers, relapsers, decreasers, quitters and non-smokers. Among relapsers three symptoms, difficulty in relaxing (OR 4.48), restlessness (OR 9.59) and dysphoria (OR 3.98), were more common than among non-smokers. All three musculoskeletal symptoms were most common among continuers. Among quitters the OR for backache was 2.05, for numbness In the arms and legs 2.76 and for tearfulness 2.92. Educational level was relatively high among quitters and few had a smoking partner. Among smokers (decreasers, relapsers and continuers) 24% used drugs regularly, compared to 5% among non-smokers. Conclusions: To prevent smoking during pregnancy awareness of the relations between different smoking categories and symptoms could make it easier for hearth personnel to individualise support. A possible starting point is to discuss how to cope with different symptoms occurring during smoking cessation. Women with predictors for continued smoking during pregnancy, such as low education, unemployment, a smoking partner and multiparous, should be focused on more intensively and preventive strategies suitable for their special needs should be developed.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Albin, B, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality among 723 948 foreign- and native-born Swedes 1970-1999
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 15:5, s. 511-517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Mortality in a population is regarded as an accurate and valid measure of the population's health. There are a few international studies, predominantly cross- sectional, of mortality among all foreign- born compared with an indigenous population, and the results have varied. No Swedish longitudinal study describing and analysing mortality data was found in a literature review. Methods: This study describes and analyses the differences in mortality between foreign- born persons and native Swedes during the period 1970 - 1999, based on data from Statistics Sweden and the National Board of Health and Welfare. The database consisted of 723 948 persons, 361 974 foreign- born living in Sweden in 1970, aged >= 16 years, and 361 974 Swedish controls matched for age, sex, occupation and type of employment, living in the same county in 1970. Results: The results showed increased mortality for foreign- born persons compared with the Swedish controls [ odds ratio ( OR) 1.08; 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.07 - 1.08]. Persons who had migrated ` late' ( 1941 - 1970) to Sweden were 2.5 years younger at time of death than controls. In relation to country of birth, the highest risk odds were for men born in Finland ( OR 1.21), Denmark ( OR 1.11) and Norway/ Iceland ( OR 1.074). Age cohorts of foreign- born persons born between 1901 and 1920 had higher mortality at age 55 - 69 years than cohorts born between 1921 and 1944. Conclusions: Migrants had higher mortality than the native population, and migration may be a risk factor for health; therefore, this seems to be an important factor to consider when studying mortality and health.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Algotson, S., et al.
(författare)
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Sapere-taste lessons in Swedish pre-schools
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 20:Suppl. 1, s. 106-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 11. |
- Ali, Sadiq Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic, psychosocial, behavioural, and psychological determinants of BMI among young women: differing patterns for underweight and overweight/obesity.
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 16:3, s. 324-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Underweight, overweight, and obese women aged 18–34 years were compared with normal weight women of the corresponding age according to socioeconomic, psychosocial, health behaviour, self reported global and psychological health, and locus of control characteristics. Methods: The 2000 public health survey in Scania is a cross-sectional study. A total 13 715 persons aged 18–80 years, of which 1967 were females of 18–34 years of age, were included in this study. They answered a postal questionnaire, which represents 59% of the random sample. A logistic regression model adjusted for age was used to investigate the association between socioeconomic, psychosocial, health behaviour, self reported global and psychological health, locus of control, and the BMI categories. Results: A 17.5% proportion of the women, aged 18–34 years, were underweight (BMI < 20.0), 18.4% were overweight, and 7.0% obese. The prevalence of underweight according to the BMI < 18.5 definition was 5.8% among women aged 18–34 years. Women who were underweight had significantly higher odds ratios for overtime work, being students, low emotional support, and poor self reported global as well as poor psychological health than normal weight women. Women who were overweight/obese were unemployed, had low education, low social participation, low emotional and instrumental support, were daily smokers, had a sedentary lifestyle, had poor self reported global health, and had lack of internal locus of control compared with normal weight women. Conclusions: Underweight women are more likely to have poorer psychological health than normal weight women. In contrast, overweight and obese women are more likely to have poor health related behaviours and lack of internal locus of control compared with normal weight women. These differing patterns suggest both different etiology and different preventive strategies to deal with the health risks of people who are underweight as opposed to those who are overweight/obese.
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| 12. |
- Allebeck, P
(författare)
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A Dutch voice in a European tale
- 2010
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Ingår i: European journal of public health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-360X .- 1101-1262. ; 20:1, s. 1-1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Allebeck, P
(författare)
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Cannabis: harmless recreation or dangerous drug?
- 2019
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Ingår i: European journal of public health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-360X .- 1101-1262. ; 29:3, s. 387-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Allebeck, P
(författare)
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European Public Health Association
- 1998
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 8:2, s. 192-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
- Allebeck, P
(författare)
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European Public Health Association
- 1998
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 8:4, s. 340-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20. |
- Allebeck, P
(författare)
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European Public Health Association
- 1998
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 8:1, s. 98-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Allebeck, P, et al.
(författare)
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In search of the relevant COVID research
- 2020
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Ingår i: European journal of public health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-360X .- 1101-1262. ; 30:5, s. 850-851
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 25. |
- Allebeck, P
(författare)
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Necessary steps for a modern scientific journal
- 2006
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Ingår i: European journal of public health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 16:1, s. 1-1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 26. |
- Allebeck, P
(författare)
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Oxford Textbook of Public Health, fifth edition
- 2010
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 20:3, s. 360-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Allebeck, P
(författare)
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The prevention paradox or the inequality paradox?
- 2008
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Ingår i: European journal of public health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-360X .- 1101-1262. ; 18:3, s. 215-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 31. |
- Allebeck, P, et al.
(författare)
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Time to move to open access
- 2021
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Ingår i: European journal of public health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-360X .- 1101-1262. ; 31:1, s. 1-1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 32. |
- Allebeck, P
(författare)
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Which health data for Europe?
- 2012
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Ingår i: European journal of public health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-360X .- 1101-1262. ; 22:5, s. 611-611
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 33. |
- Allers, Katharina, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic position and risk of unplanned hospitalization among nursing home residents : a nationwide cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 31:3, s. 467-473
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Socioeconomic inequalities in health and healthcare use in old age have been on the rise during the past two decades. So far, it is unknown whether these inequalities have permeated the nursing home setting. This study aimed to assess whether the socioeconomic position of newly admitted nursing home residents had an influence on their risk of unplanned hospitalization. Methods: We identified older persons (similar to 75 years) who were newly admitted to a nursing home between March 2013 and December 2014 using a set of linked routinely collected administrative and healthcare data in Sweden. The number of unplanned hospitalizations for any cause and the cumulative length of stay were defined as primary outcomes. Unplanned hospitalizations for potentially avoidable causes (i.e. fall-related injuries, urinary tract infections, pneumonia and decubitus ulcers) were considered as our secondary outcome. Results: Among 40 545 newly admitted nursing home residents (mean age 86.8 years), the incidence rate of unplanned hospitalization ranged from 53.9 per 100 person-years among residents with tertiary education up to 55.1 among those with primary education. After adjusting for relevant confounders, we observed no meaningful difference in the risk of unplanned hospitalization according to the education level of nursing home residents (IRR for tertiary vs. primary education: 0.96, 95% CI 0.92-1.00) or to their level of income (IRR for highest vs. lowest quartile of income: 0.98, 0.95-1.02). There were also no differences in the cumulative length of hospital stays or in the risk of experiencing unplanned hospitalizations for potentially avoidable causes. Conclusions: In sum, in this large cohort of newly admitted nursing home residents, we found no evidence of socioeconomic inequalities in the risk of unplanned hospitalization.
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| 34. |
- Almquist B., Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between social support and depressive symptoms : social causation or social selection-or both?
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 27:1, s. 84-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have demonstrated an association between social support and health, almost regardless of how social support and health have been conceptualised or measured. Even so, the issue of causality has not yet been sufficiently addressed. This issue is particularly challenging for mental health problems such as depressive symptoms. The aim of the present study is to longitudinally assess structural and functional aspects of social support in relation to depressive symptoms in men and women, through a series of competing causal models that, in contrast to many other statistical methods, allow for bi-directional effects.METHODS: Questionnaire data from the Northern Swedish Cohort (n = 1001) were utilised for the years 1995 (age 30) and 2007 (age 42). Associations were analysed by means of gender-specific structural equation modelling, with structural and functional support modelled separately.RESULTS: Both structural and functional support were associated with depressive symptoms at ages 30 and 42, for men and women alike. A higher level of support, particularly functional support, was associated with a decrease in depressive symptoms over time among men. Among women, there were bi-directional effects of social support and depressive symptoms over time.CONCLUSION: Concerning social support and health, the social causation hypothesis seems relevant for men whereas, for women, the associations appear to be more complex. We conclude that preventive and health promoting work may need to consider that the presence of depressive symptoms in itself impedes on women's capability to increase their levels of social support.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Almquist, Ylva B, et al.
(författare)
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Growing through asphalt : What counteracts the long-term negative health impact of youth adversity?
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 27:Suppl 3, s. 47-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Adversity in the family of origin tends to translate into poor health development. Yet, the fact that this is not the always the case has been seen an indicator of resilience. The current study highlights factors outside the context of the family with the potential to counteract the long-term negative influences of social and material adversity in adolescence on general health status.Methods: The study was based on the Northern Swedish Cohort born in 1965 (n = 1,001). Measures of social and material adversity, health, and protective factors related to school, peers, and spare time, were derived from questionnaires distributed to the cohort members and their teachers at age 16. Self-rated health was measured at age 43. The main associations were examined by means of ordinal regression analysis, with the role of the protective factors being assessed through interaction analysis.Results: Social and material adversity in youth was associated with poorer self-rated health in midlife among males and females alike, net of health status at baseline. However, having an advantaged situation with regard to school, peers, or spare time – particularly in terms of being seen as having good educational and work prospects, as well as a high-quality spare time – appeared to protect against the detrimental influences of disadvantaged circumstances in the family context on subsequent health.Conclusions: There are several factors outside the context of the family that seemingly have the potential to buffer against the negative health consequences stemming from having experienced a disadvantaged upbringing. Initiatives targeted at increasing academic motivation and commitment as well as social capital and relationships in youth, may here be of particular relevance.Key messages:While the experience of disadvantageous living conditions in adolescence tends to translate into poor health development across the life course, this is not always the case.Advantages related to school, peers, and spare time have the potential of counteracting the negative health impact of an adverse family context.
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| 37. |
- Almquist, Ylva B, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Is there a peer status gradient in mortality? Findings from a Swedish cohort born in 1953 and followed to age 67
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 33:2, s. 184-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Similar to having a less advantaged socioeconomic position, children in lower peer status positions typically experience a situation characterized by less power, influence and command over resources, followed by worse health outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine whether peer status position is further associated with increased risks for premature all-cause mortality. Methods Data were drawn from a 1953 cohort born in Stockholm, Sweden. Peer status positions were established through survey data on peer nominations within the school class at age 13, whereas national registers were used to identify all-cause mortality across ages 14-67. Differences in hazard rates and median survival time, according to peer status position, were estimated with Cox regression and Laplace regression, respectively. Results Although differences in hazard rates were not large, they were consistent and clear, also after taking childhood socioeconomic status into account. Regarding median survival time, the number of years lost increased gradually as peer status decreased, with a difference of almost 6 years when comparing individuals in the lowest and highest positions. Conclusions Children's positions in the peer status hierarchy play a role for their chances of health and survival, pointing to the relevance of addressing opportunities for positive peer interaction and mitigating any adverse consequences that may stem from negative experiences within the peer context.
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| 38. |
- Almquist, Ylva B., et al.
(författare)
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Only the lonely? All-cause mortality among children without siblings and children without friends
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 27:Suppl. 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In childhood, relations with siblings and friends lie at the core of social interaction. Lacking either type of relationship may reflect lower levels of social support. While social support is known to be negatively associated with premature death, there are still no long-term follow-ups of mortality risks among children without siblings (‘only-children’) and children without friends (‘lonely-children’). The aim of the present study was therefore to examine and compare all-cause mortality in these two groups.Methods: Cox regression analysis was based on a Stockholm cohort born in 1953 (n = 15,117). Individuals were identified as only-children if there were no records of siblings before age 18. Derived from sociometric data collected at age 13, lonely-children were defined as not being nominated by classmates as one of three best friends. The follow-up of all-cause mortality covered ages 20-56.Results: Both only-children and lonely-children had increased risks of premature mortality. When adjusted for a wide range of family-related and individual factors, the risk ratio for only-children increased in strength whereas the risk ratio for lonely-children was reduced. The former finding may be explained by suppressor effects: for example, both only-children and those whose parents had alcohol problems had higher mortality risks but only-children were less likely to have parents with alcohol problems. The latter finding was primarily due to adjustment for scholastic ability.Conclusions: It is concluded that while only-children and lonely-children have similar risks of all-cause mortality, the processes leading up to premature death appear to be rather different. Yet, interventions targeted at improving social learning experiences may be beneficial for both groups.Key messages:Only-children have higher risks of premature mortality but the mechanisms remain unclear.Lonely-children are at risk of premature mortality primarily due to poorer scholastic ability.
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| 39. |
- Almquist, Ylva M.
(författare)
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Childhood friendships and adult health : Findings from the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s Cohort study
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 22:3, s. 378-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social relations are known to influence morbidity and mortality but few have studied this association from a life-course perspective specifically targeting the importance of social relations in childhood for adult health. In childhood, a key aspect of children’s relationships is the number of friendships a child has in the school class, i.e. friendship quantity. The overall aim of this study was to examine the association between childhood friendships and adult self-rated health. Data from a longitudinal study of children born in Aberdeen, Scotland, between 1950 and 1956 was used. Information on friendship quantity (1964) was derived from sociometric nominations among classmates and defined as mutual choices. The health outcome was based on self-ratings derived from a questionnaire in 2001-2003. The study included various childhood and adult circumstances as possible explanatory factors. The analysis was based on ordinal logistic regression, producing odds ratios (n=5,814). The results demonstrated a gradient in women’s self-rated health according to the number of friendships in the school class. A number of circumstances in childhood and adulthood were partial explanations. For men, only those without friends reported poorer self-rated health in adulthood. This finding was explained by adult socioeconomic status. It is concluded that childhood friendships are linked to health disparities in middle age, underlining the importance of such relationships and the need for a life-course perspective on health that integrates a variety of mechanisms as they interact across life.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Almroth, Melody, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial workplace factors and alcohol-related morbidity : a prospective study of 3 million Swedish workers
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 32:3, s. 366-371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Psychosocial workplace factors may be associated with alcohol-related morbidity, but previous studies have had limited opportunities to take non-occupational explanatory factors into account. The aim of this study is to investigate associations between job control, job demands and their combination (job strain) and diagnosed alcohol-related morbidity while accounting for several potentially confounding factors measured across the life-course, including education. Methods: Job control, job demands and job strain were measured using the Swedish job exposure matrix measuring psychosocial workload on the occupational level linked to over 3 million individuals based on their occupational titles in 2005 and followed up until 2016. Cox regression models were built to estimate associations with alcohol-related diagnoses recorded in patient registers. Results: Low job control was associated with an increased risk of alcohol-related morbidity, while high job demands tended to be associated with a decreased risk. Passive and high-strain jobs among men and passive jobs among women were also associated with an increased risk of alcohol diagnoses. However, all associations were found to be weakened in models adjusted for other factors measured prospectively over the life-course, especially in models that included level of education. Conclusion: The associations between low job control and high job demands, and the risk of alcohol-related morbidity reflect underlying socioeconomic differences to some extent. Lower job control, however, remained associated with a higher risk of alcohol-related morbidity.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Amin, Ridwanul, et al.
(författare)
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Time period effects in work disability due to common mental disorders among young employees in Sweden-a register-based cohort study across occupational classes and employment sectors
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 33:2, s. 272-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background We aimed to investigate time period effects in the risk of work disability, defined as long-term sickness absence (LTSA) and disability pension (DP) due to common mental disorders (CMDs), among young employees according to employment sector (private/public) and occupational class (non-manual/manual).Methods Three cohorts, including all employed individuals with complete information on employment sector and occupational class, aged 19-29 years and resident in Sweden on 31 December 2004, 2009 and 2014 (n = 573 516, 665 138 and 600 889, respectively) were followed for 4 years. Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to examine the risk of LTSA and DP due to CMDs using Cox regression analyses.Results In all cohorts, public sector employees had higher aHRs for LTSA due to CMDs than private sector employees, irrespective of occupational class, e.g. aHR, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.16-1.33 and 1.15, 1.08-1.23 among non-manual and manual workers in cohort 2004. The rates of DP due to CMDs were much lower in cohorts 2009 and 2014 than 2004 leading to uncertain risk estimates in the later cohorts. Still, public sector manual workers had a higher risk for DP due to CMDs than manual workers in the private sector in cohort 2014 than in 2004 (aHR, 95% CI: 1.54, 1.34-1.76 and 3.64, 2.14-6.18, respectively).Conclusions Manual workers in the public sector seem to have a higher risk of work disability due to CMDs than their counterparts in the private sector calling for the need for early intervention strategies to prevent long-term work disability.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Andersson, K, et al.
(författare)
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Repeat prescriptions: refill adherence in relation to patient and prescriber characteristics, reimbursement level and type of medication
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 15:6, s. 621-626
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Repeat prescribing used in long-term pharmacotherapy is often associated with inadequate patient medication, including non-adherence. In this paper we explore patients' drug refill adherence with repeat prescriptions and relate refill data to patient age and gender, type of prescriber, type of prescribed drug, and reimbursement level. Methods: During one week of 2002, copies of 3636 repeat prescriptions filled at 16 large Swedish pharmacies were collected. Satisfactory refill adherence was defined as dispensed refills covering 80-120% of the prescribed treatment time. Under- and oversupplying were defined as < 80% and > 120% coverage, respectively. Result: The average level of refill adherence was 57%, and the level of under- and oversupplying 21% and 22%, respectively. There was no gender difference. Patients who were exempt from payment had higher oversupplies than others (33% versus 19%), and patients of general practitioners had higher refill adherence than patients of hospital physicians. The highest refill adherence was observed for contraceptives (81%) and the lowest for anti-asthmatics, proton pump inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (30-40%). Conclusions: Refill non-adherence includes both under- and oversupplying and may vary due to different attitudes between prescribers and between patients. Different therapeutic indications and reimbursement systems are other apparent causes. These observations should be considered in programs aiming to assist patients in following medication prescriptions.
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| 50. |
- Andersson, Lena, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between general self efficacy, barriers to care and self-reported mental illness—a population-based study
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 20:Suppl. 1, s. 69-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundMental illness is an increasing health problem globally. However, many individuals do not seek health care although evidence-based care is available. Research has shown that self efficacy is associated with various health outcomes and it is of importance to investigate if it also is associated mental illness. Early detection promotes recovery and decreases suicide risk.AimThe aim of this study is to investigate whether low levels of self efficacy is associated with a higher degree of mental illness and whether level of self-efficacy influence health seeking behaviour.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study based on data from the Health Assets study, with data collected in 2008 in West Sweden. The study population is a randomly selected population sample of 4027 individuals, aged 18–65 years. Data collection was done by a postal questionnaire and the response rate was 50.4%. Bi-and multivariate analyses were employed to investigate associations and results were stratified on sex, age, civil status, education and social support.ResultsA total number of 1361 (36%) out of 3811 individuals answered ‘Yes’ on the question ‘Have you ever felt so mentally ill that you had (felt a need) to seek care’. A total of 33% of the women answering yes were found in the lowest quartile of the general self efficacy scale, 20% in the highest quartile. Corresponding figures for men were 30 and 23% respectively. The most common reason stated for not seeking health care was a belief that the mental health problem would disappear by itself. Others reasons mentioned were beliefs that health care would not help, they did not know were to go or they felt ashamed for showing others they suffered from mental illness.ConclusionMental illness is a serious health problem and access to care needs to be improved. Health promotion should also include individual traits/characteristics such as self efficacy and health-seeking behaviour.
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