| 1. |
- Berman, Anne H., et al.
(author)
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Hopeless patients? : A study of illicit opiate users who drop out from in-patient detoxification
- 2008
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In: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 13:2, s. 121-130
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Individual and treatment-related factors associated with early self-discharge were studied among illicit opiate users consecutively admitted for hospital detoxification (ITT=68, n=45). Only 20% of the drop-outs had a detailed treatment plan, 20% participated in their own treatment planning, and none were enrolled in a methadone/buprenorphine programme at admission (compared with 60, 80, and 66%, respectively, of those retained in treatment). Having a treatment plan at intake improved the odds for planned discharge by 13 and perceiving fewer positive aspects of drug use increased the odds for drop-out by 12.6. A configural frequency analysis (CFA) showed one significant type: patients with sketchy or no treatment planning at intake, no maintenance treatment, and a low score on positive aspects of drug use were 7.5 times more likely to drop out than expected. Lacking a close maternal relationship characterized patients in this type (83% compared with 31% of non-types). Drop-outs seem to have insecure attachment patterns, which make contact difficult with social services and substance abuse treatment providers. Future research should devise ways of establishing a working alliance with patients likely to drop out, as well as investigating management policies for this patient group.
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| 2. |
- Brådvik, Louise, et al.
(author)
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Self-reported and observed heroin overdoses in Malmoe
- 2007
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In: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 12:2, s. 119-126
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Object: The aim of the present study was to investigate the pattern of non-fatal heroin overdoses for men and women in Sweden, a country with late onset of heroin use. Material: Subjects were recruited through the Syringe Programme and the Addiction Centre in Malmoe. A total of 149 subjects were interviewed, 108 men and 41 women. They were asked about their social situation, experienced and observed overdoses and circumstances around them. Results: Overdoses were very common; 74% of the subjects had experienced at least one overdose. Almost all, 96%, had observed at least one overdose in others and 32% had witnessed a fatal overdose. Actions taken were often insufficient. A combination with other drugs, mainly benzodiazepine and alcohol and/or a lowered tolerance for heroin after visits in institutions contributed to the overdose in a majority of the cases. Men and women differed in that men used concomitant drugs more often and women more often took heroin alone. Conclusion: Self-reported and observed non-fatal heroin overdoses were more common than expected. Contributing factors were found in the majority of the cases. Pure overdoses were more common in women.
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| 3. |
- Davey, Gareth, et al.
(author)
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Beliefs about smoking cigarettes among adolescents in Yunnan Province, China
- 2023
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In: Journal of Substance Use. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 28:4, s. 636-642
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Adolescence is an important time period in smoking experimentation and initiation. This study examined heterogeneity in key beliefs about smoking intention among Chinese adolescents.Methods: Survey data came from 951 students (18 and 19 years) in two high schools in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. The survey questions assessed smoking beliefs and perceptions based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. Regression and latent class analysis were utilized to identify key beliefs (i.e., beliefs that are most influential in smoking intention) and their heterogeneity.Results: Emotion-related beliefs were reported by both genders, highlighting the role of anxiety and stress in smoking intention. Female and male adolescents had different sets of key beliefs. There were distinct subgroups of beliefs in the sample (two among female adolescents, and three among male adolescents) characterized by disparate patterns of behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs and smoking status.Conclusions: Considerable heterogeneity in belief profiles, which differs based on gender and smoking status, furnishes a more complete understanding of smoking intention among Chinese adolescents. Gender-specific anti-smoking interventions can be targeted to the beliefs of specific subgroups of adolescents. Stress management for students could also be a useful tool to prevent smoking uptake.
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| 4. |
- Dietze, P., et al.
(author)
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The adverse consequences of drinking in a sample of Australian adults
- 2011
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In: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 16:2, s. 116-126
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To examine the adverse consequences of drinking reported by a subsample of participants in the Australian arm of the GenACIS (Gender Alcohol and Culture: an International Study). Design and method: A random sample of adults (18+, N = 1,608) was interviewed by telephone for self-reported experience of adverse consequences of alcohol consumption. Results: Ten per cent reported experiencing either alcohol related life-area problems and/or physical/emotional/legal problems as a result of their drinking in the previous year. Around 4% reported getting into a fight after they had been drinking and 6% reported adverse effects of alcohol on their physical health. There were variations by age, and other correlates, such as drinking patterns, but not by gender. For example, while only 4% of the sample aged 35–44 reported being injured or injuring someone else, 17% of the sample aged under 25 reported being injured or injuring another. Conclusions: Young Victorians and those who reported riskier drinking were generally more likely to report experiencing adverse consequences than older Victorians and those who reported less risky drinking. This is important in the Australian context, with a focus on the harms associated with young people’s drinking the subject of much recent public debate.
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| 5. |
- Gidhagen, Ylva, et al.
(author)
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Outcome of psychological treatment of patients with substance use disorders in routine care
- 2017
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In: Journal of Substance Use. - Cardiff, Wales, UK : Taylor & Francis. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 22:3, s. 343-352
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: More knowledge is needed about outcome of treatments in routine care for patients with substance use disorders (SUDs). These patients often suffer from psychological distress in addition to SUDs. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of community-based psychological treatment on SUD patients’ psychosocial problems, as well as on their substance use. Design: All patients who were referred or self-referred for psychological treatment to a social worker or a psychotherapist at three outpatient treatment centers for SUD patients were asked to participate in the study. Methods: Ratings at treatment start and end were obtained on Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation - Outcome Measure (CORE-OM, n = 100), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - Consumption (AUDIT-C, n = 49), and Drug Use Disorders Identification Test - Consumption (DUDIT-C, n = 27). Results: CORE-OM mean scores were significantly improved. In total 14% of the patients were recovered, 10% improved, and 5% deteriorated. Both AUDIT-C and DUDIT-C mean scores were significantly improved for patients with alcohol use and patients using illicit drugs, respectively. Conclusions: Routine psychological treatment had positive effects on psychological distress as well as on reduction of substance use. A substantial number of patients remained however unchanged, particularly regarding psychological distress. More studies with larger patient groups are needed to develop treatment for SUD patients in routine care.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hosseinkhani, Zahra, et al.
(author)
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Prevalence of alcohol consumption in most at-risk groups in Iran : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2023
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In: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 28:2, s. 135-142
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Many studies have assessed the prevalence of alcohol consumption in Iran. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of alcohol consumption in different groups. Material and Methods: We searched international and databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and we searched two main Farsi-language index databases including Scientific Information Database (SID) and the Irandoc. Grey literature search was also performed in Google Scholar, PsycINFO, ProQuest Dissertation and Theses without time limit until June 2020. All studies that reported the prevalence of alcohol consumption among Iranians were included in current study. Results: From 9,038 screened studies, 109 studies with 925,480 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of alcohol consumption was estimated 24% (95% CI: 18.0–31.0), 12% (95%CI: 10.0–14.0), 14% (95%CI: 13.0–15.0), 19% (95%CI: 13.0–26.0), 15% (95%CI: 3.0–28.0) among prisoners, general population, students, drivers, and street children, respectively. Conclusion: This systematic review indicated higher prevalence of alcohol consumption in prisoners, drivers, and street children than the general population and other subgroups. The distribution of the alcohol prevalence studies in different groups and provinces were heterogeneous. The lack of studies among some groups and in regions warrants further, attention.
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| 8. |
- Hradilova Selin, Klara, et al.
(author)
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Social problems from drinking in the Swedish general population: Measurement and reliability
- 2007
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In: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa healthcare. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 12:2, s. 103-118
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: The paper constructs and tests summary measures for different areas of alcohol-related problems, using general population data. The main emphasis is on the rather unexplored area of measuring social harm from drinking. Methods: The data analysed is a Swedish national survey on drinking behaviour and related consequences, collected in 2002 by means of telephone interviews with 5469 adult Swedes. In total, 38 items on both personal and social problems by respondents attributed to their drinking were subjected to factor analysis in order to identify different problem areas for which summary measures could be constructed. The psychometric properties of the measures were then tested. Results: In line with others’ findings, the problem items tended to load on a single factor. After Varimax rotation, 11 factors were built, only in part fitting a logical conceptual pattern. In the light both of the dimensions identified in the factor analysis and of face validity, measures of five areas of alcohol-related problems were constructed: impaired self-control, chronic health problems, public disorder, interpersonal problems and alcohol-related social problems. The last measure is a summary scale including both items covered by public disorder and interpersonal problems scales, as well as a few other items. In terms of internal consistency and test–retest reliability (analysing a smaller sample from a test–retest pilot study), the five measures showed satisfactory psychometric properties. Conclusions: In the light of others’ findings, the measures developed here seem to be more consistent and reliable than a number of other scales. In order to establish comparability, it seems reasonable to develop and test similar measures across different drinking cultures and, perhaps, modify them thereafter.
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| 9. |
- Hübner, Lena
(author)
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Swedish public opinion on alcohol and alcohol policy, 1995 and 2003
- 2012
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In: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 17:3, s. 218-229
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: To compare and discuss public opinions on alcohol and alcohol policies in Sweden. Data & Methods: Population survey, sent out by post to 3000 adult Swedes, 18-69 years of age, on two occasions, 1995 and 2003. Focus on attitudes towards alcohol, drinking and alcohol policies. Results: Public opinion on alcohol and alcohol policy has not changed very much when the years 1995 and 2003 are compared, although a slightly more restrictive view can be detected. But there were no dramatic changes in spite of a rapid and sharp increase of alcohol consumption during this period and changing foundations of alcohol policies due to the Swedish membership of the European Union (EU). Swedes seem somewhat more content with alcohol policies in 2003 compared with 1995 and show a more restrictive view when it comes to young persons and drinking. Conclusion: A slightly more restrictive view on alcohol can be detected in 2003 compared with 1995, and there seems to be continued support for population-wide and environmental measures in Swedish public opinion.
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| 10. |
- Karlsson, Patrik, 1977-
(author)
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The relationship between affective associations with alcohol and binge drinking
- 2012
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In: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 17:1, s. 41-50
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article explores the relationship between affective associations with alcohol and binge drinking. Prior research on the proximal determinants of alcohol consumption has typically focused on cognitive factors such as outcome expectancies, leaving aside affect (i.e. emotional factors). Participants in this study were a random, nationally representative sample of Swedes aged between 18 and 70 (n = 1623, response rate 54%). The results showed that affective associations with alcohol are related to binge drinking, even after controlling for gender, age, education, family situation and perceived risk. This article concludes that affective associations probably should be considered in explanatory frameworks of alcohol consumption, although more research is needed on the causal relationship of affective associations to drinking habits.
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| 11. |
- Lilja, My, 1974-
(author)
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Formerly imprisoned polydrug users’ narratives about unemployment
- 2019
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In: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 24:3, s. 336-340
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Understanding how formerly imprisoned drug users perceive the possibilities and problems associated with entering the job market is important as it could help the reintegration of these individuals into society. The aim of this study was to explore formerly imprisoned polydrug users’narratives about unemployment.Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 former prison inmates with extensive prior drug use. The interviews were coded and analysed using a categorical-content, narrative analysis approach.Results: The interviews revealed that although the respondents did not regard themselves as having been unemployed, some mentioned stress during periods in which they lacked a legal occupation. The participants also talked about the importance of being committed to one’s work and described that it was not only employment in itself that was important, but also being able to value or appreciate their employment. Most respondents argued that they had never been dismissed from work because of their drug use, but descriptions of workplace deviance were common in the interviews, e.g. stealing, selling drugs, burglary, using drugs at work.Conclusions: The respondents seemed to lack an identity as either unemployed or employed, which may constitute a problem when they enter the job market in the future.
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| 12. |
- Lobmaier, Philipp P. K., et al.
(author)
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Substance use and problem awareness among drug-involved prisoners in Norway
- 2013
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In: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 18:3, s. 211-220
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A sample of 110 drug-involved offenders from two prisons was assessed regarding drug and alcohol consumption, problem awareness, ambivalence and treatment readiness. Of these, 56% reported hazardous alcohol consumption and 53% highly problematic drug use. Highly problematic users reported more problem awareness and more cognitive dissonance regarding change. Treatment readiness was rated higher by problematic users as compared to users reporting fewer problems. The influence of prison environment on ambivalence needs to be studied longitudinally after imprisonment. Identification of drug-involved prisoners should be done systematically, including assessment of alcohol consumption. Opportunities for substance misuse treatment in prisons should be increased.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- O'Donnell, Renee, et al.
(author)
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Disparities in definitions of drinker type and related harms : self-identified and researcher-defined drinker type and alcohol-related consequences
- 2022
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In: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 27:5, s. 475-481
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES This study aimed to measure the extent to which risky drinkers identify themselves as a heavy/binge drinker and to examine if risky drinkers who identify themselves as a heavy/binge drinker experience less negative drinking-related consequences than those who do not classify themselves as a heavy/binge drinker.METHODS Participants, who met our criterion for heavy and/or binge drinking, were asked about their drinking patterns and to describe themselves as a non-, ex-, occasional, light, social, heavy or binge drinker. Self-identified and researcher-defined (based on participants' past 12 months consumption) drinker types were compared among 4,562 participants (74% males, mean age of 43.4).RESULTS Over half of the researcher-defined binge and heavy drinkers classified themselves as social drinkers. Researcher-defined binge and heavy drinkers who classified themselves accurately experienced more drinking-related harms than those who classified themselves as a social drinker.CONCLUSIONS This study found that rather than using consumption-based definitions, drinkers may classify their drinking based on harms experienced, rather than their risk of harm. Health promotion campaigns aiming to prevent harms in risky drinkers should be aware that drinkers who would be considered at risk may not see themselves that way until they have experienced harm from their drinking.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Pistone, Isabella, 1987, et al.
(author)
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A systematic mapping of substance use, misuse, abuse and addiction prevention research: Current status and implications for future research
- 2020
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In: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 25:3, s. 231-237
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Since the turn of the millennium, research within the field of substance-related problems has grown rapidly. This paper maps the effectiveness of existing research on substance use, misuse, abuse, and addiction prevention. Method: In this systematic mapping review, we searched the Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO using multiple terms related to substance use, misuse, abuse, and addiction prevention to assess systematic reviews evaluating prevention interventions. All records were assessed by two independent reviewers. Information about population, substances targeted, and effectiveness were extracted for each of the included reviews. The evaluated interventions were categorized into 12 types of interventions. Result: For the 532 reviews mapped, we found 12 types of interventions dividedinto two major categories: individual-focused interventions (n = 451) and population-based interventions (n = 111). For each intervention category, many reviews showed positive effects for technology-based interven- tions, multimodal interventions, and drink-driving interventions. The mapping also highlights areas, including physical activity and interventions in specific arenas, where the reviews present very incon- sistent results. Conclusions: The findings presented in this review serve as a guide of existing research that can be used to inform practitioners and policy makers about interventions conducted as well as highlighting important areas for future research.
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| 17. |
- Punzi, Elisabeth, 1968, et al.
(author)
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Behavioral misuse among clients in substance abuse treatment. An interview study.
- 2016
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In: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 21:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The co-occurrence of substance misuse and behavioral misuse such as excessive food intake, sexual activities, gambling and exercise has been increasingly acknowledged in both research and treatment practice during the last decades. It has also been showed that behavioral misuse complicates substance abuse treatment, and that clients with such co-occurring difficulties have considerable treatment needs.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Romelsjö, Anders
(author)
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The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and the severity of addiction : how large are the associations?
- 2004
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In: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 9:3-4, s. 127-131
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Alcohol use is one of the seven domains covered by the addiction severity index (ASI), but this does not include any assessment of severity of dependence.Aim: To study the relation between alcohol-dependence severity and the ASI composite scores.Design: Interviews by trained lay interviewers with 942 patients in the specialized addiction section of the healthcare sector of the treatment system in Stockholm County in 2000-2001.Participants: Five hundred and seventeen patients with alcohol as their main problem and 408 patients with drugs as their main problem were included, excluding those who had both alcohol and drug problems.Measurement: The interview included questions necessary to construct ASI composite scores, and questions adapted from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) instrument to make the diagnosis of alcohol or drug dependence in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, tenth revision (ICD-10), with six criteria.Findings: For alcohol use among alcohol-dependent subjects and for drug use among drug-dependent subjects, analyses showed a correlation between composite scores and number of dependence items (0.40 and 0.43 respectively). The correlation coefficients for the other six ASI composites scores were less than 0.20.Conclusion: The domains in the ASI cover important fields in most people's lives, which sometimes may not be related to alcohol or drug use. In future work, the relation between the different domains in the ASI and alcohol and drug dependence should be worked out in a conceptual model.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Room, Robin, et al.
(author)
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Sources of informal pressure on problematic drinkers to cut down or seek treatment
- 2004
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In: Journal of Substance Use. - Abingdon : Radcliffe Publishing. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 9:6, s. 280-295
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To examine how patterns of expressions of concern about drinking from family members and friends differ according to the demographic characteristics of the drinker.Method: A probability sample of adult treated (n=926) and untreated (n=672) problem-drinking individuals from a Northern California county. Logistic regression analysis was used to predict having received pressure about drinking from a specific family member or friend.Results: Spouses and significant others were the most common relations to have said anything about the respondent's drinking, suggested they cut down or given an ultimatum to enter treatment. When controlling for severity, the respondent's degree of dependence and number of social consequences strongly predicted pressure from all sources. Having a higher income remained a strong predictor of pressure by a spouse, while having a lower income was significant in receiving pressure from siblings and other relatives and friends. Younger respondents were more likely to be pressed by a father or mother, while older respondents were more likely to be pressed by sons and daughters.Conclusions: Results show the importance of family relationships other than that with a spouse or significant other, in the efforts at informal control of drinking and efforts to seek treatment.
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| 23. |
- Room, Robin, et al.
(author)
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The share of violence attributable to drinking
- 2001
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In: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 6:4, s. 218-228
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While analysts have differed on whether alcohol causes crime, the differences primarily reflect varying definitions of causation. At a population level, more drinking tends to lead to more violence, and less drinking to less. Estimates of the fraction of violence attributable to alcohol have been based both on individual-level and on population-level data. At the individual level, there seem to be cultural differences in the proportion of violent episodes involving drinking, although it is difficult to determine what proportion of these episodes should be attributed to alcohol. At the aggregate level, there are clear variations between different drinking cultures in the fraction of violence attributable to drinking, with the proportion higher in northern and eastern than in southern Europe. These cultural differences underline that there is no single invariant attributable fraction for alcohol's role in violence. The advantages and disadvantages of further individual- and aggregate-level studies are discussed. Suggestions are made for future lines of research on the connection between drinking and violence.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Stenius, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
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Measuring “addiction” in Europe : the diffusion of the Addiction Severity Index, and its purposes and functions
- 2004
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In: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 9:3-4, s. 105-119
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper discusses what an instrument like the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) offers to various actors in the diverse addiction treatment systems of Europe and what the use of the ASI means and implies at the treatment system level. It is concluded that the adoption of the ASI can be linked to a number of factors, including the demands for cost-efficiency, scientific legitimacy of addiction treatment, professionalization, internationalism, and unification of a diverse system. Furthermore, it considers the specific choices embedded in the structure and content of the ASI--how the use of the ASI structures the user's view of the situation and life-trajectory of the individual client. Features such as the length of the interview, the time frames of the question, the exclusion of measures of dependence and alcohol-/drug-attributable problems and the inclusion of client's rating, are discussed. It is concluded that the opinions about the usefulness of the ASI in Europe vary. For the future of measurement of alcohol and drug problems in Europe, for system monitoring and international comparisons, shorter instruments seem to be the likely path forward. The article draws to a large extent on the papers presented at a conference, "Measuring 'addiction' in Europe: clinical, sociological, cultural and policy aspects of Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and other international instruments", at Skarpö, Sweden, in January 2003.
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| 27. |
- Sundin, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Substance use and strategies to avoid relapses following treatment : A narrative approach with clients undertaking a twelve-step program in Sweden
- 2019
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In: Journal of Substance Use. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 24:2, s. 125-129
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: There is a need for a better understanding of clients who undergo treatment for substance use, especially to avoid relapse. Aims: To identify our clients’ discourses which led to their substance problems and to determine those discursive strategies which have kept them sober.Method: A total of 14 participants at a Swedish municipally-operated treatment program were interviewed about their childhood, teenage years, early experiences with substance, how they recognized they had substance problems, found out about treatment, adopted strategies to maintain sober and whether they noticed identity changes during treatment.Results: Participants saw themselves as the main actors in their life stories even although professional support was one of the important factors in the change to a sober life style. The group mentioned different causes of substance problems such as adverse childhood experiences and loss of stable life patterns; a variety of reasons for seeking treatment, here “turning points” as keeping job and support from others; and different strategies to avoid relapses such as avoiding places where there was alcohol, being frank about their alcohol problems, focusing on one day at a time, attending AA meetings, avoiding romanticizing about alcohol, and participating in new activities and in a government-controlled personal savings program.
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| 28. |
- Tengvald, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Implementering the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) in Swedish human services sectors : Experiences, problems and prospects
- 2004
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In: Journal of Substance Use. - : Taylor and Francis. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 9:3-4, s. 163-171
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In Sweden, agencies within both the health services and the social services sectors are responsible for treatment, rehabilitation and care of persons with substance‐abuse problems. Also in the prison and probation system such problems are common among clients. The article describes how a Swedish version of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) was developed and introduced in these three systems in the late 1990s and the extent of its implementation in regular practice. The ASI is now used for treatment‐planning and outcome‐evaluation purposes and not only for research purposes in Swedish substance‐abuse treatment agencies. A comparison of the implementation of the ASI in the three human services sectors indicates that the top‐down implementation strategies used in the prison and probation system have some important benefits, when compared with bottom‐up strategies, although such strategies are more conducive to dissemination in more decentralized human services systems. But several implementation barriers are common in all three services sectors—for example, high levels of staff turnover and competition with other structured assessment instruments. It is concluded that the prospects for a more widespread use of the ASI in the future depends—in all three human services sectors—both on the external demands for effectiveness and transparency and on internal, particularly managerial, commitment to effective services and evidence‐based practice.
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| 29. |
- Wurdak, Mara, et al.
(author)
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Effectiveness of a brief intervention with and without booster session for adolescents hospitalized due to alcohol intoxication
- 2016
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In: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 21:1, s. 72-77
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The Hart-am-LimiT (HaLT) project is a brief intervention program for adolescents hospitalized due to alcohol intoxication in Germany.Objective: To test whether a booster session has an impact on participants’ drinking behavior compared with the standard HaLT program.Methods: On the morning after their admission due to alcohol intoxication, 411 adolescents in the Federal State of Bavaria were interviewed between October 2008 and January 2010 and socio-demographic data and information on previous drinking behavior were recorded (t1). Eleven to 25 months (M = 16.4) after their hospital treatment, 106 adolescents completed an online questionnaire (t2).Results: Subgroup analysis (ANOVA with repeated measurements) indicated that adolescents who took part in the booster session did not increase episodic heavy drinking (EHD; t1: M = 1.68 EHD d; t2: 1.59 EHD d) in contrast to the non-participating group (t1: M = 1.08 d EHD; t2: 2.66 d EHD; F = 4.383, p = 0.039).Conclusion: Considering the study’s limitations (e.g. no randomization, low response rate, etc.), the results indicate a positive effect of a booster session following a brief intervention for adolescents who have been treated in hospital due to alcohol intoxication. Adolescents should therefore be motivated and encouraged to participate in booster sessions.
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| 30. |
- Ybrandt, Helene, 1954-
(author)
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A normative study of the Swedish adolescent drug abuse diagnosis (ADAD)
- 2013
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In: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 18:2, s. 138-147
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to provide a standardization of the use of the Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis (ADAD) among Swedish adolescents using interview self-reported and interviewer-rated problem severity. Data relating to nine life areas (medical status, school history and status, employment, social activities and peer relations, family background and relationships, psychological status and problems, legal involvement, alcohol use and drug use) were gathered from a randomized population-based sample of 847 adolescents aged 13–18 years. The results show that the effects of age, gender and geographic region were small but significant, with older adolescents, girls and adolescents in cities scoring higher for problem severity. Adolescents’ scorings were in the range “no problems” to “small problems” and the interviewer severity ratings were in the range “no real problems” to “no need for further help”. The conclusion is that individual score variations are much greater than can be attributed to age, gender or residential area. Consequently, the ADAD has the potential to serve as an instrument for assessing individual adolescents’ self-reported problems in Sweden.
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| 31. |
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