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1.
  • Andersson, Claes, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • Developing of the future: scaffolded Darwinism in societal evolution
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - 0140-525X .- 1469-1825. ; 37:4, s. 417-418
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We sympathize with the project of a synthetic approach for devising a "theory of intentional change" and agree that Darwinism should be central in such a theory. But Darwinism is not the only process of evolution that needs to be included. Evolutionary biology itself has taken such a turn recently, with the emergence of developmental evolutionary approaches.
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2.
  • Atmanspacher, Harald, et al. (författare)
  • What are the appropriate axioms of rationality for reasoning under uncertainty with resource-constrained systems?
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0140-525X .- 1469-1825. ; 43
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • When constrained by limited resources, how do we choose axioms of rationality? The target article relies on Bayesian reasoning that encounter serious tractability problems. We propose another axiomatic foundation: quantum probability theory, which provides for less complex and more comprehensive descriptions. More generally, defining rationality in terms of axiomatic systems misses a key issue: rationality must be defined by humans facing vague information.
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3.
  • Balkenius, Christian, et al. (författare)
  • Anticipation requires adaptation
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - 1469-1825. ; 31:2, s. 199-199
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • To successfully interact with a dynamic world, our actions must be guided by a continuously changing anticipated future. Such anticipations must be tuned to the processing delays in the nervous system as well as to the slowness of the body, something that requires constant adaptation of the predictive mechanisms, which in turn require that sensory information be processed at different time-scales.
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4.
  • Bennich-Björkman, Li, 1960- (författare)
  • Intellectual conformism depends on institutional incentives, not on socialized culture :
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - 0140-525X .- 1469-1825. ; 29:6, s. 569-570
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The study by Ceci et al. shows that academic behavior associated with the core principles of intellectual freedom is more shaped by institutional incentives than by organizational culture. From an organizational theoretical point of view, this is quite an unexpected finding, not least because we do believe universities to be fairly strong and explicit cultures that should be successful in socialization.
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5.
  • Brinck, Ingar (författare)
  • Nonconceptual content and the distinction between implicit and explicit knowledge
  • 1999
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - 1469-1825. ; 22:5, s. 760-761
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A subject may be in a state with nonconceptual content without having the concepts that describe the state. Nonconceptual content does not seem to be a clear-cut case of either implicit or explicit knowledge. It underlies a kind of practical knowledge that is not reducible to procedural knowledge, and is accessible to the subject and under voluntary control.
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6.
  • Brinck, Ingar (författare)
  • The objects of attention: Causes and targets
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - 1469-1825. ; 26:3, s. 287-287
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The objects of attention can be located anywhere along the causal link from the source of stimuli to the final output of the vision system. As causes, they attract and control attention, and as products, they constitute targets of analysis and explicit comments. Stimulus-driven indexing creates pointers that support fast and frugal cognition.
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9.
  • Collier, Elizabeth S, et al. (författare)
  • Don’t throw the individual perspective out while waiting for systemic change
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0140-525X .- 1469-1825. ; 46
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Although it is clear that i-frame approaches cannot stand alone, the impact of s-frame changes can plateau. Combinations of these approaches may best reflect what we know about behavior and how to support behavioral change. Interactions between i-frame and s-frame thinking are explored here using two examples: alcohol consumption and meat consumption.
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10.
  • Crawford, Jarret T., et al. (författare)
  • It may be harder than we thought, but political diversity will (still) improve social psychological science
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - 0140-525X .- 1469-1825. ; 38
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In our target article, we made four claims: (1) Social psychology is now politically homogeneous; (2) this homogeneity sometimes harms the science; (3) increasing political diversity would reduce this damage; and (4) some portion of the homogeneity is due to a hostile climate and outright discrimination against non-liberals. In this response, we review these claims in light of the arguments made by a diverse group of commentators. We were surprised to find near-universal agreement with our first two claims, and we note that few challenged our fourth claim. Most of the disagreements came in response to our claim that increasing political diversity would be beneficial. We agree with our critics that increasing political diversity may be harder than we had thought, but we explain why we still believe that it is possible and desirable to do so. We conclude with a revised list of 12 recommendations for improving political diversity in social psychology, as well as in other areas of the academy.
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  • Dreber Almenberg, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Retaliation and antisocial punishment are overlooked in many theoretical models as well as behavioral experiments
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1469-1825 .- 0140-525X. ; 35:1, s. 24-24
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Guala argues that there is a mismatch between most laboratory experiments on costly punishment and behavior in the field. In the lab, experimental designs typically suppress retaliation. The same is true for most theoretical models of the co-evolution of costly punishment and cooperation, which a priori exclude the possibility of defectors punishing cooperators.
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13.
  • Duarte, Jose L., et al. (författare)
  • Political diversity will improve social psychological science
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - 0140-525X .- 1469-1825. ; 38
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Psychologists have demonstrated the value of diversity - particularly diversity of viewpoints - for enhancing creativity, discovery, and problem solving. But one key type of viewpoint diversity is lacking in academic psychology in general and social psychology in particular: political diversity. This article reviews the available evidence and finds support for four claims: (1) Academic psychology once had considerable political diversity, but has lost nearly all of it in the last 50 years. (2) This lack of political diversity can undermine the validity of social psychological science via mechanisms such as the embedding of liberal values into research questions and methods, steering researchers away from important but politically unpalatable research topics, and producing conclusions that mischaracterize liberals and conservatives alike. (3) Increased political diversity would improve social psychological science by reducing the impact of bias mechanisms such as confirmation bias, and by empowering dissenting minorities to improve the quality of the majority's thinking. (4) The underrepresentation of non-liberals in social psychology is most likely due to a combination of self-selection, hostile climate, and discrimination. We close with recommendations for increasing political diversity in social psychology.
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  • Ellingsen, Tore, et al. (författare)
  • Puritanical moralism may signal patience rather than cause self-control
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0140-525X .- 1469-1825. ; 46
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We argue that people may resist temptations not only with the aim of acquiring more self-control, but also because they want to convince others that they are patient and already possess self-control.
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17.
  • Gärdenfors, Peter (författare)
  • Conceptual spaces as a framework for knowledge representation
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - 1469-1825. ; 27:3, s. 403-403
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • I focus on the distinction between sensation and perception. Perceptions contain additional information that is useful for interpreting sensations. Following Grush, I propose that emulators can be seen as containing (or creating) hidden variables that generate perceptions from sensations. Such hidden variables could be used to explain further cognitive phenomena, for example, causal reasoning.
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18.
  • Gärdenfors, Peter (författare)
  • Emulators as sources of hidden variables
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - 1469-1825. ; 27:3, s. 403-403
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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19.
  • Gärdenfors, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • Evolutionary mechanisms of teaching
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0140-525X .- 1469-1825. ; 38, s. 25-26
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We argue that Kline’s analysis does not account for the evolutionary mechanisms that can explain the uniqueness of human teaching. We suggest that data should be complemented by an analysis of archaeological material with respect to what forms of teaching are required for the transmission of technologies over generations.
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20.
  • Gärdenfors, Peter (författare)
  • Teaching unleashes expression
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: The Behavioral and brain sciences. - 1469-1825. ; 46, s. 9-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • I propose that the evolution of teaching has been central in extending manipulative intentions. Demonstrating may be the evolutionarily first form of expression that is productive, ostensive, and involves informative intention. Demonstration also involves theory of mind. Then pantomime goes a step further and involves a communicative intention. Pantomime can thereby function as displaced communication used for more complex expressions.
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21.
  • Gärdenfors, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • Where does the elephant come from? : The evolution of causal cognition is the key
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0140-525X .- 1469-1825. ; 43, s. 25-26
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Osiurak and Reynaud do not explain the evolutionary emergence and development of the elephant in the room, that is, technical cognition. We first argue that there is a tight correlation between the evolution of cumulative technological culture (CTC) and the evolution of reasoning about abstract forces. Second, intentional teaching plays a greater role in CTC evolution than acknowledged in the target article. 
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  • Hertwig, Ralph, et al. (författare)
  • Out of the Theoretical Cul-de-sac (Commentary)
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - 1469-1825. ; 27:3, s. 341-342
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A key premise of the heuristics-and-biases program is that heuristics are “quite useful.” Let us now pay more than lip service to this premise, and analyse the environmental structures that make heuristics more or less useful. Let us also strike from the long list of biases those phenomena that are not biases and explore to what degree those that remain are adaptive or can be understood as by-products of adaptive mechanisms.
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27.
  • Holm, Linus, 1978-, et al. (författare)
  • Whenever next : Hierarchical timing of perception and action
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - New York, NY, USA : Cambridge University Press. - 0140-525X .- 1469-1825. ; 36:3, s. 217-218
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The target article focuses on the predictive coding of "what" and "where" something happened and the "where" and "what" response to make. We extend that scope by addressing the "when" aspect of perception and action. Successful interaction with the environment requires predictions of everything from millisecond-accurate motor timing to far future events. The hierarchical framework seems appropriate for timing.
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28.
  • Jacobs, Ivo, et al. (författare)
  • The false dichotomy of domain-specific versus domain-general cognition
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - 1469-1825. ; 40, s. 34-35
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The qualitative division between domain-general and domain-specificcognition is unsubstantiated. The distinction is instead betterviewed as opposites on a gradual scale, which has more explanatorypower and fits current empirical evidence better. We also argue thatcausal cognition may be more general than social learning, which itoften involves.
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29.
  • Johansson, Petter, et al. (författare)
  • Choice blindness and the non-unitary nature of the mind (Commentary on von Hippel and Trivers)
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - 1469-1825. ; 34:1, s. 28-29
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Abstract in Undetermined Experiments on choice blindness support von Hippel & Trivers's (VH&T's) conception of the mind as fundamentally divided, but they also highlight a problem for VH&T's idea of non-conscious self-deception: If I try to trick you into believing that I have a certain preference, and the best way is to also trick myself, I might actually end up having that preference, at all levels of processing.
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30.
  • Johansson, Sverker (författare)
  • Neanderthals did speak, but FOXP2 doesn't prove it
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - 0140-525X .- 1469-1825. ; 37:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Ackermann et al. treat both genetic and paleoanthropological data too superficially to support their conclusions. The case of FOXP2 and Neanderthals is a prime example, which I will comment on in some detail; the issues are much more complex than they appear in Ackermann et al.
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31.
  • Johansson, Sverker, et al. (författare)
  • Why don't chimps talk and humans sing like canaries?
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - 1469-1825 .- 0140-525X. ; 29:3, s. 287-288
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • We focus on two problems with the evolutionary scenario proposed: (1) It bypasses the question of the origins of the communicative and semiotic features that make language distinct from, say, pleasant but meaningless sounds. (2) It does little to explain the absence of language in, for example, chimpanzees: Most of the selection pressures invoked apply just as strongly to chimps. We suggest how these problems could possibly be amended.
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33.
  • Juslin, Patrik N, et al. (författare)
  • Emotional responses to music : the need to consider underlying mechanisms
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - 0140-525X .- 1469-1825. ; 31:5, s. 559-575
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Research indicates that people value music primarily because of the emotions it evokes. Yet, the notion of musical emotions remains controversial, and researchers have so far been unable to offer a satisfactory account of such emotions. We argue that the study of musical emotions has suffered from a neglect of underlying mechanisms. Specifically, researchers have studied musical emotions without regard to how they were evoked, or have assumed that the emotions must be based on the "default" mechanism for emotion induction, a cognitive appraisal. Here, we present a novel theoretical framework featuring six additional mechanisms through which music listening may induce emotions: (1) brain stem reflexes, (2) evaluative conditioning, (3) emotional contagion, (4) visual imagery, (5) episodic memory, and (6) musical expectancy. We propose that these mechanisms differ regarding such characteristics as their information focus, ontogenetic development, key brain regions, cultural impact, induction speed, degree of volitional influence, modularity, and dependence on musical structure. By synthesizing theory and findings from different domains, we are able to provide the first set of hypotheses that can help researchers to distinguish among the mechanisms. We show that failure to control for the underlying mechanism may lead to inconsistent or non-interpretable findings. Thus, we argue that the new framework may guide future research and help to resolve previous disagreements in the field. We conclude that music evokes emotions through mechanisms that are not unique to music, and that the study of musical emotions could benefit the emotion field as a whole by providing novel paradigms for emotion induction.
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34.
  • Juslin, Patrik N., 1969- (författare)
  • Mind the gap : The mediating role of emotion mechanisms in social bonding through musical activities
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 0140-525X .- 1469-1825. ; 44
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • I support the MSB framework, but submit that the authors’ predictions lack discriminative power, and that they do not engage sufficiently with the emotion mechanisms that mediate between musical features and social bonding. I elaborate on how various mechanisms may contribute in unique ways to social bonding at various levels to help account for the socio-emotional effects of music.
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35.
  • Juslin, Patrik N, 1969- (författare)
  • Resilience : Mediated not by one, but many appraisal mechanisms
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 0140-525X .- 1469-1825. ; 38
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Kalisch et al. discuss the causal process underlying stress in terms of a multidimensional goal-appraisal process, but there are several mechanisms at various levels of the brain that use different types of information to guide behavior. Depending on the mechanism, the characteristics of the process are different. Hence, both research and prevention must deal with appraisal in mechanism-specific ways.
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  • Koppel, Lina, et al. (författare)
  • Individual-level solutions may support system-level change & acirc; if they are internalized as part of one & apos;s social identity
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 0140-525X .- 1469-1825. ; 46
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • System-level change is crucial for solving societys most pressing problems. However, individual-level interventions may be useful for creating behavioral change before system-level change is in place and for increasing necessary public support for system-level solutions. Participating in individual-level solutions may increase support for system-level solutions - especially if the individual-level solutions are internalized as part of ones social identity.
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  • Madison, Guy, 1961- (författare)
  • Human female exogamy is supported by cross-species comparisons : Cause to recognise sex differences in societal policy?
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - 0140-525X .- 1469-1825. ; 32:5, s. 400-400
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A sex difference in the tendency to outbreed (female exogamy) is a premise for the target article's proposed framework, which receives some support by being shared with chimpanzees but not with more distantly related primates. Further empirical support is provided, and it is suggested that recognition of sex differences might improve effective fairness, taking sexual assault as a case in point.
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41.
  • Madison, Guy, et al. (författare)
  • Statistical learning and prejudice
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - New York, NJ, USA : Cambridge University Press. - 0140-525X .- 1469-1825. ; 35:6, s. 440-441
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Human behavior is guided by evolutionarily shaped brain mechanisms that make statistical predictions based on limited information. Such mechanisms are important for facilitating interpersonal relationships, avoiding dangers, and seizing opportunities in social interaction. We thus suggest that it is essential for analyses of prejudice and prejudice reduction to take the predictive accuracy and adaptivity of the studied prejudices into account.
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  • Osvath, Mathias, et al. (författare)
  • A theory stuck in evolutionary and historical time
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - 1469-1825. ; 42
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We argue that the two temporal cognition systems are conceptually too confined to be helpful in understanding the evolution of temporal cognition. In fact, we doubt there are two systems. In relation to this, we question that the authors did not describe the results of our planning study on ravens correctly, as this is of consequence to their theory.
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  • Pärnamets, Philip, et al. (författare)
  • Letting rationalizations out of the box
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - 0140-525X .- 1469-1825. ; 43
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We are very happy that someone has finally tried to make sense of rationalization. But we are worried about the representational structure assumed by Cushman, particularly the "boxology" belief-desire model depicting the rational planner, and it seems to us he fails to accommodate many of the interpersonal aspects of representational exchange.
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