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| 18. |
- Ghani, Mozhdeh, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-linked superfine electrospun tragacanth-based biomaterial as scaffolds for tissue engineering
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Cells & Materials. - Davos, Switzerland : AO Research Institute Davos. - 1473-2262. ; 31:Suppl. 1, s. 204-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural polymer-based nanofibrous structures promote cell adhesion and proliferation due to their high surface area/volume ratio, high porosity, and similarity to native extracellular matrix in terms of both chemical composition and physical structure. Gum tragacanth (Tg) is a natural polysaccharides obtained from plants. It is a biocompatible, biodegradable and anionic polysaccharides that has been used extensively as an emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries. Despite, its good rheological properties and compatibility, the potential biomedical applications of Tg have not been fully investigated. The objective of the present study was to explore the feasibility of combining Tg with gelatin to fabricate a scaffold that serves as a simple collagen-glycosaminoglycans analog for tissue engineering applications, e.g. as a scaffold for human skin epithelial cells.
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| 22. |
- He, Wenxiao, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Biomimetic nanocrystalline apatite resembling bone
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Cells and Materials: 3rd International NanoBio Conference 2010, ETH Zurich, Switzerland August 24-27 2010. - 1473-2262. ; 20:suppl. 3, s. 106-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Hsueh, Ming-Feng, et al.
(författare)
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Cartilage matrix remodelling differs by disease state and joint type
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Cells and Materials. - 1473-2262. ; 34, s. 70-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dramatic alterations in mechanical properties have been documented for osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage. However, the matrix composition underlying these changes has not been mapped and their aetiology is not entirely understood. We hypothesised that an understanding of the cartilage matrix heterogeneity could provide insights into the origin of these OA-related alterations. We generated serial transverse cryo sections for 7 different cartilage conditions: 2 joint sites (knee and hip), 2 disease states (healthy and OA) and 3 tissue depths (superficial, middle and deep). By laser capture microscopy, we acquired ~200 cartilage matrix specimens from territorial (T) and interterritorial (IT) regions for all 7 conditions. A standardised matrix area was collected for each condition for a total of 0.02 ± 0.001 mm3 (corresponding to 20 µg of tissue) from a total of 4800 specimens. Extracted proteins were analysed for abundance by targeted proteomics. For most proteins, a lower IT/T ratio was observed for the OA disease state and knee joint type. A major cause of the altered IT/T ratios was the decreased protein abundance in IT regions. The collagenase-derived type III collagen neo-epitope, indicative of collagen proteolysis, was significantly more abundant in OA cartilage. In addition, it was enriched on average of 1.45-fold in IT relative to T matrix. These results were consistent with an elevated proteolysis in IT regions of OA cartilage, due to degenerative influences originating from synovial tissue and/or produced locally by chondrocytes. In addition, they offered direct evidence for dynamic remodelling of cartilage and provided a cogent biochemical template for understanding the alterations of matrix mechanical properties.
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| 26. |
- Hulsart-Billström, Gry, et al.
(författare)
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A surprisingly poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo testing of biomaterials for bone regeneration : Results of a multicentre analysis
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Cells & Materials. - 1473-2262. ; 31, s. 312-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New regenerative materials and approaches need to be assessed through reliable and comparable methods for rapid translation to the clinic. There is a considerable need for proven in vitro assays that are able to reduce the burden on animal testing, by allowing assessment of biomaterial utility predictive of the results currently obtained through in vivo studies. The purpose of this multicentre review was to investigate the correlation between existing in vitro results with in vivo outcomes observed for a range of biomaterials. Members from the European consortium BioDesign, comprising 8 universities in a European multicentre study, provided data from 36 in vivo studies and 47 in vitro assays testing 93 different biomaterials. The outcomes of the in vitro and in vivo experiments were scored according to commonly recognised measures of success relevant to each experiment. The correlation of in vitro with in vivo scores for each assay alone and in combination was assessed. A surprisingly poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo assessments of biomaterials was revealed indicating a clear need for further development of relevant in vitro assays. There was no significant overall correlation between in vitro and in vivo outcome. The mean in vitro scores revealed a trend of covariance to in vivo score with 58 %. The inadequacies of the current in vitro assessments highlighted here further stress the need for the development of novel approaches to in vitro biomaterial testing and validated pre-clinical pipelines.
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| 27. |
- Huss, Fredrik
(författare)
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Where’s the cultured skin?
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Cells & Materials. - 1473-2262. ; 31:Suppl. 1, s. 254-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 31. |
- Karlsson, Lisa K., et al.
(författare)
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Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Single-Cell Clone Fibroblasts Have theCapacity to Alter Their Phenotype Towardsan Endothelial-Like Cell type
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Cells & Materials. - 1473-2262.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We investigated the capacity of normal human dermal fibroblasts to alter their phenotype into an endothelialcell-like phenotype. By utilising in vitro cell culture models, the part played by different types of serum andmedium constituents in inducing a phenotypic change of fibroblasts was investigated. The experiments usedprimary cultures of human endothelial cells, human dermal fibroblasts and single-cell clone fibroblasts. Thelatter cell type was obtained by clonal expansion using a micromanipulator technique. The results showed thatthe presence of human serum in the cell culture medium caused both types of fibroblasts to express vonWillebrand factor, to incorporate fluorochrome-labelled LDL, and to start forming capillary-like networks in asimilar way to endothelial cells. The phenotypic shift was detectable after 4 days of cell culture and reached amaximum after 7-10 days. To our knowledge this is the first report to describe differentiation of humanfibroblasts towards an endothelial cell-like phenotype. The results also show that the underlying mechanism ofthe phenotypic shift is a change in gene expression in the dermal fibroblasts and not fusion between different celltypes. Collectively, the present results indicate that human dermal fibroblasts may be a novel cell source forcreating vascular endothelium.
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| 32. |
- Kontakis, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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Antimicrobial and osteoconductive properties of two different types of titanium silver coating
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Cells & Materials. - : AO RESEARCH INSTITUTE DAVOS-ARI. - 1473-2262. ; 41, s. 694-706
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In prosthetic joint surgery, Ag coating of implant areas in direct contact with bone has been met with hesitation for fear of compromising osseointegration. The physicochemical, antibacterial and osteoconductive properties of three different Ti samples were studied: Ti6Al4V alloy that was grit-blasted (GB), Ti6Al4V alloy with an experimental Ti-Ag-nitride layer (SN) applied by physical vapour deposition (PVD) and commercially available PVD-coated Ti6Al4V alloy with a base Ag layer and a surface Ti-Ag-nitride layer (SSN, clinically known as PorAg (R)). Ag content on the surface of experimental SN and SSN discs was 27.7 %wt and 68.5 % wt, respectively. At 28 d, Ag release was 4 ppm from SN and 26.9 ppm from SSN substrates. Colonisation of discs by Staphylococcus aureus was the highest on GB [944 (+/- 91) x 10(4) CFU/mL], distinctly lower on experimental SN discs [414 (+/- 117) x 10(4) CFU/mL] and the lowest on SSN discs [307 (+/- 126) x 10(4) CFU/mL]. Primary human osteoblasts were abundant 28 d after seeding on GB discs but their adhesion and differentiation, measured by alkaline-phosphatase production, was suppressed by 73 % on SN and by 96 % on SSN discs, in comparison to GB discs. Thus, the PVD-applied Ag coatings differed considerably in their antibacterial effects and osteoconductivity. The experimental SN coating had similar antibacterial effects to the commercially available SSN coating while providing slightly improved osteoconductivity. Balancing the Ag content of Ti implants will be vital for future developments of implants designed for cementless fixation into bone.
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| 33. |
- Kuraitis, D, et al.
(författare)
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A STROMAL CELL-DERIVED FACTOR-1 RELEASING MATRIX ENHANCES THE PROGENITOR CELL RESPONSE AND BLOOD VESSEL GROWTH IN ISCHAEMIC SKELETAL MUSCLE
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Cells & Materials. - : European Cells andamp; Materials Ltd. - 1473-2262. ; 22, s. 109-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although many regenerative cell therapies are being developed to replace or regenerate ischaemic muscle, the lack of vasculature and poor persistence of the therapeutic cells represent major limiting factors to successful tissue restoration. In response to ischaemia, stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is up-regulated by the affected tissue to stimulate stem cell-mediated regenerative responses. Therefore, we encapsulated SDF-1 into alginate microspheres and further incorporated these into an injectable collagen-based matrix in order to improve local delivery. Microsphere-matrix impregnation reduced the time for matrix thermogelation, and also increased the viscosity reached. This double-incorporation prolonged the release of SDF-1, which maintained adhesive and migratory bioactivity, attributed to chemotaxis in response to SDF-1. In vivo, treatment of ischaemic hindlimb muscle with microsphere-matrix led to increased mobilisation of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells, and also improved recruitment of angiogenic cells expressing the SDF-1 receptor (CXCR4) from bone marrow and local tissues. Both matrix and SDF-1-releasing matrix were successful at restoring perfusion, but SDF-1 treatment appeared to play an earlier role, as evidenced by arterioles that are phenotypically older and by increased angiogenic cytokine production, stimulating the generation of a qualitative microenvironment for a rapid and therefore more efficient regeneration. These results support the release of implanted SDF-1 as a promising method for enhancing progenitor cell responses and restoring perfusion to ischaemic tissues via neovascularisation.
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| 36. |
- Lehner, C., et al.
(författare)
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The blood-tendon barrier: Identification and characterisation of a novel tissue barrier in tendon blood vessels
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Cells and Materials. - 1473-2262. ; 31, s. 296-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tissue barriers function as “gate keepers” between different compartments (usually blood and tissue) and are formed by specialised membrane-associated proteins, localising to the apicolateral plasma membrane domain of epithelial and endothelial cells. By sealing the paracellular space, the free diffusion of solutes and molecules across epithelia and endothelia is impeded. Thereby, tissue barriers contribute to the establishment and maintenance of a distinct internal and external environment, which is crucial during organ development and allows maintenance of an organ-specific homeostatic milieu. So far, various epithelial and endothelial tissue barriers have been described, including the blood-brain barrier, the blood-retina barrier, the blood-testis barrier, the blood-placenta barrier, and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-brain barrier, which are vital for physiological function and any disturbance of these barriers can result in severe organ damage or even death. Here, we describe the identification of a novel barrier, located in the vascular bed of tendons, which we term the blood-tendon barrier (BTB). By using immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, and tracer studies we demonstrate the presence of a functional endothelial barrier within tendons restricting the passage of large blood-borne molecules into the surrounding tendon tissue. We further provide in vitro evidence that the BTB potentially contributes to the creation of a distinct internal tissue environment impacting upon the proliferation and differentiation of tendon-resident cells, effects which might be fundamental for the onset of tendon pathologies. © 2016, AO Research Institute. All rights reserved.
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| 37. |
- Ley, Charles, et al.
(författare)
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Osteochondral lesions in distal tarsal joints of Icelandic horses reveal strong associations between hyaline and calcified cartilage abnormalities.
- 2014
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Ingår i: eCells and Materials Journal. - 1473-2262. ; 27, s. 213-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Osteochondral lesions in the joints of the distal tarsal region of young Icelandic horses provide a natural model for the early stages of osteoarthritis (OA) in low-motion joints. We describe and characterise mineralised and non-mineralised osteochondral lesions in left distal tarsal region joint specimens from twenty-two 30 ±1 month-old Icelandic horses. Combinations of confocal scanning light microscopy, backscattered electron scanning electron microscopy (including, importantly, iodine staining) and three-dimensional microcomputed tomography were used on specimens obtained with guidance from clinical imaging. Lesion-types were described and classified into groups according to morphological features. Their locations in the hyaline articular cartilage (HAC), articular calcified cartilage (ACC), subchondral bone (SCB) and the joint margin tissues were identified and their frequency in the joints recorded. Associations and correlations between lesion-types were investigated for centrodistal joints only. In centrodistal joints the lesion-types HAC chondrocyte loss, HAC fibrillation, HAC central chondrocyte clusters, ACC arrest and ACC advance had significant associations and strong correlations. These lesion-types had moderate to high frequency in centrodistal joints but low frequencies in tarsometatarsal and talocalcaneal-centroquartal joints. Joint margin lesion-types had no significant associations with other lesion-types in the centrodistal joints but high frequency in both the centrodistal and tarsometatarsal joints. The frequency of SCB lesion-types in all joints was low. Hypermineralised infill phase lesion-types were detected. Our results emphasise close associations between HAC and ACC lesions in equine centrodistal joints and the importance of ACC lesions in the development of OA in low-motion compression-loaded equine joints.
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| 39. |
- Lilja, Mirjam, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Photocatalytic and bioactive TiO2 thin films deposited by vacuum arc
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Cells & Materials. - Aberystwyth : University of Wales. - 1473-2262. ; 23:Suppl. 5, s. 48-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improving biomedical implants via deposition of functionalised surface coatings is a growing field of research. With respect to implant surfaces, infections present a major problem, and result mostly from the contamination of the surface by bacteria during surgery. UV irradiation induced photocatalysis on crystalline TiO2 implant surfaces may present a promising way to decontaminate surfaces while at the same time providing a bioactive surface for enhanced tissue integration.
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| 46. |
- Notermans, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Tendon mechanobiology in small animal experiments during post-transection healing
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Cells and Materials. - Switzerland : AO Research Institute Davos. - 1473-2262. ; 42, s. 375-391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ruptures to tendons are common and costly, and no clinical consensus exists on the appropriate treatment and rehabilitation regimen to promote their healing as well as full recovery of functionality. Although mechanobiology is known to play an important role in tendon regeneration, the understanding of how mechano-regulated processes affect tendon healing needs further clarification. Many small-animal studies, particularly in rats and mice, have characterized the progression of healing in terms of geometrical, structural, compositional, mechanical, and cellular properties. Some of the properties are also studied under different mechanical loading regimens. The focus of this review is to summarize and generalize the information in the literature regarding spatial and temporal differentiation of tendon properties during rodent tendon healing following full-tendon transection, as well as how this is affected by altered in vivo loading regimens.
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| 49. |
- Roomans, Godfried M.
(författare)
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Tissue engineering and the use of stem/progenitor cells for airway epithelium repair
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Cells & Materials. - : European Cells and Materials. - 1473-2262. ; 19, s. 284-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stem/progenitor cells can be used to repair defects in the airway wall, resulting from e.g., tumors, trauma, tissue reactions following long-time intubations, or diseases that are associated with epithelial damage. Several potential sources of cells for airway epithelium have been identified. These can be divided into two groups. The first group consists of endogenous progenitor cells present in the respiratory tract. This group can be subdivided according to location into (a) a ductal cell type in the submucosal glands of the proximal trachea, (b) basal cells in the intercartilaginous zones of the lower trachea and bronchi, (c) variant Clara cells (Clara v-cells) in the bronchioles and (d) at the junctions between the bronchioles and the alveolar ducts, and (e) alveolar type II cells. This classification of progenitor cell niches is, however, controversial. The second group consists of exogenous stem cells derived from other tissues in the body. This second group can be subdivided into: (a) embryonic stem (ES) cells, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, or amniotic fluid stem cells, (b) side-population cells from bone marrow or epithelial stem cells present in bone marrow or circulation and (c) fat-derived mesenchymal cells. Airway epithelial cells can be co-cultured in a system that includes a basal lamina equivalent, extracellular factors from mesenchymal fibroblasts, and in an air-liquid interface system. Recently, spheroid-based culture systems have been developed. Several clinical applications have been suggested: cystic fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive lung disease, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary edema, and pulmonary hypertension. Clinical applications so far are few, but include subglottic stenosis, tracheomalacia, bronchiomalacia, and emphysema.
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