| 1. |
- BenIsrael, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of degrader bacteria and fungi enriched in rhizosphere soil from a toluene phytoremediation site using DNA stable isotope probing
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Phytoremediation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1522-6514 .- 1549-7879. ; 23:8, s. 846-856
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improved knowledge of the ecology of contaminant-degrading organisms is paramount for effective assessment and remediation of aromatic hydrocarbon-impacted sites. DNA stable isotope probing was used herein to identify autochthonous degraders in rhizosphere soil from a hybrid poplar phytoremediation system incubated under semi-field-simulated conditions. High-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA genes in metagenomic samples separated according to nucleic acid buoyant density was used to identify putative toluene degraders. Degrader bacteria were found mainly within the Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria phyla and classified predominantly as Cupriavidus, Rhodococcus, Luteimonas, Burkholderiaceae, Azoarcus, Cellulomonadaceae, and Pseudomonas organisms. Purpureocillium lilacinum and Mortierella alpina fungi were also found to assimilate toluene, while several strains of the fungal poplar endophyte Mortierella elongatus were indirectly implicated as potential degraders. Finally, PICRUSt2 predictive taxonomic functional modeling of 16S rRNA genes was performed to validate successful isolation of stable isotope-labeled DNA in density-resolved samples. Four unique sequences, classified within the Bdellovibrionaceae, Intrasporangiaceae, or Chitinophagaceae families, or within the Sphingobacteriales order were absent from PICRUSt2-generated models and represent potentially novel putative toluene-degrading species. This study illustrates the power of combining stable isotope amendment with advanced metagenomic and bioinformatic techniques to link biodegradation activity with unisolated microorganisms. Novelty statement: This study used emerging molecular biological techniques to identify known and new organisms implicated in aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation from a field-scale phytoremediation system, including organisms with phyto-specific relevance and having potential for downstream applications (amendment or monitoring) in future and existing systems. Additional novelty in this study comes from the use of taxonomic functional modeling approaches for validation of stable isotope probing techniques. This study provides a basis for expanding existing reference databases of known aromatic hydrocarbon degraders from field-applicable sources and offers technological improvements for future site assessment and management purposes.
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| 2. |
- Bert, Valérie, et al.
(författare)
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How to manage plant biomass originated from phytotechnologies? : Gathering perceptions from end-users
- 2017
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Ingår i: International journal of phytoremediation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1522-6514 .- 1549-7879. ; 19:10, s. 947-954
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A questionnaire survey was carried out in 4 European countries to gather end-user's perceptions of using plants from phytotechnologies in combustion and anaerobic digestion (AD). 9 actors of the wood energy sector from France, Germany and Sweden, and 11 AD platform operators from France, Germany and Austria were interviewed. Questions related to installation, input materials, performed analyses, phytostabilization and phytoextraction. Although the majority of respondents did not know phytotechnologies, results suggested that plant biomass from phytomanaged areas could be used in AD and combustion, under certain conditions. As a potential advantage, these plants would not compete with plants grown on agricultural lands, contaminated lands being not suitable for agriculture production. Main limitations would be related to additional controls in process' inputs and end-products and installations that might generate additional costs. In most cases, price of phytotechnologies biomass was mentioned as a driver to potentially use plants from metal-contaminated soils. Plants used in phytostabilisation or phytoexclusion were thought to be less risky and, consequently, benefited from a better theoretical acceptance than those issued from phytoextraction. Results were discussed according to national regulations. One issue related to the regulatory gap concerning the status of the plant biomass produced on contaminated land.
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| 3. |
- Bodin, Hristina, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of biopellets composed of microalgae and fungi on cadmium present at environmentally relevant levels in water
- 2017
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Ingår i: International journal of phytoremediation. - : Taylor & Francis: STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles. - 1522-6514 .- 1549-7879. ; 19:5, s. 500-504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Removal of cadmium (Cd) present at low levels (1 µg L−1) in water was investigated using three different microorganism treatments: the microalga Chlorella vulgaris, the fungus Aspergillus niger and for the first time biopellets composed of C. vulgaris and A. niger. After 5 days, all microorganism treatments resulted in significantly lower Cd concentrations compared with the control. Biopellets treatment resulted in significantly lower pH values than other microorganism treatments, indicating that the biopellets should be investigated further for their water treatment capacity, since pH is a factor affecting the fate of numerous pollutants in water. Use of biopellets as a method to simplify harvesting of microalgae from water is also suggested.
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| 4. |
- Bodin, Hristina, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of biopellets composed of microalgae and fungi on cadmium present at environmentally relevant levels in water
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Phytoremediation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1522-6514 .- 1549-7879. ; 19, s. 500-504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Removal of cadmium (Cd) present at low levels (1 mu g L-1) in water was investigated using three different microorganism treatments: the microalga Chlorella vulgaris, the fungus Aspergillus niger, and for the first time biopellets composed of C. vulgaris and A. niger. After 5days, all microorganism treatments resulted in significantly lower Cd concentrations compared with the control. Biopellets treatment resulted in significantly lower pH values than other microorganism treatments, indicating that the biopellets should be investigated further for their water treatment capacity, since pH is a factor affecting the fate of numerous pollutants in water. Use of biopellets as a method to simplify harvesting of microalgae from water is also suggested.
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| 5. |
- Dimitriou, Ioannis
(författare)
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Agronomic Practices for Improving Gentle Remediation of Trace Element-Contaminated Soils
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Phytoremediation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1522-6514 .- 1549-7879. ; 17, s. 1005-1037
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The last few decades have seen the rise of Gentle soil Remediation Options (GRO), which notably include in situ contaminant stabilization ("inactivation") and plant-based (generally termed "phytoremediation") options. For trace element (TE)-contaminated sites, GRO aim to either decrease their labile pool and/or total content in the soil, thereby reducing related pollutant linkages. Much research has been dedicated to the screening and selection of TE-tolerant plant species and genotypes for application in GRO. However, the number of field trials demonstrating successful GRO remains well below the number of studies carried out at a greenhouse level. The move from greenhouse to field conditions requires incorporating agronomical knowledge into the remediation process and the ecological restoration of ecosystem services. This review summarizes agronomic practices against their demonstrated or potential positive effect on GRO performance, including plant selection, soil management practices, crop rotation, short rotation coppice, intercropping/row cropping, planting methods and plant densities, harvest and fertilization management, pest and weed control and irrigation management. Potentially negative effects of GRO, e.g., the introduction of potentially invasive species, are also discussed. Lessons learnt from long-term European field case sites are given for aiding the choice of appropriate management practices and plant species.
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| 6. |
- Galgali, Padmaja, et al.
(författare)
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Remediation of potentially toxic elements -containing wastewaters using water hyacinth - a review
- 2023
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Ingår i: International journal of phytoremediation. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. - 1522-6514 .- 1549-7879. ; 25:2, s. 172-186
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- For a long time, water hyacinth has been considered a very stubborn and troublesome weed. However, research has shown that it can be used to remove many pollutants from water. Among the different pollutants, potentially toxic elements (PTE) or their ions have been found to be very toxic for humans, animals, and plants. Among the many conventional methods for removing PTE from wastewaters, phytoremediation has several advantages. This method is highly eco-friendly, cost-effective, and can remove a wide range of metal pollutants and organic pollutants. Both, living and non-living water hyacinth plants, can be used for remediation - either entirely or their parts. Study on mechanisms and different factors involved in the process would help to effectively use water hyacinth for remediation. This review presents different studies conducted in the past thirty years for the removal of PTEs. Detailed analysis of the work done in this field showed that in spite of the main advantages provided by the plant, not much has been done to increase the efficiency of the remediation process and for reusing the water hyacinth biomass for other applications after desorption of the PTE. Hence, the section on scope for future work highlights these prospective ideas. Novelty statement: Water hyacinth, which is a very stubborn weed and has a negative impact on the environment, can be constructively used to remove potentially toxic elements (PTEs) along with other pollutants from wastewaters. Different parts of the water hyacinth plant like roots, leaves, and stems or the entire plant can be used. Further, either the live plant or its other forms, such as dried powder, biochar, or activated carbon can be used. This review focuses on different forms of water hyacinth plant used, the advantages and limitations associated with these methods and the scope for future work.
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| 7. |
- Greger, Maria, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Novel Field Data on Phytoextraction : Pre-Cultivation With Salix Reduces Cadmium in Wheat Grains
- 2015
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Ingår i: International journal of phytoremediation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1522-6514 .- 1549-7879. ; 17:10, s. 917-924
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cadmium (Cd) is a health hazard, and up to 43% of human Cd intake comes from wheat products, since Cd accumulates in wheat grains. Salix spp. are high-accumulators of Cd and is suggested for Cd phytoextraction from agricultural soils. We demonstrate, in field, that Salix viminalis can remove Cd from agricultural soils and thereby reduce Cd accumulation in grains of wheat subsequently grown in a Salix-treated field. Four years of Salix cultivation reduce Cd concentration in the soil by up to 27% and in grains of the post-cultivated wheat by up to 33%. The higher the plant density of the Salix, the greater the Cd removal from the soil and the lower the Cd concentration in the grains of post-cultivated wheat, the Cd reduction remaining stable several years after Salix cultivation. The effect occurred in both sandy and clayey soil and in winter and spring bread wheat cultivars. Already one year of Salix cultivation significantly decrease Cd in post grown wheat grains. With this field experiment we have demonstrated that phytoextraction can reduce accumulation of a pollutant in post-cultivated wheat and that phytoextraction has no other observed effect on post-cultivated crops than reduced uptake of the removed pollutant.
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| 8. |
- Greger, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Use of Willow in Phytoextraction
- 1999
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Ingår i: International journal of phytoremediation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1522-6514 .- 1549-7879. ; 1:2, s. 115-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Willow is shown to be able to accumulate high levels of heavy metal ions suchas cadmium and zinc. The properties of willow to be used in phytoextractiontherefore have been studied. In this article, results from different studies on heavymetals and willow have been used to demonstrate the capacity and possibility ofusing Salix in phytoextraction
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| 9. |
- Hebbani, Ananda Vardhan, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of cadmium biosorption property of de-oiled palm kernel cake
- 2021
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Ingår i: International journal of phytoremediation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1522-6514 .- 1549-7879. ; 23:5, s. 522-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cadmium contamination is a global concern because of its widespread nature of polluting both biotic and abiotic components of ecosystem. Though many natural, chemical/synthetic components have been researched for remediation of cadmium, development of an eco-friendly, economic biosorbent still remains a challenge. Deoiled palm kernel cake (DOPC), a byproduct from palm-oil mills was investigated in the present study for its cadmium remediating capacity. DOPC was immobilized using sodium alginate polymer and biosorption studies were carried out using DOPC as adsorbent for removal of cadmium. Research revealed biosorption potential of DOPC and the optimum conditions for maximum biosorption of cadmium have been identified as 120 min of contact time, 150 rpm of agitation speed, pH 6 and 15 mg/L of initial cadmium concentration. Maximum percentage of adsorption was 99% by using 1.5 g/100 ml of adsorbent. The adsorption equilibrium data Biosorbent was characterized before and after adsorption by FTIR which showed the involvement of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino-groups. Statement of noveltyCadmium pollution and the leading environmental problems is a global concern. Despite various attempts for development of different matrices for remediation of cadmium from contaminated samples, application of deoiled palm kernel cake (DOPC) as a biosorbent is not being explored. Present study provides quantitative data relating the richness of phytochemical repertoire DOPC possess, its resulting radical scavenging potential and its applications as an efficient, eco-friendly and economic alternative as a biosorbent matrix material for cadmium bio-remediation.
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| 10. |
- Hossain, Monayem, et al.
(författare)
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Silicon alleviates arsenic-induced toxicity in wheat through vacuolar sequestration and ROS scavenging
- 2018
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Ingår i: International journal of phytoremediation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1522-6514 .- 1549-7879. ; 20:8, s. 796-804
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arsenic (As) is a phytotoxic element causing health hazards. This work investigates whether and how silicon (Si) alleviates As toxicity in wheat. The addition of Si under As-stress significantly improved morphophysiological characteristics, total protein, and membrane stability compared to As-stressed plants, suggesting that Si does have critical roles in As detoxification in wheat. Analysis of arsenate reductase activity and phytosiderophore (PS) release reveals their no involvement in the Si-mediated alleviation of As in wheat. Furthermore, Si supplementation in As-stressed plants showed a significant increase of As in roots but not in shoots compared with the plants grown under As stress. Further, gene expression analysis of two chelating molecules, TaPCS1 (phytochelatin synthase) and TaMT1 (metallothionein synthase) showed significant induction due to Si application under As stress compared with As-stressed plants. It is consistent with the physiological observations and suggests that alleviation of As toxicity in rice might be associated with As sequestration in roots leading to reduced As translocation in shoots. Furthermore, increased catalase, peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities in roots imply the active involvement of reactive oxygen species scavenging for protecting wheat plants from As-induced oxidative injury. The study provides mechanistic evidence on the beneficial effect of Si on As toxicity in wheat plants.
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| 11. |
- Javed, Muhammad Tariq, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Cadmium triggers Elodea canadensis to change the surrounding water pH and thereby Cd uptake
- 2011
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Ingår i: International journal of phytoremediation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1522-6514 .- 1549-7879. ; 13:1, s. 95-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was aimed to investigate the influence of Elodea canadensis shoots on surrounding water pH in the presence of cadmium and the effect of plant-induced pH on cadmium uptake. The pH change in the surrounding nutrient solution and Cd uptake by Elodea shoots were investigated after cultivation of various plant densities (1, 3, 6 plants per 500 ml) in hydroponics at a starting pH of 4.0 and in the presence of different concentrations of cadmium (0, 0.1, 0.5 µM). Cadmium uptake was also investigated at different constant pH (4.0, 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5). To investigate if the pH change arose from photosynthetic activities, plants were grown under light, darkness or in the presence of a photosynthetic inhibitor, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), and 0.5 µM cadmium in the solution. Elodea had an ability to increase the surrounding water pH, when the initial pH was low, which resulted in increased accumulation of Cd. The higher the plant density, the more pronounced was the pH change. The pH increase was not due to the photosynthetic activity since the pH rise was more pronounced under darkness and in the presence of DCMU. The pH increase by Elodea was triggered by cadmium.
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| 12. |
- Marchand, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Medicago sativa L. and compost on organic and inorganic pollutant removal from a mixed contaminated soil and risk assessment using ecotoxicological tests
- 2016
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Ingår i: International journal of phytoremediation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1522-6514 .- 1549-7879. ; 18:11, s. 1136-1147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several Gentle Remediation Options (GRO), e.g. plant-based options (phytoremediation), singly and combined with soil amendments, can be simultaneously efficient for degrading organic pollutants and either stabilizing or extracting trace elements (TE). Here, a 5-month greenhouse trial was performed to test the efficiency of Medicago sativa L., singly and combined with a compost addition (30% w/w), to treat soils contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC), Co and Pb collected at an auto scrap yard. After five months, total soil Pb significantly decreased in the compost-amended soil planted with M. sativa, but not total soil Co. Compost incorporation into the soil promoted PHC degradation, M. sativa growth and survival, and shoot Pb concentrations (3.8 mg/kg DW). Residual risk assessment after the phytoremediation trial showed a positive effect of compost amendment on plant growth and earthworm development. The O2 uptake by soil microorganisms was lower in the compost-amended soil, suggesting a decrease in microbial activity. This study underlined the benefits of the phytoremediation option based on M. sativa cultivation and compost amendment for remediating PHC and Pb contaminated soils.
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| 13. |
- Neuschütz, Clara, et al.
(författare)
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Ability of various plant species to prevent N, P, and metal leakage from sewage sludge
- 2010
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Ingår i: International journal of phytoremediation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1522-6514 .- 1549-7879. ; 12:1, s. 67-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The preventive effect of vegetation on nutrient and metal leakage from sewage sludge (SS) used in treatment of mine waste was investigated. In a 10-week greenhouse study, the release of ammonium, nitrate, phosphate, Cd, Cu, and Zn from SS was analyzed in the absence (control) and presence of basket willow, fireweed, reed Canary grass (RCG), and Scots pine. Plants significantly decreased the leakage by reducing the amount of leachate, and lowered the concentrations of phosphate (to 0.1 mg L-1), Cu (0.8 mg L-1), and Zn (2.2 mg L-1); and plants increased the pH in the leachate towards the end of the experiment. The most efficient plant was RCG that significantly decreased the total leakage of all pollutants. However, plants could not counteract high initial concentrations of ammonium and nitrate (< 400 mg L-1 of both) and drop in pH (to 4.5), or increasing Cd release (< 9.7 μg L-1). RCG and fireweed used both ammonium and nitrate as nitrogen source and were more efficient in preventing nitrate leakage, compared with willow and pine that mainly used ammonium. This study indicates that introduction of RCG is a promising method for phytostabilization of SS, but that alkaline additives are needed to prevent an initial decrease in pH.
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| 14. |
- Pizzul, Leticia, et al.
(författare)
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Degradation of PAH in a Creosote-Contaminated Soil. A Comparison Between the Effects of Willows (Salix Viminalis), Wheat Straw and A Nonionic Surfactant
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Phytoremediation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1522-6514 .- 1549-7879. ; 12, s. 54-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The degradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in an aged creosote-contaminated soil in the presence of Salix viminalis was investigated in a greenhouse experiment. Phenanthrene and pyrene were degraded 100% and 80%, respectively, in the presence of plants but only 68% and 63% without plants. The effects of the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 or the addition of straw, without plants, were also studied. The addition of straw had no effect on PAH degradation compared to the control. Pyrene degradation with Triton X-100 at low concentrations (0.06 l g-1 DW) was comparable to that with plants but was less for anthracene and phenanthrene. The treatments with plants were, according to SIR measurements, dominated by active microorganisms (98.8% of the biomass), whereas all treatments without plants contained mostly dormant or non-growing microorganisms (1.7-2.0% active). Viable counts and active biomass were highly correlated in all treatments and demonstrated that S. viminalis greatly increased microbial populations. Dominant bacteria were grouped according to Gram, fluorescence and oxidase tests and revealed differences between treatments. The presence of S. viminalis or the surfactant enhanced PAH degradation, primarily by a rhizosphere effect on the microbial activity in the former case and by increased bioavailability in the latter case.
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| 15. |
- Rubio, Berta, et al.
(författare)
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NuSTAR
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Phytoremediation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1522-6514 .- 1549-7879. ; 16:1, s. 9-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our knowledge of the properties of atomic nuclei rests mainly on the study of nuclear reactions and radioactive decays. The latter is extremely valuable and often provides the first information on newly synthesized nuclei, but the former has the great advantage of its flexibility. It allows us to vary the degrees-of-freedom in the nucleus that are important such as the excitation energy, the angular momentum, or the rotational frequency (spin) of the final products. By selecting a suitable combination of projectile target and beam energy, we can obtain a variety of results ranging from the reaction products to the character of the states that are populated. © 2006, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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| 16. |
- Schück, Maria, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Plant traits related to the heavy metal removal capacities of wetland plants
- 2019
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Ingår i: International journal of phytoremediation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1522-6514 .- 1549-7879. ; 22:4, s. 427-435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plants are the crucial component of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs). However, heavy metal removal capacity varies between plant species, and the relationships between plant traits and differences in removal capacity remain unclear. This study sought to determine: (1) the relationships between plant traits and removal of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn from water, and (2) the relationships between the removal patterns of these metals. Plants of 34 wetland plant species were exposed to heavy metal concentrations common in stormwater for five days, and 20 traits were measured on each plant. Results indicate that the most important plant traits for heavy metal removal from water are transpiration and high total biomass, especially large amounts of fine roots and leaves. The same traits were generally related to removal both initially and after longer exposure, with stronger correlations found after longer exposure. Plant removal of one metal was likely correlated with removal of the other metals, and the plant removal capacity after 30 min of exposure was correlated with the removal capacity five days later. The present results can be used in selecting plants for enhanced heavy metal removal by FTWs and in identifying additional useful plant species, allowing adaptation to local conditions.
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| 17. |
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