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- Gustafsson, Per M., 1952
(författare)
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Inert gas washout in preschool children.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Paediatric respiratory reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1526-0542. ; 6:4, s. 239-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The multiple-breath inert gas washout (MBW) method is used to measure the efficiency of ventilation distribution in the lungs and to measure the functional residual capacity (FRC). It involves recordings of the concentration of an inert marker gas and respiratory flow at the airway opening when a subject breathes through a sealed facemask or a mouthpiece. The MBW method is particularly useful for lung function testing in preschool children (2-6 years) because it requires only passive cooperation and tidal breathing. The lung clearance index (LCI) is the cumulative expired volume required to clear an inert gas from the lungs, divided by the FRC. The LCI has been shown to be more sensitive than spirometry or airway resistance measurements in detecting lung function abnormalities in young children with cystic fibrosis (CF). The MBW method may be useful also for screening for several other disorders that affect the peripheral airways in children.
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- Wennergren, Göran, 1947
(författare)
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Inflammatory mediators in blood and urine.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Paediatric respiratory reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1526-0542. ; 1:3, s. 259-65
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inflammation plays a major role in the pathophysiology of asthma. Therefore, monitoring of the disease and its management preferably should include assessment of mediators of airways inflammation. Much interest has been focused on using eosinophil granule proteins in blood and urine as markers of asthma inflammation. The eosinophil granule proteins are important mediators in allergic inflammation. They often function well as inflammatory markers when used in controlled clinical studies, and are therefore useful research tools. With urinary eosinophil-derived protein X (EPX) venous blood sampling is avoided. Disadvantages which limit usefulness in clinical practice are overlap between values in patients and controls, a rather weak correlation to traditional lung function variables, elevation of levels by concurrent allergic disease, and the delay between sampling and test results. Urinary excretion of leukotriene E4 (LTE(4)) reflects the production of cysteinyl leukotrienes, which are major mediators in asthma. The excretion of LTE4 possibly reflects lung function better than serum ECP. In the future, monitoring of cytokines may be used in clinical asthma to monitor control and aid in the prognosis of the disease in the young child. Techniques for simple and rapid monitoring of key type 1 and type 2 cytokines are needed.
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