| 1. |
- Agnati, LF, et al.
(författare)
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Possible relevance of receptor-receptor interactions between viral- and host-coded receptors for viral-induced disease
- 2007
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Ingår i: TheScientificWorldJournal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X. ; 7, s. 1073-1081
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been demonstrated that some viruses, such as the cytomegalovirus, code for G-protein coupled receptors not only to elude the immune system, but also to redirect cellular signaling in the receptor networks of the host cells. In view of the existence of receptor-receptor interactions, the hypothesis is introduced that these viral-coded receptors not only operate as constitutively active monomers, but also can affect other receptor function by interacting with receptors of the host cell. Furthermore, it is suggested that viruses could also insert not single receptors (monomers), but clusters of receptors (receptor mosaics), altering the cell metabolism in a profound way. The prevention of viral receptor-induced changes in host receptor networks may give rise to novel antiviral drugs that counteract viral-induced disease.
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| 2. |
- Ahlberg, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Co-adaptive Human-Robot Cooperation : Summary and Challenges
- 2022
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Ingår i: Unmanned Systems. - : World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd. - 2301-3850 .- 2301-3869. ; 10:02, s. 187-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The work presented here is a culmination of developments within the Swedish project COIN: Co-adaptive human-robot interactive systems, funded by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF), which addresses a unified framework for co-adaptive methodologies in human-robot co-existence. We investigate co-adaptation in the context of safe planning/control, trust, and multi-modal human-robot interactions, and present novel methods that allow humans and robots to adapt to one another and discuss directions for future work.
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| 3. |
- Alricsson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Self-related health, physical activity and complaints in Swedish high school students
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X. ; 6, s. 816-826
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this investigation was to study self-related health, physical activity and level of exertion, as well as body complaints in Swedish high school students. A total of 993 high school students aged 16–19 years participated in the study. A questionnaire was completed at school and included questions about self-related health, physical activity behavior, type of physical activity/sport, intensity, duration, possible injuries or complaints, and absence from physical training at school, during the last 3 months. The results showed that 26% of the high school students participated in sports on a regular basis. Males reported significantly better health than females (p < 0.0005). A significantly higher number of females participated in physical activities at a lower level of effort (p < 0.0005) and a higher number of males trained at a higher level of effort (p < 0.005). Sixty-one percent reported body pain during the last 3 months, representing a higher number of females than males (p = 0.03). A higher number of females than males reported complaints from the back (p = 0.002), the knees (p = 0.015), the neck (p = 0.001), and the hip (p = 0.015). Females with body complaints reported poorer health than those without complaints. There was a correlation between poor self-related health and a lower level of physical effort (0.219; p < 0.001). The results showed that the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was high in this population and demonstrated a certain association with self-related health. Therefore, it is important to make it easy for adolescents to perform physical activity at school and during their leisure time in order to prevent chronic diseases.
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| 4. |
- Alvarez, José M
(författare)
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Stable Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Maritime Pine Based on Kanamycin Selection
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2356-6140 .- 1537-744X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An efficient transformation protocol based on kanamycin selection was developed for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of maritime pine embryonal masses. The binary vector pBINUbiGUSint, which contained neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) as a selectable marker gene and beta-glucuronidase (uidA) as a reporter gene, was used for transformation studies. Different factors, such as embryogenic line, bacterial strain, bacterial concentration, and coculture duration, were examined and optimized. For selection of transformants, 15 mgL(-1) kanamycin was used. The highest transformation efficiency (11.4 events per gram of fresh mass) was achieved when a vigorously growing embryonal mass (embryogenic line L01) was cocultivated with Agrobacterium strain AGL1 at the optical density (OD600 nm) of 0.3 for 72 h. Evidence of the stable transgene integration was obtained by polymerase chain reaction for the nptII and uidA genes and expression of the uidA gene. Maturation capacity of the transgenic lines was negatively affected by the transformation process. Induction of axillary shoots by preculturing the embryos with benzyladenine allowed overcoming the low maturation rates of some transformed lines. The transgenic embryos were germinated and the axillar shoots were rooted. Transgenic plants were transferred to potting substrate showing normal growth.
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| 5. |
- Andersen, Lars L, et al.
(författare)
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Workplace Health Promotion and Wellbeing
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2356-6140 .- 1537-744X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Apelfröjd, Senad, et al.
(författare)
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System Efficiency of a Tap Transformer Based Grid Connection Topology Applied on a Direct Driven Generator for Wind Power
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X .- 2356-6140. ; , s. 784295-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results from experiments on a tap transformer based grid connection system for a variable speed vertical axis wind turbine are presented. The tap transformer based system topology consists of a passive diode rectifier, DC-link, IGBT inverter, LCL-filter, and tap transformer. Full range variable speed operation is enabled by using the different step-up ratios of a tap transformer. Simulations using MATLAB/Simulink have been performed in order to study the behavior of the system. A full experimental set up of the system has been used in the laboratory study, where a clone of the on-site generator was driven by an induction motor and the system was connected to a resistive load to better evaluate the performance. Furthermore, the system is run and evaluated for realistic wind speeds and variable speed operation. For a more complete picture of the system performance, a case study using real site Weibull parameters is done, comparing different tap selection options. The results show high system efficiency at nominal power and an increase in overall power output for full tap operation in comparison with the base case, a standard transformer. In addition, the loss distribution at different wind speeds is shown, which highlights the dominant losses at low and high wind speeds. Finally, means for further increasing the overall system efficiency are proposed.
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| 7. |
- Aremu, Olatunde, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood vitamin A capsule supplementation coverage in Nigeria : a multilevel analysis of geographic and socioeconomic inequities.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - Berkshire, UK : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X. ; 10, s. 1901-1914
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a huge public health burden among preschool-aged children in sub-Saharan Africa, and is associated with a high level of susceptibility to infectious diseases and pediatric blindness. We examined the Nigerian national vitamin A capsule (VAC) supplementation program, a short-term cost-effective intervention for prevention of VAD-associated morbidity for equity in terms of socioeconomic and geographic coverage. Using the most current, nationally representative data from the 2008 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey, we applied multilevel regression analysis on 19,555 children nested within 888 communities across the six regions of Nigeria. The results indicate that there was variability in uptake of VAC supplement among the children, which could be attributed to several characteristics at individual, household, and community levels. Individual-level characteristics, such as maternal occupation, were shown to be associated with receipt of VAC supplement. The results also reveal that household wealth status is the only household-level characteristic that is significantly associated with receipt of VAC, while neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and geographic location were the community-level characteristics that determined receipt of VAC. The findings from this study have shown that both individual and contextual socioeconomic status, together with geographic location, is important for uptake of VAC. These findings underscore the need to accord the VAC supplementation program the much needed priority with focus on characteristics of neighborhoods (communities), in addition to individual-level characteristics.
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| 8. |
- Asplund, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Allelic Variation at the Rht8 Locus in a 19th Century Wheat Collection
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X .- 2356-6140. ; , s. 385610-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wheat breeding during the 20th century has put large efforts into reducing straw length and increasing harvest index. In the 1920s an allele of Rht8 with dwarfing effects, found in the Japanese cultivar “Akakomugi,” was bred into European cultivars and subsequently spread over the world. Rht8 has not been cloned, but the microsatellite marker WMS261 has been shown to be closely linked to it and is commonly used for genotyping Rht8. The “Akakomugi” allele is strongly associated with WMS261-192bp. Numerous screens of wheat cultivars with different geographical origin have been performed to study the spread and influence of the WMS261-192bp during 20th century plant breeding. However, the allelic diversity of WMS261 in wheat cultivars before modern plant breeding and introduction of the Japanese dwarfing genes is largely unknown. Here, we report a study of WMS261 allelic diversity in a historical wheat collection from 1865 representing worldwide major wheats at the time. The majority carried the previously reported 164 bp or 174 bp allele, but with little geographical correlation. In a few lines, a rare 182 bp fragment was found. Although straw length was recognized as an important character already in the 19th century, Rht8 probably played a minor role for height variation. The use of WMS261 and other functional markers for analyses of historical specimens and characterization of historic crop traits is discussed.
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| 9. |
- Back, M
(författare)
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Leukotriene receptors: crucial components in vascular inflammation
- 2007
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Ingår i: TheScientificWorldJournal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X. ; 7, s. 1422-1439
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The accumulation of immune cells during vascular inflammation leads to formation of leukotrienes (LTs). While macrophages represent a major source of LT biosynthesis in the proximity of the vascular wall, activated T lymphocytes may, in addition, play a key regulatory role on macrophage expression of LT-forming enzymes. Within the vascular wall, LTs activate cell surface receptors of the BLT and CysLT subtypes expressed on vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. The LT receptor expression on those cells is highly dependent on transcriptional regulation by pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. LT receptor activation on vascular smooth muscle cells is associated with both directly and indirectly induced vasoconstriction, as well as intimal hyperplasia through stimulation of migration and proliferation. On the other hand, endothelial LT receptors induce vasorelaxation and leukocyte recruitment and adhesion. Results fromin vitroandin vivostudies of LT receptor antagonists indicate potential beneficial effects in atherosclerosis and other inflammatory cardiovascular diseases.
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| 10. |
- Bidleman, Terry F, et al.
(författare)
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Chiral Pesticides in Soil and Water and Exchange with the Atmosphere
- 2002
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Ingår i: TheScientificWorldJOURNAL. - : Hindawi Limited. ; 2, s. 357-373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The enantiomers of chiral pesticides are often metabolised at different rates in soil and water, leading to nonracemic residues. This paper reviews enantioselective metabolism of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in soil and water, and the use of enantiomers to follow transport and fate processes. Residues of chiral OCPs and their metabolites are frequently nonracemic in soil, although exceptions occur in which the OCPs are racemic. In soils where enantioselective degradation and/or metabolite formation has taken place, some OCPs usually show the same degradation preference — e.g., depletion of (+)trans-chlordane (TC) and (-)cis-chlordane (CC), and enrichment of the metabolite (+)heptachlor exo-epoxide (HEPX). The selectivity is ambivalent for other chemicals; preferential loss of either (+) or (-)o,p?-DDT and enrichment of either (+) or (-)oxychlordane (OXY) occurs in different soils. Nonracemic OCPs are found in air samples collected above soil which contains nonracemic residues. The enantiomer profiles of chlordanes in ambient air suggests that most chlordane in northern Alabama air comes from racemic sources (e.g., termiticide emissions), whereas a mixture of racemic and nonracemic (volatilisation from soil) sources supplies chlordane to air in the Great Lakes region. Chlordanes and HEPX are also nonracemic in arctic air, probably the result of soil emissions from lower latitudes. The (+) enantiomer of a-hexachlorocyclohexane (a-HCH) is preferentially metabolised in the Arctic Ocean, arctic lakes and watersheds, the North American Great Lakes, and the Baltic Sea. In some marine regions (the Bering and Chukchi Seas, parts of the North Sea) the preference is reversed and (-)a-HCH is depleted. Volatilisation from seas and large lakes can be traced by the appearance of nonracemic a-HCH in the air boundary layer above the water. Estimates of microbial degradation rates for a-HCH in the eastern Arctic Ocean and an arctic lake have been made from the enantiomer fractions (EFs) and mass balance in the water column. Apparent pseudo first-order rate constants in the eastern Arctic Ocean are 0.12 year-1 for (+)a-HCH, 0.030 year-1 for (-)a-HCH, and 0.037 year-1 for achiral ?-HCH. These rate constants are 3–10 times greater than those for basic hydrolysis in seawater. Microbial breakdown may compete with advective outflow for long-term removal of HCHs from the Arctic Ocean. Rate constants estimated for the arctic lake are about 3–8 times greater than those in the ocean.
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| 11. |
- Biswas, Animesh, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Rescue and emergency management of a man-made disaster : Lesson learnt from a collapse factory building, Bangladesh
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - New York, USA : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2356-6140 .- 1537-744X. ; 2015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A tragic disaster occurred on April 24, 2013, in Bangladesh, when a nine storied building in a suburban area collapsed and killed 1115 people and injured many more. The study describes the process of rescue operation and emergency management services provided in the event. Data were collected using qualitative methods including in-depth interviews and a focus group discussion with the involved medical students, doctors, volunteers, and local people. Immediately after the disaster, rescue teams came to the place from Bangladesh Armed Forces, Bangladesh Navy, Bangladesh Air Force, and Dhaka Metropolitan and local Police and doctors, medical students, and nurses from nearby medical college hospitals and private hospitals and students from colleges and universities including local civil people. Doctors and medical students provided 24-hour services at the disaster place and in hospitals. Minor injured patients were treated at health camps and major injured patients were immediately carried to nearby hospital. Despite the limitations of a low resource setting, Bangladesh faced a tremendous challenge to manage the man-made disaster and experienced enormous support from different sectors of society to manage the disaster carefully and saved thousands of lives. This effort could help to develop a standard emergency management system applicable to Bangladesh and other counties with similar settings. © 2015 Animesh Biswas et al.
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| 12. |
- Chen, Qingwen, et al.
(författare)
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Cigarette smoke extract promotes human vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and survival through ERK1/2- and NF-κB-dependent pathways.
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2356-6140 .- 1537-744X. ; 10, s. 2139-2156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tobacco use is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The underlying molecular mechanisms that link cigarette smoke to cardiovascular disease remain unclear. The present study was designed to examine the effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-soluble smoke particles (DSPs) on human aortic smooth muscle cell (HASMC) cultures, and to explore the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signal mechanisms involved. Serum-starved HASMCs were treated with DSPs for up to 48 h. DSPs promoted cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner from 0.05 to 0.2 μl/ml. Activation of ERK1/2 and NF-κB was seen after exposure to DSPs. This occurred in parallel with the increase in cell population, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, and cyclinD1/cyclin-dependent kinase 4 expression. Blocking phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by MAPK inhibitors U0126 and PD98059, and inhibiting activation of NF-κB by IkappaB (IκB) kinase inhibitors wedelolactone or IMD-0354, abolished the DSP effects. However, either a p38 inhibitor (SB203580) or an inhibitor of lipopolysaccharide (polymyxin B), or nicotinic receptor blockers (mecamylamine and alpha-bungarotoxin), did not inhibit a DSP-induced increase in the cell population. DSPs increased the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and the release of interleukin-6 in HASMCs, both of which were inhibited by ERK1/2 or NF-κB pathway inhibitors. Furthermore, cell apoptosis and necrosis were found in serum-starved HASMCs. DSPs decreased cell death and increased B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 expression. Blocking phosphorylation of ERK1/2 or NF-κB attenuated DSP-induced cell death inhibition. Cigarette smoke particles stimulate HASMC proliferation and inhibit cell death. The intracellular signal mechanisms behind this involve activation of ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways.
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| 13. |
- Chokrungvaranont, P., et al.
(författare)
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The Development of Sex Reassignment Surgery in Thailand: A Social Perspective
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X .- 2356-6140.
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reviews the development of gender reassignment in Thailand during the period of 1975-2012, in terms of social attitude, epidemiology, surgical patients' profile, law and regulation, religion, and patients' path from psychiatric assessment to surgery. Thailand healthcare for transsexual patients is described. Figures related to the number of sex reassignment surgeries performed in Thailand over the past 30 years are reported. Transsexual individuals are only apparently integrated within the Thail society: the law system of Thailand in fact, does not guarantee to transsexuals the same rights as in other Western countries; the governmental healthcare does not offer free treatments for transsexual patients. In favor of the transsexual healthcare, instead, the Medical Council of Thailand recently published a policy entitled "Criteria for the treatment of sex change, Census 2009." The goal of this policy was to improve the care of transsexual patients in Thailand, by implementing the Standards of Care of the World Professional Association of Transgender Health. Currently, in Thailand, there are 6 major private groups performing sex reassignment surgery, and mostly performing surgery to patients coming from abroad. Particularly, the largest of these (Preecha's group) has performed nearly 3000 vaginoplasties for male-to-female transsexuals in the last 30 years.
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| 14. |
- Cong, Ronggang, et al.
(författare)
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How to Develop Renewable Power in China? A Cost-Effective Perspective
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2356-6140 .- 1537-744X. ; 2014
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To address the problems of climate change and energy security, Chinese government strived to develop renewable power as an important alternative of conventional electricity. In this paper, the learning curve model is employed to describe the decreasing unit investment cost due to accumulated installed capacity; the technology diffusion model is used to analyze the potential of renewable power. Combined with the investment cost, the technology potential, and scenario analysis of China social development in the future, we develop the Renewable Power Optimization Model (RPOM) to analyze the optimal development paths of three sources of renewable power from 2009 to 2020 in a cost-effective way. Results show that (1) the optimal accumulated installed capacities of wind power, solar power, and biomass power will reach 169000, 20000, and 30000MWin 2020; (2) the developments of renewable power show the intermittent feature; (3) the unit investment costs of wind power, solar power, and biomass power will be 4500, 11500, and 5700 Yuan/KW in 2020; (4) the discounting effect dominates the learning curve effect for solar and biomass powers; (5) the rise of on-grid ratio of renewable power will first promote the development of wind power and then solar power and biomass power.
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| 15. |
- Cong, Ronggang, et al.
(författare)
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Relationships among Energy Price Shocks, Stock Market, and the Macroeconomy: Evidence from China
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2356-6140 .- 1537-744X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the interactive relationships among China energy price shocks, stock market, and themacroeconomy using multivariate vector autoregression.The results indicate that there is a long cointegration among them. A 1% rise in the energy price index can depress the stock market index by 0.54% and the industrial value-adding growth by 0.037%. Energy price shocks also cause inflation and have a 5-month lag effect on stock market, which may result in the stock market “underreacting.” The energy price can explain stock market fluctuations better than the interest rate over a longer time period. Consequently, investors should pay greater attention to the long-term effect of energy on the stock market.
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| 16. |
- Cong, Ronggang, et al.
(författare)
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The Interdependence between Rainfall and Temperature: Copula Analyses
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2356-6140 .- 1537-744X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rainfall and temperature are important climatic inputs for agricultural production, especially in the context of climate change. However, accurate analysis and simulation of the joint distribution of rainfall and temperature are difficult due to possible interdependence between them. As one possible approach to this problem, five families of copula models are employed to model the interdependence between rainfall and temperature. Scania is a leading agricultural province in Sweden and is affected by a maritime climate. Historical climatic data for Scania is used to demonstrate the modeling process. Heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation of sample data are also considered to eliminate the possibility of observation error. The results indicate that for Scania there are negative correlations between rainfall and temperature for the months from April to July and September. The student copula is found to be most suitable to model the bivariate distribution of rainfall and temperature based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Using the student copula, we simulate temperature and rainfall simultaneously. The resulting models can be integrated with research on agricultural production and planning to study the effects of changing climate on crop yields.
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| 17. |
- Correia, Carlos M., et al.
(författare)
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Ultraviolet-B radiation and nitrogen affect nutrient concentrations and the amount of nutrients acquired by above-ground organs of maize
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2356-6140 .- 1537-744X. ; 2012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- UV-B radiation effects on nutrient concentrations in above-ground organs of maize were investigated at silking and maturity at different levels of applied nitrogen under field conditions. The experiment simulated a 20% stratospheric ozone depletion over Portugal. At silking, UV-B increased N, K, Ca, and Zn concentrations, whereas at maturity Ca,Mg, Zn, and Cu increased and N, P and Mn decreased in some plant organs. Generally, at maturity, N, Ca, Cu, and Mn were lower, while P, K, and Zn concentrations in stems and nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) were higher in N-starved plants. UV-B and N effects on shoot dry biomass were more pronounced than on nutrient concentrations. Nutrient uptake decreased under high UV-B and increased with increasing N application, mainly at maturity harvest. Significant interactions UV-B x N were observed for NUE and for concentration and mass of some elements. For instance, under enhanced UV-B, N, Cu, Zn, and Mn concentrations decreased in leaves, except on Nstressed plants, whereas they were less affected by N nutrition. In order to minimize nutritional, economical, and environmental negative consequences, fertiliser recommendations based on element concentration or yield goals may need to be adjusted.
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| 18. |
- Dadbakhsh, Sasan, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Layer Thickness in Selective Laser Melting on Microstructure of Al/5wt.%Fe2O3 Powder Consolidated Parts
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X .- 2356-6140. ; 2014, s. 10-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In situreaction was activated in the powder mixture of Al/5 wt.%Fe2O3by using selective laser melting (SLM) to directly fabricate aluminium metal matrix composite parts. The microstructural characteristics of thesein situconsolidated parts through SLM were investigated under the influence of thick powder bed, 75 μm layer thickness, and 50 μm layer thickness in various laser powers and scanning speeds. It was found that the layer thickness has a strong influence on microstructural outcome, mainly attributed to its impact on oxygen content of the matrix. Various microstructural features (such as granular, coralline-like, and particulate appearance) were observed depending on the layer thickness, laser power, and scanning speed. This was associated with various material combinations such as pure Al, Al-Fe intermetallics, and Al(-Fe) oxide phases formed afterin situreaction and laser rapid solidification. Uniformly distributed very fine particles could be consolidated in net-shape Al composite parts by using lower layer thickness, higher laser power, and lower scanning speed. The findings contribute to the new development of advanced net-shape manufacture of Al composites by combining SLM andin situreaction process.
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| 19. |
- de Peppo, Giuseppe Maria, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Free-form-fabricated commercially-pure Ti and Ti6Al4V porous scaffolds support the growth of human embryonic stem cell-derived medsodermal progenitors
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2356-6140 .- 1537-744X. ; 2012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Commercially-pure titanium (cp-Ti) and the titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy (Ti6Al4V) are widely used as reconstructive implants for skeletal engineering applications, due to their good mechanical properties, biocompatibility and ability to integrate with the surrounding bone. Electron beam melting technology (EBM) allows the fabrication of customized implants with tailored mechanical properties and high potential in the clinical practice. In order to augment the interaction with the biological tissue, stem cells have recently been combined with metallic scaffolds for skeletal engineering applications. We previously demonstrated that human embryonic stem cell-derived mesodermal progenitors (hES-MPs) hold a great potential to provide a homogeneous and unlimited supply of cells for bone engineering applications. This study demonstrates the effect of EBM-fabricated cp-Ti and Ti6Al4V porous scaffolds on hES-MPs behavior, in terms of cell attachment, growth and osteogenic differentiation. Displaying different chemical composition but similar surface properties, EBM-fabricated cp-Ti and Ti6Al4V scaffolds supported cell attachment and growth, and did not seem to alter the expression of genes involved in osteogenic differentiation and affect the alkaline phosphatase activity. In conclusion, interfacing hES-MPs to EBM-fabricated scaffolds may represent an interesting strategy for design of third-generation biomaterials, with the potential to promote implant integration in clinical conditions characterized by poor bone quality. Copyright 2012 G. M. de Peppo et al.
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| 20. |
- Di Bartolomeo, S, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-sectional investigation of HEMS activities in Europe: a feasibility study
- 2014
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Ingår i: TheScientificWorldJournal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X. ; 2014, s. 201570-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives.To gather information on helicopter emergency medical services (HEMSs) activities across Europe.Methods.Cross-sectional data-collection on daily (15 November 2013) activities of a sample of European HEMSs. A web-based questionnaire with both open and closed questions was used, developed by experts of the European Prehospital Research Alliance (EUPHOREA).Results.We invited 143 bases from 11 countries; 85 (60%) reported base characteristics only and 73 (51%) sample-day data too. The variety of base characteristics was enormous; that is, the target population ranged from 94.000 to 4.500.000. Of 158 requested primary missions, 62 (0.82 per base) resulted in landing. Cardiac aetiology (36%) and trauma (36%) prevailed, mostly of life-threatening severity (43%, 0.64 per mission). Had HEMS been not dispatched, patients would have been attended by another physician in 67% of cases, by paramedics in 24%, and by nurses in 9%. On-board physicians estimated to have caused a major decrease of death risk in 47% of missions, possible decrease in 22%, minor benefit in 17%, no benefit in 11%, and damage in 3%. Earlier treatment and faster transport to hospital were the main reasons for benefit. The most frequent therapeutic procedure was drug administration (78% of missions); endotracheal intubation occurred in 25% of missions and was an option hardly offered by ground crews.Conclusions.The study proved feasible, establishing an embryonic network of European HEMS. The participation rate was low and limits the generalizability of the results. Fortunately, because of its cross-sectional characteristics and the handy availability of the web platform, the study is easily repeatable with an enhanced network.
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| 21. |
- Dida, Mulatu Geleta, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Diversity of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Nicaragua as Estimated by Simple Sequence Repeat Markers
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2356-6140 .- 1537-744X. ; 2012, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coffea arabicaL. (arabica coffee), the only tetraploid species in the genusCoffea, represents the majority of the world’s coffee production and has a significant contribution to Nicaragua’s economy. The present paper was conducted to determine the genetic diversity of arabica coffee in Nicaragua for its conservation and breeding values. Twenty-six populations that represent eight varieties in Nicaragua were investigated using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 24 alleles were obtained from the 12 loci investigated across 260 individual plants. The total Nei’s gene diversity (HT) and the within-population gene diversity (HS) were 0.35 and 0.29, respectively, which is comparable with that previously reported from other countries and regions. Among the varieties, the highest diversity was recorded in the variety Catimor. Analysis of variance (AMOVA) revealed that about 87% of the total genetic variation was found within populations and the remaining 13% differentiate the populations (FST=0.13;P<0.001). The variation among the varieties was also significant. The genetic variation in Nicaraguan coffee is significant enough to be used in the breeding programs, and most of this variation can be conserved throughex situconservation of a low number of populations from each variety.
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| 22. |
- Dida, Mulatu Geleta, et al.
(författare)
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Population Genetic Analysis of Lobelia rhynchopetalum Hemsl. (Campanulaceae) Using DNA Sequences from ITS and Eight Chloroplast DNA Regions
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2356-6140 .- 1537-744X. ; 2012, s. 1-10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA and eight chloroplast DNA regions were used to investigate haplotypic variation and population genetic structure of the Afroalpine giant lobelia, Lobelia rhynchopetalum. The study was based on eight populations sampled from two mountain systems in Ethiopia. A total of 20 variable sites were obtained, which resulted in 13 unique haplotypes and an overall nucleotide diversity (ND) of 0.281 +/- 0.15 and gene diversity (GD) of 0.85 +/- 0.04. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a highly significant variation (P < 0.001) among populations (F-ST), and phylogenetic analysis revealed that populations from the two mountain systems formed their own distinct clade with >90% bootstrap support. Each population should be regarded as a significant unit for conservation of this species. The primers designed for this study can be applied to any Lobelia and other closely related species for population genetics and phylogenetic studies.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Frings, Oliver, et al.
(författare)
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Network Analysis of Functional Genomics Data : Application to Avian Sex-Biased Gene Expression
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X. ; , s. 130491-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gene expression analysis is often used to investigate the molecular and functional underpinnings of a phenotype. However, differential expression of individual genes is limited in that it does not consider how the genes interact with each other in networks. To address this shortcoming we propose a number of network-based analyses that give additional functional insights into the studied process. These were applied to a dataset of sex-specific gene expression in the chicken gonad and brain at different developmental stages. We first constructed a global chicken interaction network. Combining the network with the expression data showed that most sex-biased genes tend to have lower network connectivity, that is, act within local network environments, although some interesting exceptions were found. Genes of the same sex bias were generally more strongly connected with each other than expected. We further studied the fates of duplicated sex-biased genes and found that there is a significant trend to keep the same pattern of sex bias after duplication. We also identified sex-biased modules in the network, which reveal pathways or complexes involved in sex-specific processes. Altogether, this work integrates evolutionary genomics with systems biology in a novel way, offering new insights into the modular nature of sex-biased genes.
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| 25. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness, Psychosocial Dysfunction and Suffering in ESSENCE
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X .- 2356-6140.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. The acronym ESSENCE (Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations) highlights that children seeking clinical treatment are often multiply impaired, thus requiring treatment from several specialties. The aim was to map and relate, on a population level, ESSENCE to two salient predictors of health and adaptation to adversities, namely, Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness and also to dysfunction and suffering. Methods. Participants were twins (N=1892) aged 9 or 12 whose parents were interviewed with the Autism-Tics, ADHD and other Comorbidities inventory (A-TAC), and the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (J-TCI). The A-TAC was first used to discern four ESSENCE-related screening diagnoses: autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, learning disabilities, and developmental coordination disorder; second, to quantify dysfunction and suffering in important social areas. Results. ESSENCE symptoms were continuously and categorically associated with deficiency in Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness and higher ratings of dysfunction and suffering. The impact of ESSENCE symptoms on these measures of mental health was found in a milder form in about 16% of all children and in a severe form in about 2%. Conclusion. Therapeutic interventions focusing on Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness might provide a novel method for child psychiatry in its approach to ESSENCE.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Grabbe, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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On the Stator Slot Geometry of a Cable Wound Generator for Hydrokinetic Energy Conversion
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X .- 2356-6140.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the stator slot geometry of a cable wound permanent magnet synchronous generator for hydro-kinetic energy conversion is evaluated. When designing generators, practical experience is of great importance to result in a realizable design. Therefore, practical experience from winding two cable wound generators is used to propose optimized dimensions of different parts in the stator slot geometry. A thorough investigation is performed through simulations of how small geometrical changes alter the generator performance. Simulations are performed by using the finite element method (FEM) to solve coupled field and circuit equations. The parameter study shows that small changes in the geometry can have large affect on the performance and the generator dimensions. Furthermore, it is concluded that the load angle is especially sensitive to small geometrical changes. A new generator design is proposed which shows improved efficiency, reduced weight and a possibility to decrease the expensive permanent magnet material by almost one fifth.
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| 28. |
- Graham-Kevan, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating Violence and Control Dyadically in a Help-seeking Sample from Mozambique
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X. ; , s. Art. no. 590973-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A sample of 1442 women attending a Forensic Healthcare Service provided information on their own and their partners' use of controlling behaviors, partner violence, and sexual abuse, as well as their own experiences of childhood abuse. Using Johnson's typology, the relationships were categorized as Nonviolent, Intimate Terrorism, or Situational Couple Violence. Findings suggest that help-seeking women’s experiences of intimate violence may be diverse, with their roles ranging from victim to perpetrator.1. Introduc
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| 29. |
- Gustafsson, Anna, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of an electrochemical method for separation of copper, indium, and gallium from pretreated cigs solar cell waste materials
- 2015
-
Ingår i: The Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X .- 2356-6140. ; 2015
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recycling of the semiconductor material copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) is important to ensure a future supply of indium and gallium, which are relatively rare and therefore expensive elements. As a continuation of our previous work, where we recycled high purity selenium from CIGS waste materials, we now show that copper and indium can be recycled by electrodeposition from hydrochloric acid solutions of dissolved selenium-depleted material. Suitable potentials for the reduction of copper and indium were determined to be -0.5 V and -0.9 V (versus the Ag/AgCl reference electrode), respectively, using cyclic voltammetry. Electrodeposition of first copper and then indium from a solution containing the dissolved residue from the selenium separation and ammonium chloride in 1 M HCl gave a copper yield of 100.1 ± 0.5% and an indium yield of 98.1 ± 2.5%. The separated copper and indium fractions contained no significant contamination of the other elements. Gallium remained in solution together with a small amount of indium after the separation of copper and indium and has to be recovered by an alternative method since electrowinning from the chloride-rich acid solution was not effective.
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| 30. |
- Haeggström, JZ, et al.
(författare)
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Functional properties and molecular architecture of leukotriene A4 hydrolase, a pivotal catalyst of chemotactic leukotriene formation
- 2002
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Ingår i: TheScientificWorldJournal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X. ; 2, s. 1734-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The leukotrienes are a family of lipid mediators involved in inflammation and allergy. Leukotriene B4is a classical chemoattractant, which triggers adherence and aggregation of leukocytes to the endothelium at only nM concentrations. In addition, leukotriene B4modulates immune responses, participates in the host defense against infections, and is a key mediator of PAF-induced lethal shock. Because of these powerful biological effects, leukotriene B4 is implicated in a variety of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, e.g., nephritis, arthritis, dermatitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The final step in the biosynthesis of leukotriene B4is catalyzed by leukotriene A4hydrolase, a unique bifunctional zinc metalloenzyme with an anion-dependent aminopeptidase activity. Here we describe the most recent developments regarding our understanding of the function and molecular architecture of leukotriene A4hydrolase.
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| 31. |
- Hakonen, Aron, 1970
(författare)
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Fluorescence Ratiometric Properties Induced by Nanoparticle Plasmonics and Nanoscale Dye Dynamics
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanoscale transport of merocyanine 540 within/near the plasmon field of gold nanoparticles was recognized as an effective inducer of single-excitation dual-emission ratiometric properties. With a high concentration of the signal transducer (ammonium), a 700% increase in fluorescence was observed at the new red-shifted emission maximum, compared to a nanoparticle free sensor membrane. A previously nonrecognized isosbestic point is demonstrated at 581.4 +/- 0.1 nm. The mechanism can be utilized for enhanced and simplified ratiometric optical chemical sensors and potentially for thin film engineering to make solar cells more effective and stable by a broader and more regulated absorption.
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| 32. |
- Holmar, Jana, et al.
(författare)
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Optical method for cardiovascular risk marker uric acid removal assessment during dialysis
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X. ; 2012, s. 8-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to estimate the concentration of uric acid (UA) optically by using the original and processed ultraviolet (UV) absorbance spectra of spent dialysate. Also, the effect of using several wavelengths (multi-wavelength algorithms) for estimation was examined. This paper gives an overview of seven studies carried out in Linköping, Sweden, and Tallinn, Estonia. A total of 60 patients were monitored over their 188 dialysis treatment procedures. Dialysate samples were taken and analysed by means of UA concentration in a chemical laboratory and with a double-beam spectrophotometer. The measured UV absorbance spectra were processed. Three models for the original and three for the first derivate of UV absorbance were created; concentrations of UA from the different methods were finally compared in terms of mean values and SD. The mean concentration (micromol/L) of UA was 49.7 ± 23.0 measured in the chemical laboratory, and 48.9 ± 22.4 calculated with the best estimate among all models. The concentrations were not significantly different (P ≥ 0.17). It was found that using a multi-wavelength and processed signal approach leads to more accurate results, and therefore these approaches should be used in future.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Höglund Carlsson, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Coexisting disorders and problems in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders
- 2013
-
Ingår i: TheScientificWorldJournal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X. ; 2013, s. 213979-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. To analyze cooccurring disorders and problems in a representative group of 198 preschool children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who had had interventions at a specialized habilitation center.Methods. Parents and children were seen by a research team. Data were based on parental interviews, pediatric assessments, and tests of the child. Information on autistic symptoms, general cognitive function, speech and language, motor function, epilepsy, vision, hearing, activity level, behavior, and sleep was collected.Results. Three ASD categories were used: (1) autistic disorder (AD), (2) autistic-like condition (ALC) or Asperger syndrome, and (3) one group with autistic symptoms/traits but not entirely all its criteria met for ASD. Children with autism had a mean of 3.2 coexisting disorders or problems, the ALC/Asperger group had a mean of 1.6, and children with autistic traits had a mean of 1.6. The most common disorder/problems in the total group pertained to language problems (78%), intellectual disability (ID) (49%), below average motor function (37%), and severe hyperactivity/ADHD (33%).Conclusions. The results accord with the concept of early symptomatic syndromes eliciting neurodevelopmental clinical examination (ESSENCE), and highlight the need of considering ASD in a broad perspective taking also other cooccurring developmental disorders into account.
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| 35. |
- Jakobsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Vascular basement membrane components in angiogenesis : an act of balance
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X. ; 8, s. 1246-1249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angiogenesis is crucial in the progression of a number of pathological conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and cancer. In contrast to vessels in healthy tissues, the vasculature in these pathologies is highly unstable, constantly dissolving and renewing. Characteristically, vessels in pathologies have discontinuous basement membrane (BM) coverage. The consequences of shifts in BM density and composition are still relatively unknown. Several studies have illustrated that partial loss of the vascular BM during development results in the widening of vessels. This has been suggested to be a result of reduced mechanical resistance to the force inflicted by the blood pressure. However, recent data indicate that depletion of BM laminins (LMs) leads to enlarged vessels even in the absence of cardiac activity and blood pressure. A key question is whether single BM components or fragments thereof play distinct roles in the angiogenic process, or if it is the balance between the different components of the BM that guides the morphology of the new vessel.
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| 36. |
- Johansson, S, et al.
(författare)
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Intracellular targeting of CEA results in Th1-type antibody responses following intradermal genetic vaccination by a needle-free jet injection device
- 2007
-
Ingår i: TheScientificWorldJournal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X. ; 7, s. 987-999
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The route and method of immunization, as well as the cellular localization of the antigen, can influence the generation of an immune response. In general, intramuscular immunization results in Th1 responses, whereas intradermal delivery of DNA by gene gun immunization often results in more Th2 responses. Here we investigate how altering the cellular localization of the tumor antigen CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) affects the quality and amplitude of DNA vaccine-induced antibody responses in mice following intradermal delivery of DNA by a needle-free jet injection device (Biojector). CEA was expressed either in a membrane-bound form (wild-type CEA) or in two truncated forms (CEA6 and CEA66) with cytoplasmic localization, where CEA66 was fused to a promiscuous T-helper epitope from tetanus toxin. Repeated intradermal immunization of BALB/c mice with DNA encoding wild-type CEA produced high antibody titers of a mixed IgG1/IgG2a ratio. In contrast, utilizing the DNA construct that resulted in intracellular targeting of CEA led to a reduced capacity to induce CEA-specific antibodies, but instead induced a Th1-biased immune response.
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| 37. |
- Karlsson, Toni, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Investigations into Recycling Zinc from Used Metal Oxide Varistors via pH Selective Leaching: Characterization, Leaching, and Residue Analysis
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2356-6140 .- 1537-744X. ; 2015
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metal oxide varistors (MOVs) are a type of resistor with significantly nonlinear current-voltage characteristics commonly used in power lines to protect against overvoltages. If a proper recycling plan is developed MOVs can be an excellent source of secondary zinc because they contain over 90 weight percent zinc oxide. The oxides of antimony, bismuth, and to a lesser degree cobalt, manganese, and nickel are also present in varistors. Characterization of the MOV showed that cobalt, nickel, and manganese were not present in the varistor material at concentrations greater than one weight percent. This investigation determined whether a pH selective dissolution (leaching) process can be utilized as a starting point for hydrometallurgical recycling of the zinc in MOVs. This investigation showed it was possible to selectively leach zinc from the MOV without coleaching of bismuth and antimony by selecting a suitable pH, mainly higher than 3 for acids investigated. It was not possible to leach zinc without coleaching of manganese, cobalt, and nickel. It can be concluded from results obtained with the acids used, acetic, hydrochloric, nitric, and sulfuric, that sulfate leaching produced the most desirable results with respect to zinc leaching and it is also used extensively in industrial zinc production.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Kočovská, Eva, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Autism in the Faroe Islands: Diagnostic Stability from Childhood to Early Adult Life.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Childhood autism or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been regarded as one of the most stable diagnostic categories applied to young children with psychiatric/developmental disorders. The stability over time of a diagnosis of ASD is theoretically interesting and important for various diagnostic and clinical reasons. We studied the diagnostic stability of ASD from childhood to early adulthood in the Faroe Islands: a total school age population sample (8–17-year-olds) was screened and diagnostically assessed for AD in 2002 and 2009. This paper compares both independent clinical diagnosis and Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders (DISCO) algorithm diagnosis at two time points, separated by seven years.The stability of clinical ASD diagnosis was perfect for AD, good for “atypical autism”/PDD-NOS, and less than perfect for Asperger syndrome (AS). Stability of the DISCO algorithm subcategory diagnoses was more variable but still good for AD. Both systems showed excellent stability over the seven-year period for “any ASD” diagnosis, although a number of clear cases had been missed at the original screening in 2002.The findings support the notion that subcategories of ASD should be collapsed into one overarching diagnostic entity with subgrouping achieved on other “non-autism” variables, such as IQ and language levels and overall adaptive functioning
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Lindström, Per
(författare)
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The physiology of obese-hyperglycemic mice [ob/ob mice]
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1537-744X. ; 7, s. 666-685
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review summarizes key aspects of what has been learned about the physiology of leptin deficiency as it can be observed in obese-hyperglycemic ob/ob mice. These mice lack functional leptin. They are grossly overweight and hyperphagic, particularly at young ages, and develop severe insulin resistance. They have been used as a model for obesity and as a rich source of pancreatic islets with high insulin release capacity. The leptin deficiency manifests also with regard to immune function, the cardiovascular system including angiogenesis, supportive tissue function, malignancies, and reproductive function. ob/ob Mice are well suited for studies on the interaction between leptin and insulin, and for studies on initial aspects of metabolic disturbances leading to type-2diabetes.
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| 42. |
- Lindström, Torsten, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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A Rosenzweig-MacArthur (1963) Criterion for the Chemostat
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X .- 2356-6140.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Rosenzweig-MacArthur (1963) criterion is a graphical criterion that has been widely used for elucidating the local stability properties of the Gause (1934) type predator-prey systems. It has not been stated whether a similar criterion holds for models with explicit resource dynamics (Kooi et al. (1998)), like the chemostat model. In this paper we use the implicit function theorem and implicit derivatives for proving that a similar graphical criterion holds under chemostat conditions, too.
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| 43. |
- Ljustina, Goran, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Rate Sensitive Continuum Damage Models and Mesh Dependence in Finite Element Analyses
- 2014
-
Ingår i: The Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X .- 2356-6140. ; 2014
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The experiences from orthogonal machining simulations show that the Johnson-Cook (JC) dynamic failure model exhibitssignificant element size dependence. Such mesh dependence is a direct consequence of the utilization of local damage models. Thecurrent contribution is an investigation of the extent of the possible pathological mesh dependence. A comparison of the resultingJC model behavior combined with two types of damage evolution is considered. The first damage model is the JC dynamic failuremodel, where the development of the “damage” does not affect the response until the critical state is reached. The second one is acontinuumdamagemodel, where the damage variable is affecting thematerial response continuously during the deformation. Boththe plasticity and the damagemodels are rate dependent, and the damage evolutions for bothmodels are defined as a postprocessingof the effective stress response. The investigation is conducted for a series of 2D shear tests utilizing different FE representations ofthe plane strain plate with pearlite material properties. The results show for both damage models, using realistic pearlite materialparameters, that similar extent of the mesh dependence is obtained and that the possible viscous regularization effects are absentin the current investigation.
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| 44. |
- Logotheti, Marianthi, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparative Genomic Study in Schizophrenic and in Bipolar Disorder Patients, Based on Microarray Expression Profiling Meta-Analysis
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - New York, USA : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1537-744X. ; 2013:685917, s. 1-14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Schizophrenia affecting almost 1% and bipolar disorder affecting almost 3%-5% of the global population constitute two severe mental disorders. The catecholaminergic and the serotonergic pathways have been proved to play an important role in the development of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other related psychiatric disorders. The aim of the study was to perform and interpret the results of a comparative genomic profiling study in schizophrenic patients as well as in healthy controls and in patients with bipolar disorder and try to relate and integrate our results with an aberrant amino acid transport through cell membranes. In particular we have focused on genes and mechanisms involved in amino acid transport through cell membranes from whole genome expression profiling data. We performed bioinformatic analysis on raw data derived from four different published studies. In two studies postmortem samples from prefrontal cortices, derived from patients with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and control subjects, have been used. In another study we used samples from postmortem orbitofrontal cortex of bipolar subjects while the final study was performed based on raw data from a gene expression profiling dataset in the postmortem superior temporal cortex of schizophrenics. The data were downloaded from NCBI's GEO datasets
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| 45. |
- Lundblad, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Can Na18F PET/CT Be Used to Study Bone Remodeling in the Tibia When Patients Are Being Treated with a Taylor Spatial Frame?
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1537-744X .- 2356-6140. ; 2014, s. 1-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monitoring and quantifying bone remodeling are of interest, for example, in correction osteotomies, delayed fracture healing pseudarthrosis, bone lengthening, and other instances. Seven patients who had operations to attach an Ilizarov-derived Taylor Spatial Frame to the tibia gave informed consent. Each patient was examined by (NaF)-F-18 PET/CT twice, at approximately six weeks and three months after the operation. A validated software tool was used for the following processing steps. The first and second CT volumes were aligned in 3D and the respective PET volumes were aligned accordingly. In the first PET volume spherical volumes of interest (VOIs) were delineated for the crural fracture and normal bone and transferred to the second PET volume for SUVmax evaluation. This method potentially provides clinical insight into questions such as, when has the bone remodeling progressed well enough to safely remove the TSF? and when is intervention required, in a timelier manner than current methods? For example, in two patients who completed treatment, the SUVmax between the first and second PET/CT examination decreased by 42% and 13%, respectively. Further studies in a larger patient population are needed to verify these preliminary results by correlating regional (NaF)-F-18 PET measurements to clinical and radiological findings.
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| 46. |
- Lundholm-Hedvall, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Autism, Processing Speed, and Adaptive Functioning in Preschool Children
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X. ; 2013
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. To study cognitive test profiles with a focus on processing speed in a representative group of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and relate processing speed to adaptive functioning. Methods. Cognitive assessments were performed in 190 3.6–6.6-year-old children (164 boys and 26 girls) with ASD, using either Griffiths' developmental scales ( ) or the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Third Edition (WPPSI-III) ( ). Cognitive data were related to adaptive functioning as measured by Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS). Results. Cognitive profiles were characterized by low verbal skills. Low processing speed quotients (PSQs) were found in 66 (78%) of the 85 children who were able to participate in the processing speed subtests. Except for Socialization, all VABS domains (Communication, Motor Skills, Daily Living Skills, and Adaptive Behavior Composite scores) correlated significantly with PSQ. Multiple regression analysis showed that PSQ predicted 38%, 35%, 34%, and 37% of the variance for Communication, Daily Living Skills, Motor Skills, and total Adaptive Composite scores, respectively. Conclusion. Preschool children with ASD had uneven cognitive profiles with low verbal skills, and, relatively, even lower PSQs. Except for Socialization, adaptive functioning was predicted to a considerable degree by PSQ.
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| 47. |
- Magaia, Telma, et al.
(författare)
-
Proximate analysis of five wild fruits of mozambique.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: The Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2356-6140 .- 1537-744X. ; 2013
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mozambique is rich in wild fruit trees, most of which produce fleshy fruits commonly consumed in rural communities, especially during dry seasons. However, information on their content of macronutrients is scarce. Five wild fruit species (Adansonia digitata, Landolphia kirkii, Sclerocarya birrea, Salacia kraussii, and Vangueria infausta) from different districts in Mozambique were selected for the study. The contents of dry matter, fat, protein, ash, sugars, pH, and titratable acidity were determined in the fruit pulps. Also kernels of A. digitata and S. birrea were included in the study. The protein content in the pulp was below 5 g/100 g of dry matter, but a daily intake of 100 g fresh wild fruits would provide up to 11% of the recommended daily intake for children from 4 to 8 years old. The sugar content varied between 2.3% and 14.4% fresh weight. The pH was below 3, except for Salacia kraussii, for which it was slightly below 7. Kernels of A. digitata contained, on average, 39.2% protein and 38.0% fat, and S. birrea kernels 32.6% protein and 60.7% fat. The collection of nutritional information may serve as a basis for increased consumption and utilization.
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| 48. |
- Maguire Jr., Gerald Q., et al.
(författare)
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A New Automated Way to Measure Polyethylene Wear in THA Using a High Resolution CT Scanner : Method and Analysis
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X .- 2356-6140. ; 2014, s. 528407-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the most advantageous total hip arthroplasty (THA) operation is the first, timely replacement of only the liner is socially and economically important because the utilization of THA is increasing as younger and more active patients are receiving implants and they are living longer. Automatic algorithms were developed to infer liner wear by estimating the separation between the acetabular cup and femoral component head given a computed tomography (CT) volume. Two series of CT volumes of a hip phantom were acquired with the femoral component head placed at 14 different positions relative to the acetabular cup. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the diameter of the acetabular cup and femoral component head, in addition to the range of error in the expected wear values and the repeatability of all the measurements, were calculated. The algorithms resulted in a mean (+/- SD) for the diameter of the acetabular cup of 54.21 (+/- 0.011) mm and for the femoral component head of 22.09 (+/- 0.02) mm. The wear error was +/- 0.1 mm and the repeatability was 0.077 mm. This approach is applicable clinically as it utilizes readily available computed tomography imaging systems and requires only five minutes of human interaction.
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| 49. |
- Mardinoglu, Adil, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling the effect of spion size in a stent assisted magnetic drug targeting system with interparticle interactions
- 2015
-
Ingår i: The Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X .- 2356-6140. ; 2015
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and it is caused by the interaction of genomic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Although chemotherapy is one way of treating cancers, it also damages healthy cells and may cause severe side effects. Therefore, it is beneficial in drug delivery in the human body to increase the proportion of the drugs at the target site while limiting its exposure at the rest of body through Magnetic Drug Targeting (MDT). Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are derived from polyol methods and coated with oleic acid and can be used as magnetic drug carrier particles (MDCPs) in an MDT system. Here, we develop a mathematical model for studying the interactions between the MDCPs enriched with three different diameters of SPIONs (6.6, 11.6, and 17.8 nm) in the MDT system with an implanted magnetizable stent using different magnetic field strengths and blood velocities. Our computational analysis allows for the optimal design of the SPIONs enriched MDCPs to be used in clinical applications.
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| 50. |
- Massoumi, Ramin, et al.
(författare)
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The role of leukotriene receptor signaling in inflammation and cancer
- 2007
-
Ingår i: The Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2356-6140 .- 1537-744X. ; 7, s. 1413-1421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leukotrienes (LTs) and prostaglandins (PGs) are metabolites of arachidonic acid that play major roles in various inflammatory conditions. The release of these mediators, by cells recruited to or present at the site of inflammation, modulate/influence the magnitude of the inflammatory response. A better understanding of eicosanoids and how their receptors trigger intracellular signaling during inflammatory conditions is helping to elucidate the well-known connection between chronic inflammatory disease and neoplastic transformation. In the current review, we summarize the role of LTs and PGs in chronic inflammation and, in particular, we focus on recent insights into the role of CysLT(1) receptor signaling pathway. In addition, we delineate how continuous CysLT(1) receptor activation and signaling can increase cell survival and proliferation as important early steps toward oncogenicity.
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