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Numrering	Referens	Omslagsbild	Hitta
1.	Yang, Chia-Han, et al. (författare) Cosimulation environment for event-driven distributed controls of smart grid 2013 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 9:3, s. 1423-1435 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper proposes a co-simulation environment for “hardware in the loop” or “software in the loop” validation of distributed controls in Smart Grid. The controls are designed using model-driven engineering with the IEC 61499 Function Block architecture. These are connected with plant models, for example in MATLAB/Simulink, through communication channels such as UDP or TCP sockets. This solution enables multi-closed-loop plant-controller simulation. The communication between plant and controller is event-driven. In order to perform realistic simulation, the proposed solution takes into account computation and communication delays on the controller side in Function Blocks and compensates model time on the plant side in MATLAB model accordingly. Causality and accuracy of the method have been formally addressed. This approach has been tested and demonstrated with several Smart Grid-related examples.
2.	Akhtar, M. W., et al. (författare) Q2A-NOMA : A Q-Learning-based QoS-Aware NOMA System Design for Diverse Data Rate Requirements 2022 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 18:11, s. 7549-7559 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Wireless use cases in industrial internet-of-thing (IIoT) networks often require guaranteed data rates ranging from a few kilobits per second to a few gigabits per second. Supporting such a requirement in a single radio access technique is difficult, especially when bandwidth is limited. Although non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) can improve the system capacity by simultaneously serving multiple devices, its performance suffers from strong user interference. In this paper, we propose a Q-learning-based algorithm for handling many-to-many matching problems such as bandwidth partitioning, device assignment to sub-bands, interference-aware access mode selection (orthogonal multiple access (OMA), or NOMA), and power allocation to each device. The learning technique maximizes system throughput and spectral efficiency (SE) while maintaining quality-of-service (QoS) for a maximum number of devices. The simulation results show that the proposed technique can significantly increase overall system throughput and SE while meeting heterogeneous QoS criteria.
3.	Aladwan, Mohammad N., et al. (författare) TrustE-VC : Trustworthy Evaluation Framework for Industrial Connected Vehicles in the Cloud 2020 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 16:9, s. 6203-6213 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The integration between cloud computing and vehicular ad hoc networks, namely, vehicular clouds (VCs), has become a significant research area. This integration was proposed to accelerate the adoption of intelligent transportation systems. The trustworthiness in VCs is expected to carry more computing capabilities that manage large-scale collected data. This trend requires a security evaluation framework that ensures data privacy protection, integrity of information, and availability of resources. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that proposes a robust trustworthiness evaluation of vehicular cloud for security criteria evaluation and selection. This article proposes three-level security features in order to develop effectiveness and trustworthiness in VCs. To assess and evaluate these security features, our evaluation framework consists of three main interconnected components: 1) an aggregation of the security evaluation values of the security criteria for each level; 2) a fuzzy multicriteria decision-making algorithm; and 3) a simple additive weight associated with the importance-performance analysis and performance rate to visualize the framework findings. The evaluation results of the security criteria based on the average performance rate and global weight suggest that data residency, data privacy, and data ownership are the most pressing challenges in assessing data protection in a VC environment. Overall, this article paves the way for a secure VC using an evaluation of effective security features and underscores directions and challenges facing the VC community. This article sheds light on the importance of security by design, emphasizing multiple layers of security when implementing industrial VCs.
4.	Alani, Mohammed M., et al. (författare) An Intelligent Two-Layer Intrusion Detection System for the Internet of Things 2023 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 19:1, s. 683-692 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) has become an enabler paradigm for different applications, such as healthcare, education, agriculture, smart homes, and recently, enterprise systems (E-IoTs). Significant advances in IoT networks have been hindered by security vulnerabilities and threats, which, if not addressed, can negatively impact the deployment and operation of IoT-enabled systems. This study addresses IoT security and presents an intelligent two-layer intrusion detection system for IoT. The system's intelligence is driven by machine learning techniques for intrusion detection, with the two-layer architecture handling flow-based and packet-based features. By selecting significant features, the time overhead is minimized without affecting detection accuracy. The uniqueness and novelty of the proposed system emerge from combining machine learning and selection modules for flow-based and packet-based features. The proposed intrusion detection works at the network layer, and hence, it is device and application transparent. In our experiments, the proposed system had an accuracy of 99.15% for packet-based features with a testing time of 0.357 μs. The flow-based classifier had an accuracy of 99.66% with a testing time of 0.410 μs. A comparison demonstrated that the proposed system outperformed other methods described in the literature. Thus, it is an accurate and lightweight tool for detecting intrusions in IoT systems.
5.	Araújo, José, et al. (författare) System architectures, protocols and algorithms for aperiodic wireless control systems 2014 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 10:1, s. 175-184 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Wide deployment of wireless sensor and actuator networks in cyber-physical systems requires systematic design tools to enable dynamic tradeoff of network resources and control performance. In this paper, we consider three recently proposed aperiodic control algorithms which have the potential to address this problem. By showing how these controllers can be implemented over the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, a practical wireless control system architecture with guaranteed closed-loop performance is detailed. Event-based predictive and hybrid sensor and actuator communication schemes are compared with respect to their capabilities and implementation complexity. A two double-tank laboratory experimental setup, mimicking some typical industrial process control loops, is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach. Experimental results show how the sensor communication adapts to the changing demands of the control loops and the network resources, allowing for lower energy consumption and efficient bandwidth utilization.
6.	Arghandeh, Reza, et al. (författare) Data Driven Reliable and Resilient Energy System Against Disasters 2021 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 18:3, s. 2075-2077 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Disasters Such As Hurricanes, Earthquakes, Wildfires, Etc. Are Felt Most Acutely At local and regional levels. These events have exposed weaknesses in how well-prepared infrastructure operators are to keep their services and provide resilient responses. Outages and service disruptions are largely due to the inability of the affected city infrastructure (i.e., power grids) to cope with random and dynamic disruptive events, translating into resilience deficiencies. A significant challenge is the lack of data availability, sharing, and analysis for emergency planning, and restoration. The Special Section (SS) on Data-driven Reliable and Resilient Energy System Against Disasters in the IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics aims to address the data-driven approaches for power systems and infrastructure reliability and resilience during small- and large-scale extreme weather events or natural disasters. The specific aim is to utilize the advancements in data mining and data processing to minimize catastrophic conditions that affect the quality of critical infrastructure operations, quality of life, and economic activities.
7.	Atmojo, Udayanto Dwi, et al. (författare) A Service-Oriented Programming Approach for Dynamic Distributed Manufacturing Systems 2020 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 16:1, s. 150-160 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Dynamic reconfigurability and adaptability are crucial features of the future manufacturing systems that must be supported by adequate software technologies. Currently, they are typically achieved as add-ons to existing software tools and run-time systems, which are not based on any formal foundation such as formal model of computation (MoC). This paper presents the new programming paradigm of Service Oriented SystemJ (SOSJ), which targets dynamic distributed software systems suited for future manufacturing applications. SOSJ is built on a merger and the synergies of two programming concepts of (1) Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), to support dynamic software system composition, and (2) SystemJ programming language based on a formal MoC, which targets correct by construction design of static distributed software systems. The resulting programming paradigm allows the design and implementation of dynamic distributed software systems.
8.	Azoidou, Eva, et al. (författare) Battery Lifetime Modeling and Validation of Wireless Building Automation Devices in Thread 2018 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 14:7, s. 2869-2880 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The need for energy efficiency in wireless communication is prevalent in all areas, but to an even greater extent in low-power and lossy networks (LLN) that rely on resource constrained devices. This article seeks to address the problem of modeling the battery lifetime of a duty-cycled node, participating in a wireless sensor network that is typically used in smart home and building applications. Modeling in MATLAB and experimentation with prototype testing are employed to predict and validate. Various scenarios including sleepy end devices in a wireless sensor network are modeled and validated. They range from variable wake-up frequency and packet payload transmission to increasing network contention with the addition of network load. A comprehensive analysis of the main factors contributing to wasteful energy usage is provided. It can be concluded that the model can estimate the battery lifetime under different testing scenarios with an error rate less than 5 %.
9.	Beltramelli, Luca, et al. (författare) LoRa beyond ALOHA : An Investigation of Alternative Random Access Protocols 2021 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 17:5, s. 3544-3554 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We present a stochastic geometry-based model to investigate alternative medium access choices for LoRaWAN a widely adopted low-power wide-area networking (LPWAN) technology for the Internet-of-things (IoT). LoRaWAN adoption is driven by its simplified network architecture, air interface, and medium access. The physical layer, known as LoRa, provides quasi-orthogonal virtual channels through spreading factors (SFs) and time-power capture gains. However, the adopted pure ALOHA access mechanism suffers, in terms of scalability, under the same-channel same-SF transmissions from a large number of devices. In this paper, our objective is to explore access mechanisms beyond-ALOHA for LoRaWAN. Using recent results on time- and power-capture effects of LoRa, we develop a unified model for the comparative study of other choices, i.e., slotted ALOHA and carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA). The model includes the necessary design parameters of these access mechanisms, such as guard time and synchronization accuracy for slotted ALOHA, carrier sensing threshold for CSMA. It also accounts for the spatial interaction of devices in annular shaped regions, characteristic of LoRa, for CSMA. The performance derived from the model in terms of coverage probability, throughput, and energy efficiency are validated using Monte-Carlo simulations. Our analysis shows that slotted ALOHA indeed has higher reliability than pure ALOHA but at the cost of lower energy efficiency for low device densities. Whereas, CSMA outperforms slotted ALOHA at smaller SFs in terms of reliability and energy efficiency, with its performance degrading to pure ALOHA at higher SFs.
10.	Bennulf, Mattias, 1992-, et al. (författare) Goal-Oriented Process Plans in a Multiagent System for Plug & Produce 2021 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1941-0050 .- 1551-3203. ; 17:4, s. 2411-2421 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This article presents a framework for Plug & Produce that makes it possible to use configurations rather than programming to adapt a manufacturing system for new resources and parts. This is solved by defining skills on resources, and goals for parts. To reach these goals, process plans are defined with a sequence of skills to be utilized without specifying specific resources. This makes it possible to separate the physical world from the process plans. When a process plan requires a skill, e.g., grip with a gripper resource, then that skill may require further skills, e.g., move with a robot resource. This creates a tree of connected resources that are not defined in the process plan. Physical and logical compatibility between resources in this tree is checked by comparing several parameters defined on the resources and the part. This article presents an algorithm together with a multiagent system framework that handles the search and matching required for selecting the correct resources.
11.	Bing, Li, et al. (författare) Design of Auto-Configurable Random Access NOMA for URLLC Industrial IoT Networking 2024 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - 1941-0050 .- 1551-3203. ; 20:1, s. 190-200 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Low power devices are massively deployed to facilitate real time sensing and data transmission requested in low power wide-area network (LPWAN). However, the dominating signaling, i.e. continuous phase modulation (CPM), barely gains attention in the context of supporting massive connectivity, not to mention ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), a primary concern in industrial network automation. To this end, auto-configurable nonorthogonal multiple access (AC-NOMA) based on CPM signaling is proposed. The term auto-configuration is used since each device selects a setup from a pool of configurations whenever connecting to the access point in a random and distributive way. It is proven, using ideal power allocation and phase shaping technique, AC-NOMA offers drastically improved user load and near capacity performance even in finite blocklength regime. Moreover, to enable massive yet sporadic access, slotted ALOHA is combined with AC-NOMA. It is proven that the resultant scheme outperforms power-domain NOMA in terms of throughput even with reduced transmit power and simple forward error correction schemes such as repetition and convolutional coding. The throughput is further improved using semi AC-NOMA with slightly increased latency. It is demonstrated that both designs can support very high user load while enabling URLLC in finite blocklength regime, where the packet size is merely 256 bits while the error rate is $10^{-5}$, which are also desirable in a number of applications including satellite communications, visible light communications, etc.
12.	Boano, Carlo Alberto, et al. (författare) The Impact of Temperature on Outdoor Industrial Sensornet Applications 2010. - 10 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 6, s. 451-459 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
13.	Bujosa Mateu, Daniel, et al. (författare) CSRP : An Enhanced Protocol for Consistent Reservation of Resources for AVB/TSN 2021 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 17:5, s. 3640-3650 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The IEEE Audio Video Bridging (AVB) Task Group (TG) was created to provide Ethernet with soft real-time guarantees. Later on, the TG was renamed to Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) and its scope broadened to support hard real-time and critical applications. The Stream Reservation Protocol (SRP) is a key work of the TGs as it allows reserving resources in the network, guaranteeing the required quality of service. AVB's SRP is based on a distributed architecture, whereas TSN's is based on centralized ones. The distributed version of SRP is supported and used in TSN. Nevertheless, it was not designed to provide properties that are important for critical applications. In this article, we model SRP using UPPAAL and we study the termination and consistency. We verify that SRP does not provide such properties. Furthermore, we propose an improved protocol called Consistent Stream Reservation Protocol (CSRP) and we formally verify its correctness using UPPAAL.
14.	Buzhinsky, Igor, et al. (författare) Automatic Inference of Finite-State Plant Models from Traces and Temporal Properties 2017 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 13:4, s. 1521-1530 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Closed-loop model checking, a formal verification technique for industrial automation systems, increases the richness of specifications to be checked and reduces the state space to be verified compared to the open-loop case. To be applied, it needs the controller and the plant formal models to be coupled. There are approaches for controller synthesis, but little has been done regarding plant model construction. While manual plant modeling is time consuming and error-prone, discretizing a simulation model of the plant leads to state excess. This paper aims to solve the problem of automatic plant model construction from existing specification, which is represented in the form of plant behavior examples, or traces, and temporal properties. The proposed method, which is based on the translation of the problem to the Boolean satisfiability problem, is evaluated and shown to be applicable on several case study plant model synthesis tasks and on randomly generated problem instances.
15.	Cai, Baoping, et al. (författare) Application of Bayesian Networks in Reliability Evaluation 2019 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 15:4, s. 2146-2157 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Bayesian network (BN) is a powerful model for probabilistic knowledge representation and inference and is increasingly used in the field of reliability evaluation. This paper presents a bibliographic review of BNs that have been proposed for reliability evaluation in the last decades. Studies are classified from the perspective of the objects of reliability evaluation, i.e., hardware, structures, software, and humans. For each classification, the construction and validation of a BN-based reliability model are emphasized. The general procedural steps for BN-based reliability evaluation, including BN structure modeling, BN parameter modeling, BN inference, and model verification and validation, are investigated. Current gaps and challenges in reliability evaluation with BNs are explored, and a few upcoming research directions that are of interest to reliability researchers are identified.
16.	Cao, B., et al. (författare) A Multiobjective Intelligent Decision-Making Method for Multistage Placement of PMU in Power Grid Enterprises 2023 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 19:6, s. 7636-7644 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The wide area measurement system (WAMS) based on synchronous phasor measurement technology plays an increasingly important role in dynamic monitoring and wide area protection of modern power systems. If the phasor measurement unit (PMU) is placed on all buses of the power system, the voltage and branch current of all buses can be directly observed. However, due to the high placement cost of PMU and its ability to measure the voltage phasor of the installed bus and the current of the associated branch, it is unrealistic and unnecessary to install PMU on all buses of the system. This paper discusses the incomplete observability under single PMU loss (N-1) contingencies and its effect on PMUs placement. An improved two-archive algorithm is proposed to solve the five-objective placement optimization model. In addition, a fuzzy decision-making method combining subjective and objective is proposed to help power grid enterprises select the most appropriate solution. The proposed method is tested on several IEEE bus systems and Polish 2383-bus system, and the test results verify its effectiveness.
17.	Carlsson, Henrik, 1979-, et al. (författare) Methods for Reliable Simulation-Based PLC Code Verification 2012 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - 1941-0050 .- 1551-3203. ; 8:2, s. 267-278 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Simulation-based programmable logic controller (PLC) code verification is a part of virtual commissioning, where the control code is verified against a virtual prototype of an application. With today's general OPC interface, it is easy to connect a PLC to a simulation tool for, e. g., verification purposes. However, there are some problems with this approach that can lead to an unreliable verification result. In this paper, four major problems with the OPC interface are described, and two possible solutions to the problems are presented: a general IEC 61131-3-based software solution, and a new OPC standard solution.
18.	Cengic, Goran, 1978, et al. (författare) On Formal Analysis of IEC 61499 Applications, Part A: Modeling 2010 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - 1941-0050 .- 1551-3203. ; 6:2, s. 136-144 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract IEC 61499 is a standard architecture, based on function blocks, for developing distributed control and measurement applications. However, the standard has no formal semantics and different interpretations of the standard have emerged. As a consequence, it is harder to transfer applications between different standard compliant platforms. This paper presents a formal framework for mathematical modeling and comparison of different execution semantics. The framework provides definitions that allow modeling of applications and execution semantics separately. Together, the models can be used to analyze and compare how an application would behave when executed using different execution semantics. In addition, a mathematical model made possible by the framework has been used as a basis for implementation of a runtime environment that can execute applications and a software tool that generates formal models suitable for formal verification, both assuming different execution semantics.
19.	Cengic, Goran, 1978, et al. (författare) On Formal Analysis of IEC 61499 Applications, Part B: Execution Semantics 2010 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - 1941-0050 .- 1551-3203. ; 6:2, s. 145-154 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract IEC 61499 is a standard architecture, based on function blocks, for developing distributed control and measurement applications. However, the standard has no formal semantics and different interpretations of the standard have emerged. As a consequence, the execution behavior of applications running on different platforms may exhibit different behavior, thus making it harder to transfer applications between the platforms. This paper shows how three different execution semantics, buffered sequential execution model (BSEM), nonpreempted multithreaded (NPMTR), and cyclic buffered execution model (CBEM) can be mathematically defined. The mathematical definitions can be used to analyze an application's behavior when executed using those execution semantics. The mathematical definitions have been used as a basis for implementation of a runtime environment and a software tool that generates formal models suitable for formal verification. Formal verification can be used to help discover execution errors before the application is executed on the factory floor.
20.	Chang, Jianghao, et al. (författare) Detection of Water-Filled Mining Goaf Using Mining Transient Electromagnetic Method 2020 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 16:5, s. 2977-2984 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Water-filled mining goaves are extremely prone to water inrush accidents in coal mines, and the transient electromagnetic method (TEM) is a good geophysical method for detecting water-rich areas. Considering that conventional TEM was mainly carried out on the ground, to increase the detection resolution, the underground TEM was used to detect the water-filled goaves in this study. Based on the whole-space model, the data-processing method of the underground TEM was studied. The whole-space geoelectric model was established based on actual coal-measure strata data, and the whole-space TEM response of the water-filled goaves was modeled using the finite-difference time-domain method. The results showed that the low-resistance areas of the apparent resistivity contours can accurately reflect the water abundance of the mining goaves. The underground TEM was used to detect the water abundance of the mining goaf in a mine environment and its detection results were consistent with the actual results.
21.	Chivilikhin, Daniil, et al. (författare) Automatic state machine reconstruction from legacy PLC using data collection and SAT solver 2020 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 16:12, s. 7821-7831 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Nowadays an increasing number of industries are considering moving towards being Industry 4.0 compliant. But this transition is not straightforward: transfer to new system can lead to significant production downtime, resulting in delays and cost overruns. The best way is systematic seamless transition to newer and advanced technologies that Industry 4.0 offers. This paper proposes a framework based on automatic synthesis methods that learns the behavior of an existing legacy programmable logic controller (PLC) and generates state machines that can be incorporated into IEC 61499 function blocks. Proposed algorithms are based on Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solvers. The first algorithm accepts a set of noisy PLC traces and produces a set of candidate state machines that satisfy the traces. The second algorithm accepts error-free traces and synthesizes a modular controller that may be distributed across several physical devices. The toolchain architecture is exemplified on a laboratory scale Festo mechatronic system.
22.	Chivilikhin, Daniil, et al. (författare) Function Block Finite-State Model Identification Using SAT and CSP Solvers 2019 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 15:8, s. 4558-4568 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We propose a two-stage exact approach for identifying finite-state models of function blocks based on given execution traces. First, a base finite-state model is inferred with a method based on translation to the Boolean satisfiability problem, and then, the base model is generalized by inferring minimal guard conditions of the state machine with a method based on translation to the constraint satisfaction problem.
23.	Chivilikhin, Daniil, et al. (författare) Reconstruction of Function Block Logic Using Metaheuristic Algorithm 2017 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 13:4, s. 1763-1771 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract An approach for automatic reconstruction of automation logic from execution scenarios using a metaheuristic algorithm is proposed. IEC 61499 basic function blocks are chosen as implementation language and reconstruction of Execution Control Charts for basic function blocks is addressed. The synthesis method is based on a metaheuristic algorithm that combines ideas from ant colony optimization and evolutionary computation. Execution scenarios can be recorded from testing legacy software solutions. At this stage results are only limited to generation of basic function blocks having only Boolean input/output variables.
24.	Conmy, Philippa, et al. (författare) Component-based safety analysis of FPGAs 2010 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 6:2, s. 195-205 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Component-based and modular software development techniques have become established in recent years. Without complementary verification and certification methods the benefits of these development techniques are reduced. As part of certification, it is necessary to show a system is acceptably safe which subsumes both the normal and abnormal (failure) cases. However, nonfunctional properties, such as safety and failures, are abstraction breakers, cutting across multiple components. Also, much of the work on component-based engineering has been applied to software-based systems rather than field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based systems whose use is becoming more popular in industry. In this paper, we show how a modular design embedded on a FPGA can be exhaustively analyzed (from a safety perspective) to derive the failure and safety properties to give the evidence needed for a safety case. The specific challenges faced are analyzing the fault characteristics of individual electronic components, combining the results across software modules, and then feeding this into a system safety case. A secondary benefit of taking this approach is that there is less uncertainty in the performance of the device, hence, it can be used for higher integrity systems. Finally, design improvements can be specifically targeted at areas of safety concern, leading to more optimal utilization of the FPGA device.
25.	Dai, Wenbin, et al. (författare) A Cloud-Based Decision Support System for Self-Healing in Distributed Automation Systems Using Fault Tree Analysis 2018 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 14:3, s. 989-1000 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Downtime is a key performance index for industrial automation systems. An industrial automation system achieves maximum productivity when its downtime is reduced to the minimum. One approach to minimize downtime is to predict system faults and recover from them automatically. A cloud-based decision support system is proposed for rapid problem identifications and to assist the self-management processes. By running multiple parallel simulations of control software with real-time inputs ahead of system time, faults could be detected and corrected automatically using autonomous industrial software agents. Fault trees, as well as control algorithms, are modeled using IEC 61499 function blocks that can be directly executed on both physical controllers and cloud services. A case study of water heating process is used to demonstrate the self-healing process supported by the cloud-based decision support system.
26.	Dai, Wenbin, et al. (författare) Automatically generated layered ontological models for semantic analysis of component-based control systems 2013 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 9:4, s. 2124-2136 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The IEC 61499 standard is designed for distributed control and proposes new visual form of programming using block diagrams with embedded state machines and unlimited hierarchical nesting and distribution across networking devices. Such visual programs require new methods of automatic syntactic and semantic analysis. This paper proposes a new approach to semantic analysis using multiple-layered ontological knowledge representation and rule-based inference engine. Its working is demonstrated on example.
27.	Dai, Wenbin, et al. (författare) Bridging Service-Oriented Architecture and IEC 61499 for Flexibility and Interoperability 2015 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 11:3, s. 771-781 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In recent years, requirements for interoperability, flexibility, and reconfigurability of complex automation industry applications have increased dramatically. The adoption of service-oriented architectures (SOAs) could be a feasible solution to meet these challenges. The IEC 61499 standard defines a set of management commands, which provides the capability of dynamic reconfiguration without affecting normal operation. In this paper, a formal model is proposed for the application of SOAs in the distributed automation domain in order to achieve flexible automation systems. Practical scenarios of applying SOA in industrial automation are discussed. In order to support the SOA IEC 61499 model, a service-based execution environment architecture is proposed. One main characteristic of flexibility-dynamic reconfiguration-is also demonstrated using a case study example.
28.	Dai, Wenbin, et al. (författare) Response to “Comments on Bridging Service-Oriented Architecture and IEC 61499 for Flexibility and Interoperability” 2017 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 13:4, s. 1497-1502 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Service-oriented architecture is increasingly applied in industrial cyber-physical systems to provide better flexibility and interoperability between various systems and devices. In the previous work (IEEE Trans. On Industrial Informatics, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp 771 – 781, June 2015), a service-based execution environment for IEC 61499 is proposed to enhance flexibility and interoperability in distributed automation systems. In this paper we discuss questions raised by some readers, for example performance overhead of the proposed method. Also other clarifications are made in order to address possible confusions expressed in the received comments
29.	Dai, Wenbin, et al. (författare) Towards Self-Manageable and Adaptive Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems with Knowledge-Driven Autonomic Service Management 2017 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 13:2, s. 725-736 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract An increasingly important goal of industrial automation systems is to continuously optimize physical resource utilization such as materials. Distributed automation is seen as one enabling technology for achieving this goal, in which networking controller nodes collaborate in a peer to peer way to form a new paradigm, namely industrial cyber-physical systems (iCPS). In order to achieve rapid response to changes from both high level control systems and plant environment, the proposed self-manageable agent relies on the use of the Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) that improves flexibility and interoperability. It is enhanced by the autonomic service management (ASM) to implement software modifications in a fully automatic manner, thus achieving self-manageable and adaptive industrial cyberphysical systems. The architecture design of the autonomic service manager is provided and integration with SOA based execution environment is illustrated. Preliminary tests on selfmanagement are completed using a case study of airport baggage handling system.
30.	Damiano, A., et al. (författare) Guest Editorial: Resilience in Energy Industries—Recent Advances, Open Challenges, and Future Directions 2019 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 15:7, s. 4315-4318 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
31.	De Benedictis, A., et al. (författare) Digital Twins for Anomaly Detection in the Industrial Internet of Things : Conceptual Architecture and Proof-of-Concept 2023 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 19:12, s. 11553-11563 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Modern cyber-physical systems based on the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) can be highly distributed and heterogeneous, and that increases the risk of failures due to misbehavior of interconnected components, or other interaction anomalies. In this article, we introduce a conceptual architecture for IIoT anomaly detection based on the paradigms of digital twins (DT) and autonomic computing (AC), and we test it through a proof-of-concept of industrial relevance. The architecture is derived from the current state-of-the-art in DT research and leverages on the MAPE-K feedback loop of AC in order to monitor, analyze, plan, and execute appropriate reconfiguration or mitigation strategies based on the detected deviation from prescriptive behavior stored as shared knowledge. We demonstrate the approach and discuss results by using a reference operational scenario of adequate complexity and criticality within the European Railway Traffic Management System.
32.	de Silva, D., et al. (författare) Guest Editorial : Special Section on Developments in Artificial Intelligence for Industrial Informatics 2019 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 15:6, s. 3690-3692 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI), empowered by robust computing infrastructure and abundance of data, maintains potential for radical transformation of human society, essentially a third phase in evolution. Numerous research endeavor, policy development, and thought-leadership are presently in progress aimed at discovering data-driven intelligent decision-making solutions for smart cities, smart grids, smart homes, and informed citizens as well as addressing potential risks posed by AI workplace automation. Joining this broad effort, this Special Section contributes six research articles that consolidate recent developments in AI for industrial informatics.
33.	Deng, Ruilong, et al. (författare) False Data Injection on State Estimation in Power Systems—Attacks, Impacts, and Defense: A Survey 2017 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 13:2, s. 411-423 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The accurately estimated state is of great importance for maintaining a stable running condition of power systems. To maintain the accuracy of the estimated state, bad data detection (BDD) is utilized by power systems to get rid of erroneous measurements due to meter failures or outside attacks. However, false data injection (FDI) attacks, as recently revealed, can circumvent BDD and insert any bias into the value of the estimated state. Continuous works on constructing and/or protecting power systems from such attacks have been done in recent years. This survey comprehensively overviews three major aspects: constructing FDI attacks; impacts of FDI attacks on electricity market; and defending against FDI attacks. Specifically, we first explore the problem of constructing FDI attacks, and further show their associated impacts on electricity market operations, from the adversary's point of view. Then, from the perspective of the system operator, we present countermeasures against FDI attacks. We also outline the future research directions and potential challenges based on the above overview, in the context of FDI attacks, impacts, and defense.
34.	Deng, Shuiguang, et al. (författare) Dynamical Resource Allocation in Edge for Trustable Internet-of-Things Systems : A Reinforcement Learning Method 2020 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 16:9, s. 6103-6113 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Edge computing (EC) is now emerging as a key paradigm to handle the increasing Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices connected to the edge of the network. By using the services deployed on the service provisioning system which is made up of edge servers nearby, these IoT devices are enabled to fulfill complex tasks effectively. Nevertheless, it also brings challenges in trustworthiness management. The volatile environment will make it difficult to comply with the service-level agreement (SLA), which is an important index of trustworthiness declared by these IoT services. In this article, by denoting the trustworthiness gain with how well the SLA can comply, we first encode the state of the service provisioning system and the resource allocation scheme and model the adjustment of allocated resources for services as a Markov decision process (MDP). Based on these, we get a trained resource allocating policy with the help of the reinforcement learning (RL) method. The trained policy can always maximize the services' trustworthiness gain by generating appropriate resource allocation schemes dynamically according to the system states. By conducting a series of experiments on the YouTube request dataset, we show that the edge service provisioning system using our approach has 21.72% better performance at least compared to baselines.
35.	Diez-Olivan, Alberto, et al. (författare) Adaptive Dendritic Cell-Deep Learning Approach for Industrial Prognosis Under Changing Conditions 2021 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 17:11, s. 7760-7770 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Industrial prognosis refers to the prediction of failures of an industrial asset based on data collected by Internet of Things sensors. Prognostic models can experience the undesired effects of concept drift, namely, the presence of nonstationary phenomena that affects the data collected over time. Consequently, fault patterns learned from data become obsolete. To overcome this issue, contextual and operational changes must be detected and managed, triggering rapid model adaptation mechanisms. This article presents an adaptive learning approach based on a dendritic cell algorithm for drift detection and a deep neural network model that dynamically adapts to new operational conditions. A kernel density estimator with drift-based bandwidth is used to generate synthetic data for a faster adaptation, focusing on fine-tuning the lowest neural layers. Experimental results over a real-world industrial problem shed light on the outperforming behavior of the proposed approach when compared to other drift detectors and classification models.
36.	Dobslaw, Felix, 1983-, et al. (författare) End-to-End Reliability-aware Scheduling for Wireless Sensor Networks 2016 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 12:2, s. 758-767 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are gaining popularity as a flexible and economical alternative to field-bus installations for monitoring and control applications. For missioncritical applications, communication networks must provide endto- end reliability guarantees, posing substantial challenges for WSN. Reliability can be improved by redundancy, and is often addressed on the MAC layer by re-submission of lost packets, usually applying slotted scheduling. Recently, researchers have proposed a strategy to optimally improve the reliability of a given schedule by repeating the most rewarding slots in a schedule incrementally until a deadline. This Incrementer can be used with most scheduling algorithms but has scalability issues which narrows its usability to offline calculations of schedules, for networks that are rather static. In this paper, we introduce SchedEx, a generic heuristic scheduling algorithm extension which guarantees a user-defined end-to-end reliability. SchedEx produces competitive schedules to the existing approach, and it does that consistently more than an order of magnitude faster. The harsher the end-to-end reliability demand of the network, the better SchedEx performs compared to the Incrementer. We further show that SchedEx has a more evenly distributed improvement impact on the scheduling algorithms, whereas the Incrementer favors schedules created by certain scheduling algorithms.
37.	Dobslaw, Felix, et al. (författare) QoS-Aware Cross-layer Configuration for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks 2016 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 12:5, s. 1679-1691 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In many applications of Industrial Sensor Networks, stringentreliability and maximum delay constraints paired with priority demands ona sensor-basis are present. These QoS requirements pose tough challenges forIndustrial Wireless Sensor Networks that are deployed to an ever largerextent due to their flexibility and extendibility.In this paper, we introduce an integrated cross-layer framework, SchedEx-GA, spanning MAC layer and networklayer. SchedEx-GA attempts to identify a network configuration that fulfills all application-specific process requirements over a topology including the sensorpublish rates, maximum acceptable delay, service differentiation, and eventtransport reliabilities. The network configuration comprisesthe decision for routing, as well as scheduling.For many of the evaluatedtopologies it is not possible to find a valid configuration due to the physicalconditions of the environment. We therefore introduce a converging algorithm on top of the frameworkwhich configures a given topology by additional sink positioning in order tobuild a backbone with the gateway that guaranteesthe application specific constraints.The results show that, in order to guarantee a high end-to-end reliability of 99.999% for all flows in a network containing emergency, control loop, andmonitoring traffic, a backbone with multiple sinks is often required for thetested topologies. Additional features, such as multi-channel utilization andaggregation, though, can substantially reduce the demand for required sinks.In its present version, the framework is used for centralized control, butwith the potential to be extended for de-centralized control in future work.
38.	Dong, Guangzhong, et al. (författare) Active Balancing of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Graph Theory and A-Star Search Algorithm 2021 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - 1941-0050 .- 1551-3203. ; 17:4, s. 2587-2599 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The heterogeneity of cells in a battery pack is inevitable but brings high risks of premature failure and even safety hazards. Accordingly, for safe and long-life operation, it is necessary to adjust the state of charge (SOC) of all in-pack cells to the same level. To address this problem, this article first proposes a battery SOC observer and analyzes its stability and convergence analysis using the Lyapunov direct method. Different to most available estimators is that the proposed method does not require the information of cell capacities. Then, after modeling the equalization system as a directed graph, the equalization problem is cast as a path searching problem. Finally, an A-star algorithm subject to balancing constraints is proposed to find the shortest path in this graph, corresponding to the most efficient SOC equalization. Experimental results show that the steady-state error of the proposed observer is less than 2%. It also demonstrates that the A-star algorithm can decrease the balancing time and energy loss during the balancing process by 9.59% and 19.5%, respectively, relative to the mean-difference-average method.
39.	Du, Wei, et al. (författare) Robust Order Scheduling in the Discrete Manufacturing Industry : a Multiobjective Optimization Approach 2018 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 14:1, s. 253-264 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Order scheduling is of vital importance in discrete manufacturing industries. This paper takes fashion industry as an example and discusses the robust order scheduling problem in the fashion industry. In the fashion industry, order scheduling focuses on the assignment of production orders to appropriate production lines. In reality, before a new order can be put into production, a series of activities known as preproduction events need to be completed. In addition, in real production process, owing to various uncertainties, the daily production quantity of each order is not always as expected. In this paper, by considering the preproduction events and the uncertainties in the daily production quantity, robust order scheduling problems in the fashion industry are investigated with the aid of a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm called nondominated sorting adaptive differential evolution (NSJADE). The experimental results illustrate that it is of paramount importance to consider preproduction events in order scheduling problems in the fashion industry. We also unveil that the existence of the uncertainties in the daily production quantity heavily affects the order scheduling.
40.	Dubinin, V.N., et al. (författare) Semantics-robust design patterns for IEC 61499 2012 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 8:2, s. 279-290 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The international standard IEC 61499 for the design of distributed industrial control systems defines an abstract model of function blocks (FB) which allows many different semantic interpretations. As a consequence, in addition, so-called execution models were proposed to specify the execution order of FBs. The variety of models leads to the incompatibility of tools and hinders the portability of automation software. To achieve a degree of execution model independence, in this paper, design patterns are suggested that make FB systems-robust to changes of execution semantics. A semantic-robust pattern is defined for a particular source execution model. The patterns themselves are implemented by means of the FB apparatus and therefore are fairly universal. The patterns can be defined and implemented using the FB transformations expressed in terms of Attributed Graph Grammars.
41.	Elsts, Atis, et al. (författare) Temperature-resilient time synchronization for the internet of things 2018 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 14:5, s. 2241-2250 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Networks deployed in real-world conditions have to cope with dynamic, unpredictable environmental temperature changes. These changes affect the clock rate on network nodes, and can cause faster clock de-synchronization compared to situations where devices are operating under stable temperature conditions. Wireless network protocols, such as time-slotted channel hopping (TSCH) from the IEEE 802.15.4-2015 standard, are affected by this problem, since they require tight clock synchronization among all nodes for the network to remain operational. This paper proposes a method for autonomously compensating temperature-dependent clock rate changes. After a calibration stage, nodes continuously perform temperature measurements to compensate for clock drifts at runtime. The method is implemented on low-power Internet of Things (IoT) nodes and evaluated through experiments in a temperature chamber, indoor and outdoor environments, as well as with numerical simulations. The results show that applying the method reduces the maximum synchronization error more than ten times. In this way, the method allows reduction in the total energy spent for time synchronization, which is practically relevant concern for low data rate, low energy budget TSCH networks, especially those exposed to environments with changing temperature.
42.	Espinoza, Angelina, et al. (författare) Supporting Business Workflows in Smart Grids : An Intelligent Nodes-Based Approach 2013 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - USA : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 9:3, s. 1384-1397 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper presents an application of business intelligence (BI) for electricity management systems in the context of the Smart Grid domain. Combining semantic web technologies (SWT) and elements of grid computing (GC), we have designed a distributed architecture of intelligent nodes, which are called power grid distributed nodes (PGDINs). This distributed architecture supports the majority of the grid management activities in an intelligent and collaborative way by means of distributed processing of semantic data. A node collaborative scheme is defined based on logical states that each node presents according to the events occurring in the grid. A specific BPEL business-workflow is formally defined for each logical state, based on the node's knowledge base (an electrical model) and the distributed data. The introduced core workflows allow the potential grid behavior to be predefined when a business requirement is triggered. Thus, this approach supports the grid to react and reach over again a stable state, which is defined as a working state that facilitates the provision of the required business tasks. We have validated our approach with the simulation of a well-known use case, the energy balancing verification, fed with real data from the Spanish electrical grid.
43.	Etherden, Nicholas, et al. (författare) Virtual Power Plant for Grid Services using IEC 61850 2016 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 12:1, s. 437-447 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper assesses the communication, information and functional requirements of Virtual Power Plants (VPPs). A conceptual formulation of the interoperability requirements is presented as well as a comparative study of their fulfillment by state-of-the-art communication techniques. VPP requirements are then mapped against services and information models of IEC 61850 and CIM power utility automation standards. Proposals are given for extensions of the IEC 61850 standard to enhance the interaction between VPP controller and the distributed energy resources. Finally the methodology and concepts are applied to a specific VPP consisting of hydro and wind plants, solar PV and storage facilities. Several applications to provide grid services from the proposed VPP in an existing 50 kV grid are covered. The implementation of the VPP communication and control architecture in the SCADA of demonstration plant is also presented.
44.	Farid, Amro M., et al. (författare) An Axiomatic Design of a Multiagent Reconfigurable Mechatronic System Architecture 2015 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 11:5, s. 1142-1155 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In recent years, the fields of reconfigurable manufacturing systems, holonic manufacturing systems, and multiagent systems have made technological advances to support the ready reconfiguration of automated manufacturing systems. While these technological advances have demonstrated robust operation and been qualitatively successful in achieving reconfigurability, their ultimate industrial adoption remains limited. Among the barriers to adoption has been the relative absence of formal and quantitative multiagent system design methodologies based on reconfigurability measurement. Hence, it is not clear that the degree to which these designs have achieved their intended level of reconfigurability, which systems are indeed quantitatively more reconfigurable, and how these designs may overcome their design limitations to achieve greater reconfigurability in subsequent design iterations. To our knowledge, this paper is the first multiagent system reference architecture for reconfigurable manufacturing systems driven by a quantitative and formal design approach. It is rooted in an established engineering design methodology called axiomatic design for large flexible engineering systems and draws upon design principles distilled from prior works on reconfigurability measurement. The resulting architecture is written in terms of the mathematical description used in reconfigurability measurement, which straightforwardly allows instantiation for system-specific application.
45.	Ganjalizadeh, Milad, et al. (författare) Saving Energy and Spectrum in Enabling URLLC Services : A Scalable RL Solution 2023 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; , s. 1-11 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Communication systems supporting cyber-physical production applications should satisfy stringent delay and reliability requirements. Diversity techniques and power control are the main approaches to reduce latency and enhance the reliability of wireless communications at the expense of redundant transmissions and excessive resource usage. Focusing on the application layer reliability key performance indicators (KPIs), we design a deep reinforcement learning orchestrator for power control and hybrid automatic repeat request retransmissions to optimize these KPIs. Furthermore, to address the scalability issue that emerges in the per-device orchestration problem, we develop a new branching soft actor-critic framework in which a separate branch represents the action space of each industrial device. Our orchestrator enables near real-time control and can be implemented in the edge cloud. We test our solution with a 3GPP-compliant and realistic simulator for factory automation scenarios. Compared to the state-of-the-art, our solution offers significant scalability gains in terms of computational time and memory requirements. Our extensive experiments show significant improvements in our target KPIs, over the state-of-the-art, especially for 5th percentile user availability. To achieve these targets, our framework requires substantially less total energy or spectrum, thanks to our scalable RL solution.
46.	Gehrmann, Christian, et al. (författare) A digital twin based industrial automation and control system security architecture 2020 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 16:1, s. 669-680 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The digital twin is a rather new industrial control and automation systems concept. While the approach so far has gained interest mainly due to capabilities to make advanced simulations and optimizations, recently the possibilities for enhanced security have got attention within the research community. In this article, we discuss how a digital twin replication model and corresponding security architecture can be used to allow data sharing and control of security-critical processes. We identify design-driving security requirements for digital twin based data sharing and control. We show that the proposed state synchronization design meets the expected digital twin synchronization requirements and give a high-level design and evaluation of other security components of the architecture. We also make performance evaluations of a proof of concept for protected software upgrade using the proposed digital twin design. Our new security framework provides a foundation for future research work in this promising new area.
47.	Georgoulas, Georgios, et al. (författare) The use of a multilabel classification framework for the detection of broken bars and mixed eccentricity faults based on the start-up transient 2017 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 13:2, s. 625-634 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this paper, a data-driven approach for the classification of simultaneously occurring faults in an induction motor is presented. The problem is treated as a multilabel classification problem, with each label corresponding to one specific fault. The faulty conditions examined include the existence of a broken bar fault and the presence of mixed eccentricity with various degrees of static and dynamic eccentricity, while three 'problem transformation' methods are tested and compared. For the feature extraction stage, the start-up current is exploited using two well-known time-frequency (scale) transformations. This is the first time that a multilabel framework is used for the diagnosis of co-occurring fault conditions using information coming from the start-up current of induction motors. The efficiency of the proposed approach is validated using simulation data with promising results irrespective of the selected time-frequency transformation
48.	Ghayvat, Hemant, et al. (författare) SHARIF : Solid Pod-Based Secured Healthcare Information Storage and Exchange Solution in Internet of Things 2022 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 18:8, s. 5609-5618 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The recent development has enlightened health informatics on the Internet of medical Things (IoT) 5.0. Healthcare services have seen greater acceptance of information and communications technology (ICT) in recent years; in light of the increasing volume of patient data, the traditional way of storing data in physical files has eventually moved to a digital alternative such as electronic health record (EHR). However, conventional healthcare data systems are plagued with a single point of failure, security issues, mutable logging, and inefficient methods to retrieve healthcare records. Social linked data (Solid) has been developed as a decentralized technology to alter digital data sharing and ownership for its users radically. However, Solid alone cannot address all the security issues posed to data exchange and storage. Present research combines two decentralized technologies, Solid ecosystem and blockchain technology, to tackle all potential security issues using solidity-based smart contracts, thereby providing a secure patient-centric design for the complex under developing EHR data exchange.
49.	Gidlund, Mikael, 1972-, et al. (författare) Guest Editorial : Security, Privacy, and Trust for Industrial Internet of Things 2020 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 16:1, s. 625-628 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This Special Section on "Security, privacy, and trust for Industrial Internet of Things" of the IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics (TII) highlights the main research challenges in the industrial Internet of Things (IoT) security, privacy, and trust. The designated nine high-quality research articles cover a wide range of the special section theme, including innovative solutions and novel technologies. These articles are briefly summarized. © 2019 IEEE.
50.	Gidlund, Mikael, 1972-, et al. (författare) Guest Editorial From Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks to Industrial Internet of Things 2018 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 4:5, s. 2194-2198 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)

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