| 1. |
- Bagavathy Shanmugam, Karthikeyan, et al.
(författare)
-
Prenatal exposure to environmental contaminants and cord serum metabolite profiles in future immune-mediated diseases
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 34:4, s. 647-658
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Prenatal exposure to environmental contaminants is a significant health concern because it has the potential to interfere with host metabolism, leading to adverse health effects in early childhood and later in life. Growing evidence suggests that genetic and environmental factors, as well as their interactions, play a significant role in the development of autoimmune diseases.OBJECTIVE: In this study, we hypothesized that prenatal exposure to environmental contaminants impacts cord serum metabolome and contributes to the development of autoimmune diseases.METHODS: We selected cord serum samples from All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) general population cohort, from infants who later developed one or more autoimmune-mediated and inflammatory diseases: celiac disease (CD), Crohn's disease (IBD), hypothyroidism (HT), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and type 1 diabetes (T1D) (all cases, N = 62), along with matched controls (N = 268). Using integrated exposomics and metabolomics mass spectrometry (MS) based platforms, we determined the levels of environmental contaminants and metabolites.RESULTS: Differences in exposure levels were found between the controls and those who later developed various diseases. High contaminant exposure levels were associated with changes in metabolome, including amino acids and free fatty acids. Specifically, we identified marked associations between metabolite profiles and exposure levels of deoxynivalenol (DON), bisphenol S (BPS), and specific per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS).IMPACT STATEMENT: Abnormal metabolism is a common feature preceding several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, few studies compared common and specific metabolic patterns preceding these diseases. Here we hypothesized that exposure to environmental contaminants impacts cord serum metabolome, which may contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. We found differences in exposure levels between the controls and those who later developed various diseases, and importantly, on the metabolic changes associated with the exposures. High contaminant exposure levels were associated with specific changes in metabolome. Our study suggests that prenatal exposure to specific environmental contaminants alters the cord serum metabolomes, which, in turn, might increase the risk of various immune-mediated diseases.
|
|
| 2. |
- Barrón Cuenca, Jessika, et al.
(författare)
-
Pesticide exposure among Bolivian farmers : associations between worker protection and exposure biomarkers
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of pesticides has increased during the past decades, also increasing the risk of exposure to toxic pesticides that can cause detrimental health effects in the future. This is of special concern among farmers in low-to-middle-income countries that may lack proper training in the safe use of these chemicals. To assess the situation in Bolivia a cross-sectional study in three agricultural communities was performed (n = 297). Handling, use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and pesticide exposure were assessed by a questionnaire and measurements of urinary pesticide metabolites (UPMs). Results showed that methamidophos (65%) and paraquat (52%) were the most commonly used pesticides and that 75% of the farmers combined several pesticides while spraying. Notably, only 17% of the farmers used recommended PPEs while 84% reported to have experienced symptoms of acute pesticide poisoning after spraying. UPM measurements indicated high levels of exposure to chlorpyrifos, pyrethroids and 2,4D and that men generally were more highly exposed compared to women. Our study demonstrates that farmers who are better at following recommendations for pesticide handling and use of PPE had a significantly lower risk of having high UPM levels of most measured pesticides. Our results thus confirm the need of proper training of farmers in low-to-middle-income countries in proper protection and pesticide handling in order to reduce exposure levels and health problems.
|
|
| 3. |
- Chen, Xiao, et al.
(författare)
-
The association between cumulative cadmium intake and osteoporosis and risk of fracture in a Chinese population
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Springer. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 29:3, s. 435-443
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone is one of the target organs for cadmium toxicity. However, few studies have shown the association between cumulative cadmium intake and prevalence of osteoporosis and bone fracture. In the present study, we evaluated the association between cumulative cadmium intake and osteoporosis and risk of fracture in a Chinese population. A total of 790 subjects (488 women and 302 men) living in a control area and two cadmium-polluted areas were included. The cumulative cadmium intake was estimated by a food survey. The bone mineral density was determined by using single-photon absorptiometry. The cumulative cadmium intakes were 0.48, 2.14, and 11.00 g for men, and 0.42, 2.11, and 11.12 g in women in control, and moderately and heavily polluted areas, respectively. In women, the odds ratios (ORs) of subjects with a cadmium intake between 2.21 and 10.63 g and >10.63 g were 1.30 (95% CI: 0.58-2.94) and 2.36 (95% CI: 1.14-5.16), compared with those with a cadmium intake < 0.58 g after adjusting to the confounders for osteoporosis. The ORs of subjects with a cadmium intake >10.63 g were 2.34 (95% CI: 1.23-4.38) for all of the women and 2.62 (95% CI: 1.02-5.58) in women ≥ 60 years old, compared with those with a cadmium intake <10.63 g after adjusting to the confounders for bone fractures. In men, similar trends were observed, but no statistical significance was found. In addition, those subjects with renal tubular dysfunction showed high risk of bone fracture. Our results indicate that a high level of cumulative cadmium intake is associated with an increased rate of osteoporosis and fractures among women.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Dunder, Linda, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and diabetes in two population-based cohort studies from Sweden
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 33:5, s. 748-756
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been suggested to contribute to the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, evidence from epidemiological studies remain divergent. The aim of the present study was to evaluate associations between PFAS exposure and prevalent diabetes in a cross-sectional analysis and fasting glucose in a longitudinal analysis.METHODS: In 2373 subjects aged 45-75 years from the EpiHealth study, three PFAS; perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) were analyzed in plasma together with information on prevalent diabetes. Participants in the PIVUS study (n = 1016 at baseline, all aged 70 years) were followed over 10 years regarding changes in plasma levels of six PFAS; PFHxS, PFOA, PFOS, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), and changes in plasma levels of fasting glucose.RESULTS: In the EpiHealth study, no overall associations could be observed between the levels of PFOA, PFOS or PFHxS and prevalent diabetes. However, there was a significant sex-interaction for PFOA (p = 0.02), and an inverse association could be seen between PFOA (on a SD-scale) and prevalent diabetes in women only (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.96, p-value: 0.02). This association showed a non-monotonic dose-response curve. In the PIVUS study, inverse relationships could be observed between the changes in levels (ln-transformed) of PFOA and PFUnDA vs the change in fasting glucose levels (ln-transformed) over 10 years (p = 0.04 and p = 0.02, respectively). As in EpiHealth, these inverse associations were significant only in women (PFOA: β: -0.03, p = 0.02, PFUnDA: β: -0.03, p = 0.03).IMPACT: Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been linked to unfavorable human health, including metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, results from in vivo, in vitro and epidemiological studies are incoherent. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate associations between PFAS and diabetes in a cross-sectional study and glucose levels in a longitudinal study. Results show inverse associations in women only. Results also display non-monotonic dose response curves (i.e., that only low levels of PFOA are related to higher probability of prevalent diabetes). This suggests that sex differences and complex molecular mechanisms may underlie the observed findings. A better understanding of the factors and molecular mechanisms contributing to such differences is recognized as an important direction for future research.CONCLUSIONS: PFOA was found to be inversely related to both prevalent diabetes and changes in plasma glucose levels among women only. Thus, our findings suggest there are sex differences in the inverse relationship of PFOA and type 2 diabetes and glucose levels.
|
|
| 8. |
- Eriksson, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
-
Residential traffic noise exposure assessment : application and evaluation of European Environmental Noise Directive maps
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 23:5, s. 531-538
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital noise maps produced according to the European Environmental Noise Directive (END) could provide valuable exposure information in noise and health research. However, their usefulness in epidemiological studies has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to apply and evaluate Swedish END maps for assessments of residential traffic noise exposure. END maps from three Swedish cities were used to assess residential traffic noise exposure for a population sample of 2496 men and women included in a national Environmental Health Survey. For each subject, we assessed noise levels manually and automatically at three geographical points, using survey data to locate dwellings within buildings. Cohen's kappa coefficient (kappa) was used to assess agreement between the noise estimates. To evaluate the maps, we compared the observed and predicted proportions of annoyed residents as a function of noise exposure using survey data and already established exposure-response relationships. The root mean square deviation (r.m.s.) was used to assess the precision of observed estimates. The agreement between the noise estimates ranged from kappa = 0.4 to 0.8. Generally, there was a high correspondence between observed and predicted exposure-response relationships for noise annoyance, regardless of method and if data on dwelling location within building were used. The best precision was, however, found when we manually corrected the noise level according to the location of the dwelling within buildings (r.m.s. = 0.029). Noise maps based on the END appear useful for assessing residential traffic noise exposure, particularly if combined with survey data on dwelling location.
|
|
| 9. |
- Fantke, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Building a European exposure science strategy
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 30:6, s. 917-924
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure information is a critical element in various regulatory and non-regulatory frameworks in Europe and elsewhere. Exposure science supports to ensure safe environments, reduce human health risks, and foster a sustainable future. However, increasing diversity in regulations and the lack of a professional identity as exposure scientists currently hamper developing the field and uptake into European policy. In response, we discuss trends, and identify three key needs for advancing and harmonizing exposure science and its application in Europe. We provide overarching building blocks and define six long-term activities to address the identified key needs, and to iteratively improve guidelines, tools, data, and education. More specifically, we propose creating European networks to maximize synergies with adjacent fields and identify funding opportunities, building common exposure assessment approaches across regulations, providing tiered education and training programmes, developing an aligned and integrated exposure assessment framework, offering best practices guidance, and launching an exposure information exchange platform. Dedicated working groups will further specify these activities in a consistent action plan. Together, these elements form the foundation for establishing goals and an action roadmap for successfully developing and implementing a 'European Exposure Science Strategy' 2020-2030, which is aligned with advances in science and technology.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Gruzieva, Olena, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison of personal exposure to black carbon levels with fixed-site monitoring data and with dispersion modelling and the influence of activity patterns and environment
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 34:3, s. 538-545
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Short-term studies of health effects from ambient air pollution usually rely on fixed site monitoring data or spatio-temporal models for exposure characterization, but the relation to personal exposure is often not known.Objective: We aimed to explore this relation for black carbon (BC) in central Stockholm.Methods: Families (n = 46) with an infant, one parent working and one parent on parental leave, carried battery-operated BC instruments for 7 days. Routine BC monitoring data were obtained from rural background (RB) and urban background (UB) sites. Outdoor levels of BC at home and work were estimated in 24 h periods by dispersion modelling based on hourly real-time meteorological data, and statistical meteorological data representing annual mean conditions. Global radiation, air pressure, precipitation, temperature, and wind speed data were obtained from the UB station. All families lived in the city centre, within 4 km of the UB station.Results: The average level of 24 h personal BC was 425 (s.d. 181) ng/m3 for parents on leave, and 394 (s.d. 143) ng/m3 for working parents. The corresponding fixed-site monitoring observations were 148 (s.d. 139) at RB and 317 (s.d. 149) ng/m3 at UB. Modelled BC levels at home and at work were 493 (s.d. 228) and 331 (s.d. 173) ng/m3, respectively. UB, RB and air pressure explained only 21% of personal 24 h BC variability for parents on leave and 25% for working parents. Modelled home BC and observed air pressure explained 23% of personal BC, and adding modelled BC at work increased the explanation to 34% for the working parents.Impact: Short-term studies of health effects from ambient air pollution usually rely on fixed site monitoring data or spatio-temporal models for exposure characterization, but the relation to actual personal exposure is often not known. In this study we showed that both routine monitoring and modelled data explained less than 35% of variability in personal black carbon exposure. Hence, short-term health effects studies based on fixed site monitoring or spatio-temporal modelling are likely to be underpowered and subject to bias.
|
|
| 16. |
- Hagenbjörk-Gustafsson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
-
Determinants of personal exposure to some carcinogenic substances and nitrogen dioxide among the general population in five Swedish cities
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 24:4, s. 437-443
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental levels of airborne carcinogenic and related substances are comparatively better known than individual exposure and its determinants. We report on a personal monitoring program involving five Swedish urban populations. The aim of the program was to investigate personal exposure to benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The measurements were performed among 40 inhabitants during seven consecutive days, in one urban area each year, during 2000-2008. The estimated population exposure levels were 1.95 mu g/m(3) for benzene, 0.56 mu g/m(3) for 1,3-butadiene, 19.4 mu g/m(3) for formaldehyde, and 14.1,mu g/m(3) for NO2. Statistical analysis using a mixed-effects model revealed that time spent in traffic and time outdoors contributed to benzene and 1,3- butadiene exposure. For benzene, refueling a car was an additional determinant influencing the exposure level. Smoking or environmental tobacco smoke were significant determinants of exposure to NO2, benzene, and 1, 3-butadiene. Those with a gas stove had higher NO2 exposure. Living in a single-family house increased the exposure to formaldehyde significantly. In a variance component model, the between-subject variance dominated for 1,3-butadiene and formaldehyde, whereas the between-city variance dominated for NO2. For benzene, the between-subject and between-cities variances were similar.
|
|
| 17. |
- Hallberg, Ida, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations between lifestyle factors and levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), phthalates and parabens in follicular fluid in women undergoing fertility treatment
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Springer Nature. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 33, s. 699-709
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Concerns have been raised whether exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can alter reproductive functions and play a role in the aetiology of infertility in women. With increasing evidence of adverse effects, information on factors associated with exposure is necessary to form firm recommendations aiming at reducing exposure.Objective: Our aim was to identify associations between lifestyle factors including the home environment, use of personal care products (PCP), and dietary habits and concentrations of EDCs in ovarian follicular fluid.Methods: April-June 2016, 185 women undergoing ovum pick-up for in vitro fertilisation in Sweden were recruited. Correlation analyses were performed between self-reported lifestyle factors and concentration of EDCs analysed in follicular fluid. Habits related to cleaning, PCPs, and diet were assessed together with concentration of six per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) [PFHxS, PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, PFDA and PFUnDA], methyl paraben and eight phthalate metabolites [MECPP, MEHPP, MEOHP, MEHP, cxMinCH, cxMiNP, ohMiNP, MEP, MOHiBP]. Spearman's partial correlations were adjusted for age, parity and BMI.Results: Significant associations were discovered between multiple lifestyle factors and concentrations of EDCs in ovarian follicular fluid. After correcting p values for multiple testing, frequent use of perfume was associated with MEP (correlation rho = 0.41 (confidence interval 0.21-0.47), p < 0.001); hens' egg consumption was positively associated with PFOS (rho = 0.30 (0.15-0.43), p = 0.007) and PFUnDA (rho = 0.27 (0.12-0.40), p = 0.036). White fish consumption was positively associated with PFUnDA (rho = 0.34 (0.20-0.47), p < 0.001) and PFDA (rho = 0.27 (0.13-0.41), p = 0.028). More correlations were discovered when considering the raw uncorrected p values. Altogether, our results suggest that multiple lifestyle variables affect chemical contamination of follicular fluid.Impact statement: This study shows how lifestyle factors correlate with the level of contamination in the ovary by both persistent and semi-persistent chemicals in women of reproductive age. Subsequently, these data can be used to form recommendations regarding lifestyle to mitigate possible negative health outcomes and fertility problems associated with chemical exposure, and to inform chemical policy decision making. Our study can also help form the basis for the design of larger observational and intervention studies to examine possible effects of lifestyle changes on exposure levels, and to unravel the complex interactions between biological factors, lifestyle and chemical exposures in more detail.
|
|
| 18. |
- Heffernan, Amy L., et al.
(författare)
-
Pooled biological specimens for human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals : Opportunities and limitations
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 24:3, s. 225-232
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biomonitoring has become the “gold standard” in assessing chemical exposures, and has an important role in risk assessment. The pooling of biological specimens—combining multiple individual specimens into a single sample—can be used in biomonitoring studies to monitor levels of exposure and identify exposure trends or to identify susceptible populations in a cost-effective manner. Pooled samples provide an estimate of central tendency and may also reveal information about variation within the population. The development of a pooling strategy requires careful consideration of the type and number of samples collected, the number of pools required and the number of specimens to combine per pool in order to maximise the type and robustness of the data. Creative pooling strategies can be used to explore exposure–outcome associations, and extrapolation from other larger studies can be useful in identifying elevated exposures in specific individuals. The use of pooled specimens is advantageous as it saves significantly on analytical costs, may reduce the time and resources required for recruitment and, in certain circumstances, allows quantification of samples approaching the limit of detection. In addition, the use of pooled samples can provide population estimates while avoiding ethical difficulties that may be associated with reporting individual results.
|
|
| 19. |
- Heinemeyer, Gerhard, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards further harmonization of a glossary for exposure science-an ISES Europe statement
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 32:4, s. 526-529
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of aligned exposure science terminology is crucial for ease of comparison and appropriate interpretation of exposure information, regulatory reports, and scientific publications. Sometimes the use of different terminology in different contexts and areas of exposure science results in diverging interpretations of the same descriptor. During the development of the European strategy for exposure science, the need was identified to agree on a defined terminology requiring an evaluation of the commonly used terms, synonymous uses, and their relationships between each other. This paper presents the first steps in compiling the most important exposure-related terms from existing guidance documents and publications for exposure and risk assessment and adapting them to be useful for different contexts and areas. This initial step is intended to trigger discussion on terminology among exposure scientists around the globe and across regulatory and methodological silos. The glossary itself is intended as a living document to be hosted by the International Society for Exposure Science.
|
|
| 20. |
- Hellström, Lennart, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
-
Using environmental concentrations of cadmium and lead to assess human exposure and close
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Analysis And Environmental Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1053-4245 .- 1476-5519. ; 14:5, s. 416-423
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Using environmental concentrations and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to model human exposure is an emerging tool in environmental epidemiology. To evaluate the usefulness of this, we investigated to what extent cadmium and lead concentrations in soil and moss could be used as potential determinants for cadmium and lead exposure for a population living near a battery plant. Methods: Cadmium in urine and blood and lead in blood, as well as food, smoking habits, places of residence, occupations and health, were determined for 512 individuals living near a closed down battery factory in Sweden. Cadmium and lead contents in moss were available through previous assessments by the Geological Survey of Sweden. Soil samples had been collected at various distances from the factory, and analyzed for cadmium and lead contents in 1990. Kriging technique in GIS was used to create areas with different metal concentrations based on these measurements. By linking individual address coordinates to mapped concentration levels, each study subject home address received a value of cadmium and lead in moss and soil. Results: We found a statistically significant association between lead in soil and lead in blood, for female subjects eating homegrown vegetables regularly. No significant association was found between cadmium in soil and cadmium in urine for either gender in the study population. No clear associations were found for either gender regarding lead and cadmium in moss and lead in blood or cadmium in urine or in blood. Conclusion: In general, environmental concentrations may not be useful surrogates for assessing human exposure to lead and cadmium, but concentrations of metals in soil around emitting point sources can be a complement for estimating the exposure in certain subgroups.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Hänninen,, et al.
(författare)
-
Population exposure to fine particles and estimated excess mortality in Finland from an East European wildfire episode.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-064X .- 1559-0631. ; 19, s. 414-422
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-range transported particulate matter (PM) air pollution episodes associated with wildfires in the Eastern Europe are relatively common in Southern and Southeastern Finland. In severe cases such as in August-September 2002, the reduced visibility and smell of the smoke, and symptoms such as irritation of eyes and airways experienced by the population raise the issue into the headlines. Because PM air pollution, in general, has been identified as a major health risk, and the exposures are of repeating nature, the issue warrants a risk assessment to estimate the magnitude of the problem. The current work uses the available air quality data in Finland to estimate population exposures caused by one of the worst episodes experienced in this decade. This episode originated from wildfires in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, and the Baltic countries. The populations of 11 Southern Finnish provinces were exposed between 26 August and 8 September 2002, for 2 weeks to an additional population-weighted average PM(2.5) level of 15.7 mug/m(3). Assuming similar effect on mortality for these particles as observed in epidemiological time series studies on urban particles (0.5%-2% increase in mortality per 10 mug/m(3), central estimate 1%), this exposure level would be associated with 9-34 cases (17 cases central estimate) of additional mortality. Epidemiological evidence specific to particles from biomass combustion is scarce, affecting also the reliability of the current risk assessment. Do the wildfire aerosols exhibit the same level of toxicity as the urban particles? To shed light on this question, it is interesting to look at the exposure data in relationship to the observed daily mortality in Finland, even though the limited duration of the episode allows only for a weak statistical power. The percentage increases observed (0.8%-2.1% per 10 mug/m(3) of fine PM) are in line with the more general estimates for urban PM and those used in the current risk assessment.Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology advance online publication, 4 June 2008; doi:10.1038/jes.2008.31.
|
|
| 23. |
- Johannesson, Sandra, 1975, et al.
(författare)
-
Exposure to fine particles (PM2.5 and PM1) and black smoke in the general population: personal, indoor, and outdoor levels
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-064X .- 1559-0631. ; 17:7, s. 613-24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personal exposure to PM(2.5) and PM(1), together with indoor and residential outdoor levels, was measured in the general adult population (30 subjects, 23-51 years of age) of Gothenburg, Sweden. Simultaneously, urban background concentrations of PM(2.5) were monitored with an EPA WINS impactor. The 24-h samples were gravimetrically analyzed for mass concentration and black smoke (BS) using a smokestain reflectometer. Median levels of PM(2.5) were 8.4 mug/m(3) (personal), 8.6 mug/m(3) (indoor), 6.4 mug/m(3) (residential outdoor), and 5.6 mug/m(3) (urban background). Personal exposure to PM(1) was 5.4 mug/m(3), while PM(1) indoor and outdoor levels were 6.2 and 5.2 mug/m(3), respectively. In non-smokers, personal exposure to PM(2.5) was significantly higher than were residential outdoor levels. BS absorption coefficients were fairly similar for all microenvironments (0.4-0.5 10(-5) m(-1)). Personal exposure to particulate matter (PM) and BS was well correlated with indoor levels, and there was an acceptable agreement between personal exposure and urban background concentrations for PM(2.5) and BS(2.5) (r(s)=0.61 and 0.65, respectively). PM(1) made up a considerable amount (70-80%) of PM(2.5) in all microenvironments. Levels of BS were higher outdoors than indoors and higher during the fall compared with spring. The correlations between particle mass and BS for both PM(2.5) vs. BS(2.5) and PM(1) versus BS(1) were weak for all microenvironments including personal exposure. The urban background station provided a good estimate of residential outdoor levels of PM(2.5) and BS(2.5) within the city (r(s)=0.90 and 0.77, respectively). Outdoor levels were considerably affected by long-range transported air pollution, which was not found for personal exposure or indoor levels. The within-individual (day-to-day) variability dominated for personal exposure to both PM(2.5) and BS(2.5) in non-smokers.Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology advance online publication, 18 April 2007; doi:10.1038/sj.jes.7500562.
|
|
| 24. |
- Johannesson, Sandra, 1975, et al.
(författare)
-
Variability of environmental exposure to fine particles, black smoke, and trace elements among a Swedish population.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-064X .- 1559-0631. ; 21:5, s. 506-514
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mixed-effects models were used to estimate within-person and between-person variance components, and some determinants of environmental exposure to particulate matter (PM(2.5)), black smoke (BS) and trace elements (Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) for personal measurements from 30 adult subjects in Gothenburg, Sweden. The within-person variance component dominated the total variability for all investigated compounds except for PM(2.5) and Zn (in which the variance components were about equal). Expressed as fold ranges containing 95% of the underlying distributions, the within-person variance component ranged between 5-fold and 39-fold (median: sixfold), whereas the between-person variance component was always
|
|
| 25. |
- Korek, Michal, et al.
(författare)
-
Can dispersion modeling of air pollution be improved by land-use regression? An example from Stockholm, Sweden
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 27:6, s. 575-581
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both dispersion modeling (DM) and land-use regression modeling (LUR) are often used for assessment of long-term air pollution exposure in epidemiological studies, but seldom in combination. We developed a hybrid DM-LUR model using 93 biweekly observations of NOx at 31 sites in greater Stockholm (Sweden). The DM was based on spatially resolved topographic, physiographic and emission data, and hourly meteorological data from a diagnostic wind model. Other data were from land use, meteorology and routine monitoring of NOx. We built a linear regression model for NOx, using a stepwise forward selection of covariates. The resulting model predicted observed NOx (R-2 = 0.89) better than the DM without covariates (R-2 = 0.68, P-interaction < 0.001) and with minimal apparent bias. The model included (in descending order of importance) DM, traffic intensity on the nearest street, population (number of inhabitants) within 100 m radius, global radiation (direct sunlight plus diffuse or scattered light) and urban contribution to NOx levels (routine urban NOx, less routine rural NOx). Our results indicate that there is a potential for improving estimates of air pollutant concentrations based on DM, by incorporating further spatial characteristics of the immediate surroundings, possibly accounting for imperfections in the emission data.
|
|
| 26. |
- Korek, Michal J., et al.
(författare)
-
Traffic-related air pollution exposure and incidence of stroke in four cohorts from Stockholm
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 25:5, s. 517-523
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the risk of stroke related to long-term ambient air pollution exposure, in particular the role of various exposure time windows, using four cohorts from Stockholm County, Sweden. In total, 22,587 individuals were recruited from 1992 to 2004 and followed until 2011. Yearly air pollution levels resulting from local road traffic emissions were assessed at participant residences using dispersion models for particulate matter (PM10) and nitrogen oxides (NOX). Cohort-specific hazard ratios were estimated for time-weighted air pollution exposure during different time windows and the incidence of stroke, adjusted for common risk factors, and then meta-analysed. Overall, 868 subjects suffered a non-fatal or fatal stroke during 238,731 person-years of follow-up. An increment of 20 mu g/m(3) in estimated annual mean of road-traffic related NOX exposure at recruitment was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.16 (95% Cl 0.83-1.61), with evidence of heterogeneity between the cohorts. For PM10, an increment of 10 mu g/m(3) corresponded to a hazard ratio of 1.14(95% Cl 0.68-1.90). Time-window analyses did not reveal any clear induction-latency pattern. In conclusion, we found suggestive evidence of an association between long-term exposure to NOX and PM10 from local traffic and stroke at comparatively low levels of air pollution.
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Lampa, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
An investigation of the co-variation in circulating levels of a large number of environmental contaminants
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 22:5, s. 476-482
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We are daily exposed to many different environmental contaminants. Mixtures of these contaminants could act together to induce more pronounced effects than the sum of the individual contaminants. To evaluate the effects of such mixtures, it is of importance to assess the co-variance amongst the contaminants. Thirty-seven environmental contaminants representing different classes were measured in blood samples from 1016 individuals aged 70 years. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to assess the co-variation among the contaminants. Within each identified cluster, possible marker contaminants were sought for. We validated our findings using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003--2004 study. Two large clusters could be identified, one representing low/medium chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (<= 6 chlorine atoms), as well as two pesticides and one representing medium/high chlorinated PCBs (>= 6 chlorine atoms). PCBs 118 and 153 could be used as markers for the low/medium chlorinated cluster and PCBs 170 and 209 could be used as markers for the medium/high chlorinated cluster. This pattern was similar to data from the NHANES study. Apart from the PCBs, little co-variation was seen among the contaminants. Thus, a large number of chemicals have to be measured to adequately identify mixtures of environmental contaminants.
|
|
| 30. |
- Li, Wenjing, et al.
(författare)
-
The spatial variation in the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular mortality in Beijing, China
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 28:3, s. 297-304
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Owing to lack of data from multiple air quality monitoring stations, studies about spatial association between concentrations of ambient pollutants and mortality in China are rare. To investigate the spatial variation of association between concentrations of particulate matter less than 10 mu m in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) and cardiovascular mortality in Beijing, China, we collected data including daily deaths, concentrations of PM10, NO2 and CO, and meteorological factors from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2010 in all 16 districts of Beijing. Generalized additive model (GAM) and generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) were used to examine the citywide and district-specific effects of PM10, NO2 and CO on cardiovascular mortality. The citywide effect derived from GAMM was lower than that derived from GAM, and the strongest effects were identified for 2-day moving average lag 0-1. The interquartile increases in concentrations of PM10, NO2 and CO were associated with 2.46 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22-3.72), 4.11 (95% CI, 2.82-5.42) and 2.23 (95% CI, 1.14-3.33) percentage increases in daily cardiovascular mortality by GAMM, respectively. The relative risk of each district compared with reference district was generally statistically significant. The death risk associated with air pollutants varies across different geographic districts in Beijing. The data indicate that the risk is high in suburban areas and rural counties. We found significant and spatially varied adverse effects of air pollution on cardiovascular deaths across the rural and urban areas in Beijing.
|
|
| 31. |
- Lindgren, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Individual whole-body concentration of (137)Cesium is associated with decreased blood counts in children in the Chernobyl-contaminated areas, Ukraine, 2008-2010.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-064X .- 1559-0631. ; 25:3, s. 334-342
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Narodichesky region, Zhitomir Oblast, Ukraine, is situated ∼80 km from the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, which exploded in 1986 and polluted the environment. A previous study found that children living in villages with high activity of (137)Cesium (Cs) in the soil had decreased levels of hemoglobin, erythrocytes and thrombocytes. These findings motivated the present study that used a more comprehensive exposure assessment, including individual whole-body concentrations (WBC) of (137)Cs (Bq/kg). This cross-sectional sample examined between 2008-2010, included 590 children in the age 0-18 years. Children with higher individual log(WBC) activity in the body had significantly decreased hemoglobin, erythrocyte and thrombocyte counts. The effect of log(WBC) on decreased thrombocyte count was only seen in children older than 12 years. The average village activity of (137)Cs (kBq/m(2)) in soil was associated with decreased blood counts only indirectly, through (137)Cs in the body as an intermediate variable. Children in this study were born at least 4 years after the accident and thus exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation from (137)Cs. This cross-sectional study indicates that low levels may be associated with decreased blood counts, but we cannot exclude that these results are due to residual confounding factors.Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology advance online publication, 25 September 2013; doi:10.1038/jes.2013.60.
|
|
| 32. |
- Lovén, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Emissions and exposures of graphene nanomaterials, titanium dioxide nanofibers, and nanoparticles during down-stream industrial handling
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-064X .- 1559-0631. ; 31:4, s. 736-752
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, engineered nanomaterials are frequently used. Nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been extensively used for many years and graphene is one type of emerging nanomaterial. Occupational airborne exposures to engineered nanomaterials are important to ensure safe workplaces and to extend the information needed for complete risk assessments. The main aim of this study was to characterize workplace emissions and exposure of graphene nanoplatelets, graphene oxide, TiO2 nanofibers (NFs) and nanoparticles (NPs) during down-stream industrial handling. Surface contaminations were also investigated to assess the potential for secondary inhalation exposures. In addition, a range of different sampling and aerosol monitoring methods were used and evaluated. The results showed that powder handling, regardless of handling graphene nanoplatelets, graphene oxide, TiO2 NFs, or NPs, contributes to the highest particle emissions and exposures. However, the exposure levels were below suggested occupational exposure limits. It was also shown that a range of different methods can be used to selectively detect and quantify nanomaterials both in the air and as surface contaminations. However, to be able to make an accurate determination of which nanomaterial that has been emitted a combination of different methods, both offline and online, must be used.
|
|
| 33. |
- Lundqvist, Johan
(författare)
-
Integrating different tools and technologies to advance drinking water quality exposure assessments
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 34, s. 108–114-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contaminants in drinking water are a major contributor to the human exposome and adverse health effects. Assessing drinking water exposure accurately in health studies is challenging, as several of the following study design domains should be addressed as adequately as possible. In this paper, we identify the domains Time, Space, Data Quality, Data Accessibility, economic considerations of Study Size, and Complex Mixtures. We present case studies for three approaches or technologies that address these domains differently in the context of exposure assessment of drinking water quality: regulated contaminants in monitoring databases, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based wide-scope chemical analysis, and effect-based bioassay methods. While none of these approaches address all the domains sufficiently, together they have the potential to carry out exposure assessments that would complement each other and could advance the state-of-science towards more accurate risk analysis. The aim of our study is to give researchers investigating health effects of drinking water quality the impetus to consider how their exposure assessments relate to the above-mentioned domains and whether it would be worthwhile to integrate the advanced technologies presented into planned risk analyses. We highly suggest this three-pronged approach should be further evaluated in health risk analyses, especially epidemiological studies concerning contaminants in drinking water. The state of the knowledge regarding potential benefits of these technologies, especially when applied in tandem, provides more than sufficient evidence to support future research to determine the implications of combining the approaches described in our case studies in terms of protection of public health.
|
|
| 34. |
- Marianne, Haug, 1996-, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) with lipid and lipoprotein profiles
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 33:5, s. 757-765
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are man-made chemicals with unique properties that are widely distributed in humans and the environment. Recent studies suggest that PFAS are involved in cholesterol metabolism, however, the mechanisms underlying the associations are poorly understood.OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate associations of plasma PFAS with detailed lipid and lipoprotein subfractions in an adult population of men and women.METHODS: We measured concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides in lipoprotein subfractions, apolipoprotein subclasses, as well as fatty acid and different phospholipid measures, using serum proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), and four plasma PFAS using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Measurements were available for 493 participants (all aged 50 years, 50% female). Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the association of four PFAS with 43 different 1H-NMR measures, with adjustment for body mass index (BMI), smoking, education, and physical activity.RESULTS: We found that perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), but not perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), concentrations were consistently positively associated with concentrations of cholesterol in lipoprotein subfractions, apolipoproteins, as well as composite fatty acid- and phospholipid profiles. The most consistent associations were found for the relationship of PFAS with total cholesterol in intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), across all low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions and small high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Moreover, we found weak to null evidence for an association of any of the measured 13 triglyceride lipoprotein subfractions with PFAS.CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that plasma PFAS concentrations are associated with cholesterol in small HDL, IDL and all LDL subfractions, as well as apolipoproteins and composite fatty acid and phospholipid profiles but to a lesser extent with triglycerides in lipoproteins. Our findings draw attention to the need for more detailed measurements of lipids across various lipoprotein subfractions and subclasses in assessing the role of PFAS in lipid metabolism.IMPACT: By performing an in-depth characterization of circulating cholesterol and triglycerides in lipoprotein subfractions, apolipoprotein, fatty acid, and phospholipid concentrations, this study has expanded upon the limited literature available on the associations of plasma PFAS concentrations beyond clinical routine laboratory testing for lipids.
|
|
| 35. |
- Navaranjan, Garthika, et al.
(författare)
-
Early life exposure to phthalates in the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) study : a multi-city birth cohort
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 30:1, s. 70-85
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Few studies have examined phthalate exposure during infancy and early life, critical windows of development. The Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) study, a population-based birth cohort, ascertained multiple exposures during early life. Objective To characterize exposure to phthalates during infancy and early childhood. Methods Environmental questionnaires were administered, and urine samples collected at 3, 12, and 36 months. In the first 1578 children, urine was analyzed for eight phthalate metabolites: mono-methyl phthalate (MMP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), and mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate (MCPP). Geometric mean (GM) concentrations were calculated by age, together with factors that may influence concentrations. Trends with age were examined using mixed models and differences within factors examined using ANOVA. Results The highest urinary concentration was for the metabolite MBP at all ages (GM: 15-32 ng/mL). Concentrations of all phthalate metabolites significantly increased with age ranging from GM: 0.5-15.1 ng/mL at 3 months and 1.9-32.1 ng/mL at 36 months. Concentrations of all metabolites were higher in the lowest income categories except for MEHP at 3 months, among children with any breastfeeding at 12 months, and in urine collected on dates with warmer outdoor temperatures (>17 degrees C), except for MBzP at 3 months and MEHP at 3 and 12 months. No consistent differences were found by gender, study site, or maternal age. Conclusions Higher phthalate metabolite concentrations were observed among children in lower income families. Examination of factors associated with income could inform interventions aimed to reduce infant phthalate exposure.
|
|
| 36. |
- Norén, Erika, et al.
(författare)
-
Concentrations and temporal trends in pesticide biomarkers in urine of Swedish adolescents, 2000–2017
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 30:4, s. 756-767
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agricultural pesticides are extensively used for weed- and pest control, resulting in residues of these compounds in food. The general population is mainly exposed through dietary intake. Exposure to certain pesticides has been associated with adverse human health outcomes. Our aim was to assess urinary concentrations and temporal trends in the biomarkers of commonly used pesticides. Samples were collected from adolescents (n = 1060) in Scania, Sweden, from 2000 to 2017. Concentrations of 14 pesticide biomarkers were analyzed in urine using LC–MS/MS. Temporal trends in biomarker concentrations (ln-transformed) were evaluated using linear regression. Biomarkers of pyrethroids (3-PBA and DCCA), chlorpyrifos (TCPy), chlormequat (CCC), thiabendazole (OH-TBZ), and mancozeb (ETU) were detected in >90% of the population all sampling years. The biomarkers CCC and TCPy had the highest median concentrations (>0.8 µg/L), whereas the biomarkers of cyfluthrin (4F-3-PBA) and two pyrethroids (CFCA) had the lowest median concentrations (<0.02 µg/L). Increasing temporal trends were found for the biomarkers 3-PBA (3.7%/year), TCPy (1.7%/year) and biomarkers of pyrimethanil (11.9%/year) and tebuconazole (12.2%/year). Decreasing trends were found for CCC (–5.5%/year), OH-TBZ (−5.5%/year), and ETU (−3.9%/year). Our results suggest that Swedish adolescents are commonly exposed to pesticides in low concentrations (median concentrations <3.88 µg/L).
|
|
| 37. |
- Orru, Hans, et al.
(författare)
-
Potential health impacts of changes in air pollution exposure associated with moving traffic into a road tunnel
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 25:5, s. 524-531
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A planned 21 km bypass (18 km within a tunnel) in Stockholm is expected to reduce ambient air exposure to traffic emissions, but same time tunnel users could be exposed to high concentrations of pollutants. For the health impacts calculations in 2030, the change in annual ambient NOX and PM10 exposure of the general population was modelled in 100 x 100 m(2) grids for Greater Stockholm area. The tunnel exposure was estimated based on calculated annual average NOX concentrations, time spent in tunnel and number of tunnel users. For the general population, we estimate annually 23.7 (95% Cl: 17.7-32.3) fewer premature deaths as ambient concentrations are reduced. At the same time, tunnel users will be exposed to NOX levels up to 2000 mu g/m(-3). Passing through the whole tunnel two times on working days would correspond to an additional annual NOX exposure of 9.6 mu g/m(3). Assuming that there will be similar to 55,000 vehicles daily each way and 1.3 persons of 30-74 years of age in each vehicle, we estimate the tunnel exposure to result in 20.6 (95% Cl: 14.1-25.6) premature deaths annually. If there were more persons per vehicle, or older and vulnerable people travelling, or tunnel dispersion conditions worsen, the adverse effect would become larger.
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
- Preece, Anna-Sofia, et al.
(författare)
-
Phthalate levels in indoor dust and associations to croup in the SELMA study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 30, s. 257-265
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phthalates are ubiquitous indoor pollutants which have been associated with child airway disease although results are inconclusive. This study examined associations between phthalate levels in residential indoor dust and croup during infancy. Settled indoor dust was collected in 482 homes of 6-month-old infants in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy (SELMA) study and analysed for seven phthalates and one phthalate replacement using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The incidence of parental reported croup at 12 months was 6.4% for girls and 13.4% for boys. Associations between phthalate dust levels and croup were analysed by logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders. We found significant associations between di-ethyl phthalate (DEP) and di-ethyl-hexyl phthalate (DEHP) in residential dust and parental reported croup (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.08-2.73 and 2.07; 1.00-4.30, respectively). Stratified results for boys showed significant associations between DEP and butyl-benzyl phthalate (BBzP) in dust and infant croup (aOR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.04-3.34 and 2.02; 1.04-3.90, respectively). Results for girls had questionable statistical power due to few cases. Our results suggest that exposure to phthalates in dust is a risk factor for airway inflammatory responses in infant children.
|
|
| 40. |
- Preece, Anna-Sofia, et al.
(författare)
-
Prenatal phthalate exposure and early childhood wheeze in the SELMA study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Springer Nature. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 32:2, s. 303-311
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Prenatal maternal phthalate exposure has been associated with wheeze and asthma in children, but results are inconclusive. Previous studies typically assessed exposure in late pregnancy, included only a small number of old phthalates, and assessed outcomes in children aged 5 years or older. Objective We explored associations between 1st trimester prenatal maternal exposure to a wider range of phthalates and wheeze in early childhood. Methods First trimester concentrations of 14 metabolites from 8 phthalates and one alternative plasticizer were quantified in first-morning void urine from 1148 mothers in the Swedish SELMA study. Associations between log-transformed metabolite concentrations and parental reported ever wheeze among 24-month-old children were investigated with logistic regression models adjusted for parental asthma/rhinitis, sex of child, maternal education, smoking, and creatinine. Results Metabolites of replacement phthalates di-iso-decyl phthalate (DiDP) and di-2-propylheptyl phthalate (DPHP) were associated with increased risk for wheeze (aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.08-2.01 and aOR 1.49, 95% CI 1.04-2.15, respectively). The associations with DiDP and DPHP were stronger among children whose parents did not have asthma or rhinitis. In this group, wheeze was also associated with metabolites of butyl-benzyl phthalate (BBzP) and di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DiNP). Significance Maternal phthalate exposure during early pregnancy may be a risk factor for wheeze in early childhood, especially among children whose parents do not have asthma or rhinitis symptoms.
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
- Rydbeck, Filip, et al.
(författare)
-
Urinary iodine concentrations of pregnant women in rural Bangladesh : A longitudinal study
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 24:5, s. 504-509
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iodine is an essential dietary element required for normal fetal growth and development. We aimed to explore intraindividual and interindividual variations in iodine intake in pregnant women and whether non-dietary factors might influence the intake. Iodine intake was assessed in 271 women, residing in Matlab, rural Bangladesh, by measuring their urinary iodine concentration (UIC) at gestational week (GW) 8, 14, 19, and 30 with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The women's UIC increased significantly during pregnancy (median 241 (GW8) and 300 μg/l (GW30)). About 6% of the women had insufficient iodine intake (UIC<150 μg/l) and 10% had excessive iodine intake (UIC≥500 μg/l) at all of their four sampling occasions. The women's UIC were dependent on their education, socio-economic status, and BMI, as well as the season of sampling and iodine concentrations in drinking water. Supplementation with a multi-micronutrient capsule, including 150 μg potassium iodine, increased the UIC in women with the lowest UIC (10th percentile) at GW30 but decreased the UIC in women with the highest UIC (90th percentile) at GW30. In conclusion, median UIC throughout pregnancy indicated adequate intake of iodine among pregnant women in Matlab, but, notably, consistently insufficient and excessive intake was also prevalent.
|
|
| 44. |
- Salihovic, Samira, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Identification of metabolic profiles associated with human exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 29:2, s. 196-205
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent epidemiological studies suggest that human exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) may be associated with type 2 diabetes and other metabolic phenotypes. To gain further insights regarding PFASs exposure in humans, we here aimed to characterize the associations between different PFASs and the metabolome. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated 965 individuals from Sweden (all aged 70 years, 50% women) sampled in 2001-2004. PFASs were analyzed in plasma using isotope-dilution ultra-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Non-target metabolomics profiling was performed in plasma using UPLC coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOFMS) operated in positive electrospray mode. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to investigate associations between circulating levels of PFASs and metabolites. In total, 15 metabolites, predominantly from lipid pathways, were associated with levels of PFASs following adjustment for sex, smoking, exercise habits, education, energy, and alcohol intake, after correction for multiple testing. Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) were strongly associated with multiple glycerophosphocholines and fatty acids including docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). We also found that the different PFASs evaluated were associated with distinctive metabolic profiles, suggesting potentially different biochemical pathways in humans.
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
- Shu, Huan, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Temporal Trends of Phthalate Exposures during 2007-2010 in Swedish Pregnant Women
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 28, s. 437-447
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The general population is exposed to phthalates, a group of chemicals with strong evidence for endocrine disrupting properties, commonly used in a large number of consumer products. Based on published research and evidence compiled by environmental agencies, certain phthalate applications and products have become restricted, leading to an increasing number of “new generation compounds” coming onto the market during recent years replacing older phthalates. Some examples of such newer compounds are di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DiNP), di-iso-decyl phthalate (DiDP), and most recently di-isononyl-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DiNCH).Objectives: In order to evaluate temporal trends in phthalate exposure, first trimester urinary biomarkers of phthalates were measured in the Swedish SELMA study over a period of 2.5 years (2007–2010).Methods: We collected first morning void urine samples around week 10 of pregnancy from 1651 pregnant women. Spot samples were analyzed for 13 phthalate metabolites and one phthalate replacement and least square geometric mean (LSGM) levels of the metabolites were compared between the sampling years when adjusted for potential confounders.Results: All 14 metabolites were detectable in more than 99% of the SELMA subjects. The levels were generally comparable to other studies, but the SELMA subjects showed slightly higher exposure to butyl-benzyl phthalate (BBzP) and di-butyl phthalate (DBP). Di-ethyl-hexyl phthalate (DEHP) metabolites levels decreased while DiNP, DiDP/di-2-propylheptyl phthalate (DPHP), and DiNCH metabolites levels increased during the sampling period.Conclusions: Urinary metabolite levels of the older phthalates and more recently introduced phthalate replacement compound changed during the short sampling period in this Swedish pregnancy cohort. Our results indicate that replacement of phthalates can make an impact on human exposure to these chemicals. During this particularly vulnerable stage of life, phthalate exposures are of particular concern as the impacts, though not immediately noticeable, may increase the risk for health effects later in life.
|
|
| 47. |
- Sommar, Johan Nilsson, et al.
(författare)
-
Investigation of lead concentrations in whole blood, plasma and urine as biomarkers for biological monitoring of lead exposure
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-064X .- 1559-0631. ; 24:1, s. 51-57
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lead in blood is a major concept in biomonitoring of exposure but investigations of its alternatives are scarce. The aim of the study was to describe different lead biomarkers' variances, day-to-day and between individuals, estimating their fraction of the total variance. Repeated sampling of whole blood, plasma and urine were conducted for 48 lead-exposed men and 20 individuals under normal environmental lead exposure, in total 603 measurements. For lead workers, the fraction of the total variance attributed to differences between individuals was 91% for whole-blood lead (geometric mean 227 mg/l; geometric standard deviation (GSD): 1.55 mg/l); plasma 78% (0.57 mg/l; GSD: 1.84 mg/l); density-adjusted urine 82%; and unadjusted urine 75% (23.7 mg/l; GSD: 2.48 mg/l). For the individuals under normal lead exposure, the corresponding fractions were 95% of the total variance for whole blood (20.7 mg/l; GSD: 8.6 mg/l), 15% for plasma (0.09 mg/l; GSD: 0.04 mg/l), 87% for creatinine-adjusted urine and 34% for unadjusted (10.8 mg/l; GSD: 6.7 mg/l). Lead concentration in whole blood is the biomarker with the best ability to discriminate between individuals with different mean concentration. Urinary and plasma lead also performed acceptably in lead workers, but at low exposures plasma lead was too imprecise. Urinary adjustments appear not to increase the between-individual fraction of the total variance among lead workers but among those with normal lead exposure.
|
|
| 48. |
- Takaro, Tim K., et al.
(författare)
-
The Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) birth cohort study : assessment of environmental exposures
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - New York : Nature Publishing Group. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 25:6, s. 580-592
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development birth cohort was designed to elucidate interactions between environment and genetics underlying development of asthma and allergy. Over 3600 pregnant mothers were recruited from the general population in four provinces with diverse environments. The child is followed to age 5 years, with prospective characterization of diverse exposures during this critical period. Key exposure domains include indoor and outdoor air pollutants, inhalation, ingestion and dermal uptake of chemicals, mold, dampness, biological allergens, pets and pests, housing structure, and living behavior, together with infections, nutrition, psychosocial environment, and medications. Assessments of early life exposures are focused on those linked to inflammatory responses driven by the acquired and innate immune systems. Mothers complete extensive environmental questionnaires including time-activity behavior at recruitment and when the child is 3, 6, 12, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 60 months old. House dust collected during a thorough home assessment at 3-4 months, and biological specimens obtained for multiple exposure-related measurements, are archived for analyses. Geo-locations of homes and daycares and land-use regression for estimating traffic-related air pollution complement time-activity-behavior data to provide comprehensive individual exposure profiles. Several analytical frameworks are proposed to address the many interacting exposure variables and potential issues of co-linearity in this complex data set.
|
|
| 49. |
- Venugopal, Vidhya, et al.
(författare)
-
Epidemiological evidence from south Indian working population-the heat exposures and health linkage
- 2021
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 31:1, s. 177-186
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changing climate and rising temperatures are predicted to affect millions of workers due to heat stress risks, especially in tropical settings. We used a cross-sectional study design to profile the heat exposures of similar to 1500 workers from eight-industrial sectors using a QuesTemp wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) monitor, quantified the heat-strain indicators viz., rise in Core Body Temperature (CBT), Sweat Rate (SwR), and Urine Specific Gravity (USG) by standard methods and evaluated the health impacts of heat stress using a structured questionnaire. Heat exposures (Avg.WBGT: 28.4 +/- 2.6 degrees C) exceeded the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) for 70% of workers and was significantly associated with the rise in CBT >1 degrees C in 11.3% and elevated USG >1.020 in 10.5% of the workers. The heat-exposed workers had 2.3 times higher odds of reporting adverse health outcomes (84%) compared to the unexposed workers (95% CI: 1.74-3.19;pvalue <= 0.0001). Mild reduction in kidney function observed in 49% of salt - pan workers, and a high prevalence of kidney stones (33%) among the 91 steelworkers subjected to kidney ultrasound had a significant association with chronic high WBGT exposure above the TLV (pvalue < 0.034). Further, in-depth assessments are warranted to develop strategies for interventions and protective labor policies to avert adverse occupational health and productivity consequences for millions of workers globally, especially in the rising temperature scenario.
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
