| 1. |
- Bergkvist, Linda, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluate Motivational Factors Involved at Different Stages in an IS Outsourcing Decision Process
- 2007
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - : Academic Conferences and Publishing Internatinal. - 1566-6379. ; 9:1, s. 22-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluates factors involved at different stages in an IS outsourcing decision process. From a theoretical perspective, the motivation for IS outsourcing is often described as a result of three factors: cost reduction, access to technological expertise and focus on core competence. The aim of this paper is to evaluate motivational factors in an outsourcing decision process. The study uses a literature review and a retrospective case study of an outsourcing project in a large Swedish organization. The idea is to evaluate if there are different factors involved at different stages in an IS outsourcing decision process. It has been found that the cost perspective is often used as a way of motivating the start of the process as well as the result of the process. However, during different stages other factors are involved. The results, based upon the case study, show that the size and reputation of the provider as well as thoughts about the providers ability to deliver required capability is more important than cost reduction. It can be argued that the impact of IS outsourcing on performance and value of an organizations IS function can be both positive and negative. To minimize the odds of a negative result, this paper contributes with an evaluation of motivational factors involved at different stages in an IS outsourcing decision process. If they are duly addressed, the chances of a successful IS outsourcing process will improve significantly
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the Information Systems Research Framework : Empirical Evidence from a Design Science Research Project
- 2016
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - 1566-6379. ; 19:3, s. 157-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical evidence that the design science framework Information System Research (ISR) works in practice. More than ten years has passed since ISR was published in the well-cited article ‘Design Science in Information Systems Research’. However, there is no thoroughly documented evaluation of ISR based on primary data. That is, existing evaluations are based on reconstructions of prior studies conducted for other purposes. To use an existing data set to answer new or extended research questions means to conduct a secondary analysis. We point to several risks related to secondary analyses and claim that popular design science research frameworks should be based on primary data. In this paper, we present an evaluation consisting of empirical experiences based on primary data. We have systematically collected experiences from a three-year research project and we present ting of both strengths and weaknesses are presented. The main strengths are: the bridging of the contextual environment with the design science activities and the rigorousness of testing IT artefacts. The main weaknesses are: imbalance in support for making contributions to both theory and practice, and ambiguity concerning the practitioners’ role in design and evaluation of artefacts. We claim that the identified weaknesses can be used for further development of frameworks or methods concerning design science research.
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| 4. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Strategies for Information Systems Evaluation : Six Generic Types
- 2003
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - : Academic Conferences and Publishing Internatinal Ltd.. - 1566-6379. ; 6:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to contribute to the decision of how to perform evaluation depending on the evaluation context. Three general strategies of how to perform evaluation are identified: Goal-free evaluation, goal-based and criteria-based evaluation. Two general strategies of what to evaluate are identified: IT-system as such and IT-system in use. From the three “how-strategies” and the two “what-strategies” we derive a matrix consisting of six generic types of evaluation. Each one of the six types are categorised on a ideal typical level. For each type there is suggested evaluation process model.
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| 5. |
- Fryk, Pontus
(författare)
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Reward Systems in the Post Digitization era : Possible Benefits and Risks
- 2009
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - 1566-6379. ; 12:1, s. 51-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The last decades have been characterized by extremely intense digitization. Large companies and organizations worldwide have made significant investments in administrative and embedded IT together with advanced Internet solutions. Today, however, most establishments are already highly digitized, which affects the conditions for work and organizations’ forms and functions. Thus, based on an empirical investigation of the health care sector, this paper addresses the notion of the post digitization era through specifically examining IT-based reward systems. This, of course, is not a novel phenomenon – but new ways of using the reward system concept, together with IT and original ideas, in order to increase efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity, are considered. This, in turn, might have great implications concerning core strategies and the organization of work. In order to fulfill the paper’s purpose of identifying possible benefits and risks associated with digital reward systems – especially in health care – a case study built on semi-structured interviews was performed. The findings of this study indicate that there are several possible fields of innovative application – including both developments of existing solutions and potential future utilizations – with regard to digital reward systems in health care. Moreover, in order for reward system implementations to be successful – organizations have to define, measure, valuate and evaluate input/outputand performance appropriately. The process of doing so is also affected by the present stage of digitization. This too is contemplated throughout the paper. Finally, important associated matters such as risk-reward trade-offs and quantity versus quality are discussed. The results presented in this paper are based on a limited material. Still, they are valuable and original because of the empirical foundation derived from an important industry/sector. Furthermore, they illustrate modern implications of reward systems in highly digitized contexts and put forth novel views on possible fields of application of IT-based reward systems, with associated potential benefits and risks.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Management of Information Systems Outsourcing : Evaluation of Lessons Learned from a Boundary Spanning Perspective
- 2012
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - Reading, UK : Academic Publishing International. - 1566-6379. ; 15:1, s. 63-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Even if outsourcing is a well-researched phenomenon, it can be stated that evaluation studies on IS outsourcing relationships are scarce. From a description of two IS outsourcing relationship cases, a set of lessons learned are presented. A boundary spanning perspective is then used when evaluating these lessons learned in the client-supplier outsourcing relationships and thereby adding a “new” theoretical perspective on outsourcing relationships. The evaluation is concluded in a set of propositions that present the boundary spanning perspective of the lessons learned. The aim of these propositions is to act as both a guiding tool for how to further develop boundary spanning roles in outsourcing relationships and to act as a base for future research on outsourcing relationships.
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| 8. |
- Jokela, Päivi, et al.
(författare)
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Theory, method and tools for evaluation using a systems-based approach
- 2008
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - 1566-6379. ; 11:3, s. 197-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work introduces an evaluation model for examining organisations that in one form or another depend on modern information technology for their core activities. The evaluation model, named SUV, is based on a systems science approach and has been developed at the eHealth Institute (eHälsoinstitutet) at the University of Kalmar.The central mechanism of the model, the SUV diagram, partitions the scope of evaluation into seven categories and three levels. The seven categories have been selected on a systems science basis with inspiration from systems thinking. The rationale for making this the starting point for the evaluation model is that it may be justifiably stated that the framework provided by systems thinking truly encompasses the breadth of human activity. Making use of this general framework, the SUV diagram provides a general roadmap to guide the evaluation effort. The three levels (organisation, technological and individual) were selected to add detail to the analysis complement the categories and enrich the analysis of each category as well as to the dynamic interplay among them.The SUV methodology is based on a continuous evaluation process whose driving-force is the wish of the interested parties to develop their own activities. It is a methodology within whose framework any and all methods for data gathering deemed appropriate for the evaluation at hand can be used. The use of multiple methods is explicitly encouraged for the purpose of gaining a multi-perspective view of the organisation/activity under scrutiny.Based on the accumulated findings from pilot studies, the model was operationalised in the form of an IT application for electronic surveys. The application is expected to contribute in making the evaluation process more efficient and add structure to this process.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Kajtazi, Miranda, et al.
(författare)
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Information Inadequacy : Some Causes of Failures in Human and Social Affairs
- 2011
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - Reading, UK : Academic Publishing Limited. - 1566-6379. - 9781906638733 ; 14:1, s. 63-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper takes initial steps in facilitating researchers and practitioners to increase the relevance of information for their contexts. Our focus is on forging new possibilities to understand and improve the contemporary dilemma of information inadequacy. We define information inadequacy as vulnerable and inadequate information, composed by the dichotomy of information lack and/or of information overflow, which impose complexities and unexpected behaviour in human and social affairs. By exploring the lack of needed information in human and social affairs, we conducted an inquiry of different empirical and research objects that relate to information inadequacy (for example, empirical situations, theories, or other theoretically and practically based artifacts). The question that emerges then is: How to secure that the needed information is provided to the recipient at the right time, reducing the cause of unpredictable failures and fatalities in our global society? To answer this question, our paper presents initial guiding with a systematic approach that focuses on evaluating and further improving research and practice for information relevance. The empirical cases are mostly based on situations, such as: the financial failures of the Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy 2008, and the Enron bankruptcy 2001; or the disasters of the Space Shuttle Columbia 2003, and Space Shuttle Challenger 1986. The analyses are examined using theories of information behaviour that influence communication processes, from where two or more different actors are necessary to engage in activities of information exchange. The results include the identification of four information exchange patterns: influenced, intentional, hindered, unawares. Furthermore, we discuss implications of the model for practices with information. The paper concludes by challenging the role of information inadequacy in all economic, social and political affairs that remains problematic.
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| 11. |
- Kajtazi, Miranda, et al.
(författare)
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Information Inadequacy : Some causes of Failures in Human and Social Affairs
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - : Academic Conferences Limited. - 1566-6379. ; 14:1, s. 63-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we develop a conceptual model for understanding human‑related information practices and their behavioural activities. Our focus is on forging new possibilities to explore and improve the contemporary dilemma when human activities fail due to the lack of the needed information, which is here understood as information inadequacy. More precisely, information inadequacy is defined as vulnerable and inadequate information, composed by the dichotomy of information lack and/or of information overflow, which imposes complexities and unexpected behaviour on human, social and industrial affairs. By exploring the lack of needed information in human, social and industrial affairs, we conducted an inquiry into different empirical situations manifesting information inadequacy, subsequently examining the various theoretical bodies that relate to information inadequacy. The key question was: Which theories may explicate the key human behavioural patterns that cause information inadequacy? To answer this question, our paper presents initial guidance with a systematic approach that focuses on evaluating and further improving research and practice in terms of information relevance. The empirical cases are largely based on major human, social and industrial dysfunctions: the Lehman Brothers' bankruptcy 2008, and the Enron bankruptcy 2001, the disasters of the Columbia space shuttle in 2003, and the Challenger in 1986. The analyses are examined through theories of information behaviour that influence communication processes where two or more different actors are required to engage in activities of communicating information. The results include the identification of four information exchange patterns: influenced, intentional, hindered, and unaware. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of the model for practice with information. The paper concludes by reviewing the role of information inadequacy in economic, social and political contexts that remain challenging.
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| 12. |
- Lagsten, Jenny
(författare)
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Evaluating information systems according to stakeholders : a pragmatic perspective and method
- 2011
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - : Academic Conferences Limited. - 1566-6379. ; 14:1, s. 73-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last decade several researchers have addressed the problem that there does not seem to be much evidence of extensive use of interpretive evaluation approaches in practice. Researchers have though recognized the interpretive evaluation approach as well founded academically and theoretically offering potential advantages such as stakeholder commitment and learning opportunities. One reason for this non-use could be that there are few, if any, interpretive evaluation methods ready at hand for evaluators in practice. An interpretive IS evaluation method means a method in support for doing evaluation as interpretation. This research presents a practical method for doing evaluation of information systems as a joint act of interpretation performed by the stakeholders of the information system in use. In our research we have expanded the interpretive philosophical base to embrace a pragmatic knowledge interest in order to underpin the overall strive for evaluation that is to contribute to change and betterment. The method presented is named VISU (Swedish acronym for IS evaluation for workpractice development). The process of evaluating accordingly to the VISU method has been extensively tested in practice and in theoretical grounding processes and is now considered ready for wider use. The research process for developing VISU has been conducted with canonical action research through parallel work with evaluation and method development in six episodes within two cases. VISU consists of prescribed actions that are anchored in a set of underlying principles stemming from the philosophy of American pragmatism. Evaluation according to VISU is performed in three phases; arrange, evaluate and develop. In the paper VISU is described according to phases, actions, main concepts and principles. The use of VISU is demonstrated through examples from a performed evaluation of an information system in support for social welfare services.
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| 13. |
- Lagsten, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Interpretative IS Evaluation : Results and Uses
- 2008
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - 1566-6379. ; 11:2, s. 97-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One major reason for doing evaluations of information systems is to take actions based on the results of the evaluation. In order to make better use of interpretive evaluation processes in practice we need to understand what kinds of results such evaluations produce and the way that the results are used to be transformed into change and betterment in the organisation. We have developed, applied and studied a methodology in support for doing interpretive evaluation. In the paper we report the case of a performed action research study that has comprised an IS evaluation. Through this action research we have transformed the theoretical principles of the interpretive approach into a useful evaluation methodology in practice. The main emphasis in this study is on the results and the uses of the evaluation process. We make a brief theoretical overview of interpretive principles for IS evaluation and of the research on evaluation use, from the field of evaluation theory, and represent a framework for analysing influences from evaluation efforts. We use this framework to analyse and identify the results and uses of the performed evaluation in order to shed light on what kinds of results that interpretive evaluation may offer. We experienced the influence framework useful for locating and understanding the variety of results from interpretive evaluation processes. We conclude with a model depicting results and uses from interpretive IS evaluation processes. The main point we elaborate on in this paper is how evaluations influence the actions taken in the organisation in order to establish betterment. How people in the organisation use evaluation in order to establish betterment and change. Further we bounce back the insights on evaluation results and uses into the discussion on how to design interpretive evaluation processes and how to design evaluation methodology in support for those processes.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Magoulas, Thanos, 1938, et al.
(författare)
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Alignment in Enterprise Architecture: Investigating the aspects of alignment in architectural approaches
- 2012
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - 1566-6379. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As modern organizations struggle with the complexity and dynamicity of their business environments, they increasingly turn to Enterprise Architecture as a means to organize their capabilities. However, adopting Enterprise Architecture is hardly a straightforward matter as the practical guidance available is plagued by disparity in nomenclature as well as content. The purpose of this paper is to take a first step in remedying the dearth of rational appraisal of approaches to Enterprise Architecture by closer examining a handful of guides and frameworks. Our ultimate aim in this paper is to provide knowledge about the various dimensions of enterprise architectures that demand alignment between its constitutionals parts. Therefore the efforts of our study were focused on elucidating the following issue: How are the various forms and aspects of architectural alignment treated by the investigated approaches to Enterprise Architecture? Due to the lack of commonalities between the assorted approaches, an independent metric is required. We therefore utilize the concept of alignment and analyze how the various forms and aspects of architectural alignment are treated by formalized approaches to Enterprise Architecture. This methodology was applied to the Zachman Framework, The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF), the Extended Enterprise Architecture Framework (E2AF) and the Generalised Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodology (GERAM). Our investigation clearly demonstrates that: 1) Approaches to Enterprise Architecture provide guidance for structural and functional alignment, but not for infological or socio-cultural alignment. 2) The area of contextual alignment is described in a simplistic manner. 3) None of the investigated approaches discuss the mutual interdependence that exists between the various forms of alignment. Our work serves to further the understanding of multi-dimensionality of Enterprise Architecture in general and architectural alignment in particular.
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| 16. |
- Mihailescu, Daniela, et al.
(författare)
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A Framework for Evaluating Enterprise Systems Implementation Methodologies in Action
- 2007
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - 1566-6379. ; 10:1, s. 83-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enterprise Systems (ES) are often the largest and most important Information Systems (IS) an organisation employs. Most ES are rented or bought as COTS (Commercial Off The Shelf) software. The use of COTS leads to a distinction between the development of the ES software—done by ES software providers, like SAP and Microsoft—and the implementation of ES software in a specific organisation. Implementation of ES are often associated with problems like higher implementation cost and longer implementation process than anticipated. To improve ES implementation, ES providers increasingly support their ES software by, in part computer-based, implementation methodologies. The paper present an ES implementation evaluation framework called ES Implementation Methodology-in-Action. The framework integrates two complementary views: 1) a technology view, focusing on the formalised aspects as expressed in the ES implementation methodology (the content of the methodology), and 2) a structural view, focusing situational aspects as expressed by the implementers (the users of the implementation methodology) including implementers, implementation context, ES software and other individuals participating in the implementation project. Using document studies and interviews with implementers we show how the framework can be used to evaluate ES implementation methodologies. We evaluate one well-known ES implementation methodology: SAP’s ASAP.
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| 17. |
- Mihailescu, Daniela, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating Enterprise Systems Implementation Methodologies in Action : Focusing Formalized and Situational Aspects
- 2007
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - 1566-6379. ; 10:1, s. 83-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enterprise Systems (ES) are often the largest and most important Information Systems (IS) an organization employs. Most ES are rented or bought as COTS (Commercial Off The Shelf) software. The use of COTS leads to a distinction between the development of the ES software—done by ES software providers, like SAP and Microsoft—and the implementation of ES software in a specific organization. ES implementations are often associated with problems like more costly to implement than anticipated and taking much longer to implement than anticipated. To improve ES implementation, ES providers increasingly support their ES software by, in part computer-based, implementation methodologies. The paper present an ES implementation evaluation framework called ES Implementation Methodology-in-Action. The framework integrates two complementary views: 1) a technology view, focusing on the formalized aspects as expressed in the ES implementation methodology (the content of the methodology), and 2) a structural view, focusing situational aspects as expressed by the implementers (the users of the implementation methodology) including implementers, implementation context, ES software and other individuals participating in the implementation project. Using document studies and interviews with implementers we show how the framework can be used to evaluate ES implementation methodologies. We evaluate one well-known ES implementation methodology: SAP’s ASAP.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Mihailescu, Marius, et al.
(författare)
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The Conditions of Complex Innovation Adoption Occurrence — A Critical Realist Perspective
- 2013
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - 1566-6379. ; 16:3, s. 220-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: The adoption of innovation is a multifaceted and dynamic phenomenon. It occurs as a result of the interplay between structural influences and agents’ activities. Although existing studies on innovation have recognised the importance of theories that link the structure, the macro level, and agency, the micro level, in explaining changes over time, few theoretical accounts support the integrations of multiple levels of analysis. The purpose of this paper is to develop an explanatory framework based on a realist social theory and underpinned by a critical realist perspective, with the intention of describing and explaining IS/IT adoption occurrences. The potential of the framework is empirically illustrated with a case study that examines the adoption of one Enterprise Systems Implementation Methodology by implementers in an implementation context. Our qualitative study provides explanatory insights and a rich description of a particular type of complex innovation. Four theoretically and empirically grounded modes of adopting an implementation methodology are identified: fragmented, aggregated, integrated and infrastructural. Using the framework allow us to achieve four things. First, the framework will support the researchers in identifying particular configurations and the pattern of events caused by them. Second, it will take into account the embeddedness of innovations that have occurred within broader structural configurations. Third, it will allow the researchers to distinguish the different stances agents might adopt toward particular innovations and structural configurations. Fourth, the researchers will be able to identify variations that have occurred in the adoption of innovations. This study offers a foundation for future work that may contribute to a more coherent view on complex innovations and insights into their potential adoption; as such, the findings presented here can provide guidance for practitioners who seek to adopt complex IS/IT innovations.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Mirijamdotter, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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An interactive and iterative evaluation approach for creating collaborative learning environments
- 2006
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - 1566-6379. ; 9:2, s. 83-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inspired by a three-year Creative University ‘arena' initiative at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden, an international team of faculty researchers conducted an exploratory study in 2005, which aimed to investigate the efficacy of an interactive design and evaluation process for technology-enabled collaborative learning environments. This applied research approach was designed as a collaborative evaluation process for co-creation of technology-enabled, learningfocused physical and virtual ‘learning commons.' Faculty researchers from Sweden and the United States used Soft Systems Methodology tools, including the Process for Organisational Meanings (POM) model, to guide sixty-two students' participatory co-design and evaluation activities. In this paper, the POM evaluation model is explained and related to the Japanese concept Ba. Application of the models is illustrated within the context of student learning through boundary crossing information exchange and knowledge creation. As evidenced in their iterative and interactive evaluative recommendations, students' learning outcomes included development of improved capabilities for identifying socio-technical elements of distributed learning environments, suggesting that student beneficiaries can successfully reflect upon their experiences and provide valuable evaluation insights. In addition, when this evaluation is iterative, students' insights into project management, software needs, and services design can improve their technology-enabled learning experiences. Concluding comments explore the efficacy of the POM model implementation for guiding other learning-focused, user-centric initiatives, which aim to promote interdisciplinary, or boundary crossing, exchanges concurrent with advancing team-based knowledge creation proficiencies among project participants.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Myreteg, Gunilla, 1968-
(författare)
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Organizational Learning and ERP systems in the post-implementation phase : Where do we stand? A literature review
- 2015
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - : Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited. - 1566-6379. ; 18:2, s. 119-128
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- ERP systems are today implemented in a great number of organizations. Research has invested much energy and time to make descriptions and recommendations regarding how the implementation should best be managed. The next step in practice as well as in research is how to continue to develop the business processes and ERP systems in order to take advantage of all their promises, and to refine how ERP systems are used in day-to-day activities. A starting point for the present study is that organizations today are characterized by strong external and internal pressure. In order to response to and deal with these, organizations strive to balance demands regarding stability and change. This implies that organizations put effort into designing and maintaining or changing practices, rules and routines. Within the general fields of organization theory and management accounting/control the ambition to create deliberate change is often conceptualized as processes of organizational learning (OL). This concept has also been used in the context of ERP systems. The research field is however heterogeneous and findings are scattered and inconsistent. There is a need for further development of our knowledge about the role of ERP systems in processes of organizational learning after the implementation phase. The present paper strives to consolidate and synthesize the current knowledge. The research question is to what extent and how do research conceptualize organizational learning and its interactions and involvement with the ERP system? The paper is a literature review of research on OL in the context of ERP systems in the post-implementation phase between the years 2005-2015. A total number of 18 research articles were identified. The aim is to analyze and classify previous research, and also to give suggestions for avenues suitable and fruitful for future research. The review compares and contrasts approaches in order to analyze similarities and dissimilarities and to investigate what topics or issues have been addressed by previous research. The analysis shows that overall there is a lack of definitions and stringency in research on OL in an ERP systems context in the post-implementation phase. The final section also forwards some suggestions for future research.
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| 24. |
- Mårtensson, Nils, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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New determination of the core-level life-time broadenings in mercury
- 2015
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - Elsevier : Elsevier BV. - 1566-6379. ; 202, s. 33-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previously recorded and published photoelectron spectroscopic data for mercury in the gas phase has been reanalyzed. The life-time broadenings have been determined for a large number of core levels. It is then seen that a recent detailed derivation of core-level line-widths based on X-ray emission spectroscopy give life-time widths that are generally too large. The 4d(3/2)4d(5/2)nd Coster-Kronig (CM) transition is also discussed. We find that the additional broadening Of the 4d(3/2) level for mercury metal is indeed due to a CM decay, in contrast to recent claims. In atomic mercury, however, the CM process in energetically forbidden. In spite of this we find that the 4d(3/2) level is broadened also in this case. We propose that this is due to a mixing between the 4d(3/2) hole state and discrete 4d(5/2)nd states.
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| 25. |
- Rocha Flores, Waldo, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing Future Value of Investments in Security-Related IT Governance Control Objectives : Surveying IT Professionals
- 2011
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - 1566-6379. ; 14:2, s. 216-227
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimizing investments in IT governance towards a better information security is an understudied topic in the academic literature. Further, collecting empirical evidence by surveying IT professionals on their relative opinion in this matter has not yet been explored to its full potential. This paper has tried to somewhat overcome this gap by surveying IT professionals on the expected future value from investments in security-related IT governance control objectives. The paper has further investigated if there are any control objectives that provide more value than others and are therefore more beneficial to invest in. The Net Present Value (NPV) technique has been used to assess the IT professional’s relative opinion on the generated future value of investments in 19 control objectives. The empirical data was collected through a survey distributed to professionals from the IT security, governance and/or assurance domain and analyzed using standard statistical tools. The results indicate that the vast majority of investments in control objectives is expected to yield a positive NPV, and are beneficial to an organization. This result implies that investments in control objectives are expected to generate future value for a firm, which is an important finding since many of the benefits from an investment are indirectly related and may occur well into the future. The paper moreover contributes in strengthening the link between IT governance and information security.
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| 26. |
- Salminen-Karlsson, Minna, 1957-
(författare)
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Enabling Virtual Communities of Practice : A Case‑study of Swedish‑Indian collaboration in IT development
- 2014
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - Reading, UK : Academic Publishing International. - 1566-6379. ; 17:1, s. 60-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper uses the ‘communities of practice’ and ‘situated learning’ (Wenger, 1998) approach to understand what kind of prerequisites need to be in place for an on-site team of ‘old-timers’ to be willing to integrate offshore ‘newcomers’, and what kind of problems can be encountered in this process. The study is based on 103 interviews undertaken in a multinational company where offshoring of qualified IT work from Sweden to India is done in virtual teams. Most research on IT offshoring has been conducted on US–Indian and UK–Indian cooperations, this study complements this existing research by exploring IT offshoring in the context of the less hierarchical and more consensus-oriented Swedish organizational culture. A community of practice cannot be created, but needs to evolve, and this only happens when old-timers accept newcomers as members of the community. In offshoring relations this is often disturbed by the resistance of the onshore employees to offshoring as a phenomenon.The life of the community of practice evolves through two processes: participation and reification. Reification in the form of documents is crucial in all outsourcing processes. This study is interested in the conditions necessary for participation, which are recognized as being more difficult to achieve in virtual teams. In particular, in such teams, access to and use of communication technology is crucial for enabling the participation of all members of the team. Cultural differences can appear in different modes of participation, and these have to be reconciled, while language problems can obstruct participation, especially among members who do not have English as their native language. The possibility of some, but not all, team members having access to the customer may cause status differences which can hamper the community building.The evidence from some of the teams in the case study company, however, shows that, given a certain organizational culture, these problems can to a large degree be overcome.
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| 27. |
- Sällberg, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Bronze, silver, and gold: Effective membership design in customer rewards programs
- 2009
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - 1566-6379. ; 12:1, s. 59-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many companies use rewards programs to create so called “loyal” customers. Information Technology (IT) has made it possible to design such incentive programs in principle with endless variations at a low cost. It means that the company can, with the use of IT, offer non-linear incentives that create “loyal” customers more effectively than linear ones. Internet has also reduced the cost for the customer to search and compare products and services like air flights, hotels etc. In such a competitive context, the company can use the programs to gain an advantage with a differentiated offer to the customer and to create lock-in effects still at a low IT cost. Field observations show surprisingly that programs look very much alike and do not present as much variation as could be expected. Of special interest in this paper is the fact that companies typically offer three, or less, membership levels to increase the incentive for the customer to spend money at the company. These three levels come in different versions like, for example, “Bronze”, “Silver” and “Gold” or with similar labels. The reward to the customer is generally associated and accelerated with membership level. In this paper, we analyze the consequences of using membership levels as a way to create both competitive differentiation and effective customer incentives. We suggest a model for understanding how the consumer decides on spending at a company that offers a reward program with different membership levels. The decision setting for the customer is described as a risky contract with a risky time-state-contingent claim. The contract is risky since the terms and conditions for membership can be altered by the company, without any legal penalties. The claim is risky since it is uncertain to the customer whether the state required for the membership will be achieved. We show with the help of this model that the present use of a small number of membership levels could be questioned as the most effective incentive mechanism.
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| 28. |
- Tona, Olgerta, et al.
(författare)
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Information System Evaluation through an Emergence Lens
- 2012
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - 1566-6379. ; 16:1, s. 37-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development and expansion of evaluation theory and practice is at the core of several different disciplines. There exist different traditional Information System (IS) evaluation approaches, like experimental, pragmatic, constructivist, pluralist and realist IS evaluation. IS evaluation approaches are influenced by the way they address to technology. Recently actor network theory (ANT) and sociomateriality are two influential information systems (IS) entanglement perspectives. Additionally, El Sawy identified three faces of IS views: connection, immersion, and fusion. In terms of IS evaluation approaches, connection and immersion view are the dominant views in which these approaches are positioned. We believe the IS fusion view calls for IS evaluation approaches to be revised. This paper uses the relational emergence theory, based on the philosophy of critical realism to theorize and operationalize the fusion view, as it lacks a theoretical grounding and as well to push forward the traditional IS evaluation research approaches. At the core of relational emergence theory is the emergence concept, in which parts are structured by the relations among each other to create an entity as a ‘whole’. Based on this, we present and discuss the implications for IS evaluation in terms of how to evaluate a process as well as the output of the process. The discussion on IS evaluation is illustrated through an empirical example, drawn on a longitudinal research study within a police organization. This paper concludes that in the fusion view, the evaluation process shall embrace a holistic perspective. The focus of the evaluation process shall be the emergent entity consisting of IS, users, task and processes structured by means of relationships among each other. The properties exhibited by this emergent entity shall be evaluated.
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| 29. |
- Wingkvist, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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A Visualization-based Approach to Present and Assess Technical Documentation Quality
- 2011
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - 1566-6379. ; 14:1, s. 150-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technical documentation has moved from printed booklets to electronic versions that need to be updated continuously to match product development and user demands. There is an imminent need to ensure the quality of technical documentation, i.e., information that fol- lows a product.In order to ensure the quality, it is important to be able to measure it in a constructively way. We approach technical documentation quality from a software quality perspective and rely on automated measurements and analyses. We acknowledge that it is not possible to assess quality attributes such as “ease of understanding” using automated measure- ments. We rely on visualizations as a communication medium between machines and humans, and define a visualization-based quality assess- ment approach for technical documentation.In order to test our approach, we use it to assess the quality of 3 real- world documentations from a Swedish mobile phone manufacture, a Japanese camera manufacture, and a Swedish warship producer. The study shows that our approach can be used to identify potential quality defects. For example, we tested an unclassified subset of the warship’s technical documentation and found that 49% of it was redundant text clones. We performed the study in collaboration with a Swedish company that is in charge of creating and maintaining the 3 documentations, and they acknowledge that our approach has great potential and that our results proved helpful to them.
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