| 1. |
- Forsberg, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Embedded Signal Processing Using Free-Space Optical Hypercube Interconnects
- 2003
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Ingår i: Optical Networks Magazine. - : Springer-Verlag. - 1572-8161 .- 1388-6916. ; 4:4, s. 35-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The speed and complexity of integrated circuits are increasing rapidly. For instance, today's mainstream processors have already surpassed gigahertz global clock frequencies on-chip. As a consequence, many algorithms proposed for applications in embedded signal-processing (ESP) systems, e.g. radar and sonar systems, can be implemented with a reasonable number (less than 1000) of processors, at least in terms of computational power. An extreme inter-processor network is required, however, to completely implement those algorithms. The demands are such that completely new interconnection architectures must be considered.In the search for new architectures, developers of parallel computer systems can actually take advantage of optical interconnects. The main reason for introducing optics from a system point of view is the strength in using benefits that enable new architecture concepts, e.g. free-space propagation and easy fan-out, together with benefits that can actually be exploited by simply replacing the electrical links with optical ones without changing the architecture, e.g. high bandwidth and complete galvanic isolation.In this paper, we propose a system suitable for embedded signal processing with extreme performance demands. The system consists of several computational modules that work independently and send data simultaneously in order to achieve high throughput. Each computational module is composed of multiple processors connected in a hypercube topology to meet scalability and high bisection bandwidth requirements. Free-space optical interconnects and planar packaging technology make it possible to arrange the hypercubes as planes with an associated three-dimensional communications space and to take advantage of many optical properties. For instance, optical fan-out reduces hardware cost. Altogether, this makes the system capable of meeting high performance demands in, for example, massively parallel signal processing. One 64-channel airborne radar system with nine computational modules and a sustained computational speed of more than 1.6 Tera floating point operations per second (TFLOPS) is presented. The effective inter-module bandwidth in this configuration is 1 024 Gbit/s.
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| 2. |
- Jonsson, Magnus, 1969-
(författare)
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Optical interconnection technology in switches, routers and optical cross connects
- 2003
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Ingår i: Optical Networks Magazine. - Berlin : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1388-6916. ; 4:4, s. 20-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of data- and telecommunication equipment must keep abreast of the increasing network speed. At the same time, it is necessary to deal with the internal interconnection complexity, which typically grows by N2 or NlogN, where N is the number of ports. This requires new interconnection technologies to be used internally in the equipment. Optical interconnection technology is a promising alternative and much work has already been done. This paper reviews a number of optical and optoelectronic interconnection architectures, especially from a data and telecommunication equipment point of view. Three kinds of systems for adopting optical interconnection technology are discussed: (i) optical cross connects (OXCs), (ii) switches and routers with some kind of burst switching and (iii) switches and routers that redirect traffic on the packet or cell level. The interconnection technologies and architectures are discussed according to their suitability for adoption in the three system types.
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