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| 3. |
- Beronius, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Using systematic reviews for hazard and risk assessment of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- 2016
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Ingår i: Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders (Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1389-9155 .- 1573-2606. ; 16:4, s. 273-287
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in our environment contribute to hormonally related effects and diseases observed in human and wildlife populations has caused concern among decision makers and researchers alike. EDCs challenge principles traditionally applied in chemical risk assessment and the identification and assessment of these compounds has been a much debated topic during the last decade. State of the science reports and risk assessments of potential EDCs have been criticized for not using systematic and transparent approaches in the evaluation of evidence. In the fields of medicine and health care, systematic review methodologies have been developed and used to enable objectivity and transparency in the evaluation of scientific evidence for decision making. Lately, such approaches have also been promoted for use in the environmental health sciences and risk assessment of chemicals. Systematic review approaches could provide a tool for improving the evaluation of evidence for decision making regarding EDCs, e.g. by enabling systematic and transparent use of academic research data in this process. In this review we discuss the advantages and challenges of applying systematic review methodology in the identification and assessment of EDCs.
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| 4. |
- Burman, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Temozolomide therapy for aggressive pituitary tumours – current understanding and future perspectives
- 2020
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Ingår i: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1389-9155 .- 1573-2606. ; 21:2, s. 263-276
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of temozolomide (TMZ) for the management of aggressive pituitary tumours (APT) has revolutionised clinical practice in this field with significantly improved clinical outcomes and long-term survival. Its use is now well established however a large number of patients do not respond to treatment and recurrence after cessation of TMZ is common. A number of challenges remain for clinicians such as appropriate patient selection, treatment duration and the role of combination therapy. This review will examine the use of TMZ to treat APT including mechanism of action, treatment regimen and duration; biomarkers predicting response to treatment and patient selection; and current evidence for administration of TMZ in combination with other agents.
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- Egecioglu, Emil, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Hedonic and incentive signals for body weight control.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-2606 .- 1389-9155. ; 12:3, s. 141-51
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we review the emerging neurobiological understanding of the role of the brain's reward system in the regulation of body weight in health and in disease. Common obesity is characterized by the over-consumption of palatable/rewarding foods, reflecting an imbalance in the relative importance of hedonic versus homeostatic signals. The popular 'incentive salience theory' of food reward recognises not only a hedonic/pleasure component ('liking') but also an incentive motivation component ('wanting' or 'reward-seeking'). Central to the neurobiology of the reward mechanism is the mesoaccumbal dopamine system that confers incentive motivation not only for natural rewards such as food but also by artificial rewards (eg. addictive drugs). Indeed, this mesoaccumbal dopamine system receives and integrates information about the incentive (rewarding) value of foods with information about metabolic status. Problematic over-eating likely reflects a changing balance in the control exerted by hypothalamic versus reward circuits and/or it could reflect an allostatic shift in the hedonic set point for food reward. Certainly, for obesity to prevail, metabolic satiety signals such as leptin and insulin fail to regain control of appetitive brain networks, including those involved in food reward. On the other hand, metabolic control could reflect increased signalling by the stomach-derived orexigenic hormone, ghrelin. We have shown that ghrelin activates the mesoaccumbal dopamine system and that central ghrelin signalling is required for reward from both chemical drugs (eg alcohol) and also from palatable food. Future therapies for problematic over-eating and obesity may include drugs that interfere with incentive motivation, such as ghrelin antagonists.
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| 8. |
- Esposito, Daniela, et al.
(författare)
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Androgen deficiency in hypopituitary women: its consequences and management
- 2024
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Ingår i: REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS. - 1389-9155 .- 1573-2606.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Women with hypopituitarism have various degrees of androgen deficiency, which is marked among those with combined hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and secondary adrenal insufficiency. The consequences of androgen deficiency and the effects of androgen replacement therapy have not been fully elucidated. While an impact of androgen deficiency on outcomes such as bone mineral density, quality of life, and sexual function is plausible, the available evidence is limited. There is currently no consensus on the definition of androgen deficiency in women and it is still controversial whether androgen substitution should be used in women with hypopituitarism and coexisting androgen deficiency. Some studies suggest beneficial clinical effects of androgen replacement but data on long-term benefits and risk are not available. Transdermal testosterone replacement therapy in hypopituitary women has shown some positive effects on bone metabolism and body composition. Studies of treatment with oral dehydroepiandrosterone have yielded mixed results, with some studies suggesting improvements in quality of life and sexual function. Further research is required to elucidate the impact of androgen deficiency and its replacement treatment on long-term outcomes in women with hypopituitarism. The lack of transdermal androgens for replacement in this patient population and limited outcome data limit its use. A cautious and personalized treatment approach in the clinical management of androgen deficiency in women with hypopituitarism is recommended while awaiting more efficacy and safety data.
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| 9. |
- Grasset, Estelle, et al.
(författare)
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The gut microbiota to the brain axis in the metabolic control
- 2019
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Ingår i: Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1389-9155 .- 1573-2606.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The regulation of glycemia is under a tight neuronal detection of glucose levels performed by the gut-brain axis and an efficient efferent neuronal message sent to the peripheral organs, as the pancreas to induce insulin and inhibit glucagon secretions. The neuronal detection of glucose levels is performed by the autonomic nervous system including the enteric nervous system and the vagus nerve innervating the gastro-intestinal tractus, from the mouth to the anus. A dysregulation of this detection leads to the one of the most important current health issue around the world i.e. diabetes mellitus. Furthemore, the consequences of diabetes mellitus on neuronal homeostasis and activities participate to the aggravation of the disease establishing a viscious circle. Prokaryotic cells as bacteria, reside in our gut. The strong relationship between prokaryotic cells and our eukaryotic cells has been established long ago, and prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in our body have evolved synbiotically. For the last decades, studies demonstrated the critical role of the gut microbiota on the metabolic control and how its shift can induce diseases such as diabetes. Despite an important increase of knowledge, few is known about 1) how the gut microbiota influences the neuronal detection of glucose and 2) how the diabetes mellitus-induced gut microbiota shift observed participates to the alterations of autonomic nervous system and the gut-brain axis activity.
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| 10. |
- Johannsson, Gudmundur, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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GH deficiency and insensitivity in children and adults.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-2606 .- 1389-9155. ; 22:1, s. 1-2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This thematic review includes short reviews on GH deficiency and insensitivity in children and adults from basic science to clinical significance.
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| 11. |
- Schöler, Marc, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary lipids, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism
- 2019
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Ingår i: Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1389-9155 .- 1573-2606. ; 20, s. 461-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gut microbiota is a central regulator of host metabolism. The composition and function of the gut microbiota is dynamic and affected by diet properties such as the amount and composition of lipids. Hence, dietary lipids may influence host physiology through interaction with the gut microbiota. Lipids affect the gut microbiota both as substrates for bacterial metabolic processes, and by inhibiting bacterial growth by toxic influence. The gut microbiota has been shown to affect lipid metabolism and lipid levels in blood and tissues, both in mice and humans. Furthermore, diseases linked to dyslipidemia, such as non-alcoholic liver disease and atherosclerosis, are associated with changes in gut microbiota profile. The influence of the gut microbiota on host lipid metabolism may be mediated through metabolites produced by the gut microbiota such as short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids and trimethylamine and by pro-inflammatory bacterially derived factors such as lipopolysaccharide. Here we will review the association between gut microbiota, dietary lipids and lipid metabolism
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| 12. |
- Trouillas, Jacqueline, et al.
(författare)
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Are aggressive pituitary tumors and carcinomas two sides of the same coin? Pathologists reply to clinician’s questions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1389-9155 .- 1573-2606. ; 21:2, s. 243-251
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pituitary adenohypophyseal tumors are considered as benign and termed “adenomas”. However, many tumors are invasive and a proportion of these exhibit an “aggressive behavior” with premature death due to progressive growth. Only very rare (0.2%) tumors with metastases are considered malignant and termed “carcinomas”. Taking into account this variability in behavior and the oncological definition, pathologists have proposed changing the term adenoma to tumor. Here we explain why use the term tumor instead of adenoma and identify tumor characteristics, associated with a high risk for poor prognosis. In a cohort of 125 tumors with aggressive behavior (APT) and 40 carcinomas with metastases (PC), clinical and pathological features were very similar. The comparison of this cohort (APT+PC) with a reference surgical cohort of 374 unselected patients clearly shows that the two cohorts differ greatly, especially the percentage of tumors with Ki67 ≥ 10% (35%vs3%; p < 0.001). A five-tiered prognostic classification, associating invasion and proliferation, identified grade 2b tumors (invasive and proliferative), with a high risk of recurrence/progression. Because half of the APT+ PC tumors have a Ki67 index ≥10%, and 80% of them show 2 or 3 positive markers of proliferation, we suggest that tumors that are clinically aggressive, invasive and highly proliferative with a Ki67 ≥ 10%, represent tumors with malignant potential. The percentage of grade 2b tumors, suspected of malignancy, which will become aggressive tumors or carcinomas is unknown. It is probably very low, but higher than 0.2% in surgical series. Early identification and active treatment of these aggressive tumors is needed to decrease morbidity and prolong survival.
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| 13. |
- van Bunderen, Christa C, et al.
(författare)
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Growth hormone deficiency and replacement therapy in adults: Impact on survival.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-2606 .- 1389-9155. ; 22, s. 125-133
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a seminal paper from 1990, Rosen and Bengtsson suggested that hypopituitary patients with a presumed growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) have an excess mortality. Later studies have confirmed this finding but have also shown that the cause of the increased risk of death in these patients is multifactorial, including unreplaced GHD as well as non-physiological replacement therapy of other deficiencies, the etiology of hypopituitarism, and the side effects of tumor treatment. Only a few studies have investigated mortality in hypopituitary patients with GHD receiving GH replacement therapy (GHRT): these studies are retrospective observational studies with a wide range of underlying diseases but most of them show a mortality that is not different from the general population. Even though the research field of survival in GHD patients with and without GHRT is lacking prospective randomized trials, the evidence suggests that GHD in hypopituitary patients contributes to an excess mortality and modern replacement therapy including GHRT will result in a mortality that is approaching normal. Herein, we review the literature in the field of survival in GHD patients with and without GHRT. In addition, we outline the most important issues when evaluating studies in this area.
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| 14. |
- Welén, Karin, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Androgens, aging, and prostate health
- 2022
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Ingår i: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1389-9155 .- 1573-2606. ; 23:6, s. 1221-1231
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to late onset hypogonadism (LOH), there is an increased usage of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in the aging male population. Since prostate is a target organ for androgens and anti-androgenic strategies are used to treat and palliate benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PC), the prevalence of both increases with age, the possible influence of TRT on prostate health becomes highly relevant. The present review summarizes existing data on the associations between endogenous hormone concentrations and prostate growth and concludes that circulating concentrations of androgens do not appear to be associated with the risks of development of BPH or initiation or progression of PC. The explanation for these findings relates to an apparent insensitivity of prostatic tissue to changes of testosterone concentrations within the physiological range.
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- Parikh, Hemang, et al.
(författare)
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Candidate genes for type 2 diabetes.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. - 1389-9155. ; 5:2, s. 151-176
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