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1.
  • Sul, Young-Taeg, 1960, et al. (författare)
  • Oxidized, bioactive implants are rapidly and strongly integrated in bone. Part 1--experimental implants.
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 17:5, s. 521-6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: The study presented was designed to investigate the speed and the strength of osseointegration of oxidized implants at early healing times in comparison which machined, turned implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Screw-shaped titanium implants were prepared and divided into two groups: magnesium ion incorporated, oxidized implants (Mg implants, n=10) and machined, turned implants (controls, n=10). Mg implants were prepared using micro-arc oxidation methods. Surface oxide properties of implants such as surface chemistry, oxide thickness, morphology/pore characteristics, crystal structures and roughness were characterized with various surface analytic techniques. Implants were inserted into the tibiae of ten New Zealand white rabbits. After a follow-up period of 3 and 6 weeks, removal torque (RTQ), osseointegration speed (DeltaRTQ/Deltahealing time) and integration strength of implants were measured. Bonding failure analysis of the bone-to-implant interface was performed. RESULTS: The speed the and strength of osseointegration of Mg implants were significantly more rapid and stronger than for turned implants at follow-up periods of 3 and 6 weeks. Bonding failure for Mg implants dominantly occurred within the bone tissue, whereas bonding failure for turned implants mainly occurred at the interface between implant and bone. CONCLUSIONS: Oxidized, bioactive implants are rapidly and strongly integrated in bone. The present results indicate that the rapid and strong integration of oxidized, bioactive Mg implants to bone may encompass immediate/early loading of clinical implants.
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2.
  • Truedsson, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Bone substitute as an on-lay graft on rat tibia
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : Wiley. - 1600-0501 .- 0905-7161. ; 21:4, s. 424-429
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives To investigate the capacity of Cerament (R), an injectable bone substitute, to guide bone generation from a cortical surface. Materials and method Cerament (R) was applied to the cortical surface of rat tibiae and investigated histologically after 3, 6 and 12 weeks, using a procedure similar to that performed in sham-operated rats. Results In both groups, the thickness of the bone cortex increased significantly from 473 +/- 58 mu m (mean +/- SD) at day 0 to 1193 +/- 255 mu m (Cerament (R)) and 942 +/- 323 mu m (sham) after 3 weeks. In the Cerament (R) group, the new bone thickness remained constant (1258 +/- 288 mu m) until the end of the experiment at 12 weeks, while the sham group demonstrated a return to initial cortical thickness (591 +/- 73 mu m) at 12 weeks. The newly formed bone in the Cerament (R) group was highly trabecular after 3 weeks but attained a normal trabecular structure of the cortex after 12 weeks. Conclusion Cerament (R) may guide bone generation from an intact cortical bone surface. Although bone remodeling speed may differ between rats and humans, our study indicates that Cerament (R) may become a useful alternative to autologous bone, both to fill defects and to increase bone volume by cortical augmentation. To cite this article:Truedsson A, Wang J-S, Lindberg P, Gordh M, Sunzel B, Warfvinge G. Bone substitute as an on-lay graft on rat tibia. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 424-429.doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01875.x.
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3.
  • Balatsouka, Dimitra, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of systemic administration of nicotine on healing in osseous defects. An experimental study in rabbits. Part II.
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 17:5, s. 488-94
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of systemic administration of nicotine on bone healing in osseous defects in the tibia of rabbits. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixteen female rabbits received nicotine (n=8; test group) or saline (n=8; control group) via subcutaneously placed mini-osmotic pumps for 8 weeks. The animals underwent three surgical operations during the experimental period, and body weight was registered weekly. Blood samples were collected to determine cotinine and prostaglandin E(2) levels. Bone preparations were made in the right leg of all rabbits after 4 weeks and in the left leg after 6 weeks of nicotine/placebo exposure. Thus, 2- and 4-week healing groups were created for the bone defects. After 8 weeks, the animals were killed. Tissue blocks including the bone defects were prepared for histological analysis. RESULTS: The animals in the test group lost weight, while the control group gained weight during the experiment. The prostaglandin E(2) levels in plasma increased significantly following nicotine exposure in the test group. No significant differences in the percentage of vessels and bone density in the osseous defects were found between the test and the control groups after 2 and 4 weeks of healing. CONCLUSIONS: In this experiment, systemic administration of nicotine over 4 or 6 weeks, respectively, influenced body weight and systemic prostaglandin E(2) levels but not the amount of blood vessels and the bone mineral density in bone defects after 2 or 4 weeks of healing.
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4.
  • Balatsouka, D, et al. (författare)
  • The impact of nicotine on bone healing and osseointegration - An experimental study in rabbits
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : Wiley. - 1600-0501 .- 0905-7161. ; 16:3, s. 268-276
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objecives: To examine the short-term effect of nicotine on bone healing and osseointegration. Material and methods: Sixteen female rabbits were divided into two groups. The test group was exposed to nicotine tartrate for 8 weeks and the control group was exposed to placebo. Nicotine or placebo was administered via a miniosmotic pump and plasma cotinine levels were measured weekly. The pump delivered 15 mg of nicotine/day for the animals in the test group. All rabbits had three tibial bone preparations. In the proximal and distal bone bed, implants were placed after 4 weeks (right tibia) and after 6 weeks (left tibia). Thus, 2- and 4-week healing groups were created. Removal torque test (RMT) was performed at the distal implants. Ground sections were made from the proximal and the central bone beds. The fraction of mineralized bone in contact to the implant (BIC) and the bone density within the implant threads (BD-i) were determined for the bone-implant specimens. For the central bone beds without implants the bone density (BD-c) in the bone defects was determined. Results: No significant difference in RMT values was found between the test and the control group. Histomorphometric measurements of the BIC and the peri-implant BD-i showed no significant differences between the test and the control group after 2 or 4 weeks. Significant differences were, however, found between the 2- and 4-week samples. In the central bone beds, there was no significant difference in BD-c between the test and the control group. Conclusion: Nicotine exposure in a short period of time did not have a significant impact on bone healing or implant osseointegration in rabbits.
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5.
  • Balatsouka, Dimitra, et al. (författare)
  • The impact of nicotine on osseointegration. An experimental study in the femur and tibia of rabbits.
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 16:4, s. 389-95
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of an enhanced systematic dose of nicotine on osseointegration of titanium implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixteen female rabbits received either nicotine (n=8) or saline (n=8) administered subcutaneously via mini-osmotic pumps for 2 months. The pump delivered 6 mug/kg/min of nicotine for the animals in the test group. Blood was withdrawn and plasma cotinine levels were measured weekly. Thirty-two titanium implants were inserted into the femur and tibia of all rabbits after 4 weeks and after 6 weeks of nicotine/placebo exposure. Thus, 2- and 4-week healing groups were created. Biomechanical evaluation by (i) resonance frequency analysis test (RFA) on all implants after insertion and before sacrifice and (ii) removal torque test (RMT) on tibial implants before sacrifice was performed. All implants placed in the femur were processed to undecalcified ground sections. The percentage of bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and of bone area within the threads (BD-i) were measured. RESULTS: No significant difference in RMT and RFA values was found between the test and the control group. Histomorphometric measurements of the BIC and the peri-implant BD-i showed no significant differences between the test and the control group after 2 or after 4 weeks. CONCLUSION: Nicotine exposure for a short period of time even in a high dose did not have a significant impact on implant osseointegration in rabbits.
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6.
  • Jemt, Torsten, 1950, et al. (författare)
  • Accuracy of implant-supported prostheses in the edentulous jaw: analysis of precision of fit between cast gold-alloy frameworks and master casts by means of a three-dimensional photogrammetric technique.
  • 1995
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 6:3, s. 172-80
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Distortions of 15 routine implant-supported prostheses were measured in relation to the master casts after completion by means of a 3-dimensional (3-D) photogrammetric technique. All prostheses were designed as one-piece gold-alloy castings with resin teeth. Five of the prostheses were placed in the edentulous maxilla, and the remaining were placed in the lower jaw. Distortion of the cylinders was mostly observed in the horizontal plane (x- and y-axis) while the vertical aspect seemed to be more stable. The mean 3-D center point distortion was 42 (SD 15) and 74 (SD 38) microns for the upper and lower jaws, respectively. The measurements revealed a range of 3-D center point distortion from 16 to 80 and 15 to 165 microns for the different jaws, respectively. The corresponding 3-D mean angular distortion of the cylinders was 51 (SD 35) microns in lower and 70 (SD 75) microns in the upper jaws. A correlation was found between 3-D center point distortion and the width as well as the curvature of the implant arch, indicating more displacement the wider and the more curved the arch was. The 3-D center point distortion was also significantly higher in the upper jaws which could possibly be explained by the curvature of the implant arch and higher numbers of implants in the upper jaws. Further problems with the fit of upper jaw castings could be related to more alloy in the castings and poor alignment of implants.
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7.
  • Jemt, Torsten, 1950, et al. (författare)
  • Mucosal topography around implants in edentulous upper jaws. Photogrammetric three-dimensional measurements of the effect of replacement of a removable prosthesis with a fixed prosthesis.
  • 1994
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 5:4, s. 220-8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A photogrammetric technique was tested to measure the topography of the mucosa around implants, placed in edentulous upper jaws. Photographs were taken of casts from 6 patients, who all had used a removable overdenture for one year. Another series of photographs was taken on new casts after the use of a fixed prosthesis for a second year. The 6 pairs of photographs were measured and compared in an analytical stereo plotter for surface contour and implant positions. The results from the measurements indicated a trend of general recession of the mucosa after one year with fixed prosthesis, both on the buccal as well as on the palatal side. The mean volume of recession was 222.4 mm3, corresponding to an average of 0.4 mm3/mm2 of mucosa. More recession was generally observed on the palatal side, but obvious variations between the patients were present. In conclusion, the photogrammetric technique was considered to be well suited for analysing tissue contours in various dental situations.
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8.
  • Johansson, Carina B., 1955, et al. (författare)
  • Enhanced implant integration with hierarchically structured implants: a pilot study in rabbits
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : Wiley. - 1600-0501 .- 0905-7161. ; 23:8, s. 943-953
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aim: To investigate bone-to-implant bonding for some novel surface modifications with a hierarchic structure and to correlate the in vivo results with surface roughness parameters. Materials and methods: Newly developed implants surfaces were tested in rabbits and compared with the commercially available OsseoSpeed™ (OS) implant. The blasted test samples were subjected to treatment in oxalic acid (AT-II), followed by subsequent etching in hydrofluoric acid (AT-I). Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the surface topography and chemical composition of the implants. Biomechanical testing after 6 weeks of healing was complemented with the quantification of fluorochromes and the results were subjected to a multivariate statistical analysis. Results: The results show, both with biomechanical- and with histomorphometrical tests, that the AT-I implants with different surface roughness at the micro (blasting), submicro (shallow cavities) and nanolevels (precipitates) have a greater bone tissue integration compared with the AT-II- and OS implants. The 2D bone-to-implant contact (BIC) data were in accordance with the 3D removal torque (RTQ) results even if the former were deduced from implants located in spongeous-type bone and the latter in cortical bone. The increase in RTQ values for the test samples AT-I and AT-II compared with the reference complies with the slightly higher Sa values for these surfaces. Conclusions: Using a combination of conventional methods with novel quantification of florochrome and multivariate analysis, the influence of surface roughness on different levels could be discriminated. The RTQ and BIC values show that the most hierarchical structure with submicro cavities and nanoscale precipitates possesses the most favourable osseointegration properties.
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9.
  • Lie, Anders, 1959, et al. (författare)
  • Photogrammetric measurements of implant positions. Description of a technique to determine the fit between implants and superstructures.
  • 1994
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 5:1, s. 30-6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A photogrammetric technique was designed to measure the position of dental implants in 3 dimensions to enable assessment of the fit of superstructures placed on the implants. A relatively simple camera set-up was developed and tested. Calibration of the camera was performed in a high-precision analytical plotter and revealed a film measurement accuracy of 0.005 mm. The achieved measuring accuracy for clear and well defined points on clinical components was found to be around 0.02 mm. To find the center points of the implants, points on the circumference were measured. These points are not well defined, which resulted in an estimation of the center point of the implant with a precision of 0.05 mm. Independent measurements of a prosthesis with 5 implants were also within the precision of 0.05 mm. The angular orientation of the top surface of the implant cylinder (abutment, brass replica of gold alloy cylinder of the framework) was measured with a precision of 0.01 radians, which corresponded to an error with a peripheral gap of about 0.03 mm. This value was about 5-10 times lower than the clinical fit between frameworks and abutments, measured in 3 randomly selected clinical cases.
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10.
  • Truedsson, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Maxillary sinus augmentation with iliac autograft - a health-economic analysis.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : Wiley. - 1600-0501 .- 0905-7161. ; 24:10, s. 1088-1093
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: To estimate and compare the costs of maxillary sinus augmentation performed with autologous bone graft either from the iliac crest or from local bone harvested from the mandibula. To evaluate post-operative health-related quality-of-life parameters for patients subjected to sinus augmentation and iliac bone surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The hospital records of 14 patients subjected to sinus augmentation with iliac autograft, and 14 patients treated with local autograft, were analysed with regard to costs related to surgery, hospitalization and sick leave. Post-operative health parameters were assessed with a questionnaire. RESULTS: Mean hospital costs, administration excluded, for sinus augmentation with iliac autograft was €3447. Policlinic treatment alternatives e.g. local bone autograft with or without bone substitutes, rendered costs of approximately 42% thereof. The loss of production for a worker was 41% of the total cost (€9285). With regard to health-related quality-of-life and post-operative morbidity, most of the patients had recovered 14 days after the iliac graft surgery. CONCLUSION: The cost for a sinus augmentation with iliac surgery exceeds that of a policlinic procedure manifold. Provided that a policlinic operation with local bone, with or without bone substitute, renders an adequate end result, the economic gain would be substantial and post-operative morbidity would be greatly reduced.
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11.
  • Wennerberg, Ann, et al. (författare)
  • Spontaneously formed nanostructures on titanium surfaces.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 24:2, s. 203-209
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: The aim was to investigate the evolution of nanostructures on the SLActive surface, as a function of time, storage conditions, material dependence and to identify the step in which the reorganization of the outermost titanium oxide layer into well defined nanostructures takes place. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Titanium grade 2 discs were surface modified in seven different modes; (1) SLA (sand blasted, large grit, acid etched) protocol. (2) SLActive protocol (SLA stored in 0.9% NaCl solution), (3) SLActive, but stored in water instead of 0.9% NaCl solution, (4) pmod SLA: SLA discs subjected to oxygen plasma cleaning and stored in 0.9% NaCl solution, (5) SLAnano: SLActive discs aged for several months and then dried, (6) Mod A: same etching procedure and storage as for SLActive, but no sand blasting prior to etching, (7) pmod P: the discs were polished, oxygen plasma cleaned and stored in 0.9% NaCl solution. In addition TiZr alloy discs were prepared like the Ti SLActive samples. The surfaces were evaluated with SEM, interferometry, contact angle measurements and XPS. RESULTS: The samples stored dry were hydrophobic whereas the discs stored in liquid were hydrophilic. The evolution of nanostructures took 2 weeks, thereafter they were stable over time. The nanostructures occured after storage both in water and NaCl solution. Nanostructures were formed on Ti and TiZr although the morphology and distribution was quite different between the two materials. CONCLUSIONS: Acid etching in conjunction with storage in aqueous solution is responsible for the reorganization of the outermost titanium oxide layer into well defined nanostructures.
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12.
  • Gomes de Oliveria, Rubelisa Candido, et al. (författare)
  • Bone tissue microarchitectural characteristics at dental implant sites. Part I : Identification of clinical-related parameters
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 23:8, s. 981-986
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abstract Objective: To identify the characteristics of bone tissue microarchitecture by microCT at dental implant bone sites, describing them in terms of clinical parameters. Material and methods: Forty-six bone implant sites of the maxilla and mandible from 32 volunteers were evaluated by conventional radiographs and CT scans. During the installation of each implant, bone biopsies were removed using a trephine bur at the first drilling to prepare the socket implant. Each sample was evaluated by microCT and dimensional parameters measured. Results: Factor analysis summarized the microparameters into four components, which accounted for 92.8% of the total variance. The identified factors were (1) architecture - variables affecting 3D trabecular bone configuration and organization, (2) density - variables relating to surface/volume ratios and volume/volume ratios, (3) bulk - variables relating to the amount of bone and (4) spacing - variable related to the distance between trabeculae and the quantity and organization of marrow spaces. Conclusion: These four summarized factors correspond to clinical and radiographically recognizable parameters used for routine bone quality evaluation for implant treatment planning, which can potentially influence the primary stability of dental implants. The understanding of factors related to bone microarchitecture might reveal important aspects of its mechanical properties, essential for implant success. To cite this article: De Oliveira RCG, Leles CR, Lindh C, Ribeiro-Rotta RF. Bone tissue microarchitectural characteristics at dental implant sites. Part 1: Identification of clinical related parameters. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. xx, 2011; 000-000. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02243.x. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
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13.
  • Coelho, Paulo G, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of Si addition on Ca- and P-impregnated implant surfaces with nanometer-scale roughness: an experimental study in dogs.
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 1600-0501 .- 0905-7161.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: To investigate the effect of Si addition on a nanometer-scale roughness Ca and P implant surfaces in a canine tibia model by biomechanical and histomorphometric evaluations. Material and methods: The implant surfaces comprised a resorbable media CaP microblasted (control) and a CaP resorbable media+silica-boost microblasted (experimental) surfaces. Surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and optical interferometry (IFM) down to the nanometric level. The animal model involved the bilateral placement of control (n=24) and experimental surface (n=24) implants along the proximal tibiae of six dogs, remaining in vivo for 2 or 4 weeks. After euthanization, half of the specimens were torqued-to-interface failure, and the other half was subjected to histomorphologic and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) evaluation. Torque and BIC statistical evaluation was performed by the Friedman test at 95% level of significance, and comparisons between groups was performed by the Dunn test. Results: IFM and SEM observations depicted comparable roughness parameters for both implant surfaces on the micrometer and nanometer scales. XPS analysis revealed similar chemical composition, except for the addition of Si on the experimental group. Torque-to-interface failure and BIC mean values showed no significant differences (P=0.25 and 0.51, respectively) at both 2- and 4-week evaluation points for experimental and control groups. Early bone healing histomorphologic events were similar between groups. Conclusions: The experimental surface resulted in not significantly different biomechanical fixation and BIC relative to control. Both surfaces were biocompatible and osseoconductive. To cite this article: Coelho PG, Granato R, Marin C, Jimbo R, Lin S, Witek L, Suzuki M, Bonfante EA. Effect of Si addition on Ca- and P-impregnated implant surfaces with nanometer-scale roughness: an experimental study in dogs. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. xx, 2011; 000-000. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02150.x.
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14.
  • Fornell, Jan, et al. (författare)
  • Flapless, CBCT-guided osteotome sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant installation. I: radiographic examination and surgical technique. A prospective 1-year follow-up.
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 1600-0501 .- 0905-7161. ; 23:1, s. 28-34
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Survival rates of implants placed in transalveolar sinus floor augmentation sites are comparable with those placed in non-augmented sites. Flapless implant surgery can minimize postoperative morbidity, alveolar bone resorption and crestal bone loss. The use of cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) provides 3D presentations with reduced dose exposure. Objectives: To evaluate a flapless, CBCT-guided transalveolar sinus floor elevation technique with simultaneous implant installation. Material and methods: Fourteen consecutive patients in need of maxillary sinus floor augmentation were enrolled in this study. Preoperative CBCT with a titanium screwpost as an indicator at the intended implant position was used to visually guide the flapless surgical procedure. Twenty one implants all with a length of 10mm and a diameter of 4.1 and 4.8mm were inserted and followed clinically and with CBCT for 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Intraoral radiographs were taken for comparison. All patients were provided with permanent prosthetic constructions 8-12 weeks after implant surgery. Results: Ten (47.6%) implants were inserted in residual bone of 2.6-4.9mm and 11 (52.3%) implants were inserted in residual bone of 5-8.9mm. No implants were lost after surgery and follow-up. There was no marginal bone loss during the follow-up verified by CBCT. The implants penetrated on average 4.4mm (SD 2.1mm) into the sinus cavity and the mean bone gain was 3mm (SD 2.1mm). Conclusion: Flapless transalveolar sinus lift procedures visually guided by preoperative CBCT can successfully be used to enable placement, successful healing and loading of one to three implants in residual bone height of 2.6-8.9mm. There was no marginal bone loss during the 3-12 months follow-up. To cite this article: Fornell J, Johansson L-Å, Bolin A, Isaksson S, Sennerby L. Flapless, CBCT-guided osteotome sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant installation. I: radiographic examination and surgical technique. A prospective 1-year follow-up. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. xx, 2011; 000-000. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02151.x.
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15.
  • Hatano, Naoki, et al. (författare)
  • New approach for immediate prosthetic rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible with three implants: a retrospective study.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 1600-0501 .- 0905-7161. ; 22:11, s. 1265-1269
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Immediate/early prosthetic rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible with four or more implants for support of a fixed bridge is a well-documented procedure. Only a few studies have reported on the outcome of using three implants for this purpose. Aim: To retrospectively analyze the clinical outcome when using three implants for support of an immediately loaded fixed bridge in the totally edentulous mandible. Materials and methods: In total, 132 patients (67 females and 65 males, mean age 62.6 years, range 35-85 years) treated with 396 implants (Brånemark System) over an 11-year period in one clinic were retrospectively analyzed with regard to implant survival. Implants with both machined and oxidized surface had been used. Eighty percent of the implants were 13 mm in length or longer. The permanent bridge with acrylic teeth was delivered to the patient the same day. The patients were re-called annually for clinical examinations. Results: All patients had been followed for at least 1 year, with the longest follow-up of 10 years and a mean follow-up of 5 years. Thirteen implant failures in 10 patients were experienced, all occurring during the first 12 months of loading. The overall survival rate was 96.7% for implants and 92.4% for original bridges. More machined than oxidized implants failed, 7% vs. 1.2%. Fourteen additional implants were placed at the time of removal of the failed implants when also the fixed bridge was adjusted on the same day. Thus, all patients received and maintained a fixed bridge, except for a few hours in the 10 failure cases when the bridges were adjusted. Conclusions: This retrospective survival analysis shows that three implants can be used to support a fixed bridge for immediate loading in the edentulous mandible. The study indicated that oxidized implants were more successful than machined ones. To cite this article: Hatano N, Yamaguchi M, Yaita T, Ishibashi T, Sennerby L. New approach for immediate prosthetic rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible with three implants: a rettrospective study. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. xx, 2011; 000-000. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02101.x.
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16.
  • Van de Velde, T, et al. (författare)
  • The clinical and radiographic outcome of implants placed in the posterior maxilla with a guided flapless approach and immediately restored with a provisional rehabilitation: a randomized clinical trial.
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 1600-0501 .- 0905-7161. ; 21:11, s. 1223-1233
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abstract Objectives: To evaluate and compare the outcome of dental implants placed using a flapless protocol and immediate loading with a conventional protocol and loading after 6 weeks. Materials and methods: Fourteen patients with bilateral maxillary edentulous areas were treated using Straumann SLA-implants. Using a randomized split-mouth design, implants were placed in one side of the maxilla using a stereolithographic surgical guide for flapless surgery and immediately loaded on temporary abutments with a bridge (test). Implants in the other side were placed using the conventional protocol and loaded after 6 weeks of healing (control). Clinical and radiographic evaluation of peri-implant tissues was performed at time of implant surgery, and after 1 week, 6 weeks, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months. Results: A total of 70 implants were placed (36 test and 34 control). One implant (test) was lost after 3 months, resulting in a survival rate of 97.3% for the test implants and 100% for the control implants. Marginal bone levels were not statistically significantly different between the test and control implants but at baseline the marginal bone level was significantly lower compared to the other evaluation periods (P < 0.05). The mean bone level for test and control implants was 1.95 mm +/- 0.70 and 1.93 mm +/-0.42 after 18 months, respectively. There was a significant change in height of the attached mucosa at implants placed with a conventional flap between post-operative and 1 week and between 1 week and 6 weeks. Statistically significant differences were found between the test side and the control side for opinion about speech, function, aesthetics, self-confidence and overall appreciation the first 6 weeks. Conclusion: Implants can successfully integrate in the posterior maxilla using a flapless approach with immediate loading similar to a conventional protocol. The mucosal tissues around implants placed with a conventional flap changed significantly compared with flapless placed implants. To cite this article: Van de Velde T, Sennerby L, De Bruyn H. The clinical and radiographic outcome of implants placed in the posterior maxilla with a guided flapless approach and immediately restored with a provisional rehabilitation: a randomized clinical trial. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. xx, 2010; 000-000. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01924.x.
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17.
  • Abrahamssom, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • Onlay bone grafting of the mandible after periosteal expansion with an osmotic tissue expander : an experimental study in rabbits
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 21:12, s. 1404-1410
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the space-maintaining capacity of a titanium mesh or a bioresorbable mesh after periosteal expansion and to assess bone formation under a titanium mesh or a bioresorbable mesh on the lateral border of the mandible by qualitative and quantitative histological analysis. Material and methods: In 13 rabbits, a self-inflatable soft tissue expander was placed intraorally, bilaterally under the mandibular periosteum via an extra oral approach. After 2 weeks, the expanders were removed and a particulated onlay bone graft was placed and covered by a titanium mesh or a bioresorbable mesh. After 3 months, the animals were sacrificed and specimens were collected for histology. Results: The osmotic soft tissue expander created a subperiosteal pocket and a ridge of new bone had formed at the edges of the expanded periosteum in all sites. After the healing period of 3 months, soft tissue dehiscence was recorded in two of the sites with bioresorbable meshes. The mean bone fill was 65% under the titanium mesh and 85% under the bioresorbable mesh (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the titanium mesh and the bioresorbable mesh regarding the height of the meshes, mesh area and mineralized bone area. Scanning electron microscopy shows that new bone is growing in direct contact with the resorbable mesh and the titanium mesh. Conclusion: This study confirms that an osmotic soft tissue expander creates a surplus of periosteum and soft tissue and that new bone can be generated under a titanium mesh or bioresorbable mesh.
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18.
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19.
  • Abrahamsson, Ingemar, 1953, et al. (författare)
  • Early bone formation adjacent to rough and turned endosseous implant surfaces. An experimental study in the dog
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 15:4, s. 381-92
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To validate a proposed model (Berglundh et al. 2003) and to evaluate the rate and degree of osseointegration at turned (T) and sand blasted and acid etched (SLA) implant surfaces during early phases of healing. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The devices used for the study of early healing had a geometry that corresponded to that of a solid screw implant with either a SLA or a T surface configuration. A circumferential trough had been prepared within the thread region (intra-osseous portion) that established a geometrically well-defined wound chamber. Twenty Labrador dogs received totally 160 experimental devices to allow the evaluation of healing between 2 h and 12 weeks. Both ground and decalcified sections were prepared from mesial/distal and buccal/lingual device sites. Histometric and morphometric analyses of the ground sections and morphometric analysis of the tissue components in decalcified sections were performed. RESULTS: The ground sections provided an overview of the various phases of tissue formation, while the decalcified, thin sections enabled a more detailed study of events involved in bone tissue modeling and remodeling for both SLA and T surfaces. The initially empty wound chamber became occupied with a coagulum and a granulation tissue that was replaced by a provisional matrix. The process of bone formation started already during the first week. The newly formed bone present at the lateral border of the cut bony bed appeared to be continuous with the parent bone, but on the SLA surface woven bone was also found at a distance from the parent bone. Parallel-fibered and/or lamellar bone as well as bone marrow replaced this primary bone after 4 weeks. In the SLA chambers, more bone-to-device contact, more initial woven bone and earlier lamellar bone formation was found than in the T chambers. CONCLUSION: Osseointegration represents a dynamic process both during its establishment and its maintenance. While healing showed similar characteristics with resorptive and appositional events for both SLA and T surfaces, the rate and degree of osseointegration were superior for the SLA compared with the T chambers.
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20.
  • Abrahamsson, Ingemar, 1953, et al. (författare)
  • Healing at fluoride-modified implants placed in wide marginal defects: an experimental study in dogs.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 19:2, s. 153-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To study the healing at fluoride-modified implants placed in wide circumferential defects. Material and methods: Six mongrel dogs were used. The mandibular premolars and first molars were extracted. Three months later four implants were placed in one side of the mandible of each dog. The control implants (MicroThread(trade mark)) had a TiOblast surface, while the test implants (OsseoSpeed(trade mark)) had a fluoride-modified surface. Two implants of each type were placed. The marginal 50% of the prepared canal was widened using step drills. Following installation a 1 mm wide gap occurred between the implant surface and the bone wall in the defect. All implants were submerged. The installation procedure was repeated in the opposite side of the mandible 4 weeks after the first implant surgery. Two weeks later the animals were euthanized and block biopsies containing the implant and surrounding tissues were prepared for histological analysis. Results: The histological analysis revealed that a significantly larger area of osseointegration was established within the defect at fluoride-modified implants than at implants with a TiOblast surface after 6 weeks of healing. Further, the degree of bone-to-implant contact within the defect area was larger at fluoride-modified implants than at the TiOblast implants. Conclusion: It is suggested that the fluoride-modified implant surface promotes bone formation and osseointegration.
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21.
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22.
  • Abrahamsson, Ingemar, 1953, et al. (författare)
  • Peri-implant hard and soft tissue integration to dental implants made of titanium and gold.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 18:3, s. 269-74
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to compare the peri-implant hard and soft tissue integration around dental implants made of commercially pure (c.p.) titanium or a gold alloy but with the same shape and surface roughness. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In four beagle dogs, all mandibular premolars were extracted. Three months later, four experimental non-submerged implants were placed in each edentulous premolar region. Each implant comprised three different zones: zone A (coronal), zone B (central) and zone C (apical). Each zone was made of either c.p. titanium or a gold alloy. Four different combinations of metal and zone were used. A plaque control program was initiated and 6 months later, the animals were sacrificed and biopsies were obtained. The biopsies including the implant and the surrounding tissues were processed for ground sectioning. RESULTS: The height of the peri-implant mucosa and the length of the barrier epithelium were similar at the four experimental sites. The marginal bone level in the different metal combinations was located between 4.5 and 4.8 mm apical of the implant rim. The percent of mineralized bone that was in direct contact with the implant surface (BIC%) was consistently greater in the marginal than in the apical portion of the implants. The BIC% for the marginal and apical zone were consistently greater for implant portions made of titanium than for portions made of gold alloy (zone B: 42.7% vs. 36.5%, zone C: 33.2% vs. 19%). CONCLUSIONS: Osseointegration was achieved to surfaces made of both c.p. titanium and a gold alloy. BIC% was higher at titanium than at gold surfaces. Moreover, the peri-implant soft tissue dimensions were not influenced by the metal used in the 'marginal' zone of the implant.
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23.
  • Abrahamsson, Ingemar, 1953, et al. (författare)
  • Probe penetration in periodontal and peri-implant tissues. An experimental study in the beagle dog.
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 17:6, s. 601-5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Today, periodontal probing is the best diagnostic tool to assess the health status and attachment level of periodontal tissues. There are, however, doubts as to whether the same method could be used for implants. Experiments comparing peri-implant and periodontal probing provide conflicting results. The impact and interpretation of peri-implant probing are still not sufficiently known. PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to further analyze the histological level of probe penetration in healthy periodontal and peri-implant tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In four beagle dogs, all mandibular premolars were extracted. Three months later, four experimental non-submerged implants were placed in each edentulous premolar region. Six months later, probing depth was determined at the buccal aspect at two of the implants and at the bilateral first mandibular molars. A pressure-controlled probe with a diameter of 0.4 mm and 0.2 N probing force was used. Following the probing depth assessment, a metal periodontal probe tip was inserted into the previously measured depth and attached to the implants and teeth using a composite material. Block biopsies were obtained and prepared for histometric examinations. RESULTS: The findings showed that probing resulted in similar probe extension at implants and teeth, that the probe extension corresponded to the extension of the barrier epithelium and that the distance between the probe tip and the bone was about 1 mm in both peri-implant and periodontal tissues. CONCLUSIONS: This experiment showed that under healthy conditions, the probe tip penetration in the soft tissues at teeth and implants is similar when a probing force of 0.2 N is used. Probing around implants using a moderate force is a valuable diagnostic tool in the maintenance of implant patients.
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24.
  • Abrahamsson, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • Guided bone generation in a rabbit mandible model after periosteal expansion with an osmotic tissue expander.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 22:11, s. 1282-8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the space-maintaining capacity of titanium mesh covered by a collagen membrane after soft tissue expansion on the lateral border of the mandible in rabbits, and to assess bone quantity and quality using autogenous particulate bone or bone-substitute (Bio-Oss(®) ), and if soft tissue ingrowth can be avoided by covering the mesh with a collagen membrane.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 11 rabbits, a self-inflatable soft tissue expander was placed under the lateral mandibular periosteum via an extra-oral approach. After 2 weeks, the expanders were removed and a particulated onlay bone graft and deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) (Bio-Oss(®) ) were placed in the expanded area and covered by a titanium mesh. The bone and DBBM were separated in two compartments under the mesh with a collagen membrane in between. The mesh was then covered with a collagen membrane. After 3 months, the animals were sacrificed and specimens were collected for histology.RESULTS: The osmotic soft tissue expander created a subperiosteal pocket and a ridge of new bone formed at the edges of the expanded periosteum in all sites. After the healing period of 3 months, no soft tissue dehiscence was recorded. The mean bone fill was 58.1±18% in the bone grafted area and 56.9±13.7% in the DBBM area. There was no significant difference between the autologous bone graft and the DDBM under the titanium mesh with regard to the total bone area or the mineralized bone area. Scanning electron microscopy showed that new bone was growing in direct contact with the DBBM particles and the titanium mesh. There is a soft tissue ingrowth even after soft tissue expansion and protection of the titanium mesh with a collagen membrane.CONCLUSION: This study confirms that an osmotic soft tissue expander creates a surplus of periosteum and soft tissue, and that new bone can subsequently be generated under a titanium mesh with the use of an autologous bone graft or DBBM.
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25.
  • Abushahba, Faleh, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of grafting materials on osseointegration of dental implants surrounded by circumferential bone defects : an experimental study in the dog
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 19:4, s. 329-334
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIMS: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of gap width and graft placement on bone healing around implants placed into simulated extraction sockets in the mandibles of four beagle dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four Ti-Unite implants (13 mm x 3.3 mm) were placed on each side of the mandible. Three implants were surrounded by a 1.35 mm circumferential and a 5 mm deep gap around the coronal portion of the implants. A fourth implant was inserted conventionally into both sides of the mandibles as a positive control. The gaps were filled with either Bio-Oss, autogenous bone or with a blood clot alone. The study design was balanced for animal, side and modality. Ground sections were prepared from biopsies taken at 3 months, and computer-aided histometric measurements of bone/implant contact and area of bone within threads were made for the coronal 5 mm. Data were analysed using analysis of variance. RESULTS: The mean bone/implant contact was 9.8 mm for the control and ranged from 9.3 to 11.3 mm for the three test modalities. The corresponding values for area within threads were 1 mm(2) and 1-1.2 mm(2). Modality had a significant effect on both bone/implant contact (F=16.9; P<0.0001) and area within threads (F=16.7; P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that both autogenous bone graft and Bio-Oss played an important role in the amount of hard tissue fill and osseointegration occurring within marginal bone defects around implants.
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26.
  • Abushahba, Faleh, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of grafting materials on osseointegration of dental implants surrounded by circumferential bone defects : an experimental study in the dog
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : Blackwell Munksgaard. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 19:4, s. 329-334
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIMS: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of gap width and graft placement on bone healing around implants placed into simulated extraction sockets in the mandibles of four beagle dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four Ti-Unite implants (13 mm x 3.3 mm) were placed on each side of the mandible. Three implants were surrounded by a 1.35 mm circumferential and a 5 mm deep gap around the coronal portion of the implants. A fourth implant was inserted conventionally into both sides of the mandibles as a positive control. The gaps were filled with either Bio-Oss, autogenous bone or with a blood clot alone. The study design was balanced for animal, side and modality. Ground sections were prepared from biopsies taken at 3 months, and computer-aided histometric measurements of bone/implant contact and area of bone within threads were made for the coronal 5 mm. Data were analysed using analysis of variance. RESULTS: The mean bone/implant contact was 9.8 mm for the control and ranged from 9.3 to 11.3 mm for the three test modalities. The corresponding values for area within threads were 1 mm(2) and 1-1.2 mm(2). Modality had a significant effect on both bone/implant contact (F=16.9; P<0.0001) and area within threads (F=16.7; P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that both autogenous bone graft and Bio-Oss played an important role in the amount of hard tissue fill and osseointegration occurring within marginal bone defects around implants.
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27.
  • Agerbaek, Mette R, et al. (författare)
  • Comparisons of bacterial patterns present at implant and tooth sites in subjects on supportive periodontal therapy. I. Impact of clinical variables, gender and smoking.
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 17:1, s. 18-24
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: (I) To compare the oral microflora at implant and tooth sites in subjects participating in a periodontal recall program, (II) to test whether the microflora at implant and tooth sites differ as an effect of gingival bleeding (bleeding on probing (BOP)), or pocket probing depth (PPD), and (III) to test whether smoking and gender had an impact on the microflora.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were collected from 127 implants and all teeth in 56 subjects. Microbiological data were identified by the DNA-DNA checkerboard hybridization.RESULTS: PPD> or =4 mm were found in 16.9% of tooth, and at 26.6% of implant sites (P<0.01). Tooth sites with PPD> or =4 mm had a 3.1-fold higher bacterial load than implant sites (mean difference: 66%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 40.7-91.3, P<0.001). No differences were found for the red, orange, green, and yellow complexes. A higher total bacterial load was found at implant sites with PPD> or =4 mm (mean difference 35.7 x 10(5), 95% CI: 5.2 (10(5)) to 66.1 (10(5)), P<0.02 with equal variance not assumed). At implant sites, BOP had no impact on bacterial load but influenced the load at tooth sites (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: BOP, and smoking had no impact on bacteria at implant sites but influenced the bacterial load at tooth sites. Tooth sites harbored more bacteria than implant sites with comparable PPD. The 4 mm PPD cutoff level influenced the distribution and amounts of bacterial loads. The subject factor is explanatory to bacterial load at both tooth and implant sites.
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28.
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29.
  • Albouy, Jean-Pierre, 1969, et al. (författare)
  • Spontaneous progression of peri-implantitis at different types of implants. An experimental study in dogs. I: clinical and radiographic observations.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 1600-0501 .- 0905-7161. ; 19:10, s. 997-1002
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIM: The aim of the present study was to analyze tissue reactions to plaque formation following ligature removal at commercially available implants exposed to experimental peri-implantitis. Material and methods: Six Labrador dogs about 1 year old were used. All mandibular premolars and the three anterior premolars in both sides of the maxilla were extracted. After 3 months four implants representing four different implant systems with different surface characteristics--implant group A (turned), B (TiOblast), C (sandblasted acid-etched; SLA) and D (TiUnite)--were placed in a randomized order in the right side of the mandible. Three months after implant installation experimental peri-implantitis was initiated by placement of ligatures in a submarginal position and plaque accumulation. At week 12, when about 40-50% of the supporting bone was lost, the ligatures were removed. During the subsequent 24-week period plaque accumulation continued. Radiographic and clinical examinations were performed during the 'active breakdown' period (plaque accumulation and ligatures) and the plaque accumulation period after ligature removal. The experiment was terminated at week 36. Results: The bone loss that took place during the 'active breakdown' period varied between 3.5 and 4.6 mm. The additional bone loss that occurred during the plaque accumulation period after ligature removal was 1.84 (A), 1.72 (B), 1.55 (C) and 2.78 mm (D). Conclusion: Spontaneous progression of experimentally induced peri-implantitis occurred at implants with different geometry and surface characteristics. Progression was most pronounced at implants of type D (TiUnite surface).
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30.
  • Albrektsson, Tomas, 1945, et al. (författare)
  • Implant survival and complications. The Third EAO consensus conference 2012.
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 1600-0501 .- 0905-7161. ; 23 Suppl 6, s. 63-5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The task of this working group was to analyze biological, technical and aesthetic complications of single crowns on implants and fixed dental prostheses with or without cantilevers on implants over 5 years or more. In addition, the group analyzed economic aspects on such implant treatment.
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31.
  • Alhag, Mohamed, et al. (författare)
  • Re-osseointegration on rough implant surfaces previously coated with bacterial biofilm : an experimental study in the dog
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 19:2, s. 182-7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to investigate whether osseointegration can occur on rough implant surfaces that previously had been coated with bacterial biofilm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The premolars on both sides of the mandible in four beagle dogs were extracted. Following 3 months healing, three titanium implants Ti-Unite, Nobel Biocare were partially inserted in the left side of each mandible. Some threads protruded from the tissues into the oral cavity. Plaque accumulated on the exposed part of the implant. Following a 5-week healing period, the contaminated parts of each implant were treated using three different techniques: (1) swabbing with citric acid for 30 s followed by rinsing with physiological saline, (2) cleansing with a toothbrush and physiological saline for 1 min, and (3) swabbing with 10% hydrogen peroxide for 1 min followed by rinsing with physiological saline. The treated implants and one pristine implant (control) were installed to the full implant length on the contralateral sides of the mandibles. Following 11 weeks of healing, the dogs were sacrificed and biopsies were obtained. Ground sections were prepared for histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: All treatment modalities were associated with direct bone-to-implant contact on the portion of implant surface previously exposed to the oral environment. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that rough surfaces, which were plaque contaminated and cleaned by different methods, can re-osseointegrate.
  •  
32.
  • Alhag, Mohamed, et al. (författare)
  • Re-osseointegration on rough implant surfaces previously coated with bacterial biofilm : an experimental study in the dog
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : Blackwell Munksgaard. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 19:2, s. 182-7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to investigate whether osseointegration can occur on rough implant surfaces that previously had been coated with bacterial biofilm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The premolars on both sides of the mandible in four beagle dogs were extracted. Following 3 months healing, three titanium implants Ti-Unite, Nobel Biocare were partially inserted in the left side of each mandible. Some threads protruded from the tissues into the oral cavity. Plaque accumulated on the exposed part of the implant. Following a 5-week healing period, the contaminated parts of each implant were treated using three different techniques: (1) swabbing with citric acid for 30 s followed by rinsing with physiological saline, (2) cleansing with a toothbrush and physiological saline for 1 min, and (3) swabbing with 10% hydrogen peroxide for 1 min followed by rinsing with physiological saline. The treated implants and one pristine implant (control) were installed to the full implant length on the contralateral sides of the mandibles. Following 11 weeks of healing, the dogs were sacrificed and biopsies were obtained. Ground sections were prepared for histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: All treatment modalities were associated with direct bone-to-implant contact on the portion of implant surface previously exposed to the oral environment. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that rough surfaces, which were plaque contaminated and cleaned by different methods, can re-osseointegrate.
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33.
  • Araújo, M, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of a xenograft on early bone formation in extraction sockets: an experimental study in dog.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 1600-0501 .- 0905-7161. ; 20:1, s. 1-6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIM: The aim of this study was to study the effect on early bone formation resulting from the placement of a xenograft in the fresh extraction socket in dogs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five beagle dogs were used. The distal roots of the third and fourth mandibular premolars were removed. In one quadrant, a graft consisting of Bio-Oss Collagen was placed in the fresh extraction wound, while the corresponding premolar sites in the contra-lateral jaw quadrant were left non-grafted. After 2 weeks of healing, the dogs were perfused with a fixative, the mandibles removed, the experimental sites dissected, demineralized, sectioned in the mesio-distal plane and stained in hematoxyline-eosine. RESULTS: The central portion of the non-grafted sockets was occupied by a provisional matrix comprised of densely packed connective tissue fibers and mesenchymal cells. Apical and lateral to the provisional matrix, newly formed woven bone was found to occupy most of the sockets. In the apical part of the grafted sockets, no particles of the xenograft could be observed but newly formed bone was present in this portion of the experimental site. In addition, limited numbers of woven bone trabeculae occurred along the lateral socket walls. The central and marginal segments of the grafted sockets, however, were occupied by a non-mineralized connective tissue that enclosed Bio-Oss particles that frequently were coated by multinucleated cells. CONCLUSIONS: The placement of Bio-Oss Collagen in the fresh extraction wound obviously delayed socket healing. Thus, after 2 weeks of tissue repair, only minute amounts of newly formed bone occurred in the apical and lateral borders of the grafted sockets, while large amounts of woven bone had formed in most parts of the non-grafted sites.
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34.
  • Araújo, Mauricio G, 1966, et al. (författare)
  • beta-Tricalcium phosphate in the early phase of socket healing: an experimental study in the dog.
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 1600-0501 .- 0905-7161. ; 21:4, s. 445-54
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: The aim of this experiment was to analyze processes involved in the incorporation of beta-tricalcium phospate (TCP) particles in host tissue during healing following tooth extraction and grafting.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five beagle dogs were used. Four premolars in the maxilla ((3)P(3), (2)P(2)) were hemi-sected, the distal roots were removed and the fresh extraction socket filled with TCP. The tooth extraction and grafting procedures were scheduled in such a way that biopsies representing 1 and 3 days, as well as 1, 2, and 4 weeks of healing could be obtained. Tissue elements such as cells, fibers, vessels, leukocytes and mineralized bone were determined. In deparaffinized sections structures and cells that expressed Tratarate resistant acid phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and osteopontin were identified by the use of markers.RESULTS: The porosities of the TCP particles were initially filled with erythrocytes that subsequently were replaced with mineralized bone. Some of the graft material was invaded by mesenchymal and inflammatory cells and disintegrated. Thus, small membrane bound granules appeared in the granulation tissue and the provisional matrix. In the process of hard tissue formation, partly mineralized (modified) TCP particles became surrounded by ridges of woven bone.CONCLUSIONS: It was demonstrated that the early healing of an extraction socket that had been grafted with beta-TCP involved (i) the formation of a coagulum that was (ii) replaced with granulation tissue and a provisional matrix in which (iii) woven bone could form. In this process the biomaterial was apparently involved.
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35.
  • Araújo, Mauricio G, 1966, et al. (författare)
  • Bio-Oss collagen in the buccal gap at immediate implants: a 6-month study in the dog.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 1600-0501 .- 0905-7161. ; 22:1, s. 1-8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • following tooth extraction and immediate implant installation, the edentulous site of the alveolar process undergoes substantial bone modeling and the ridge dimensions are reduced. objective: the objective of the present experiment was to determine whether the process of bone modeling following tooth extraction and immediate implant placement was influenced by the placement of a xenogenic graft in the void that occurred between the implant and the walls of the fresh extraction socket.
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36.
  • Araújo, Mauricio G, et al. (författare)
  • Dynamics of Bio-Oss Collagen incorporation in fresh extraction wounds: an experimental study in the dog.
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 1600-0501 .- 0905-7161. ; 21:1, s. 55-64
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIM: The objective of this experiment was to analyze processes involved in the incorporation of Bio-Oss Collagen in host tissue during healing following tooth extraction and grafting. METHODS: Five beagle dogs were used. Four premolars in the mandible ((3)P(3), (4)P(4)) were hemi-sected, the distal roots were removed and the fresh extraction socket filled with Bio-Oss Collagen. The mucosa was mobilized and the extraction site was closed with interrupted sutures. The tooth extraction and grafting procedures were scheduled in such a way that biopsies representing 1 and 3 days, as well as 1, 2 and 4 weeks of healing could be obtained. The dogs were euthanized and perfused with a fixative. Each experimental site, including the distal socket area, was dissected. The sites were decalcified in EDTA, and serial sections representing the central part of the socket were prepared in the mesio-distal plane and parallel with the long axis of the extraction socket. Sections were stained in hematoxylin and eosin and were used for the overall characteristics of the tissues in the extraction socket. In specimens representing 1, 2 and 4 weeks of healing the various tissue elements were assessed using a morphometric point counting procedure. Tissue elements such as cells, fibers, vessels, leukocytes and mineralized bone were determined. In deparaffinized sections structures and cells positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity (TRAP), alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin were identified. RESULTS: The biomaterial was first trapped in the fibrin network of the coagulum. Neutrophilic leukocytes [polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells] migrated to the surface of the foreign particles. In a second phase the PMN cells were replaced by multinuclear TRAP-positive cells (osteoclasts). The osteoclasts apparently removed material from the surface of the xenogeneic graft. When after 1-2 weeks the osteoclasts disappeared from the Bio-Oss granules they were followed by osteoblasts that laid down bone mineral in the collagen bundles of the provisional matrix. In this third phase the Bio-Oss particles became osseointegrated. CONCLUSIONS: It was demonstrated that the incorporation of Bio-Oss in the tissue that formed in an extraction wound involved a series of different processes.
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37.
  • Araújo, Mauricio G, et al. (författare)
  • Modeling of the buccal and lingual bone walls of fresh extraction sites following implant installation.
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 17:6, s. 606-14
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the reduction of the alveolar ridge that occurs following tooth extraction and implant placement is influenced by the size of the hard tissue walls of the socket. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six beagle dogs were used. The third premolar and first molar in both quadrants of the mandible were used. Mucoperiostal flaps were elevated and the distal roots were removed. Implants were installed in the fresh extraction socket in one side of the mandible. The flaps were replaced to allow a semi-submerged healing. The procedure was repeated in the contra later side of the mandible after 2 months. The animals were sacrificed 1 month after the final implant installation. The mandibles were dissected, and each implant site was removed and processed for ground sectioning. RESULTS: Marked hard tissue alterations occurred during healing following tooth extraction and implant installation in the socket. The marginal gap that was present between the implant and the walls of the socket at implantation disappeared as a result of bone fill and resorption of the bone crest. The modeling in the marginal defect region was accompanied by marked attenuation of the dimensions of both the delicate buccal and the wider lingual bone wall. Bone loss at molar sites was more pronounced than at the premolar locations. CONCLUSION: Implant placement failed to preserve the hard tissue dimension of the ridge following tooth extraction. The buccal as well as the lingual bone walls were resorbed. At the buccal aspect, this resulted in some marginal loss of osseointegration.
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38.
  • Araújo, Mauricio G, 1966, et al. (författare)
  • Ridge alterations following tooth extraction with and without flap elevation: an experimental study in the dog.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 1600-0501 .- 0905-7161. ; 20:6, s. 545-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Different approaches were advocated to preserve or improve the dimension and contour of the ridge following tooth extraction. In some of studies, socket 'flapless extraction' apparently had a successful outcome. Aim: The objective of the present experiment was to compare hard tissue healing following tooth extraction with or without the prior elevation of mucosal full-thickness flaps. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five mongrel dogs were used. The two second mandibular premolars ((2)P(2)) were hemi-sected. The mesial roots were retained. By random selection the distal root in one side was removed after the elevation of full-thickness flaps while on the contralateral side, root extraction was performed in a flapless procedure. The soft tissue wound was closed with interrupted sutures. After 6 months of healing, the dogs were euthanized and biopsies were sampled. From each experimental site, four ground sections - two from the mesial root and two from the healed socket - were prepared, stained and examined in the microscope. RESULTS: The data showed that the removal of a single tooth (root) during healing caused a marked change in the edentulous ridge. In the apical and middle portions of the socket site minor dimensional alterations occurred while in the coronal portion of the ridge the reduction of the hard tissue volume was substantial. Similar amounts of hard tissue loss occurred during healing irrespective of the procedure used to remove the tooth was, i.e. flapless or following flap elevation. CONCLUSION: Tooth loss (extraction) resulted in marked alterations of the ridge. The size of the alveolar process was reduced. The procedure used for tooth extraction - flapless or following flap elevation - apparently did not influence the more long-term outcome of healing.
  •  
39.
  • Araújo, Mauricio G, 1966, et al. (författare)
  • Ridge preservation with the use of Bio-Oss collagen: A 6-month study in the dog.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 1600-0501 .- 0905-7161. ; 20:5, s. 433-40
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: In previous short-term studies, it was observed that while the placement of biomaterial in alveolar sockets may promote bone formation and ridge preservation, the graft may in fact also delay healing. AIM: The objective of the present experiment was to evaluate the more long-term effect on hard tissue formation and the amount of ridge augmentation that can occur by the placement of a xenogeneic graft in extraction sockets of dogs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five beagle dogs were used. The third mandibular premolars were hemi-sected. The distal roots were carefully removed. A graft consisting of Bio-Oss collagen was placed in one socket while the contra-lateral site was left without grafting. After 6 months of healing, the dogs were euthanized and biopsies were sampled. From each experimental site, four ground sections - two from the mesial root and two from the healed socket - were prepared, stained and examined under a microscope. RESULTS: The placement of Bio-Oss collagen in the fresh extraction socket served as a scaffold for tissue modeling but did not enhance new bone formation. In comparison with the non-grafted sites, the dimension of the alveolar process as well as the profile of the ridge was better preserved in Bio-Oss-grafted sites. CONCLUSION: The placement of a biomaterial in an extraction socket may modify modeling and counteract marginal ridge contraction that occurs following tooth removal.
  •  
40.
  • Araújo, Mauricio G, 1966, et al. (författare)
  • Socket grafting with the use of autologous bone: an experimental study in the dog.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 1600-0501 .- 0905-7161. ; 22:1, s. 9-13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • studies in humans and animals have shown that following tooth removal (loss), the alveolar ridge becomes markedly reduced. Attempts made to counteract such ridge diminution by installing implants in the fresh extraction sockets were not successful, while socket grafting with anorganic bovine bone mineral prevented ridge contraction.
  •  
41.
  • Araújo, Mauricio G, et al. (författare)
  • Tissue modeling following implant placement in fresh extraction sockets.
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 17:6, s. 615-24
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To study whether osseointegration once established following implant placement in a fresh extraction socket may be lost as a result of tissue modeling. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven beagle dogs were used. The third and fourth premolars in both quadrants of the mandible were used as experimental teeth. Buccal and lingual full-thickness flaps were elevated and distal roots were removed. Implants were installed in the fresh extraction socket. Semi-submerged healing of the implant sites was allowed. In five dogs, the experimental procedure was first performed in the right side of the mandible and 2 months later in the left mandible. These five animals were sacrificed 1 month after the final implant installation. In two dogs, the premolar sites on both sides of the mandible were treated in one surgical session and biopsies were obtained immediately after implant placement. All biopsies were processed for ground sectioning and stained. RESULTS: The void that existed between the implant and the socket walls at surgery was filled at 4 weeks with woven bone that made contact with the SLA surface. In this interval, (i) the buccal and lingual bone walls underwent marked surface resorption and (ii) the height of the thin buccal hard tissue wall was reduced. The process of healing continued, and the buccal bone crest shifted further in the apical direction. After 12 weeks, the buccal crest was located>2 mm apical of the marginal border of the SLA surface. CONCLUSION: The bone-to-implant contact that was established during the early phase of socket healing following implant installation was in part lost when the buccal bone wall underwent continued resorption.
  •  
42.
  • Balatsouka, Dimitra, et al. (författare)
  • The impact of nicotine on bone healing and osseointegration.
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 16:3, s. 268-76
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: To examine the short-term effect of nicotine on bone healing and osseointegration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixteen female rabbits were divided into two groups. The test group was exposed to nicotine tartrate for 8 weeks and the control group was exposed to placebo. Nicotine or placebo was administered via a miniosmotic pump and plasma cotinine levels were measured weekly. The pump delivered 15 mg of nicotine/day for the animals in the test group. All rabbits had three tibial bone preparations. In the proximal and distal bone bed, implants were placed after 4 weeks (right tibia) and after 6 weeks (left tibia). Thus, 2- and 4-week healing groups were created. Removal torque test (RMT) was performed at the distal implants. Ground sections were made from the proximal and the central bone beds. The fraction of mineralized bone in contact to the implant (BIC) and the bone density within the implant threads (BD-i) were determined for the bone-implant specimens. For the central bone beds without implants the bone density (BD-c) in the bone defects was determined. RESULTS: No significant difference in RMT values was found between the test and the control group. Histomorphometric measurements of the BIC and the peri-implant BD-i showed no significant differences between the test and the control group after 2 or 4 weeks. Significant differences were, however, found between the 2- and 4-week samples. In the central bone beds, there was no significant difference in BD-c between the test and the control group. CONCLUSION: Nicotine exposure in a short period of time did not have a significant impact on bone healing or implant osseointegration in rabbits.
  •  
43.
  • Ballo, Ahmed, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • Bone response to physical-vapour-deposited titanium dioxide coatings on titanium implants
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 24:9, s. 1009-1017
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between coating thickness and the crystal structure of physical-vapour-deposited (PVD) titanium dioxide coatings, and to evaluate their in vivo biocompatibility. Materials and methods: The PVD TiO 2 coatings of different thickness were deposited on machined titanium grade 2 screw-shaped implants. Non-coated titanium implants were used as controls. Coating properties such as thickness, crystal structure, coating morphology and roughness were characterized. Forty-eight implants were placed randomly into both tibias of 16 rats. The animals were euthanized 7 and 28 days postsurgery and block biopsies were prepared for histology, histomorphometry and SEM analysis. Results: The thicknesses of the PVDTiO 2 coatings were 120 and 1430 nm respectively. Histologically, new bone formed on all implant surfaces. The mean percentage of newly formed bone in contact with the implant (BIC) was significantly higher at early healing time (7 days) for the 120 nm thick PVD coating (39 ± 14%) than for both the 1430 nm thick PVD coating (22 ± 10%) (P = 0.043) and the machined surface (22 ± 9%) (P = 0.028). This difference was no longer evident after 28 days (P = 0.867). Conclusion: Bone formation and bone-to-implant contact are achieved to the same degree for TiO 2 surface modifications prepared by a PVD process as clinically used, machined titanium. Furthermore, a relatively thinner PVD coating promotes a higher degree of bone apposition shortly after implantation, thereby providing rationales for exploring the potential clinical use of these modifications.
  •  
44.
  • Bashara, Haitham, et al. (författare)
  • The effect of permanent grafting materials on the preservation of the buccal bone plate after tooth extraction : an experimental study in the dog
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 23:8, s. 911-917
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a novel bone substitute system (Natix®), consisting of porous titanium granules (PTG) and a bovine-derived xenograft (Bio-Oss®), on hard tissue remodelling following their placement into fresh extraction sockets in dogs. Material and methods: Six modalities were tested; Natix® granules with and without a covering double-layered Bio Gide® membrane; Bio-Oss® with and without a covering double-layered Bio Gide® membrane; and a socket left empty with and without a covering double-layered Bio Gide® membrane. Linear measurements, indicative of buccal bone height loss, and an area measurement indicative of buccal bulk bone loss were made. The statistical analysis was based on the Latin Square design with two blocking factors (dog and site). Tukey's post hoc test was used to adjust for multiple comparisons. Results: Histological observation revealed that while bone formed around both the xenograft and the titanium particles, bone was also noted within titanium granules. Of the five modalities of ridge preservation techniques used in this study, no one technique proved to be superior. Conclusion: The titanium granules were observed to have promising osseoconductive properties.
  •  
45.
  • Bashara, Haitham, et al. (författare)
  • The effect of permanent grafting materials on the preservation of the buccal bone plate after tooth extraction : an experimental study in the dog
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : Blackwell Munksgaard. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 23:8, s. 911-917
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a novel bone substitute system (Natix®), consisting of porous titanium granules (PTG) and a bovine-derived xenograft (Bio-Oss®), on hard tissue remodelling following their placement into fresh extraction sockets in dogs. Material and methods: Six modalities were tested; Natix® granules with and without a covering double-layered Bio Gide® membrane; Bio-Oss® with and without a covering double-layered Bio Gide® membrane; and a socket left empty with and without a covering double-layered Bio Gide® membrane. Linear measurements, indicative of buccal bone height loss, and an area measurement indicative of buccal bulk bone loss were made. The statistical analysis was based on the Latin Square design with two blocking factors (dog and site). Tukey's post hoc test was used to adjust for multiple comparisons. Results: Histological observation revealed that while bone formed around both the xenograft and the titanium particles, bone was also noted within titanium granules. Of the five modalities of ridge preservation techniques used in this study, no one technique proved to be superior. Conclusion: The titanium granules were observed to have promising osseoconductive properties.
  •  
46.
  • Bergkvist, Göran, et al. (författare)
  • Implant-supported Fixed Prostheses in the Edentulous Maxilla. A 2-year Clinical and Radiological Follow-up of Treatment with Non-submerged ITI Implants
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 15:3, s. 351-359
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the survival rate of non-submerged solid-screw ITI dental implants with a rough (titanium plasma sprayed, TPS) surface in the edentulous maxilla after 1 and 2 years of loading. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Twentyfive patients (mean age 64 years) with edentulous upper jaws received five-seven implants and, after a mean healing time of 6.9 months, screw-retained implant-supported fixed prostheses. A total of 146 ITI solid screw TPS implants were inserted. The diameter of 56% of the implants was smaller (3.3 mm) than the standard (4.1 mm) and the diameter of the rest (44%) was standard. The bone quantity of the majority of the patients was low and the bone quality poor. Clinical parameters were registered at baseline and at two annual follow-ups. Radiological examinations and assessments were also made at these times. RESULTS: Mean marginal bone level at baseline was measured at a point 4.52 mm (range 1.45-7.70, SD 1.2) apical of the reference point. Mean bone loss from baseline to 1 year of loading was 0.24 mm (SD 0.9, P=0.002) and from 1 year to 2 years of loading 0.15 mm (SD 0.4, P<0.001). Five implants failed, four of which were early failures prior to loading. One implant failed shortly after bridge installation. The cumulative survival rate was 96.6% after 1 and 2 years. CONCLUSION: ITI TPS solid-screw implants in combination with fixed prostheses had successful survival rates and were found to be a viable treatment alternative in the edentulous maxilla.
  •  
47.
  • Berglundh, Tord, 1954, et al. (författare)
  • Bone healing at implants with a fluoride-modified surface: an experimental study in dogs.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 18:2, s. 147-52
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present experiment was to study early stages of osseointegration to implants with a fluoride-modified surface. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six mongrel dogs, about 1-year old, were used. All mandibular premolars and the first mandibular molars were extracted. Three months later, mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated in one side of the mandible and six sites were identified for implant placement. The control implants (MicroThread) had a TiOblast surface, while the test implants (OsseoSpeed) had a fluoride-modified TiOblast surface. Both types of implants had a similar geometry, a diameter of 3.5 mm and were 8 mm long. Following installation, cover screws were placed and the flaps were adjusted and sutured to cover all implants. Four weeks after the first implant surgery, the installation procedure was repeated in the opposite side of the mandible. Two weeks later, biopsies were obtained and prepared for histological analysis. The void that occurred between the cut bone wall of the recipient site and the macro-threads of the implant immediately following implant installation was used to study early bone formation. RESULTS: It was demonstrated that the amount of new bone that formed in the voids within the first 2 weeks of healing was larger at fluoride-modified implants (test) than at TiOblast (control) implants. It was further observed that the amount of bone-to-implant contact that had been established after 2 weeks in the macro-threaded portion of the implant was significantly larger at the test implants than at the controls. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the fluoride-modified implant surface promotes osseointegration in the early phase of healing following implant installation.
  •  
48.
  • Berglundh, Tord, 1954, et al. (författare)
  • Morphogenesis of the peri-implant mucosa: an experimental study in dogs.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 18:1, s. 1-8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: The objective of the present experiment was to study the morphogenesis of the mucosal attachment to implants made of c.p. titanium. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All mandibular premolars were extracted in 20 Labrador dogs. After a healing period of 3 months, four implants (ITI Dental Implant System) were placed in the right and left sides of the mandible. A non-submerged implant installation technique was used and the mucosal tissues were secured to the conical marginal portion of the implants with interrupted sutures. The sutures were removed after 2 weeks and a plaque control program including daily cleaning of the remaining teeth and the implants was initiated. The animals were sacrificed and biopsies were obtained at various intervals to provide healing periods extending from Day 0 (2 h) to 12 weeks. The mandibles were removed and placed in the fixative. The implant sites were dissected using a diamond saw and processed for histological analysis. RESULTS: Large numbers of neutrophils infiltrated and degraded the coagulum that occupied the compartment between the mucosa and the implant during the initial phase of healing. At 2 weeks after surgery, fibroblasts were the dominating cell population in the connective tissue interface but at 4 weeks the density of fibroblasts had decreased. Furthermore, the first signs of epithelial proliferation were observed in specimens representing 1-2 weeks of healing and a mature barrier epithelium occurred after 6-8 weeks of healing. The collagen fibers of the mucosa were organized after 4-6 weeks of healing. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the soft-tissue attachment to implants placed using a non-submerged installation procedure is properly established after several weeks following surgery.
  •  
49.
  • Berglundh, Tord, 1954, et al. (författare)
  • Spontaneous progression of ligature induced peri-implantitis at implants with different surface roughness: an experimental study in dogs.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 18:5, s. 655-61
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Peri-implantitis is associated with the presence of submarginal plaque, soft-tissue inflammation and advanced breakdown of the supporting bone. The progression of peri-implantitis following varying periods of continuing plaque accumulation has been studied in animal models. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current experiment was to study the progression of peri-implantitis around implants with different surface roughness. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In five beagle dogs, three implants with either a sandblasted acid-etched surface (SLA) or a polished surface (P) were installed bilaterally in the edentulous premolar regions. After 3 months on a plaque control regimen, experimental peri-implantitis was induced by ligature placement and plaque accumulation was allowed to progress until about 40% of the height of the supporting bone had been lost. After this 4-month period, ligatures were removed and plaque accumulation was continued for an additional 5 months. Radiographs of all implant sites were obtained before and after 'active' experimental peri-implantitis as well as at the end of the experiment. Biopsies were harvested and the tissue samples were prepared for light microscopy. The sections were used for histometric and morphometric examinations. RESULTS: The radiographic examinations indicated that similar amounts of bone loss occurred at SLA and P sites during the active breakdown period, while the progression of bone loss was larger at SLA than at polished sites following ligature removal. The histological examination revealed that both bone loss and the size of the inflammatory lesion in the connective tissue were larger in SLA than in polished implant sites. The area of plaque was also larger at implants with an SLA surface than at implants with a polished surface. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the progression of peri-implantitis, if left untreated, is more pronounced at implants with a moderately rough surface than at implants with a polished surface.
  •  
50.
  • Bolind, Pia, 1953, et al. (författare)
  • A descriptive study on retrieved non-threaded and threaded implant designs
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 16:4, s. 447-55
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: In the light microscope compare the amount of bone saucerization for non-threaded cylindrical and threaded implant designs in retrieved samples from patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Consecutively received retrieved oral implants from 117 patients, whereof 85 non-threaded cylindrical and 85 Branemark implants, have been included in the study. For 75 non-threaded cylindrical and 46 Branemark implants was the entire implant length available for calculation. Undecalcified ground sections were investigated in the light microscope with calculation of percentage of implant length coronal to the first bone-implant contact and percentage of bone to implant contact. RESULTS: Mean value for implant length coronal to first bone-implant contact was 65%, standard error of the mean (SEM) 3 (range 0-100%), for non-threaded cylindrical implants and 43%, SEM 6 (range 0-100%) for Branemark implants. Mean values of bone contact along the entire implant length was 23%, SEM 2 (range 0-65%), for the non-threaded cylindrical implants and 33%, SEM 5 (range 0-93%) for the Branemark implants. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this retrospective, retrieval study non-threaded cylindrical implants demonstrated a greater bone saucerization when evaluated in the light microscope.
  •  
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