| 1. |
- Almasri, Fidele, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary Intake of Fructooligosaccharides Protects against Metabolic Derangements Evoked by Chronic Exposure to Fructose or Galactose in Rats
- 2024
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 68:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ScopeDiets rich in fat and sugars evoke chronic low-grade inflammation, leading to metabolic derangements. This study investigates the impact of fructose and galactose, two commonly consumed simple sugars, on exacerbation of the harmful effects caused by high fat intake. Additionally, the potential efficacy of fructooligosaccharides (FOS), a fermentable dietary fiber, in counteracting these effects is examined.Methods and resultsMale Sprague-Dawley rats (six/group) are fed 8 weeks as follows: control 5% fat diet (CNT), 20% fat diet (FAT), FAT+10% FOS diet (FAT+FOS), FAT+25% galactose diet (FAT+GAL), FAT+GAL+10% FOS diet (FAT+GAL+FOS), FAT+25% fructose diet (FAT+FRU), FAT+FRU+10% FOS diet (FAT+FRU+FOS). The dietary manipulations tested do not affect body weight gain, blood glucose, or markers of systemic inflammation whereas significant increases in plasma concentrations of triacylglycerols, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotrasferase are detected in both FAT+FRU and FAT+GAL compared to CNT. In the liver and skeletal muscle, both sugars induce significant accumulation of lipids and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). FOS supplementation prevents these impairments.ConclusionThis study extends the understanding of the deleterious effects of a chronic intake of simple sugars and demonstrates the beneficial role of the prebiotic FOS in dampening the sugar-induced metabolic impairments by prevention of lipid and AGEs accumulation. This rat trial shows the detrimental effects of two commonly consumed simple sugars, fructose and galactose, when added to a fat-enriched diet, as is common in modern Western nutrition. Protective effects of fermentable dietary fiber (FOS) supplementation due to reduced accumulation of AGEs, that are harmful compounds formed when protein or fat combine with sugar, are observed.image
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Kristina E, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary oats and modulation of atherogenic pathways.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4133 .- 1613-4125. ; 56:7, s. 1003-1013
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consumption of oats has long been known to lower plasma total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, an effect usually attributed to the soluble fibers β-glucans. On the basis of this cholesterol-lowering effect, oats are ascribed cardiovascular health-promoting properties. However, besides cholesterol levels, effects of oats on parameters relating to atherosclerosis development have not been extensively investigated. Since oxidation of lipoproteins and inflammation are characteristics of atherosclerosis in addition to lipid accumulation in the vessel wall, micronutrients in oats (phytochemicals) with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties may contribute to an atheroprotective action. Here, we summarize evidence on antiatherogenic properties of oats obtained from in vitro assays, animal experiments, and human studies. Possible effects involving anti-inflammatory and antioxidative actions, as well as preservation of endothelial function, are considered in addition to those related to reduction of plasma cholesterol. Since results of in vitro assays with isolated oat components are difficult to compare with effects of whole oats in humans and experimental animals, more observational studies with isolated oat components or fractions of oats are warranted. Also, there is a lack of epidemiological studies focusing on effects of oat intake on the cardiovascular disease panorama.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Kristina E., et al.
(författare)
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Wholegrain oat diet changes the expression of genes associated with intestinal bile acid transport
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 61:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scope: The molecular mechanisms underlying the cholesterol-lowering properties of oats are only partly known. To study possible pathways involved, we investigated gene expressions in the liver and small intestine of mice fed oats. Method and results: Cholesterol and bile acids were analyzed in plasma and feces from LDL-receptor deficient (LDLr-/-) mice fed Western diet with wholegrain oats. A transcriptome analysis of mRNA from liver and jejunum was performed together with quantitative RT-PCR. Oat-fed mice had lower levels of plasma lipids and increased levels of bile acids and cholesterol in feces compared with controls. Two hundred thirty nine genes in jejunum and 25 genes in liver were differentially expressed (FDR corrected p < 0.05). The most affected biological process in jejunum was lipid biosynthesis and regulation. The apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT, Slc10a) and the intracellular bile acid binding protein (Fabp6) were both upregulated, whereas small heterodimer partner-1 (Shp-1) and apolipoprotein CII (Apoc2) were downregulated. Conclusions: Whole oats attenuated responses typically induced by high-fat diet. Increased expression of genes for intestinal bile acid uptake following oat consumption suggests retention in the gut lumen rather than decreased uptake capacity as cause for the increased bile acid excretion and the concomitant reduction of plasma cholesterol.
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| 4. |
- Axling, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Rye bran alkylresorcinols suppress adipocyte lipolysis and hormone-sensitive lipase activity
- 2011
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4133 .- 1613-4125. ; 55, s. 290-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of alkylresorcinols (ARs) isolated from rye bran on adipocyte lipolysis, hormone-sensitive lipase activity and phosphorylation and on phosphorylation of protein kinase A substrates were studied. Preincubation with ARs for 18 h suppressed catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), a key lipase responsible for stimulated lipolysis, and phosphorylation of protein kinase A substrates, were diminished after preincubation with ARs, whereas HSL protein expression was unaltered. ARs were also shown to inhibit HSL activity in an in vitro assay.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bergkvist, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of questionnaire-based long-term dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls using biomarkers
- 2012
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 56:11, s. 1748-1754
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scope The health consequences of lifelong low-level exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) via food are largely unknown, mainly due to the lack of large population-based prospective studies addressing this issue. We validated long-term food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)-based dietary PCB exposure against concentrations of six PCB congeners in serum. Methods and results Dietary PCB exposure was estimated in the Swedish Mammography Cohort by constructing a recipe-based database of CB-153, an indicator for total PCBs in food. The Spearman rank correlation (adjusted for within-person variability) was assessed between concurrent (20042006), past (1997), and long-term (mean of 1997 and 20042006) FFQ-based dietary PCB exposure, respectively, and the following serum PCB congeners, CB-118, CB-138, CB-153, CB-156, CB-170, and CB-180, in women (5685 years of age, n = 201). The correlation between FFQ-based dietary PCB exposure and serum CB-153 was 0.41 (p < 0.001) for the concurrent (median 1.6 ng/kg body weight) and 0.34 (p < 0.05) for the past (median 2.6 ng/kg body weight) exposure assessment. Long-term validity of FFQ-based PCB estimates and the six serum PCB congeners ranged from 0.30 to 0.58 (p < 0.05). Conclusion FFQ-based PCB exposure estimates show acceptable validity in relation to PCB concentrations in serum, justifying their use in large-scale epidemiological studies.
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| 7. |
- Bjermo, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Serum concentrations of perfluorinated alkyl acids and their associations with diet and personal characteristics among Swedish adults
- 2013
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4133 .- 1613-4125. ; 57:12, s. 2206-2215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ScopeIn this study, food is suggested as a major source of human exposure to perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAA). We investigated relations between serum levels of PFAA in adults and diet/lifestyle factors nationwide in Sweden. Methods and resultsIn 2010-2011, adults (18-80 years, N = 270) recorded their diet for 4 days and answered a food frequency questionnaire. PFAA were measured in blood serum as well as v-3 fatty acids in plasma phospholipids as a biomarker for fish consumption. Higher levels of PFAA were associated with male sex, increased age, and higher education. Women reporting full breastfeeding for 12 months had 32-44% lower levels of perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorooctanoic acid, and perfluorohexane sulfonate than women who never nursed their infants full-time. Serum perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorononanoic acid, perfluorodecanoic acid, and perfluoroundecanoic acid were positively related to n-3 fatty acids in plasma (partial r = 0.19-0.34, p 0.05). ConclusionThe relatively strong correlations between biomarkers of fish consumption and certain PFAA suggest that PFAA exposure should be taken into account in health risk and benefit assessment of fish consumption. Breastfeeding appears to be a major source of elimination of certain PFAA among women, and consequently PFAA exposure of nursed infants could be significant.
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| 8. |
- Bohn, T., et al.
(författare)
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Mind the gap - deficits in our knowledge of aspects impacting bioavailability of phytochemicals and their metabolites - a position paper focusing on carotenoids and polyphenols
- 2015
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4133 .- 1613-4125. ; 59:7, s. 1307-13231-17-1323
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various secondary plant metabolites or phytochemicals, including polyphenols and carotenoids, have been associated with a variety of health benefits, such as reduced incidence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and several types of cancer, most likely due to their involvement in ameliorating inflammatory and oxidative stress. However, discrepancies exist between their putative effects when comparing observational and intervention studies, especially when using pure compounds. These discrepancies may in part be explained by differences in intake levels and their bioavailability. Prior to exerting their bioactivity, these compounds must be made bioavailable, and considerable differences may arise due to their their matrix release, changes during digestion, uptake, metabolism, and biodistribution, even before considering dose and host related factors. Though many insights have been gained on factors affecting secondary plant metabolite bioavailability, many gaps still exist in our knowledge. In this position paper, we highlight several major gaps in our understanding of phytochemical bioavailability, including effects of food processing, changes during digestion, involvement of cellular transporters in influx/efflux through the gastrointestinal epithelium, changes during colonic fermentation, and their phase I and phase II metabolism following absorption.
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| 9. |
- Bondia-Pons, Isabel, et al.
(författare)
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Isoenergetic diets differing in their n-3 fatty acid and polyphenol content reflect different plasma and HDL-fraction lipidomic profiles in subjects at high cardiovascular risk
- 2014
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 58:9, s. 1873-1882
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SCOPE: Dysregulation of lipid homeostasis is related to multiple major healthcare problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of n-3 fatty acid (FA) and polyphenol rich diets on plasma and HDL fraction lipidomic profiles in subjects at high cardiovascular risk.METHODS AND RESULTS: Ultra performance LC coupled to quadrupole TOF/MS mass spectrometry global lipidomic profiling was applied to plasma and HDL fraction from an 8 wk randomized intervention with four isoenergetic diets, differing in their natural n-3 FA and polyphenols content, in 78 subjects with a high BMI, abdominal obesity, and at least one other feature of the metabolic syndrome. Dependency network analysis showed a different pattern of associations between lipidomics, dietary, and clinical variables after the dietary interventions. The most remarkable associations between variables were observed after the diet high in n-3 FA and polyphenols, as the inverse association between gallic acid intake and LDL cholesterol levels, which was indirectly associated with a HDL cluster exclusively comprised lysophospholipids.CONCLUSION: This is the first human randomized controlled trial showing direct and indirect associations with lipid molecular species and clinical variables of interest in the evaluation of the metabolic syndrome after diets naturally rich in polyphenols.
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| 10. |
- Borgen, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Heterocyclic amines in some Swedish cooked foods industrially prepared or from fast food outlets and restaurants
- 2004
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4133 .- 1613-4125. ; 48:4, s. 292-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurate assessment of human intake of mutagenic/carcinogenic heterocyclic ainines (HAs) is necessary for epidemiological studies and future risk assessment. Using questionnaires, the frequency of consumption of specific dishes can be obtained at an individual level and linked to analyzed concentrations of different compounds in corresponding dishes. Some typical Swedish cooked meat dishes, hamburgers and kebab, industrially prepared or from fast food outlets and restaurants, were analyzed regarding their content of 11 different HAs. The amount of each of these compounds was below 0.1 ng/g cooked weight in most of the industrially prepared products. The total amount of HAs was highest in the kebab samples. The intake of HAs from 200 g of the dishes was estimated to range from not detectable levels to 0.6 mug. The results of the present study indicate that the content of HAs in a specific dish may vary with origin, and that the concentrations of HAs in commercial fried meat products are generally low, although some of these food items may contain elevated amounts.
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| 11. |
- Bouckaert, Kimberley P, et al.
(författare)
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Critical evaluation of folate data in European and international databases : recommendations for standardization in international nutritional studies.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 55:1, s. 166-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SCOPE: The objective was to perform an inventory and critical evaluation of folate data in selected European and international databases. The ultimate aim was to establish guidelines for compiling standardized folate databases for international nutritional studies.METHODS AND RESULTS: An ad hoc questionnaire was prepared to critically compare and evaluate folate data completeness, quantification, terminologies, and documentation of 18 European and international databases, and national fortification regulations. Selected countries participated in the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer project and European Food Information Resource Network (EuroFIR). Folate completeness was generally high. "Total folate" was the most common terminology and microbiological assay was the most frequently reported quantification method. There is a lack of comparability within and between databases due to a lack of value documentation, the use of generic or non-appropriate terminologies, folate value conversions, and/or lack of identification of synthetic folic acid.CONCLUSION: Full value documentation and the use of EuroFIR component identifiers and/or INFOODS tagnames for total folate ("FOL") and synthetic folic acid ("FOLAC"), with the additional use of individual folates, will increase comparability between databases. For now, the standardized microbiological assay for total folate and HPLC for synthetic folic acid are the recommended quantification methods.
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| 12. |
- Bryl-Górecka, Paulina, et al.
(författare)
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Bilberry Supplementation after Myocardial Infarction Decreases Microvesicles in Blood and Affects Endothelial Vesiculation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 64:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scope: Diet rich in bilberries is considered cardioprotective, but the mechanisms of action are poorly understood. Cardiovascular disease is characterized by increased proatherogenic status and high levels of circulating microvesicles (MVs). In an open-label study patients with myocardial infarction receive an 8 week dietary supplementation with bilberry extract (BE). The effect of BE on patient MV levels and its influence on endothelial vesiculation in vitro is investigated.Methods and results: MVs are captured with acoustic trapping and platelet-derived MVs (PMVs), as well as endothelial-derived MVs (EMVs) are quantified with flow cytometry. The in vitro effect of BE on endothelial extracellular vesicle (EV) release is examined using endothelial cells and calcein staining. The mechanisms of BE influence on vesiculation pathways are studied by Western blot and qRT-PCR. Supplementation with BE decreased both PMVs and EMVs. Furthermore, BE reduced endothelial EV release, Akt phosphorylation, and vesiculation-related gene transcription. It also protects the cells from P2X(7)-induced EV release and increase in vesiculation-related gene expression.Conclusion: BE supplementation improves the MV profile in patient blood and reduces endothelial vesiculation through several molecular mechanisms related to the P2X(7)receptor. The findings provide new insight into the cardioprotective effects of bilberries.
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| 13. |
- Busquets, Rosa, et al.
(författare)
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Hollow fibre-supported liquid membrane extraction and LC-MS/MS detection for the analysis of heterocyclic amines in urine samples
- 2009
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4133 .- 1613-4125. ; 53:12, s. 1496-1504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are potent mutagens/carcinogens to which humans are frequently exposed through the consumption of cooked meat and fish food. The effect of normal intake of HCAs and their role in the aetiology of human cancer is unknown. To some extent, limitations of the existing analytical methods in monitoring the low levels of HCAs in biological samples have hindered obtaining conclusive results. In this study, a method for the analysis of HCAs in human urine has been studied to detect HCAs and metabolites at levels resulting from consumption of food cooked at ordinary conditions. The analytical method consisted of extraction and clean-Lip by the novel technique liquid-phase microextraction combined with LC-MS/MS. The effect of pH during the extraction and hydrolysis step was examined. High sensitivity was achieved when the extraction was performed in raw urine adjusted to pH 5.5, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine being detected from 2 pg/g urine, levels comparable with a normal exposure. Good reproducibility and repeat-ability was obtained for 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline, below 9% using isotopic dilution. The performance of the method on 9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-(5-hydroxy)phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine was also studied.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Fängström, Britta, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane in milk from Stockholm mothers, 1980-2004.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 52, s. 187-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental and human exposures to brominated flame retardants (BFR) have been of emerging concern since some BFR are persistent and bioaccumulative compounds. Among those, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) have frequently been reported in low to high ng/g concentrations in human blood around the world while hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) only occasionally has been reported and then in the low ppb concentrations in human blood. The present study concerns PBDE congener and HBCDD concentrations in human milk from Stockholm from 1980 to 2004. HBCDD concentrations has increased four to five times since 1980 until 2002 but seems to have stabilized at this concentration in the last years (2003/04). Similarly, BDE-153 has continued to increase at least to 2001, after which it has stabilized in the mother's milk. Other PBDE congeners with four to five bromine substituents peaked 5 years earlier (1995) and are all decreasing. DecaBDE (BDE-209) is not a suitable biomarker for time trend studies according to the present results, showing no changes over time. This is likely due to its short apparent half-life in humans and poor transfer from blood to milk.
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| 16. |
- Ghaffarzadegan, Tannaz, et al.
(författare)
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Postprandial Responses of Serum Bile Acids in Healthy Humans After Ingestion of Turmeric Before Medium /High‐Fat Breakfasts
- 2019
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4133 .- 1613-4125.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scope: Bile acids (BAs) are known to regulate a number of metabolic activities in the body. However, very little is known about how BAs are affected by diet. This study aimed to investigate whether a single-dose of turmeric-based beverage (TUR) before ingestion of medium- (MF) or high-fat (HF) breakfasts would improve the BA profile in healthy subjects. Methods and results: Twelve healthy subjects were assigned to a randomized crossover single-blind study. The subjects received iso-caloric MF or HF breakfasts after a drink containing flavored water with or without an extract of turmeric with at least one-week wash-out period between the treatments. Postprandial BAs were measured using protein precipitation followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (UHPLC-MS). The concentration of BAs was generally higher after HF than MF breakfasts. Ingestion of TUR before MF breakfast increased the serum concentrations of free and conjugated forms of cholic and ursodeoxycholic acids, as well as the concentrations of chenodeoxycholic acid and its taurine-conjugated form. However, the concentration of conjugated forms of deoxycholic acid decreased when TUR was taken before HF breakfast. Conclusion: TUR ingestion before MF and HF breakfasts improved BA profiles and may therefore have potential health-promoting effects on BA metabolism.
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| 17. |
- Hanhineva, Kati, et al.
(författare)
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Discovery of urinary biomarkers of whole grain rye intake in free-living subjects using non-targeted LC-MS metabolite profiling
- 2015
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 59:11, s. 2315-2325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SCOPE: Whole grain (WG) intake is associated with decreased risk of developing colorectal cancer, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and its comorbidities. However, the role of specific grains is unclear. Moreover, intake of specific WG is challenging to measure accurately with traditional dietary assessment methods. Our aim was to use non-targeted metabolite profiling to discover specific urinary biomarkers for WG rye to objectively reflect intake under free-living conditions.METHODS AND RESULTS: WG rye intake was estimated by weighed food records, and 24 h urine collections were analyzed by LC-MS. Multivariate modelling was undertaken by repeated double cross-validated partial least squares regression against reported WG rye intake, which correlated well with multivariate prediction estimates (r = 0.67-0.80, p<0.001), but not with intakes of WG wheat or oats. Hydroxyhydroxyphenyl acetamide (HHPA) sulfate, 3,5-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (DHPPA) sulfate, caffeic acid sulfate and hydroxyphenyl acetamide (HPAA) sulfate were among the 20 features which had the greatest potential as intake biomarkers of WG. In addition, three compounds exhibited MS/MS fragmentation of carnitine structures.CONCLUSION: With this non-targeted approach, we confirmed the specificity of alkylresorcinol metabolites as biomarkers for WG rye intake, but also discovered other compounds that should be evaluated as putative biomarkers in future studies.
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| 18. |
- Hyötyläinen, Tuulia, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Lipidomics in nutrition and food research
- 2013
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 57:8, s. 1306-1318
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lipids are a diverse class ofmetabolites that play several key roles in the maintenance of human health. Lipidomics, which focuses on the global study of molecular lipids in cells, tissues, and biofluids, has been advancing rapidly over the past decade. Recent developments in MS and computational methods enable the lipid analysis with high throughput, resolution, sensitivity, and ability for structural identification of several hundreds of lipids. In nutrition research, lipidomics can be effectively used to elucidate the interactions between diet, nutrients, and human metabolism. Lipidomics can also be applied to optimize the effects of food processing on the dietary value, and in the evaluation of food-related health effects.
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| 19. |
- Hålldin, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Factors Explaining Interpersonal Variation in Plasma Enterolactone Concentrations in Humans
- 2019
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 63:16
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignans are diphenolic plant compounds with potential health modulating properties that are absorbed to the circulation and metabolized to the enterolignans enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL) by gut microbiota. Epidemiological studies have inconsistently shown that a high lignan intake and circulating ENL are associated with reduced risk of breast-, prostate-, and colorectal cancer as well as cardiovascular disease and total and cause-specific mortality. Inconsistencies can be due to interpersonal variation of ENL formation or responses. The aim of this review is to identify and evaluate the impact of factors influencing variability in plasma concentrations of the main enterolignan, ENL. The main determinants of plasma ENL concentrations are intake of lignan and lignan-rich foods, composition and activity of intestinal microflora, antimicrobial use, nutrient intake, BMI, smoking, sex, and age. Composition and activity of the intestinal microbiota appear to be the most critical factor governing interpersonal variability in plasma ENL concentration followed by the use of antibiotics. Future studies with combined data from gut microbiota and metabolomics with food intake and life style data can be used to estimate the relative contribution of the different factors to ENL concentration in quantitative terms.
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| 20. |
- Knol, Jeroen J, et al.
(författare)
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A study on the use of empirical models to predict the formation of acrylamide in potato crisps
- 2008
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4133 .- 1613-4125. ; 52:3, s. 313-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formation of acrylamide in potato crisps was fitted by empirical mathematical models. Potato slices were fried under the same experimental conditions for different times. Besides the content of precursors in the raw potato slices, acrylamide and water content in the potato crisps were quantified after predetermined times (2-6 min). The temperature developments in the surrounding oil and outer cell layer of the potato slices were monitored, giving more insight in the frying process and making future comparisons between studies possible. The pattern found for the formation of acrylamide, which was similar to earlier studies, was fitted to three empirical models. Statistical methods were used to compare the performance of the models, with the "Logistic-Exponential" and "Empirical" model performing equally well. The obtained model parameters were in the range of earlier reported studies, although this comparison is not unequivocal as the experimental conditions differed between studies. The precision of parameter estimates was problematic; this should be improved by better experimental design. Nevertheless, the approach of this study will make it possible to truly compare acrylamide formation patterns and model parameters in the future, with the ability to develop a tool to predict acrylamide formation in potato crisps.
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| 21. |
- Koistinen, Ville M., et al.
(författare)
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Metabolite pattern derived from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum : fermented rye foods and in vitro gut fermentation synergistically inhibits bacterial growth
- 2022
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 66:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scope: Fermentation improves many food characteristics using microbes, such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Recent studies suggest fermentation may also enhance the health properties, but mechanistic evidence is lacking. We aimed to identify a metabolite pattern reproducibly produced during sourdough and in vitro colonic fermentation of various whole-grain rye products and how it affects the growth of bacterial species of potential importance to health and disease.Methods and results: We used Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DSMZ 13890 strain, previously shown to favour rye as its substrate. Using LC-MS metabolomics, we found seven microbial metabolites commonly produced during the fermentations, including dihydroferulic acid, dihydrocaffeic acid, and five amino acid metabolites, and stronger inhibition was achieved when exposing the bacteria to a mixture of the metabolites in vitro compared to individual compound exposures.Conclusion: Our study suggests that metabolites produced by LAB may synergistically modulate the local microbial ecology, such as in the gut. This could provide new hypotheses on how fermented foods influence human health via diet–microbiota interactions.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Lee, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Milk Fat Globule Membrane as a Modulator of Infant Metabolism and Gut Microbiota : A Formula Supplement Narrowing the Metabolic Differences between Breastfed and Formula-Fed Infants
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 65:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scope Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is an important component of milk that has previously been removed in the manufacture of infant formulas, but has recently gained attention owing to its potential to improve immunological, cognitive, and metabolic health. The goal of this study is to determine whether supplementing MFGM in infant formula would drive desirable changes in metabolism and gut microbiota to elicit benefits observed in prior studies. Methods and Results The serum metabolome and fecal microbiota are analyzed using H-1 NMR spectroscopy and 16S rRNA gene sequencing respectively in a cohort of Chinese infants given a standard formula or a formula supplemented with an MFGM-enriched whey protein fraction. Supplementing MFGM suppressed protein degradation pathways and the levels of insulinogenic amino acids that are typically enhanced in formula-fed infants while facilitating fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis, a feature that may favor brain development. MFGM supplementation did not induce significant compositional changes in the fecal microbiota but suppressed microbial diversity and altered microbiota-associated metabolites. Conclusion Supplementing MFGM in a formula reduced some metabolic gaps between formula-fed and breastfed infants.
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| 24. |
- Li, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Human Milk Oligosaccharides Protect against Necrotizing Enterocolitis by Activating Intestinal Cell Differentiation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : WILEY. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 64:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scope Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal emergency and currently the leading cause of mortality in preterm infants. Recent studies show that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) reduce the frequency and incidence of NEC; however, the molecular mechanisms for their protection are largely unexplored. Methods and results To address this gap, a genome-wide profiling of the intestinal epithelial transcriptome in response to HMOs using RNA-sequencing is performed. It is found that HMOs alter the host transcriptome in 225 unique target genes pertaining to cell proliferation and differentiation, including upregulation of stem cell differentiation marker HMGCS2. To validate these results, differentiation in Caco-2Bbe1 (Caco-2) intestinal cells is verified by Alcian Blue staining and transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) recordings. Furthermore, an in vivo model of NEC is also employed whereby neonatal pups are gavage fed HMOs. Interestingly, HMOs-fed pups show enhanced cell MUC2 differentiation and HMGCS2 expression. Conclusions These findings demonstrate HMOs protect against NEC in part by altering the differentiation of the crypt-villus axis. In addition, this study suggests that pooled HMOs directly induce a series of biological processes, which provide mechanistic insights to how HMOs protect the host intestine.
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| 25. |
- Li, Huiping, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Ultra-Processed Food Intake with Cardiovascular And Respiratory Disease Multimorbidity : A Prospective Cohort Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4133 .- 1613-4125. ; 67:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SCOPE: Evidence suggests a positive association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to investigate associations between UPF intake and respiratory disease, CVD, and their multimorbidity in a large prospective cohort.METHODS AND RESULTS: Within the UK Biobank, participants who were free from respiratory disease or CVD at baseline and completed at least two times 24-h dietary records were included in this study. After adjusting for socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for each ten percent increase in UPF were 1.06 (1.04, 1.09) for CVD, 1.04 (1.02, 1.06) for respiratory disease, 1.15 (1.08, 1.22) for CVD mortality, and 1.06 (1.01, 1.12) for their multimorbidity, respectively. In addition, replacing 20% of UPF weight in diet with an equivalent proportion of unprocessed or minimally processed foods was estimated to be associated with 11% lower risk of CVD, 7% lower risk of respiratory disease, 25% lower risk of CVD mortality and 11% lower risk of CVD and respiratory disease multimorbidity.CONCLUSION: In this prospective cohort study, higher consumption of UPF was associated with higher risks of CVD and respiratory disease multimorbidity. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our findings. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 26. |
- Li, Wenyun, et al.
(författare)
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Personalized microbial fingerprint associated with differential glycemic effects of a whole grain rye intervention on Chinese adults
- 2024
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scope: This study aims to identify the gut enterotypes that explain differential responses to intervention with whole grain rye by proposing an “enterotype - metabolic” model.Methods and results: A 12-week randomized controlled trial is conducted in Chinese adults, with 79 subjects consuming whole grain products with fermented rye bran (FRB) and 77 consuming refined wheat products in this exploratory post-hoc analysis. Responders or non-responders are identified according to whether blood glucose decreased by more than 10% after rye intervention. Compared to non-responders, responders in FRB have higher baseline Bacteroides (p < 0.001), associated with reduced blood glucose (p < 0.001), increased Faecalibacterium (p = 0.020) and Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG.003 (p = 0.022), as well as deceased 7β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (p = 0.033) after intervention. The differentiated gut microbiota and metabolites between responders and non-responders after intervention are enriched in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis.Conclusion: The work confirms the previously suggested importance of microbial enterotypes in differential responses to whole grain interventions and supports taking enterotypes into consideration for improved efficacy of whole grain intervention for preventing type 2 diabetes. Altered short-chain fatty acids and bile acid metabolism might be a potential mediator for the beneficial effects of whole grain rye on glucose metabolism.
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| 27. |
- Liu, Haoyu, et al.
(författare)
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High-Fat Diet Enriched with Bilberry Modifies Colonic Mucus Dynamics and Restores Marked Alterations of Gut Microbiome in Rats
- 2019
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : WILEY. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 63:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scope Emerging evidence suggests that high-fat diet (HFD) is associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis and related disorders. Bilberry is a prebiotic food component with known health benefits. Herein, the dynamics of the colonic mucus layer and microbiome during HFD and bilberry supplementation are addressed. Methods and results The effects on colonic mucus thickness in vivo and gut microbiota composition (Illumina sequencing, quantitative real-time PCR) are investigated in young rats fed a low-fat diet or HFD with or without bilberries for 8 weeks (n = 8). HFD induced significant local colonic effects, despite no observed weight gain or systemic inflammation, as HFD causes epithelial upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, which is counteracted by bilberry. The firmly adherent mucus layer becomes thicker and the mRNA levels of Muc2 and Tff3 are increased by HFD with or without bilberry. In parallel, HFD reduced the colonic abundance of mucolytic bacterial species Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides spp. Finally, bilberry prevents HFD-induced microbiota dysbiosis, including expansion of pathobionts, for example, Enterobacteriaceae. Conclusion HFD expand firmly adherent mucus thickness and reduce mucus-foraging bacteria populations in the colon prior to obesity. Enriching HFD with bilberry protects against intestinal inflammation and marked microbiota encroachment.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Malin, Steven K, et al.
(författare)
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A Whole-Grain Diet Increases Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion Independent of Gut Hormones in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 63:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The effect of whole-grain (WG) versus refined-grain (RG) diets on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and β-cell function is unclear. Methods: In a double-blind crossover randomized controlled trial, 13 prediabetic adults (37.2 ± 1.8 y, BMI: 33.6 ± 1.4 kg m −2 , 2 h glucose: 146.9 ± 11.6 mg dL −1 ) are provided isocaloric-matched WG and RG diets for 8-weeks each, with an 8–10 week washout between diets. Glucose, insulin, and C-peptide are studied over 240 min following a 75 g OGTT. Incretins (GLP-1 and GIP), PYY, and total ghrelin are assessed at 0, 30, and 60 min. Mixed-meal diets for carbohydrate (54%), fat (28%), and protein (18%) contain either WG (50 g/1000 kcal) or equivalent RG. Results: Both diets induce fat loss (≈2 kg). While neither diet impacts early phase GSIS, the WG diet increases total GSIS (iAUC of C-peptide 0-240 /Glc 0-240 , p = 0.02) and β-cell function (disposition index; GSIS × insulin sensitivity, p = 0.02). GIP and PYY are unaltered by either diet, but GLP-1 is higher at 30 min following RG versus WG (p = 0.04). Ghrelin levels are higher at 60 min of the OGTT following both interventions (p = 0.01). Conclusion: A WG-rich diet increases β-cell function independent of gut hormones in adults with prediabetes.
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| 32. |
- Manach, Claudine, et al.
(författare)
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Addressing the inter-individual variation in response to consumption of plant food bioactives: Towards a better understanding of their role in healthy aging and cardiometabolic risk reduction.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular nutrition & food research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4133 .- 1613-4125. ; 61:6
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioactive compounds in plant-based foods have health properties that contribute to the prevention of age-related chronic diseases, particularly cardiometabolic disorders. Conclusive proof and understanding of these benefits in humans is essential in order to provide effective dietary recommendations but, so far, the evidence obtained from human intervention trials is limited and contradictory. This is partly due to differences between individuals in the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of bioactive compounds, as well as to heterogeneity in their biological response regarding cardiometabolic health outcomes. Identifying the main factors underlying inter-individual differences, as well as developing new and innovative methodologies to account for such variability constitute an overarching goal to ultimately optimize the beneficial health effects of plant food bioactives for each and every one of us. In this respect, this position paper from the COST Action FA1403-POSITIVe examines the main factors likely to affect the individual responses to consumption of plant food bioactives and presents perspectives for assessment and consideration of inter-individual variability.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Merlin, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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Could burning fat start with a brite spark? Pharmacological and nutritional ways to promote thermogenesis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 60:1, s. 18-42
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are two types of adipose tissue with distinct functions-white adipose tissue stores chemical energy as triglycerides, whereas brown adipose tissue consumes energy and releases heat (thermogenesis) in response to sympathetic nerve activity. In humans, treatments that promote greater brown adipose tissue deposition and/or activity would be highly beneficial in regimes aimed at reducing obesity. Adult humans have restricted populations of prototypical brown adipocytes in the neck and chest areas, but recent advances have established that adipocytes with similar properties, termed brite adipocytes, can be recruited in subcutaneous depots thought to be primarily white adipose tissue. These brite adipocytes express the protein machinery required for thermogenesis, but to assess brite adipocytes as viable therapeutic targets we need to understand how to promote conversion of white adipocytes to brite adipocytes and ways to increase optimal energy consumption and thermogenesis in these brite adipocytes. This can be accomplished by pharmacological and nutritional therapies to differing degrees, as reviewed in detail here.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Myhrstad, Mari C. W., et al.
(författare)
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Healthy Nordic Diet Modulates the Expression of Genes Related to Mitochondrial Function and Immune Response in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome-A SYSDIET Sub-Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 63:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scope To explore the effect of a healthy Nordic diet on the global transcriptome profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of subjects with metabolic syndrome. Methods and results Subjects with metabolic syndrome undergo a 18/24 week randomized intervention study comparing an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet with an average habitual Nordic diet served as control (SYSDIET study). Altogether, 68 participants are included. PBMCs are obtained before and after intervention and total RNA is subjected to global transcriptome analysis. 1302 probe sets are differentially expressed between the diet groups (p-value < 0.05). Twenty-five of these are significantly regulated (FDR q-value < 0.25) and are mainly involved in mitochondrial function, cell growth, and cell adhesion. The list of 1302 regulated probe sets is subjected to functional analyses. Pathways and processes involved in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, immune response, and cell cycle are downregulated in the healthy Nordic diet group. In addition, gene transcripts with common motifs for 42 transcription factors, including NFR1, NFR2, and NF-kappa B, are downregulated in the healthy Nordic diet group. Conclusion These results suggest that benefits of a healthy diet may be mediated by improved mitochondrial function and reduced inflammation.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Nilsson, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of the 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzotiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric reducing anti-oxidant power (FRAP) methods to asses the total antioxidant capacity in extracts of fruit and vegetables
- 2005
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4133 .- 1613-4125. ; 49:3, s. 239-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comparison was made on the use of two spectrophotometric methods, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method and the 2,2 '-azinobis-3-ethylbenzotiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) method, for the measurement of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of plant foods. The correlations of TAC measured by the two methods were highly significant in both water-soluble (r(2) = 0.90) and water-insoluble extracts (r(2) = 0.98) from 13 strawberry samples. Also a corresponding comparison of TAC in extracts from 14 plant species showed high correlation coefficients, r(2) = 0.98 for water-soluble extracts and r(2) = 0.88 for water-insoluble extracts. The ratio of TAC values obtained with the two methods (ABTS/FRAP) varied between 0.7 and 3.3 for different plant extracts indicating that they contained antioxidants with varying reactivity in the two methods. TACs in six pure antioxidant substances were ranked in the following order by both methods: quercetin > ferulicacid > catechin > rutin > caffeicacid > Trolox = chlorogenic acid. The two methods showed similar TAC values for quercetin, rutin, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid while ferulic acid and catechin gave higher results with the ABTS method than with the FRAP method, and such differences probably explain the varying ratios of ABTS/FRAP obtained in foods. Regarding storage TAC in water-soluble strawberry extracts stored at -20 or -80 degrees C was stable for at least five months while storage at 4 degrees C decreased the TAC value with 40% during five weeks of storage. The study showed that both the ABTS and FRAP methods can be used for convenient monitoring of the antioxidant capacities in fruit and vegetables, and that different antioxidants had varying reactivity in the two methods.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Omar, Adila, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of High Intakes of Fructose and Galactose, with or without Added Fructooligosaccharides, on Metabolic Factors, Inflammation, and Gut Integrity in a Rat Model
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 65:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scope A high fructose and galactose intake show adverse metabolic effects in animal models and in humans, but it is yet unknown if addition of fermentable dietary fiber can mitigate such effects. This study investigate the effects of high intakes of fructose and galactose, with/without added fructooligosaccharides (FOS), on metabolic factors, inflammation, and gut integrity markers in rats. Methods and Results Rats (n = 6/group) receive different carbohydrates at isocaloric conditions for 12 weeks as follows: 1) starch (control), 2) fructose, 3) galactose, 4) starch + FOS (FOS control), 5) fructose + FOS, and 6) galactose + FOS, together with a high amount of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) in all diets except for in 7) starch + olive oil (negative control). The rats fed the galactose and galactose + FOS diets exhibit lower body weight than other groups. High-galactose diets has more pronounced effects on metabolic factors and gut permeability than high-fructose diets. High-fructose diets show less pronounced effect on these selected markers. No differences in inflammatory markers are detected for any of the diets. Conclusions The results suggest potential adverse effects of high galactose and fructose on metabolic factors and gut integrity markers, but not on inflammation. However, several mechanisms are at play, and general net effects are difficult to determine conclusively for the conditions tested.
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| 44. |
- Penarrieta, Mauricio, et al.
(författare)
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Total antioxidant capacity and content of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in canihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule): An Andean pseudocereal
- 2008
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4133 .- 1613-4125. ; 52:6, s. 708-717
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total phenolic compounds (TPH), total flavonoids (TF) and individual phenolic compounds were determined in canihua collected at approx. 3850 in altitude. The TAC values varied among samples from 2.7 to 44.7 by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method and from 1.8 to 41 by the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) method expressed as mu mol of Trolox equivalents/g dw. The content of TPH was 12.4-71.2 mu mol gallic acid equivalents/g dw and that of the TF ranged between 2.2 and 11.4 mu mol of catechin equivalents/g dw. The data obtained by the four methods showed several significant Correlations. Prior to analysis by HPLC, the samples were subjected to acid hydrolysis and in the water-soluble extracts this led to an up to 20-fold increase in the TAC values in comparison with the values of the nonhydrolysed samples. HPLC analysis showed the presence of eight major compounds identified as catechin gallate, catechin, vanillic acid, kaempferol, ferulic acid, quercetin, resorcinol and 4-methylresorcinol. Their estimated contribution to the TAC value (FRAP method) indicated that resorcinols contributed most of the antioxidant capacity of the water-soluble extract. The results show that canihua is a potential source of natural antioxidant compounds and other bioactive compounds which can be important for human health.
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| 45. |
- Perez-Martinez, Pablo, et al.
(författare)
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Insulin receptor substrate-2 gene variants in subjects with metabolic syndrome : Association with plasma monounsaturated and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels and insulin resistance
- 2012
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 56:2, s. 309-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scope: Several insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) polymorphisms have been studied in relation to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. To examine whether the genetic variability at the IRS-2 gene locus was associated with the degree of insulin resistance and plasma fatty acid levels in metabolic syndrome (MetS) subjects.Methods and results: Insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, glucose effectiveness, plasma fatty acid composition and three IRS-2 tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined in 452 MetS subjects. Among subjects with the lowest level of monounsaturated (MUFA) (below the median), the rs2289046 A/A genotype was associated with lower glucose effectiveness (p < 0.038), higher fasting insulin concentrations (p < 0.028) and higher HOMA IR (p < 0.038) as compared to subjects carrying the minor G-allele (A/G and G/G). In contrast, among subjects with the highest level of MUFA (above the median), the A/A genotype was associated with lower fasting insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR, whereas individuals carrying the G allele and with the highest level of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (above the median) showed lower fasting insulin (p < 0.01) and HOMA-IR (p < 0.02) as compared with A/A subjects.Conclusion: The rs2289046 polymorphism at the IRS2 gene locus may influence insulin sensitivity by interacting with certain plasma fatty acids in MetS subjects.
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| 46. |
- Ramakers, Julian D., et al.
(författare)
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Fecal water from ileostomic patients consuming oat beta-glucan enhances immune responses in enterocytes
- 2007
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4133 .- 1613-4125. ; 51:2, s. 211-220
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Yeast, fungal, and dietary beta-glucans have immune-modulating effects in vitro and in vivo, as thought, mainly by affecting leukocytes; however, effects of oat beta-glucan on enterocytes have never been studied. As recognized, supplying oat beta-glucans as such to cells in culture directly is difficult because of solubility problems. Therefore, six ileostomic patients consumed, in random order, a control diet or an oat beta-glucan enriched diet (5 g) and from the collected ileostomic content, fecal water was prepared and added to two small intestinal cell lines (INT407, Caco-2) and two colon cell lines (HT29, T84) together with a cytokine cocktail (IL-IP + 1NF gamma + TNF alpha). Several parameters reflecting immune-modulation were measured. As compared to placebo fecal water, P-glucan enriched fecal water significantly increased IL-8 production in HT29 (5.0%; p = 0.046) and INT407 cells (22.0%; p=0.028). Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression increased in T84 (11.0%; p = 0.028) and Caco-2 cells (20.4%; p = 0.075). These immune-stimulating effects were confirmed by enhancement of inflammatory expression profiles, as determined with an antibody array. Our findings show immune enhancement by fecal water from ileostomic patients consuming oat P-glucan both in small intestinal and colon cell lines after stimulation, which is in agreement with documented effects in leukocytes. Whether these immune-stimulating effects on enterocytes contribute to the enhanced protection of the host against invading pathogens as observed both in animals and in humans, as well as the underlying mechanism, needs further evaluation.
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| 47. |
- Raza, Ghulam Shere, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Aerobic Exercise and Time-Restricted Feeding on Metabolic Markers and Circadian Rhythm in Mice Fed with the High-Fat Diet
- 2024
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 68:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scope: Diet and exercise are significant players in obesity and metabolic diseases. Time-restricted feeding (tRF) has been shown to improve metabolic responses by regulating circadian clocks but whether it acts synergically with exercise remains unknown. It is hypothesized that forced exercise alone or combined with tRF alleviates obesity and its metabolic complications.Methods and resultsMale C57bl6 mice are fed with high-fat or a control diet for 12 weeks either ad libitum or tRF for 10 h during their active period. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice are divided into exercise (treadmill for 1 h at 12 m min(-1) alternate days for 9 weeks and 16 m min(-1) daily for the following 3 weeks) and non-exercise groups. tRF and tRF-Ex significantly decreased body weight, food intake, and plasma lipids, and improved glucose tolerance. However, exercise reduced only body weight and plasma lipids. tRF and tRF-Ex significantly downregulated Fasn, Hmgcr, and Srebp1c, while exercise only Hmgcr. HFD feeding disrupted clock genes, but exercise, tRF, and tRF-Ex coordinated the circadian clock genes Bmal1, Per2, and Rev-Erb alpha in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscles. Conclusion: HFD feeding disrupted clock genes in the peripheral organs while exercise, tRF, and their combination restored clock genes and improved metabolic consequences induced by high-fat diet feeding.
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| 48. |
- Rohn, Isabelle, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of Caenorhabditis elegans with Small Selenium Species Enhances Antioxidant Defense Systems
- 2019
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : WILEY. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 63:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ScopeSmall selenium (Se) species play a key role in Se metabolism and act as dietary sources of the essential trace element. However, they are redox-active and trigger pro- and antioxidant responses. As health outcomes are strongly species-dependent, species-specific characteristics of Se compounds are tested in vivo. Methods and resultsIn the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), immediate and sustained effects of selenite, selenomethionine (SeMet), and Se-methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys) are studied regarding their bioavailability, incorporation into proteins, as well as modulation of the cellular redox status. While all tested Se compounds are bioavailable, only SeMet persistently accumulates and is non-specifically incorporated into proteins. However, the protection toward chemically-induced formation of reactive species is independent of the applied Se compound. Increased thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD) activity and changes in mRNA expression levels of antioxidant proteins indicate the activation of cellular defense mechanisms. However, in txnrd-1 deletion mutants, no protective effects of the Se species are observed anymore, which is also reflected by differential gene expression data. ConclusionSe species protect against chemically-induced reactive species formation. The identified immediate and sustained systemic effects of Se species give rise to speculations on possible benefits facing subsequent periods of inadequate Se intake.
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| 49. |
- Sang, S. M., et al.
(författare)
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The Chemistry behind Health Effects of Whole Grains
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 61:7 (SI), s. Article no 1770074 -
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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