| 1. |
- Hilber, Isabel, et al.
(författare)
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THE DIFFERENT FACES OF BIOCHAR : CONTAMINATION RISK VERSUS REMEDIATION TOOL
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management. - : Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. - 1648-6897 .- 1822-4199. ; 25:2, s. 86-104
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article reviews the different aspects of biochar as source and sink of organic and inorganic contaminants. Biochar can contain organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or heavy metals. As the distribution coefficients of the biochar especially for contaminants are high, the freely dissolved concentrations are low and with that also the bioavailability. The link between biochar's inherent contaminants and toxicity to soil meso- and macro-fauna remains unclear, with data being often contradictory and influenced by feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. The biochar's potential to remediate contaminated soils has mainly been addressed in lab studies, but rarely in the field. This far, results have been contradicting. Many studies reported successful immobilization of contaminants but some not. In summary, the ambivalent face of the biochar with regard to contaminants prevails. In future, long term field studies are needed to properly address the sustainability of biochar in this respect.
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| 2. |
- Kumpiene, Jurate, et al.
(författare)
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Immobilization of contaminants from bottom ashes : the role of soil organic matter
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management. - 1648-6897 .- 1822-4199. ; 11:1, s. 14-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The utilization of bottom ashes from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) in road constructions might cause environmental problems due to the release of toxic metals. The present work is aimed at studying the suitability of soil as a treatment facility of metals leached out from bottom ashes. A laboratory experiment with three types of soil (forest soil, peat and mould soil), and with sand as a reference substrate, was performed to determine the binding capacity of each substrate towards heavy metals, such as Cu and Cr(VI). The results indicated that all the substrates were capable of removing on average 99,3 % of Cu from the solution, while only peat showed a high retention of Cr(VI) (96,2 %). The retention of Cr(VI) was directly proportional to the soil organic matter (SOM) content, while the retention of Cu had no correlation with the SOM of the substrates. A high retention of Cu shown by sand was due to its high content of pH which could favor the precipitation of Cu(OH)2. A synergetic effect of Cu on the retention of Cr(VI) by sand and mould was detected, i.e. increasing concentrations of Cu in the solution increased the retention of Cr. In all the other cases there was no statistically significant interaction between the retention of Cu and Cr(VI) by the analysed substrates.
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| 3. |
- Laturnus, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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Organic waste products in agriculture - Monitoring the waste constituents phthalate esters in soil-crop system by gas chromatography and ion trap tandem mass spectrometry
- 2007
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT. - 1648-6897. ; 15:4, s. 253-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method is described for monitoring phthalate esters in organic waste products, agricultural soil and crops. Solvent extraction, Ultra Turrax homogenisation and sonification were used to isolate the compounds from the sample matrices. Solid phase extraction was applied for purification, and gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for identification. With the method, six phthalate esters were determined in different matrices. The detection limits were in the range of 1 to 10 mu g kg(-1) wet weight, except for DEHP, which had a detection limit approaching 100 mu g kg(-1) wet weight. Repeatabilities were from 5 to 20% relative standard deviation. Recoveries were from 6 to 100%, depending on the compound analysed. However, except for the polar phthalates DMP and DEP, the recoveries were above 70%. The method feasibility was demonstrated in an investigation of the occurrence of phthalate esters in barley, rape, carrots, agricultural soil, aerobic and anaerobic sludge, household compost and pig manure.
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| 4. |
- Tian, Changqing, et al.
(författare)
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Future Homes with the Application of Ancient Building Experience, New Structural Techniques, and Natural Energy Consumption
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management. - : Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. - 1648-6897 .- 1822-4199. ; 31:4, s. 255-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyses some characteristics of ancient construction and clarifies how they used renewable energy in their homes. This article analyzes ancient houses that were nature-oriented and used renewable energy. This study focuses on the structural system of ancient houses in Sistan. It dissects the structural elements of the old homes. The autopsy of the ancient house structure of Sistan shows the reader the techniques used in ancient architecture to provide energy. The research methods of this article are to examine the energy supply experiences of houses in the form of a case study of an old Sistan house to discover their energy-supplying techniques. This article uses the techniques used in Sistani houses with the application of modern house-building technologies, to develop a nature-oriented model. In fact, the model presented in this article is a modernized version of the ancient house of Sistan. This model gives a house completely friendly to nature and the environment and knowledge-oriented. The model contributes to housing programs addressing new requirements. Our proposed housing model and its general principles are replicable in other regions globally to use green energy sustainably.
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| 5. |
- Wallin, Mats
(författare)
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ASSESSMENT OF NITROGEN POLLUTION REDUCTION OPTIONS IN THE RIVER NEMUNAS (LITHUANIA) USING FYRISNP MODEL
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management. - : Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. - 1648-6897 .- 1822-4199. ; 21, s. 141-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper quantifies and discusses diffuse and point sources total nitrogen (TN) inputs as well as retention and TN reduction options in the catchment of the main Lithuanian River Nemunas. Modelled average TN export between 2000-2006 from the River Nemunas catchment to the Baltic Sea was 37620 tonnes TN yr (1) according to the data oriented FyrisNP model. Loads of TN from diffuse and point sources as well as retention have been estimated for five subcatchments of the River Nemunas including the external load from Belarus. Agriculture contributes 74.6 to 89.5% of the TN load, increasing with the percentage of arable land and load from point sources. The main point source input is poorly treated wastewater at Kaunas city. The contribution from forest land to the TN load increases from 2.2% to 15.8% with an increase in forest land from 28.5 to 56.9% of the total subcatchments area. The highest retention of TN (30.7%) was observed in the Neris river subcatchment with the lowest hydraulic load (5.55 m yr (1)). Scenario modelling suggests that the reduction target for Lithuania for nitrogen input to the Baltic Sea by 11700 tonnes can be achieved by installing biological treatment in sewage treatment plants in all district cities and by converting 20% of arable land to pastures or implementation of other equivalent measures in agriculture. Assessment of the FyrisNP model results shows that the model can be successfully applied for river basin management planing in catchments outside the area where the model originally has been developed.
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| 6. |
- Yao, Zigang, et al.
(författare)
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Analyzing land use types’ effects on lst using the gwr model and case studies in beijing
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management. - : Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. - 1648-6897 .- 1822-4199. ; 31:3, s. 196-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of urbanization and the transformation of green lands into impermeable land increase temperature and create urban heat islands (UHIs). Our observations with remote sensing instruments of Landsat platforms show considerable changes in land use types in Beijing city with the shrinking of green lands, expansion of built envi-ronments, and a slight increase in the temperature during the recent four decades. Using remote sensing instruments of Landsat platforms and registered data from two meteorological stations in Beijing, this study finds the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and the increasing conversion of cultivated lands into built-up areas. This article presents innovative research that shows the mutual correlation well and recommends revisions in the land use policies for better weather. The geographically weighted regression model (GWR) with a Gaussian weighting kernel function analyzes the impact of various urban land use types on the LST and the increase UHIs. In Beijing city, green lands show fewer standard deviations (SD) in the average temperatures equal to 0.109, while the industrial spaces exhibit a high SD equal to 0.212. The outcomes of this paper contribute to finding optimal land use policies everywhere in the world with the increasing urbanization through simulating its model for a more comfortable life.
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