| 1. |
- Amiri, Kaveh, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of upstream flow conditions on runner pressure fluctuations
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics. - : Isfahan University of Technology. - 1735-3572 .- 1735-3645. ; 10:4, s. 1045-1059
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rotor-stator interaction and the corresponding pressure fluctuations represent one of the sources of pressure and load fluctuations on the rotating parts of rotating machineries. The high-Reynolds flow is subject to rotation in the comparably large vaneless space of axial turbines, causing wake interaction and wake dissipation in this region. This increases the level of flow complexity in this region. This study examined the effect of the flow condition entering the spiral casing on the flow condition within the distributor and the runner and the physical source of pressure fluctuations exerted on the runner of a Kaplan turbine model. Simulations were performed within the water supply system, including the upstream tank, penstock, and the Francis turbines, the level of entering the spiral casing; the results were compared with laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) results. The results were considered as the inlet boundary condition for simulation of the turbine model from the spiral inlet to the draft tube outlet to investigate the flow condition within the distributor and the runner. The CFD simulations showed that the water supply system induces inhomogeneity to the velocity distribution at the spiral inlet. However, the flow condition does not affect the pressure fluctuations exerted on the runner blades due to the rotor-stator interactions. Moreover, the dominant frequencies exerted on the runner blades were accurately approximated although the amplitudes of the fluctuations were underestimated.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bucur, Diana Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Maximum pressure evaluation during expulsion of entrapped air from pressurized pipelines
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics. - : Isfahan University of Technology. - 1735-3572 .- 1735-3645. ; 10:1, s. 11-20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pressurized pipeline systems may have a wide operating regime. This paper presents the experimental analysis of the transient flow in a horizontal pipe containing an air pocket, which allows the ventilation of the air after the pressurization of the hydraulic system, through an orifice placed at the downstream end. The measurements are made on a laboratory set-up, for different supply pressures and various geometries of water column length, air pocket and expulsion orifice diameter. Dimensional analysis is carried out in order to determine a relation between the parameters influencing the maximum pressure value. A two equations model is obtained and a criterion is established for their use. The equations are validated with experimental data from the present laboratory set-up and with other data available in the literature. The results presented as nondimensional quantities variations show a good agreement with the previous experimental and analytical researches.
|
|
| 3. |
- Dunca, Georgiana, et al.
(författare)
-
On The Use of the Water Hammer Equations with Time Dependent Friction During a Valve Closure, for Discharge Estimation
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics. - : Academic World Research. - 1735-3572 .- 1735-3645. ; 9:5, s. 2427-2434
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper presents a new method for in site discharge estimation in pressured pipes. The method consists in using the water hammer equations solved with the method of characteristics with an unsteady friction factor model. The differential pressure head variation measured during a complete valve closure is used to derive the initial flow rate, similarly to the pressure-time (Gibson) method. The method is validated with a numerical experiment, and tested with experimental laboratory measurements. The results show that the proposed method can reduce the discharge estimation error by 0.6% compared to the standard pressure-time (Gibson) method for the flow rate investigation.
|
|
| 4. |
- Gradin, Per, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
-
A Note on the Co-linearity of forces and Displacements in an Elastic Structure
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics. - : ASME International. - 1735-3572 .- 1735-3645 .- 0021-8936 .- 1528-9036. ; 78:6, s. Art. no. 4003912-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Theconditions under which force vectors and corresponding displacement vectors becomeco-linear are investigated under the assumption of a linear elasticstructure and for an arbitrary number of loading points. Itis shown that there exist an infinite number of directionsalong which the load and displacement vectors in each loadingpoint coincide. Moreover, the problem of co-linearity is analogous tothe problem of finding the extreme values of the workperformed on an elastic structure under the constraint that eachforce has a given magnitude. The result for a finitenumber of loading points is extended to a continuous loaddistribution on the boundary of an elastic structure, i.e., itis possible to find an infinite number of load distributionssuch that the displacement in a point on the boundaryis co-linear with the boundary stress vector in that samepoint.
|
|
| 5. |
- Iovanel, Raluca Gabriela, et al.
(författare)
-
Study on the Accuracy of RANS Modelling of the Turbulent Flow Developed in a Kaplan Turbine Operated at BEP. Part 1 - Velocity Field
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics. - : Physics Society of Iran. - 1735-3572 .- 1735-3645. ; 12:5, s. 1449-1461
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the accuracy of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence modelling applied to complex industrial applications. In the context of the increasing instability of the energy market, hydropower plants are frequently working at off-design parameters. Such operation conditions have a strong impact on the efficiency and life span of hydraulic turbines. Therefore, research is currently focused on improving the design and increasing the operating range of the turbines. Numerical simulations represent an accessible and cost efficient alternative to model testing. The presented test case is the Porjus U9 Kaplan turbine model operated at best efficiency point (BEP). Both steady and unsteady numerical simulations are carried out using different turbulence models: k-epsilon, RNG k-epsilon and k-omega Shear Stress Transport (SST). The curvature correction method applied to the SST turbulence model is also evaluated showing nearly no sensitivity to the different values of the production correction coefficient Cscale. The simulations are validated against measurements performed in the turbine runner and draft tube. The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental time-dependent velocity profiles. The advantages and limitations of RANS modelling are discussed. The most accurate results were provided by the simulations using the k-epsilon and the SST-CC turbulence models but very small differences were obtained between the different tested models. The precision of the numerical simulations decreased towards the outlet of the computational domain. In a companion paper, the pressure profiles obtained numerically are investigated and compared to experimental data.
|
|
| 6. |
- Iovanel, Raluca Gabriela, et al.
(författare)
-
Study on the Accuracy of RANS Modelling of the Turbulent Flow Developed in a Kaplan Turbine Operated at BEP. Part 2 - Pressure Fluctuations
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics. - : Physics Society of Iran. - 1735-3572 .- 1735-3645. ; 12:5, s. 1463-1473
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the paper is to investigate the limitations of unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations of the flow in an axial turbine. The study is focused on modelling the pressure pulsations monitored on the runner blades. The scanned blade geometry renders the meshing process more difficult. As the pressure monitor points are defined on the blade surface the simulation relies on the wall functions to capture the flow and the pressure oscillations. In addition to the classical turbulence models, a curvature correction model is evaluated aiming to better capture the rotating flow near curved, concave wall boundaries. Given the limitations of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes models to predict pressure fluctuations, the Scale Adaptive Simulation-Shear Stress Transport (SAS-SST) turbulence model is employed as well. The considered test case is the Porjus U9, a Kaplan turbine model, for which pressure measurements are available in the rotating and stationary frames of reference. The simulations are validated against time-dependent experimental data. Despite the frequencies of the pressure fluctuations recorded on the runner blades being accurately captured, the amplitudes are considerably underestimated. All turbulence models estimate the correct mean wall pressure recovery coefficient in the upper part of the draft tube.
|
|
| 7. |
- Johansson, Simon, et al.
(författare)
-
Gas and particle flow in a spray roaster
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics. - 1735-3572 .- 1735-3645. ; 7:2, s. 187-196
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the steel industry, waste hydrochloric acid is produced through the process to pickle steel slabs for removal of corrosion. Regenerated hydrochloric acid is obtained by separating the chloride gas from the waste product through spray roasting. This process also produces a by-product in the form of iron oxide which is sold to different industries. The present study is a continuation of a study arising from the need to better understand the dynamics inside the regeneration reactor, which in turn will improve possibilities to optimize the regeneration process, which to date has been manually adjusted by trial and error. In this study the velocity and temperature distribution inside the reactor is numerically modelled together with the droplet motion through the reactor. The main objective is to investigate the influence of a changed spray nozzle position on the flow characteristics of the continuous and dispersed phase, and the relation between temperature and energy efficiency and the regeneration process. Numerical models of the type of flow present in the regeneration reactor are not represented to any major extent in the literature, making the present study relevant to the engineers and researchers active in the steel industry and the application in question.
|
|
| 8. |
- Khayamyan, Shervin, et al.
(författare)
-
Interaction between the flow in two nearby pores within a porous material during transitional and turbulent flow
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics. - 1735-3572 .- 1735-3645. ; 8:2, s. 281-290
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transition from laminar to turbulent flow in porous media is studied with a pore doublet model consisting of pipes with different diameter. The pressure drop over all pipes is recorded by pressure transducers for different flow rates. Results show that the flow in the parallel pipes is redistributed when turbulent slugs pass through one of them and six different flow zones were identified by studying the difference between the Re in the parallel pipes. Each flow zone starts when the flow regime of one of the pipe changes. Transitional flow of each pipe increases the correlation between different pipes pressure drop fluctuations. Frequency analysis of the pressure drops show that the larger pipe makes the system to oscillate by the presence of turbulent patches in its flow. However, when the flow in the smaller pipe enters into the transitional zone the larger pipe starts to follow the fluctuations of the smaller pipe.
|
|
| 9. |
- Kumar, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Flow Field Analysis of Francis Turbine Draft Tube using POD at Design and Part Load Operating Conditions
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics. - : Isfahan University of Technology. - 1735-3572 .- 1735-3645. ; 17:4, s. 770-784
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hydraulic turbines, especially Francis turbines, frequently run at part load (PL) conditions to meet the dynamic energy needs. The flow field at the runner exit changes significantly with a change in the operating point. At PL, flow instabilities such as the Rotating Vortex Rope (RVR) form in the draft tube of the Francis turbine. The present paper compares the features of the velocity and vorticity field of the Francis turbine draft tube at the best efficiency point (BEP) and PL operations using the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) of the 2D-PIV data. The POD analysis decomposes the flow field into coherent and incoherent structures describing the spatiotemporal behavior of the flow field. A visual representation of the coherent structures and the turbulent length scales in the flow field is extracted and analyzed for BEP and PL, respectively. The study highlights the salient features of the draft tube flow field, which differentiate the BEP and PL operation. The fast Fourier transform of the temporal coefficients confirms the presence of RVR frequency (0.29 times the runner frequency) at PL. The phase portraits of different modes elucidate the relationship between different harmonics of the RVR frequency at PL.
|
|
| 10. |
- Larsson, I. A. Sofia, et al.
(författare)
-
Visualization of merging flow by usage of PIV and CFD with application to grate-kiln induration machines
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics. - 1735-3572 .- 1735-3645. ; 5:4, s. 81-89
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One way to upgrade iron ore is to process it into pellets. Such a process includes several stages involving complex fluid dynamics. In this work, focus is on the grate-kiln pelletizing process and especially on the rotary kiln, with the objective to get a deeper understanding of the aerodynamics in order to improve the combustion. A down-scaled, simplified model of the real kiln is created and both numerical and experimental analyses of the flow field are performed. Conclusions are that steady state simulations can be used to get an overview over the main features of the flow field. Precautions should though be taken when analyzing the recirculation zone since steady state simulations do not capture the transient, oscillating behavior of the flow seen in the physical experiment. These oscillations will under certain conditions considerably affect the size of the recirculation zone.
|
|
| 11. |
- Lundström, T. Staffan, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of Guiding Device for Downstream Fish Migration with In-field Particle Tracking Velocimetry and CFD
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics. - : Academic World Research. - 1735-3572 .- 1735-3645. ; 8:3, s. 579-589
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of a fish guiding device located just upstream a hydropower plant is scrutinized. The device is designed to redirect surface orientated down-stream migrating fish (smolts) away from the turbines towards a spillway that act as a relatively safe fishway. Particles are added up-stream the device and the fraction particles going to the spillway is measured. A two-frame Particle Tracking Velocimetry algorithm is used to derive the velocity field of the water. The experimental results are compared to simulations with CFD. If the smolts move passively as the particles used in the study the guiding device works very well and some modifications may optimize its performance. In-field Particle Tracking Velocimetry is a suitable technique for the current case and the results compare well with numerical simulations.
|
|
| 12. |
- Sadrizadeh, Sasan, et al.
(författare)
-
Numerical, Experimental and Analytical Studies on Fluid Flow through a Marsh Funnel
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics. - : ISFAHAN UNIV TECHNOLOGY. - 1735-3572 .- 1735-3645. ; 10:6, s. 1501-1507
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the application of computational fluid dynamics technique in civil and underground industries to evaluate fluid behaviour in a Marsh funnel. The numerical approach, based on computational fluid dynamics, simulated an incompressible two-phase Newtonian flow by means of the Volume-of-Fluid method. A complementary analytical proposed which provided a quick, field-ready method to assess the fluid field in the Marsh funnel. A supplemental experimental effort evaluated the results obtained from both the analytical calculation and numerical simulation. Results showed that the application of computational fluid dynamics technique gives the desired results in studying fluid flows in civil and underground industries. Proposed analytical solution is also capable of accurately predicting the fluid flow and thus can complement the experimental and numerical approaches. Further, the proposed analytical approach can be an alternative method for faster evaluation of fluid, although it needs to be calibrated with either the numerical or the experimental studies.
|
|
| 13. |
- Salehi, Saeed, et al.
(författare)
-
Computation of Developing Turbulent Flow through a Straight Asymmetric Diffuser with Moderate Adverse Pressure Gradient
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics. - : Isfahan University of Technology. - 1735-3572 .- 1735-3645. ; 10:4, s. 1029-1043
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, numerical investigation of three-dimensional, developing turbulent flow, subjected to a moderate adverse pressure gradient, has been investigated using various turbulence models, namely: the low-Re k -ε, the SST k - ω, the v2 - f and a variant of Reynolds stress model. The results are compared with the detailed velocity and pressure measurements. Since the inlet condition is uncertain, a study was first performed to investigate the sensitivity of the results to the inlet boundary condition. The results showed the importance of including the contraction effects. It is seen that the developing flow inside the straight duct, is highly sensitive to the inlet boundary condition. The comparisons indicate that all turbulence models are able to predict a correct trend for the centerline velocity and pressure recovery inside the straight duct and diffuser but the low-Re k -ε and RSM turbulence models yield more realistic results. The SST k - ω model largely overpredicts the centerline velocity and boundary layer thickness in the straight duct. The comparisons of the numerical results also revealed that the RSM model, due to its anisotropic formulation, is able to reproduce the secondary flows. As expected, the RSM model demonstrates the best performance in prediction of the flow field and pressure recovery in the asymmetric diffuser.
|
|
| 14. |
- Tabatabaei, Narges, et al.
(författare)
-
Investigation of the numerical methodology of a model wind turbine simulation
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics. - : Isfahan University of Technology. - 1735-3572 .- 1735-3645. ; 11:3, s. 527-544
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present work aims to investigate different methodologies for the numerical simulation of an upwind three-bladed wind turbine; which is supposed to be a base model to simulate icing in cold climate windmills. That is a model wind turbine for which wind tunnel tests have been completed at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). Using the assumption of axisymmetry, one-third of rotor has been modeled and periodic boundaries applied to include the effects of other blades. Then the full rotor was studied with transient simulation. To take in the effects of wind turbine wakes, the wind tunnel entrance and exit have been considered 4 and 5 diameters upstream and downstream of the rotor plane, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of tower and nacelle are included in a full-scale transient model of the wind tunnel. Structured hexa mesh has been created and the mesh is refined up to y+=1 in order to resolve the boundary layer. The simulations were performed using standard k-e, Shear Stress Transport (SST) model and a sophisticated model Scale-Adaptive Simulation (SAS)-SST to investigate the capability of turbulence models at design and off-design conditions The performance parameters, i.e., the loads coefficients and the wake behind the rotor were selected to analyze the flow over the wind turbine. The study was conducted at both design and offdesign speeds. The near wake profiles resulted from the transient simulation match well with the experiments at all the speed ranges. For the wake development modelling at high TSR, the present simulation needs to be improved, while at low and moderate TSR the results match with the experiments at far wake too. The agreement between the measurements and CFD is better for the power coefficient than for the thrust coefficient
|
|
