| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Fogelkvist, Maria, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Acceptance and commitment therapy to reduce eating disorder symptoms and body image problems in patients with residual eating disorder symptoms : A randomized controlled trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: Body image. - : Saunders Elsevier. - 1740-1445 .- 1873-6807. ; 32, s. 155-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body image problems are central aspects of eating disorders (ED), and risk factors both for the development of and relapse into an ED. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) aims at helping patients accept uncomfortable internal experiences while committing to behaviors in accordance with life values. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of a group intervention, consisting of 12 sessions, based on ACT to treatment as usual (TAU) for patients with residual ED symptoms and body image problems. The study was a randomized controlled superiority trial. Patients with residual ED symptoms and body image problems were recruited from a specialized ED clinic in Sweden. The final sample consisted of 99 women, randomized to ACT or TAU. At the two-year follow-up, patients who received ACT showed a significant greater reduction in ED symptoms and body image problems and received less specialized ED care than patients in TAU. In conclusion, ACT was superior in reducing ED symptoms and body image problems.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Johnson, Shevaugn, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for perfectionism : Targeting dysmorphic concern
- 2019
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Ingår i: Body image. - : Elsevier BV. - 1740-1445 .- 1873-6807. ; 30, s. 44-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perfectionism is an important transdiagnostic risk factor for several psychopathologies. As such, treatments targeting perfectionism have gained increased attention over recent years. While perfectionism is postulated to be an important underlying mechanism for dysmorphic concern, no research has explored the benefits of targeting perfectionism to reduce dysmorphic concern. The current study evaluated the use of Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for perfectionism (ICBT-P) with 31 participants (28 women) with high levels of dysmorphic concern to examine the impact on perfectionism, dysmorphic concern, body image disturbance, negative affect, and selective attention towards appearance-based stimuli. Using a case series design, observations were collected at baseline, at the end of a 4-week pre-treatment phase, after the 8-week ICBT-P, and 1-month post-treatment. Intent-to-treat analyses showed significant improvement from baseline to end-of-treatment and follow-up on most of the variables, with a large effect size decrease in dysmorphic concern, and decreased selective attention to BDD-body, BDD-positive, and BDD-negative words. The results of this study support the use of ICBT-P as an efficacious treatment worthy of further examination in populations who experience high levels of dysmorphic concern.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Kling, Johanna, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences of appearance conversations among young people living with a visible difference
- 2024
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Ingår i: BODY IMAGE. - 1740-1445 .- 1873-6807. ; 49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stigmatisation surrounding having a visible difference to the face or body may have a marked impact on how young people communicate about appearance. The aim of our study was therefore to explore the experiences of appearance conversations among young people living with a visible difference. Interviews were conducted with 32 young people (mean age 14.1 years; 67.7% girls), with a condition resulting in a visible difference (e.g., craniofacial condition or scarring). Using reflexive thematic analysis, we identified three themes. Importance of Safety and Understanding reflects the importance of feeling safe in order to be able to talk about appearance. Participants described appearance conversations as often originating in their need for emotional support or practical assistance when encountering difficulties (Conversations When in Need of Support), but appearance was also experienced as a sensitive topic that was difficult to talk about (Avoiding Appearance Conversations). Our results highlight the importance of creating spaces where young people with a visible difference feel safe to bring up the topic of appearance when in need of support. Elements that facilitate such conversations include others having knowledge about the condition and having one's feelings and experiences validated instead of minimised.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Lemoine, J E, et al.
(författare)
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Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 among adolescents and young adults in Danish, Portuguese, and Swedish
- 2018
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Ingår i: Body image. - 1740-1445 .- 1873-6807. ; 26, s. 1-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, the study of body image shifted from focusing on the negative aspects to a more extensive view of body image. The present study seeks to validate a measure of positive body image, the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2; Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015a) in Denmark, Portugal, and Sweden. Participants (N = 1012) were adolescents and young adults aged from 12 to 19. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the one-dimensional factor structure of the scale. Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the scale was invariant across sex and country. Further results showed that BAS-2 was positively correlated with self-esteem, psychological well-being, and intuitive eating. It was negatively correlated with BMI among boys and girls in Portugal but not in Denmark and Sweden. Additionally, boys had higher body appreciation than girls. Results indicated that the BAS-2 has good psychometric properties in the three languages.
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| 12. |
- Lemoine, J E, et al.
(författare)
-
Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 among adolescents and young adults in Danish, Portuguese, and Swedish
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Body Image. - : Elsevier BV. - 1740-1445 .- 1873-6807. ; 26, s. 1-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, the study of body image shifted from focusing on the negative aspects to a more extensive view of body image. The present study seeks to validate a measure of positive body image, the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2; Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015a) in Denmark, Portugal, and Sweden. Participants (N = 1012) were adolescents and young adults aged from 12 to 19. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the one-dimensional factor structure of the scale. Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the scale was invariant across sex and country. Further results showed that BAS-2 was positively correlated with self-esteem, psychological well-being, and intuitive eating. It was negatively correlated with BMI among boys and girls in Portugal but not in Denmark and Sweden. Additionally, boys had higher body appreciation than girls. Results indicated that the BAS-2 has good psychometric properties in the three languages.
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| 13. |
- Lunde, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Unexcused absence from physical education in elementary school. On the role of autonomous motivation and body image factors.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Body image. - : Elsevier. - 1740-1445 .- 1873-6807. ; 45, s. 229-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical education (PE) is an essential school subject due to its potential to promote well-being and health in all children. Yet, PE stands out among other subjects in terms of truancy. This study is one of the first to examine if unexcused absence from PE is associated with early adolescents' body image and autonomous motivation towards PE. A total of 526 Swedish 6th graders (Mage = 12.28, SD = 0.31) reported the frequency of unexcused absence from PE and answered questions about aesthetic and functional body image, social physique anxiety, and autonomous motivation. Findings showed that unexcused absence from PE was associated with less autonomous motivation and higher social physique anxiety. Participants who had never been absent reported higher functional body image investment and satisfaction. Analyses showed that whereas the aesthetic aspects of body image were associated with decreased autonomous motivation toward PE, functional aspects predicted higher autonomous motivation. The study sheds novel light on the links between absence from PE, body image, and autonomous motivation. As absence may have real-life practical effects for school achievement, health, and well-being, the findings demonstrate the importance of mitigating social physique anxiety and promoting an inclusive and body positive PE context early on.
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| 14. |
- Sundgot-Borgen, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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The Norwegian healthy body image intervention promotes positive embodiment through improved self-esteem
- 2020
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Ingår i: Body image. - : Elsevier. - 1740-1445 .- 1873-6807. ; 35, s. 84-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined both direct and indirect effects of the Healthy Body Image (HBI) intervention on positive embodiment among Norwegian high school students. In total, 2446 12th grade boys (43 %) and girls (mean age 16.8 years) from 30 schools participated in a cluster-randomized controlled study with the HBI intervention and a control condition as the study arms. We tested mediation models using path analysis and found that among several hypothesized mediators, only self-esteem mediated a positive intervention effect on positive embodiment for both boys and girls. A direct effect of the intervention on positive embodiment was only found in girls. The study provides novel findings indicating that health promotion interventions to address a positive embodiment should focus on enhancing adolescent's selfesteem. Serial mediation modeling might reveal more complex explanations of change mechanisms and could further evolve current knowledge.
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| 15. |
- Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., et al.
(författare)
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Is a female physical empowerment campaign effective in improving positive body image, motivation for physical activity, and physical activity behavior in young female adults? A two-study experimental test of "This Girl Can"
- 2022
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Ingår i: Body image. - : Elsevier. - 1740-1445 .- 1873-6807. ; 42, s. 150-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This Girl Can is a campaign designed to empower women to increase physical activity. The campaign uses images/videos of women of diverse body weights/shapes, ages and ethnicities being physically active, emphasizing body functionality. First, we examined the effects of multi-session (N = 3) exposures to This Girl Can on body functionality, body appreciation and self-compassion (Study 1). Second, we explored if autonomous motivation for physical activity mediated effects of This Girl Can on physical activity (Study 2). Women (Study 1: N = 186, M (SD) age = 27.55 (14.01); Study 2: N = 153, M (SD) age = 28.31 (11.70)) were randomized to This Girl Can, or control videos/images depicting idealized women of thin/athletic body types being physically active (Study 1), or control videos highlighting physical activity benefits (Study 2). Outcomes were measured at baseline, post-test and 1-week follow-up. Study 1 results showed significant group by time interactions for body functionality (decreasing in the control group), body appreciation and self-compassion (both increased only in the experimental conditions). In Study 2, path analysis revealed no statistically significant mediation effect (ab = 13.18, 95 % CI [−107.92, 152.59]) of autonomous motivation. Future interventions designed to promote positive body image and self-compassion should incorporate media focusing on diverse women engaging in self-chosen physical activity.
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| 16. |
- Welch, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Body Shape Questionnaire : Psychometric properties of the short version (BSQ-8C) and norms from the general Swedish population.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Body image. - : Elsevier BV. - 1740-1445 .- 1873-6807. ; 9:4, s. 547-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need for brief, sensitive, and reliable instruments for contextual assessment of body dissatisfaction. Suitable selection and optimal use of psychological assessment instruments requires appropriate psychometric as well as normative data. Two studies were conducted to investigate the psychometric properties and collect general population norms for a short, eight item version of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-8C). In the first study, a sample of undergraduate students (N=182) was recruited to investigate the psychometric properties of the BSQ-8C, while in the second study a sample from the general population of Swedish women aged 18-30 years (N=747) was used to collect norms. The test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and convergent validity for BSQ-8C were high. Given the questionnaire's briefness and good psychometric properties, particularly when used in conjunction with norms, the BSQ-8C is considered a valuable instrument for measuring body shape dissatisfaction among young adult women.
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| 17. |
- Wiggins, Sally, Dr, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Can you pull it off? : Appearance modifying behaviours adopted by wig users with alopecia in social interactions
- 2014
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Ingår i: Body image. - : Elsevier. - 1740-1445 .- 1873-6807. ; 11, s. 156-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the academic and medical literature on alopecia, wigs (hair prostheses) are typically recommended as a coping strategy: a device to camouflage, conceal, or cover hair loss, and cope with the psychological impact of a dramatic change in body image. This paper used Goffman's (1959) theory of impression management to demonstrate (a) the social significance of self-presentation, and (b) how adults with alopecia managed their wig use in their daily lives. Data from 14 interviews, two focus groups and six video diaries with 22 Caucasian adults (19 females, 3 males; 29-74 years, SD= 13.75) with alopecia in Scotland were analysed using discursive psychology. The analysis detailed how participants managed their wig use and behaviours in relation to social interaction with different categories of people. The paper raises concerns about health and medical discourse about wigs as a coping mechanism, and provides practical suggestions for wig users in social settings
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| 18. |
- Yu, Jeong Jin
(författare)
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Trajectories of body dissatisfaction among South Korean youth : Findings from a nationally representative sample
- 2016
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Ingår i: Body image. - : Elsevier BV. - 1740-1445 .- 1873-6807. ; 19, s. 186-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study aimed to identify qualitatively different classes of growth trajectories of body dissatisfaction and to investigate the antecedents associated with the classes. The survey included a nationally representative sample of 2844 Korean children who started Grade 4 (younger cohort) and 3449 adolescents who began Grade 8 (older cohort) at baseline. Participants completed self-report surveys across five or six measurement periods separated by 1 year each. General growth mixture modeling was used and results revealed several distinct longitudinal patterns. Findings from this study clearly suggest the importance of early intervention efforts. Interventions aimed at boosting autonomy may be valuable in reducing body dissatisfaction among children. The findings also highlight the critical importance of parent-child connectedness and friendship closeness in the success of the intervention.
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| 19. |
- Alleva, Jessica M., et al.
(författare)
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What can my body do vs. how does it look?: A qualitative analysis of young women and men's descriptions of their body functionality or physical appearance
- 2019
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Ingår i: Body Image. - : Elsevier BV. - 1740-1445. ; 31, s. 71-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore the themes that emerge when individuals are asked to describe their body functionality, and those that emerge when individuals are asked to describe their physical appearance. Data were gathered from undergraduate women and men's (N = 75, Mage = 20.66) responses to a writing exercise (Alleva et al., 2014), wherein they were either asked to describe their body functionality or their physical appearance. Through thematic analysis, six themes were identified from participants’ descriptions of their body functionality (ordered by frequency): (a) evaluating the functionality of the body, (b) positive body-self connection, (c) resilient body, (d) comparisons to the norm, (e) body behind the scenes, and (f) enjoyment of body functions. Five themes were identified from participants’ descriptions of their physical appearance (ordered by frequency): (a) comparisons to the norm, (b) evaluating the appearance of the body – own evaluations, (c) evaluating the appearance of the body – other people's evaluations, (d) the body project, and (e) appearance appreciation. Overall, the findings suggest that the themes that emerge when people are asked to reflect on their body functionality tend to be more positive, as they can be linked to positive embodiment, gratitude, and less self-objectification.
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| 20. |
- Berne, Sofia, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Appearance-Related Cyberbullying: A Qualitative Investigation of Characteristics, Content, Reasons, and Effects
- 2014
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Ingår i: Body image. - : Elsevier BV. - 1740-1445. ; 11:4, s. 527-533
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore 15-year-old adolescents’ experiences of appearance-related cyberbullying. Twenty-seven adolescents participated in four focus groups. The adolescents in this study perceived that it is common to be targeted in appearance-related cyberbullying, especially for girls, and that appearance-related cyberbullying is considered to be a potent strategy when attempting to hurt girls. Girls often received comments about being fat, while among boys, it was common to receive comments about looking or seeming “gay.” According to the adolescents, an important reason for engaging in appearance-related cyberbullying was to attain higher social status in the peer group. The girls and boys reacted differently to appearance-related cyberbullying. Boys tended to act out or take no offence, while girls experienced lower self-esteem and feelings of depression. Findings in this study contribute to research on cyberbullying as well as to research on girls’ body esteem development.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Holmqvist Gattario, Kristina, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Embodiment: Cultural and gender differences and associations with life satisfaction
- 2020
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Ingår i: Body Image. - : Elsevier BV. - 1740-1445. ; 35, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 The Authors Although cultural factors have an important impact on individuals’ experiences of living in their bodies, to date no studies have examined cross-cultural or gender differences in individuals’ experience of embodiment. This study compared Swedish and Canadian women's experience of embodiment (and other body image related constructs), as well as Swedish men and women's experience of embodiment. Associations between embodiment, body esteem, and life satisfaction in men and women were also examined. Participants were 302 Swedish women, 242 Swedish men, and 216 Canadian women. Results showed that Swedish women had overall more positive experience of embodiment, more positive body esteem, lower thin-ideal internalization and lower levels of disordered eating than Canadian women. In comparison to Swedish men, however, Swedish women had more negative experience of embodiment in some ways, but similar experience of embodiment in other ways. Although associations between embodiment, body esteem, and life satisfaction were strong, embodiment was a better predictor of life satisfaction than body esteem for both men and women. Results are interpreted through the lens of the developmental theory of embodiment and consider cultural differences between Sweden and Canada, as well as Swedish society's both progress and problems in promoting gender equity.
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| 23. |
- Holmqvist Gattario, Kristina, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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From negative to positive body image: Men's and women's journeys from early adolescence to emerging adulthood
- 2019
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Ingår i: Body Image. - : Elsevier BV. - 1740-1445. ; 28, s. 53-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the developmental journeys of individuals who have overcome negative body image in early adolescence and developed positive body image on their way to emerging adulthood. Interviews were conducted with 15 women and 16 men (aged 26–27) recruited from a large longitudinal sample. Results demonstrated different patterns of positive body image development, but most participants had overcome their negative body image by age 18. Factors contributing to their negative body image in early adolescence included negative peer influence and discontent with life in general. Turning points included finding a new social context, experiencing agency and empowerment, and using cognitive strategies to improve body image. Characteristics of the participants’ current positive body image coincided with established features of positive body image; novel findings were that the women were more likely to think of positive body image as needing constant work to maintain and were also more likely to have a feminist identity, whereas the men were more likely to try to improve their body shape and perceive their body as resembling the ideal. In conclusion, body image interventions need to target not only matters related to physical appearance but also adolescents’ general sense of belonging, agency, and empowerment. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
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| 24. |
- Holmqvist, Kristina, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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"I bet they aren't that perfect in reality:" Appearance ideals viewed from the perspective of adolescents with a positive body image
- 2012
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Ingår i: Body Image. - : Elsevier BV. - 1740-1445. ; 9:3, s. 388-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this qualitative study, we examined the topic of appearance ideals from the perspective of 14-year-old adolescents (N=29) with a positive body image. A thematic analysis revealed that the adolescents with a positive body image were very critical against current ideals, describing them as unnatural and unrealistic, and criticizing media for only showing those consistent with the ideals and having underlying intentions with doing so. Instead, the adolescents defined beauty widely and flexibly, stressed the importance of looking like 'oneself, and conveyed the idea of personality as outplaying looks. The perception of beauty as subjective was also prominent. These results may be helpful when forming preventions targeting those at risk for developing negative body image, adding support for preventions based on media literacy and feminist theories. Additionally, we stress the significance of providing adolescents with alternative ways of thinking about ideals, beauty, and attractiveness. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 25. |
- Kling, Johanna, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic review of body image measures
- 2019
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Ingår i: Body image. - : Elsevier BV. - 1740-1445. ; 30, s. 170-211
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This systematic review synthesizes and critically appraises measurement properties of influential body image measures. Eight measures that met the definition of an assessment of body image (i.e., an individual’s cognitive or affective evaluation of their body or appearance with a positive or negative valence), and scored high on systematic expert priority ranking, were included. These measures were: the Body Appreciation Scale (original BAS and BAS-2), the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults, the Body Shape Questionnaire, the Centre for Appearance Research Valence Scale, the Drive for Muscularity Scale, two subscales of the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire, one subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory 3, and two subscales of the Multidimensional Body Relations Questionnaire. Articles assessing these scales’ psychometric properties (N = 136) were evaluated for their methodological quality using the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist, and a best evidence synthesis was performed. The results supported the majority of measures in terms of reliability and validity; however, suitability varied across populations, and some measurement properties were insufficiently evaluated. The measures are discussed in detail, including recommendations for their future use in research and clinical practice.
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| 26. |
- Kling, Johanna, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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“This body is me” Discovering the ways in which the body is salient in people's identities
- 2018
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Ingår i: Body image. - : Elsevier BV. - 1740-1445. ; 24, s. 102-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although previous research has revealed associations between negative body image and identity problems, there are sound theoretical reasons to assume much greater diversity in relations between body image and identity. The aim of the present qualitative study was to explore the ways people find the body salient to their identities. Young adults (N=121; 51% women) were interviewed, and four main themes were found: identification with the body, body functionality in identity-relevant tasks, appearance and identity in social interactions, and identity-relevant bodily engagement. Both positive and negative ways in which the body is salient in identity were described and descriptions included functionality, embodied experiences, and social environments. Gender differences were not found with one exception: more women than men described experiences of identifying with their bodies. These novel results have implications for the understanding of the interconnection between body image and identity and may open avenues for continued research.
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| 27. |
- Kling, Johanna, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Translation and psychometric evaluation of the Experience of Embodiment Scale in a Swedish community sample of young women and men
- 2021
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Ingår i: Body Image. - : Elsevier BV. - 1740-1445. ; 39, s. 259-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report describes a Swedish translation and psychometric evaluation of the Experience of Embodiment Scale (EES; Piran, Teall, & Counsell, 2020), an instrument for assessing a wide range of positive and negative experiences of living in the body. A community sample (N = 545) of Swedish young women (56%) and men (Mage = 24.4; SD = 0.52) completed the Swedish translation of the EES. To explore its construct validity, participants also completed measures of body esteem, disordered eating, internalization of appearance ideals, drive for muscularity and leanness, body mass index, life satisfaction, self-esteem, and psychological distress. Exploratory factor analyses (performed separately for women and men) revealed structures of the Swedish EES similar to those displayed during the development and first evaluations of the scale in North America. However, among men, the factors of agency and sexual desire combined to form one factor. On total scale level, the Swedish EES showed good internal consistency (McDonald's ω = .95 for women; ω = .94 for men), convergent validity, and incremental validity. Overall, the present findings support the Swedish version of the EES and the EES's cross-national use to assess the construct of embodiment, as well as its use among men.
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| 28. |
- Kling, Johanna, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Young men's endorsement and pursuit of appearance ideals: The prospective role of appearance investment
- 2016
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Ingår i: Body image. - : Elsevier BV. - 1740-1445. ; 16, s. 10-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Appearance investment has been proposed as a risk factor for the development of body dissatisfaction. Despite this, few studies have explored men's investment in their appearance. The aim of the present study was therefore to examine appearance investment as a prospective predictor of young men's endorsement and pursuit of appearance ideals. A community sample of 187 young men participated in a study at ages 21 and 24. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that appearance investment, as hypothesized, was a prospective predictor of increases in leanness orientation, media-ideal internalization, and muscularity behaviors. However, appearance investment did not predict increases in muscularity dissatisfaction. The present findings highlight the importance of including appearance investment in sociocultural models of the development of men's body image, and suggest that appearance investment may be an important target variable to consider when designing body dissatisfaction prevention and intervention programs tailored to young men.
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| 29. |
- Lunde, Carolina, 1979
(författare)
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Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery, Body Appreciation, Body Ideal Internalization, and Fashion Blog Reading among Late Adolescents in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Body image. - : Elsevier BV. - 1740-1445. ; 10:4, s. 632-635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined adolescents’ attitudes of cosmetic surgery, as well as the relationships between these attitudes, body appreciation, body ideal internalization, and fashion blog reading. The sample comprised 110 (60 boys, 50 girls) late adolescents (mean age 16.9 years) from a Swedish high school. The results indicated that younger adolescents seem somewhat more accepting of cosmetic surgery. This was especially the case for boys’ acceptance of social motives for obtaining cosmetic surgery (boys’ M = 2.3 ± 1.55 vs. girls’ M = 1.7 ± 0.89). Girls’, and to a limited extent boys’, internalization of the thin ideal was related to more favorable cosmetic surgery attitudes. Athletic ideal internalization and body appreciation were unrelated to these attitudes. Finally, girls who frequently read fashion blogs reported higher thin ideal internalization, and also demonstrated a slight tendency of more cosmetic surgery consideration.
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| 30. |
- Lunde, Carolina, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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On being victimized by peers in the advent of adolescence: Prospective relationships to objectified body consciousness
- 2011
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Ingår i: Body Image. - : Elsevier BV. - 1740-1445. ; 8, s. 309-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research indicates that peer victimization is tied to children's negative appearance evaluations. The current study examines whether early peer victimization is also prospectively related to objectified body consciousness. Six-hundred-and-two Swedish boys and girls answered questionnaires at age 10, and again at age 18. Main findings showed that being the target of peer victimization at age 10 was related to more habitual appearance monitoring and body shame at age 18. Gender moderated the relations between victimization and body shame, with victimized girls experiencing stronger body shame than victimized boys. Additionally, whereas boys experienced less body shame than girls, they were equally likely to monitor their appearance. In sum, this study provides preliminary support to the notion that peer victimization is involved in the processes by which young adolescents' self-objectify. Future studies are warranted to further validate these findings. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
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| 31. |
- Lunde, Carolina, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Performance or appearance? Young female sport participants’ body negotiations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Body Image. - : Elsevier BV. - 1740-1445. ; 21, s. 81-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this qualitative study was to examine young female sport participants’ experiences and thoughts in terms of sport, their bodies, and social appearance norms. Six focus groups with female sport participants (N=25) from Sweden were conducted. Participants raised many positive experiences in relation to their sport participation, but they also witnessed a conflict in the intersection between the culture within their sport (emphasizing physical performance) and the culture outside their sport (emphasizing physical appearance). Through thematic analysis, four themes illustrating the balancing act between these two cultures were formed: (a) the performing body versus the objectified body, (b) food as fuel versus source of shame, (c) appreciation of body type diversity versus appearance prejudice, and (d) empowerment and agency versus disempowerment and restraints. The findings of this study indicate that young women who engage in sport have to face complex, ambiguous, and restricting norms and notions.
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| 32. |
- Voica, Simina Antonia, et al.
(författare)
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Disordered eating through the lens of positive psychology: The role of embodiment, self-esteem and identity coherence
- 2021
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Ingår i: Body Image. - : Elsevier BV. - 1740-1445. ; 39, s. 103-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Applying a positive psychology perspective, this study aimed to identify potential intra-individual factors that might protect against the development of disordered eating in a community sample of young women and men (N = 510; 56 % women; M-age = 24.3). Based on existing literature, the study included the general resilience factors of self-esteem and identity coherence as well as two dimensions of positive embodiment (positive body connection and comfort, and agency and functionality). All factors were negatively correlated with disordered eating among women and men. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that positive embodiment, specifically positive body connection, was a significant predictor of lower degrees of disordered eating symptoms in both women and men, followed by self-esteem. The overall prediction model accounted for 42.6 % in the variation of disordered eating symptoms for women and 23.9 % for men. Prevention and treatment interventions promoting health factors that protect against the development of eating disorders are much needed. The present study informs such efforts by emphasizing the promotion of positive embodiment. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 33. |
- Kazemi, Samira, et al.
(författare)
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Open Data for Anomaly Detection in Maritime Surveillance
- 2013
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Ingår i: Expert systems with applications. - : Elsevier. - 0957-4174 .- 1873-6793. ; 40:14, s. 5719-5729
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maritime Surveillance has received increased attention from a civilian perspective in recent years. Anomaly detection is one of many techniques available for improving the safety and security in this domain. Maritime authorities use confidential data sources for monitoring the maritime activities; however, a paradigm shift on the Internet has created new open sources of data. We investigate the potential of using open data as a complementary resource for anomaly detection in maritime surveillance. We present and evaluate a decision support system based on open data and expert rules for this purpose. We conduct a case study in which experts from the Swedish coastguard participate to conduct a real-world validation of the system. We conclude that the exploitation of open data as a complementary resource is feasible since our results indicate improvements in the efficiency and effectiveness of the existing surveillance systems by increasing the accuracy and covering unseen aspects of maritime activities.
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| 34. |
- Malafronte, Loredana, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring drying kinetics and morphology of commercial dairy powders
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Food Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0260-8774 .- 1873-5770. ; 158, s. 58-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the effect of the initial composition of a liquid feed on the spray drying process and morphology of powders is important in order to reduce the time and costs for process design, and ensure the desired properties of the final product. In this work, seven commercial dairy products with different fat content were selected. The effect of initial composition on drying time during single drop experiments was studied. The morphology of powder particles and the influence of morphology changes on the drying rate were investigated in order to assess the effect of fat content on the effective diffusivity of water in dairy products. Results show that fat content influences drying time and morphology of powder particles. The higher the fat content the longer the drying time and particles appear to be less shrivelled. Changes in morphology and the drying rate seem to be related. Two falling drying periods were observed for most of the products. During the first period the drops shrink spherically, while during the second period shrivelling occurs. The effective diffusivity of water shows that high fat contents lead to a lower diffusivity of water in the products.
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