| 1. |
- Accardo, G., et al.
(författare)
-
Management of cardiovascular complications in Klinefelter syndrome patients
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Expert Review of Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-6651 .- 1744-8417. ; 14:2, s. 145-152
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Klinefelter syndrome (KS), also known as 47, XXY, shows increased mortality when compared with mortality rates among the general population. Cardiovascular, hemostatic, metabolic diseases are implicated. Moreover, cardiac congenital anomalies in KS can contribute to the increase in mortality. Areas covered: In this study, we have systematically reviewed the relationships between KS and the cardiovascular system and the management of cardiovascular complication. In summary, patients with KS display increased cardiovascular risk profile, characterized by increased prevalence of metabolic alterations including dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), and abnormalities in biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. KS subjects are characterized by subclinical abnormalities in endothelial function and in left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function, which–when associated with chronotropic incompetence–may negatively influence cardiopulmonary performance. Moreover, KS patients appear to be at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease, due to thromboembolic events with high prevalence of recurrent venous ulcers, venous insufficiency, recurrent venous and arterial thromboembolism leading to deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Expert opinion: Considering the unequivocal finding of increased mortality of KS patients, we suggest a periodic cardiovascular follow up in specialized centers with multidisciplinary care teams that comprise endocrinologists and cardiologists dedicated to KS syndrome. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Cediel Ulloa, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals on neurodevelopment : the need for better testing strategies for endocrine disruption-induced developmental neurotoxicity
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1744-6651 .- 1744-8417. ; 17:2, s. 131-141
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Brain development is highly dependent on hormonal regulation. Exposure to chemicals disrupting endocrine signaling has been associated with neurodevelopmental impairment. This raises concern about exposure to the suspected thousands of endocrine disruptors, and has resulted in efforts to improve regulation of these chemicals. Yet, the causal links between endocrine disruption and developmental neurotoxicity, which would be required for regulatory action, are still largely missing. Areas covered: In this review, we illustrate the importance of two endocrine systems, thyroid hormone and retinoic acid pathways, for neurodevelopment. We place special emphasis on TH and RA synthesis, metabolism, and how endocrine disrupting chemicals known or suspected to affect these systems are associated with developmental neurotoxicity. Expert opinion: While it is clear that neurodevelopment is dependent on proper hormonal functioning, and evidence is increasing for developmental neurotoxicity induced by endocrine disrupting chemicals, this is not grasped by current chemical testing. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop test methods detecting endocrine disruption in the context of neurodevelopment. Key to this development is further mechanistic insights on the involvement of endocrine signaling in neurodevelopment as well as increased support to develop and validate new test methods for the regulatory context.
|
|
| 4. |
- Elliott, J. A., et al.
(författare)
-
Physiology, pathophysiology and therapeutic implications of enteroendocrine control of food intake
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-6651 .- 1744-8417. ; 11:6, s. 475-499
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: With the increasing prevalence of obesity and its associated comorbidities, strides to improve treatment strategies have enhanced our understanding of the function of the gut in the regulation of food intake. The most successful intervention for obesity to date, bariatric surgery effectively manipulates enteroendocrine physiology to enhance satiety and reduce hunger. Areas covered: In the present article, we provide a detailed overview of the physiology of enteroendocrine control of food intake, and discuss its pathophysiologic correlates and therapeutic implications in both obesity and gastrointestinal disease. Expert commentary: Ongoing research in the field of nutrient sensing by L-cells, as well as understanding the role of the microbiome and bile acid signaling may facilitate the development of novel strategies to combat the rising population health threat associated with obesity. Further refinement of post-prandial satiety gut hormone based therapies, including the development of chimeric peptides exploiting the pleiotropic nature of the gut hormone response, and identification of novel methods of delivery may hold the key to optimization of therapeutic modulation of gut hormone physiology in obesity.
|
|
| 5. |
- Fluitman, Kristina S., et al.
(författare)
-
The intestinal microbiota, energy balance, and malnutrition: emphasis on the role of short-chain fatty acids
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Expert Review of Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-6651 .- 1744-8417. ; 12:3, s. 215-226
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Malnutrition refers to both over- and undernutrition and results from a disruption in energy balance. It affects one in three people worldwide and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The intestinal microbiota represents a newly identified factor that might contribute to the development of malnutrition, as it harbors traits that complement the human metabolic and endocrine capabilities, thereby influencing energy balance. Areas covered: In the current review, we aim to give a comprehensive overview on the microbiota, its development and its possible influence on energy balance, with emphasis the role of short-chain fatty acids. We also consider microbial characteristics associated with obesity and undernutrition and evaluate microbial manipulating strategies. The PubMed database was searched using the terms: ‘gastrointestinal microbiota’, ‘volatile fatty acids’, ‘malnutrition’, ‘undernutrition’, ‘obesity’, ‘insulin resistance’, ‘prebiotics’, ‘probiotics’, ‘antibiotics’ and ‘fecal microbiota transplantation’. Expert commentary: Microbiota make important contributions to the regulation of energy balance, whereas microbial disturbances might predispose to malnutrition. If we manage to manipulate the microbiota to our benefit, it could lead to preventive or therapeutic strategies targeting malnutrition. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Leckstroem, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
The trials and tribulations of vitamin D : time for the ‘sunshine’ vitamin to come in out of the cold – or just more broken promises?
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Expert review of Endocrinology & Metabolism. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1744-6651 .- 1744-8417. ; 9:4, s. 327-344
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We are presently faced with the competing notions of modern life being a ‘state of vitamin D depletion’, implying a widespread need to supplement with vitamin D, or, the opposite view, which is that the present evidence can only support at best selective targeted vitamin D intervention. This is important as there is evidence that over the last 40–50 years there were downwards global trends in serum 25(OH)D concentrations, while individual consumption of vitamin D as supplements rose. For this reason and many others, a large population-based interventional study, the VITAL trial, was designed to try to establish the health value of vitamin D supplementation. VITAL is a huge primary prevention trial looking at the effects of vitamin D repletion in preventing cancer and cardiovascular disease in a fundamentally healthy population. This may seem an unusual approach given that what we mostly know about vitamin D is that is has some effects on the skeleton. This review looks to explore current knowledge about vitamin D in health and disease, and at how this is now undergoing significant reappraisal and revision. We will carefully critique the VITAL study design to see if it will allow for the construction of the detailed portfolio of clinical evidence so urgently needed to allow us better to understand role of vitamin D supplementation in health and disease.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Olerud, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Vascular niche of pancreatic islets
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-6651 .- 1744-8417. ; 4:5, s. 481-491
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pancreatic islets are highly vascularized micro-organs. Approximately 10% of an islet consists of blood vessels. The induction and maintenance of the islet vascular system depend on VEGF secreted from β-cells. VEGF is also critical for the phenotype of the islet vasculature by induction of a vast number of fenestrae. The islet vasculature serves the role of supplying the endocrine cells with oxygen and nutrients, but may also be important for proper glucose sensing of the cells, for paracrine support of endocrine function and growth, and for drainage of metabolites and secreted islet hormones into the systemic circulation. Emerging evidence suggests an important role of islet endothelial cells to maintain β-cell function and growth by secretion of molecules such as hepatocyte growth factor, thrombospondin-1 and laminins, thereby forming a vascular niche for the endocrine cells.
|
|
| 12. |
- Tsolakis, Apostolos V, et al.
(författare)
-
Endocrine Pancreatic Tumors : Diagnosis and Treatment
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-6651 .- 1744-8417. ; 3:2, s. 187-205
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endocrine pancreatic tumors (EPTs) are uncommon, having an incidence of one per 100,000 people. They may appear as sporadic tumors or be associated with hereditary syndromes. EPTs are categorized as functioning or nonfunctioning tumors, based on the presence or absence of clinical syndromes. Among the former, insulinomas and gastrinomas are the most common. For the histopathological investigation of EPTs, chromogranin A and synaptophysin immunostainings are recommended. Measurement of circulating chromogranin A is also the cornerstone for the biochemical diagnosis of these tumors. Furthermore, specific hormones produced and released by the neoplastic cells can be identified by immunostaining and used for biochemical evaluation. To locate EPTs, both noninvasive (ultrasonography, computerized tomography, MRI and radionuclear imaging) and invasive techniques (arterial stimulation with venous sampling) can be used. Debulking procedures (surgery, radiofrequency ablation, embolization/chemoembolization and liver transplantation) and/or medical treatment (chemotherapy, biotherapy and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy) are the options available for the treatment of EPTs. Understanding the molecular events underlying the pathobiology of EPTs will aid the development of more accurate diagnostic/prognostic markers and give guidance for improved therapeutic modalities.
|
|
| 13. |
- Öberg, Kjell
(författare)
-
Management of neuroendocrine tumors : Current and future therapies
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Expert Reviews Endocrinology & Metabolism. - London : Expert Reviews Ltd. - 1744-6651 .- 1744-8417. ; 6:1, s. 49-62
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a genetically diverse group of malignancies that sometimes produce peptides that cause characteristic hormonal syndromes. NETs can be clinically symptomatic (functioning) or silent (nonfunctioning); both types frequently synthesize more than one peptide, although often these are not associated with specific syndromes. Based on data from various sources, the incidence and prevalence of NETs is increasing. The primary treatment goal for patients with NETs is curative, with symptom control and the limitation of tumor progression as secondary goals. Surgery is the only possible curative approach and so represents the traditional first-line therapy. However, as most patients with NETs are diagnosed once metastases have occurred, curative surgery is generally not possible. Patients therefore require chronic postoperative medical management with the aim of relieving symptoms and, in recent years, suppressing tumor growth and spread. Somatostatin analogues, such as octreotide long-acting repeatable (LAR), can improve the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome and stabilize tumor growth in many patients. Results from the placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective randomized study on the effect of octreotide LAR in the control of tumor growth in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine midgut tumors (PROMID study) demonstrate that octreotide LAR 30 mg is an effective antiproliferative treatment in patients with newly diagnosed, functionally active or inactive, well-differentiated metastatic midgut NETs. An antiproliferative effect can also be achieved with everolimus, and combination therapy with octreotide LAR has shown synergistic antiproliferative activity. Sunitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is active in pancreatic NETs. In the future, pasireotide, the multireceptor targeted somatostatin analogue, has the potential to be an effective therapy for de novo or octreotide-refractory carcinoid syndrome and for inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. Peptide receptor radiotherapy with 90Yttrium-DOTATOC or 177Lutetium-DOTATE is also a new interesting treatment option for NETs.
|
|
| 14. |
- Al-Hadhrami, Rajaa, et al.
(författare)
-
Glycaemic control and its associated factors among adult Omanis with type 1 diabetes mellitus : a cross-sectional survey
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Expert Review of Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 1744-6651. ; , s. 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between glycemic control and diabetes self-management (DSM) and other associated factors among adult Omanis with Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive design was used to collect data among 210 adult Omanis with T1DM who were conveniently recruited. All tools were self-reported, whereas the HbA1c was collected from the patient’s electronic medical records. Results: The HbA1c mean value was 8.6 (SD = 2.5), 30.5% had optimal glycemic control (<7.0). A significant negative relationship between HbA1c and DSM (r = - 0.191, p = 0.006) and diabetes knowledge (r = - 0.153, p = 0.026) was found. Furthermore, the mean HbA1c was significantly lower for persons with a single marital status, have higher education level, have children, are unemployed, were not admitted to the hospital in the last year, and have a health care professional as a family member. Additionally, marital status, level of education, DSM, and social supportwere significant predictors of glycemic control. Conclusions: The results suggested that better glycemic control could be achieved by optimizing DSM, social support, and diabetes knowledge. Sociodemographic factors should be considered when treating individuals with T1DM to reach good glycemic control.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
