| 1. |
- Acevedo, Reinaldo, et al.
(author)
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The Global Meningococcal Initiative meeting on prevention of meningococcal disease worldwide : Epidemiology, surveillance, hypervirulent strains, antibiotic resistance and high-risk populations
- 2019
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In: Expert Review of Vaccines. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1476-0584 .- 1744-8395. ; 18:1, s. 15-30
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: The 2018 Global Meningococcal Initiative (GMI) meeting focused on evolving invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) epidemiology, surveillance, and protection strategies worldwide, with emphasis on emerging antibiotic resistance and protection of high-risk populations. The GMI is comprised of a multidisciplinary group of scientists and clinicians representing institutions from several continents.Areas covered: Given that the incidence and prevalence of IMD continually varies both geographically and temporally, and surveillance systems differ worldwide, the true burden of IMD remains unknown. Genomic alterations may increase the epidemic potential of meningococcal strains. Vaccination and (to a lesser extent) antimicrobial prophylaxis are the mainstays of IMD prevention. Experiences from across the globe advocate the use of conjugate vaccines, with promising evidence growing for protein vaccines. Multivalent vaccines can broaden protection against IMD. Application of protection strategies to high-risk groups, including individuals with asplenia, complement deficiencies and human immunodeficiency virus, laboratory workers, persons receiving eculizumab, and men who have sex with men, as well as attendees at mass gatherings, may prevent outbreaks. There was, however, evidence that reduced susceptibility to antibiotics was increasing worldwide. Expert commentary: The current GMI global recommendations were reinforced, with several other global initiatives underway to support IMD protection and prevention.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Boberg, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Murine models for HIV vaccination and challenge
- 2008
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In: Expert Review of Vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1476-0584 .- 1744-8395. ; 7:1, s. 117-130
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- HIV-1 only infects humans and chimpanzees. SIV or SHIV are, therefore, used as models for HIV in rhesus, cynomologus and pigtail macaques. Since conducting experiments in primate models does not fully mimic infection or vaccination against HIV-1 and is expensive, there is a great need for small-animal models in which it is possible to study HIV-1 infection, immunity and vaccine efficacy. This review summarizes the available murine models for studying HIV-1 infection with an emphasis on our experience of the HIV-1-infected-cell challenge as a model for evaluating candidate HIV-1 vaccines. In the cell-based challenge model, several important factors that, hopefully, can be related to vaccine efficacy in humans were discovered: the efficiency of combining plasmid DNA representing several of the viral genes originating from multiple clades of HIV-1, the importance of adjuvants activating innate and induced immunity and the enhanced HIV eradication by drug-conjugated antibody. © 2008 Future Drugs Ltd.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Chen, Lin H, et al.
(author)
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Vaccination of travelers : how far have we come and where are we going?
- 2011
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In: Expert review of vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-8395 .- 1476-0584. ; 10:11, s. 1609-20
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Vaccine recommendations are a prominent part of health preparations before international travel. We review progress made in the past decade regarding vaccines used primarily by persons traveling from high-income countries to low- and middle-income countries. The combined hepatitis A-B vaccine, the recently licensed Vero cell-derived Japanese encephalitis vaccine and conjugated quadrivalent meningococcal vaccines are discussed. This article provides updates on yellow fever vaccine-associated visceral and neurologic adverse events, indications for influenza vaccine in travelers, the rapid immunization schedule for tick-borne encephalitis vaccine, schedules for postexposure rabies prophylaxis, and new insights about oral cholera vaccines following the outbreak in Haiti. The future should bring vaccines for serogroup B Neiserria meningitidis, dengue and malaria, as well as an inactivated yellow fever vaccine.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Durbin, Anna, et al.
(author)
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An update on Zika vaccine developments
- 2017
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In: Expert Review of Vaccines. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 1476-0584 .- 1744-8395. ; 16:8, s. 781-787
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: The devastating consequences of congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection led to a global response directed toward a better understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of ZIKV and to efforts at vaccine development. As a result, there are currently 45 ZIKV vaccine candidates in development. Areas covered: Both traditional (purified inactivated, live attenuated, viral-vectored, recombinant sub-unit) and novel (DNA, self-replicating RNA, mRNA) vaccine platforms are being utilized. For emergency use, vaccines that are appropriate for women of child-bearing age (including pregnant women) are being developed. Live vaccines that may be contraindicated in pregnancy are also in development for potential inclusion in national immunization programmes in childhood or pre-teenage age groups. WHO developed a target product profile for Zika vaccines for use in an emergency. Expert commentary: Although ZIKV vaccine development had a quick head start, further development may be hampered because of the inability to conduct large efficacy trials with the decline in cases globally and unpredictability of new outbreaks. Furthermore, there are complex ethical issues involved in conducting efficacy trials in pregnant women.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Geels, Mark J, et al.
(author)
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European Vaccine Initiative : lessons from developing malaria vaccines
- 2011
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In: Expert Review of Vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1476-0584 .- 1744-8395. ; 10:12, s. 1697-1708
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For over 10 years, the European Vaccine Initiative (EVI; European Malaria Vaccine Initiative until 2009) has contributed to the development of 24 malaria candidate vaccine antigens with 13 vaccine candidates being advanced into Phase I clinical trials, two of which have been transitioned for further clinical development in sub-Saharan Africa. Since its inception the EVI organization has operated as a funding agency, but with a clear service-oriented strategy. The scientific successes and difficulties encountered during these years and how these efforts have led to standardization and harmonization in vaccine development through large-scale European consortia are discussed. In the future, the EVI will remain instrumental in the pharmaceutical and clinical development of vaccines against ?diseases of poverty? with a continued focus on malaria. EVI will continue to focus on funding and managing preclinical evaluation up to Phase I/II clinical trials and strengthening the vaccine-development infrastructure in Europe, albeit with a global orientation.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Gudmundsdotter, L, et al.
(author)
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Challenges of Global Vaccine Development
- 2008
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In: Expert review of vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-8395 .- 1476-0584. ; 7:1, s. 21-3
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 15. |
- Harandi, Ali M, 1968, et al.
(author)
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Vaccine adjuvants: scientific challenges and strategic initiatives.
- 2009
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In: Expert review of vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-8395 .- 1476-0584. ; 8:3, s. 293-8
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The majority of vaccine antigens currently under investigation represent recombinant molecules or subunits of pathogens with little or no inherent immunostimulatory property. The development of safe and potent immunologic adjuvants that can increase and direct vaccine-specific immunity is, therefore, required urgently. At the same time, the discovery of Toll-like receptors and other innate immune receptors with the ability to bridge innate immune responses and adaptive immunity is offering unprecedented opportunities for the development of novel adjuvants. However, research on vaccine adjuvants has so far received little attention as an independent scientific priority from most of the main research-funding agencies and policy makers. Further, adjuvant research and development is currently spread over a wide number of highly diverse organizations, including large commercial companies, small biotech enterprises as well as publicly funded research organizations and academia. More efforts are, therefore, needed to highlight the importance of vaccine adjuvants on the global research agenda and to encourage collaboration and flow of information between different stakeholders. This article attempts to underline scientific challenges and strategic priorities in the development of vaccine adjuvants for human use.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Hellman, Lars
(author)
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Therapeutic vaccines against IgE-mediated allergies
- 2008
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In: Expert Review of Vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1476-0584 .- 1744-8395. ; 7:2, s. 193-208
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Therapeutic vaccines targeting various self-molecules is an emerging field of vaccine development that is studied extensively in areas such as birth control, cancer, allergy and autoimmunity. Promising results have come from a number of animal studies and several vaccines are in advanced clinical trials. However, no vaccine is currently on the market. This review will focus on the progress in the development of vaccines against IgE-mediated allergies. Targets under investigation are the IgE molecule itself and several Th2 cytokines, that is, IL-4, -5, -13, -33, -18 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. This review will also discuss new methods to enhance the immunogenicity of the vaccines and how this can contribute to more rapid progress in the field.
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| 18. |
- Hinkula, Jorma, 1958-
(author)
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Clarification of how HIV-1 DNA and protein immunizations may be better used to obtain HIV-1-specific mucosal and systemic immunity
- 2007
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In: Expert Review of Vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1476-0584 .- 1744-8395. ; 6:2, s. 203-212
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- More focused research on a mucosal HIV-1 vaccine is needed urgently. An increasing amount of collected data, using heterologous multimodality prime-booster strategies, suggest that an efficient and protective HIV-1 vaccine must generate broad, long-lasting HIV-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and neutralizing antibody responses. In the mucosa, these responses would be most effective if a preferential stimulus of HIV-1 neutralizing secretory immunoglobulin A and G were obtained. The attractive property of mucosal immunization is the obtained mucosal and systemic immunity, whereas systemic immunization induces a more limited immunity, predominantly in systemic sites. These objectives will require new vaccine regimens, such as multiclade HIV DNA and protein vaccines (nef, tat, gag and env expressed in DNA plasmids) delivered onto mucosal surfaces with needle-free delivery methods, such as nasal drop, as well as oral and rectal/vaginal delivery, and should merit clinical trials. © 2007 Future Drugs Ltd.
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| 19. |
- Jalalvand, Farshid, et al.
(author)
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Update on non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae-mediated disease and vaccine development
- 2018
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In: Expert Review of Vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1476-0584 .- 1744-8395. ; 17:6, s. 503-512
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) has attracted more interest in recent years due to an increased prevalence of infections caused by the pathogen. This upsurge is at least partly ascribed to the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugated vaccines that has resulted in an aetiological shift in NTHi’s favor with respect to upper respiratory tract infections. Moreover, an increased antimicrobial resistance has been associated with the pathogen, a fact that further strengthens the case for novel vaccine development. Areas covered: A background to NTHi-mediated diseases and pathogenesis is outlined. The literature in the field of NTHi vaccine antigens and clinical trials is reviewed with focus on data added to scientific databases in the last two years. Various vaccine development strategies are conceptually discussed. Expert commentary: Several promising vaccine antigens have been defined in recent years. A multicomponent protein-based vaccine, potentially boosted with extracellular vesicles, would constitute a suitable path going forward. Of note, however, a clinical trial investigating the efficacy of a combined NTHi/Moraxella catarrhalis vaccine to prevent infections in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients has been initiated. But, as this clinical trial has not yet concluded, and its results are thus unknown, investigations of NTHi pathogenesis must determinedly continue.
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| 20. |
- Jespers, Vicky, et al.
(author)
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Assessment of mucosal immunity to HIV-1.
- 2010
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In: Expert review of vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-8395 .- 1476-0584. ; 9:4, s. 381-94
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A key gap in the development and evaluation of HIV-1 vaccines is insufficient knowledge with regard to sampling techniques and assessment of mucosal immune responses required for early prevention and inhibition of viral dissemination. In an attempt to start bridging this gap, the EUROPRISE network of scientists working on HIV-1 vaccine and microbicide research organized a workshop with the aim to review the types of mucosal responses/biomarkers currently measured in mucosal immunology and to define how the mucosal responses/biomarkers are measured and/or the assays and sampling methods used. The Workshop addressed two critical questions: first whether, with current knowledge, it would be possible to define a consensus set of mucosal sampling methods to facilitate cross-species comparisons and ensure standardized implementation in clinical trials; second to determine the remaining challenges (technical and logistical) and their possible solutions for assessing mucosal responses to HIV-1 vaccines.
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| 21. |
- Jespers, Vicky, et al.
(author)
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Assessment of mucosal immunity to HIV-1
- 2010
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In: EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES. - : Expert Reviews. - 1476-0584 .- 1744-8395. ; 9:4, s. 381-394
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A key gap in the development and evaluation of HIV-1 vaccines is insufficient knowledge with regard to sampling techniques and assessment of mucosal immune responses required for early prevention and inhibition of viral dissemination. In an attempt to start bridging this gap, the EUROPRISE network of scientists working on HIV-1 vaccine and microbicide research organized a workshop with the aim to review the types of mucosal responses/biomarkers currently measured in mucosal immunology and to define how the mucosal responses/biomarkers are measured and/or the assays and sampling methods used. The Workshop addressed two critical questions: first whether, with current knowledge, it would be possible to define a consensus set of mucosal sampling methods to facilitate cross-species comparisons and ensure standardized implementation in clinical trials; second to determine the remaining challenges (technical and logistical) and their possible solutions for assessing mucosal responses to HIV-1 vaccines.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Lim, Jacqueline Kyungah, et al.
(author)
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Points for Consideration for dengue vaccine introduction : recommendations by the Dengue Vaccine Initiative
- 2016
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In: Expert Review of Vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1476-0584 .- 1744-8395. ; 15:4, s. 529-538
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dengue is a public health problem in the tropics and subtropics. There are several vaccine candidates in clinical development. However, there may be gaps in the new vaccine introduction after vaccine licensure before it becomes available in developing countries. In anticipation of the first dengue vaccine candidate to be licensed, Dengue Vaccine Initiative (DVI) and, its predecessor, Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative (PDVI) have been working on points for consideration to accelerate evidence-based dengue vaccine introduction, once a vaccine becomes available. In this paper, we review the history of PDVI and its successor, the DVI, and elaborate on the points of consideration for dengue vaccine introduction.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Ljungberg, K, et al.
(author)
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Self-replicating alphavirus RNA vaccines
- 2015
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In: Expert review of vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-8395 .- 1476-0584. ; 14:2, s. 177-194
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Madhi, Shabir A., et al.
(author)
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Residual colonization by vaccine serotypes in rural South Africa four years following initiation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunization
- 2020
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In: Expert Review of Vaccines. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1476-0584 .- 1744-8395. ; 19:4, s. 383-393
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: We evaluated pneumococcal colonization in children and adults between the time of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction in the immunization program in 2009 to two years after transitioning to PCV13 in 2011.Methods: Community-based carriage surveillance was undertaken between May-November 2013 (Period-3), with similar surveys in 2009 (Period-1) and 2011 (Period-2). Households with children below two years had a similar probability of being sampled in all surveys. Nasopharyngeal swabs were processed using standard methods and serotyped by Quellung.Results: In children>9-59 months old, overall pneumococcal colonization prevalence declined from 81.8% in Period-1 to 65.0% in Period-3 (p<0.001). Reductions of 70% (41.2% vs. 13.6%) in PCV7-serotypes colonization and 66% (15.3% vs. 4.4%) for the six additional PCV13-serotypes (PCV13-add6VT) were observed. There was, however, high residual colonization by PCV7-serotypes 19F (14.9% vs. 6.3%) and 23F (8.5% vs. 4.1%), despite reduction of 57% and 52%, respectively. Among individuals>12 years of age, there was 61% reduction in PCV7-serotype colonization (3.1% vs. 1.3%) and 75% decrease for PCV13-add6VT (2.1% vs. 0.6%) between Period-1 and Period-3.Conclusions: The residual prevalence of serotypes 19F and 23F, four years after introducing PCV in the South Africa, suggests ongoing community transmission and transient vaccine effects.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Mukherjee, Piyali, et al.
(author)
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Hexavalent vaccines in infants : a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the solicited local and systemic adverse reactions of two hexavalent vaccines
- 2021
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In: Expert Review of Vaccines. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1476-0584 .- 1744-8395. ; 20:3, s. 319-329
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: The hexavalent vaccine DT3aP-HBV-IPV-Hib (Infanrix hexa, GSK) was first licensed in Europe in 2000. DT2aP-HBV-IPV-Hib (Hexyon/Hexacima/Hexaxim, Sanofi Pasteur), and DT5aP-HBV-IPV-Hib (Vaxelis, MCM Vaccine Company) were licensed in the EU in 2013 and 2016, respectively, based largely on studies demonstrating non-inferiority to DT3aP-HBV-IPV-Hib for immunogenicity and comparable reactogenicity profiles.Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review looking for direct head-to-head trials comparing DT2aP-HBV-IPV-Hib and DT5aP-HBV-IPV-Hib with DT3aP-HBV-IPV-Hib. The incidence of solicited local and systemic reactions following primary series administration of DT3aP-HBV-IPV-Hib or DT2aP-HBV-IPV-Hib were meta-analyzed.Results: A total of 317 unique records were retrieved from the search; nine met the predefined inclusion criteria; seven reported studies comparing DT3aP-HBV-IPV-Hib and DT2aP-HBV-IPV-Hib. Six trials assessing outcomes of the primary vaccination series were identified. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR; 95%CI) were computed for DT3aP-HBV-IPV-Hib, using DT2aP-HBV-IPV-Hib as reference, for redness (0.72; 0.63–0.83), pain (0.74; 0.62–0.89), swelling (0.86; 0.74–0.99) at injection site, fever (0.67; 0.54–0.83), persistent crying (0.72; 0.61–0.84), drowsiness (0.82; 0.71–0.94), irritability (0.82; 0.69–0.98), anorexia (0.83; 0.72–0.95), and vomiting (0.96; 0.83–1.11).Conclusion: ORs of analyzed local and systemic solicited adverse reactions after primary vaccination with DT3aP-HBV-IPV-Hib appear to be slightly lower than with DT2aP-HBV-IPV-Hib.
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| 35. |
- Nilsson, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Vaccines against atherosclerosis.
- 2013
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In: Expert Review of Vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-8395 .- 1476-0584. ; 12:3, s. 311-321
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of acute myocardial infarction and stroke. It is well established that arterial inflammation in response to accumulation and oxidation of lipoproteins in the vascular wall is the major factor responsible for the development of atherosclerosis. During recent years, it has become apparent that this vascular inflammation is modulated by a complex array of autoimmune responses against modified self-antigens in the atherosclerotic plaque and that both protective and pathogenic immune responses become activated as part of the disease process. Studies of hypercholesterolemia-induced immune activation in mouse models of atherosclerosis have demonstrated that Th1 cells contribute to disease progression while regulatory T cells are protective. It has been suggested that antigen presentation of modified self-antigens in the inflammatory environment of atherosclerotic plaques favors generation of antigen-specific Th1 cells over that of regulatory T cells, resulting in a local loss of tolerance. This concept has stimulated the development of plaque-antigen tolerogenic vaccines to dampen plaque inflammation and disease progression. A first generation of atherosclerosis vaccines based on peptides derived from apoB100 and heat shock proteins have demonstrated promising results in animal studies and are now approaching clinical testing.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Pérez, Oliver, et al.
(author)
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4th International Workshop in Vaccine Adjuvants and Parasitic Vaccines (adjuvant 2008).
- 2008
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In: Expert review of vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-8395 .- 1476-0584. ; 7:8, s. 1151-3
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The 4th International Workshop in Vaccine Adjuvants and Parasitic Vaccines (Adjuvant 2008), hosted by the Cuban Society for Immunology, attracted approximately 70 scientists from 22 countries. The meeting goal was mainly to share recent progress and discuss future challenges regarding vaccine adjuvants for the development of mucosal vaccines, as well as antiparasitic vaccines. Five keynote addresses, 21 oral presentations and 28 posters were presented, and the meeting was ended with a 'hot-topic' session discussing future challenges. This article highlights the most important issues discussed.
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| 38. |
- Roth, Adam, et al.
(author)
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Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination and infant mortality
- 2006
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In: Expert Review of Vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-8395 .- 1476-0584. ; 5:2, s. 277-293
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- When the bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine was introduced in the 1920s, it was suggested that BCG occasionally had nonspecific beneficial effects on mortality beyond the specific protection against tuberculosis. Considering that BCG has since then become the most used vaccine in the world, surprisingly few studies have been undertaken into the effect of BCG on general mortality and morbidity. Recent studies suggest that BCG has beneficial nontargeted effects on general infant morbidity and mortality in low-income countries, often with the most pronounced effect among girls. These observational findings are supported by early trials in which children were randomized or alternated to BCG vaccination. Furthermore, a BCG scar and a positive tuberculin reaction are related to better survival among BCG-vaccinated children in low-income countries, especially for girls. The findings are not explained by frailty bias, in other words, that healthy children are more likely to receive BCG vaccination. A nonspecific, gender-differential effect of BCG on general infant mortality may have large implications for tuberculosis vaccine research and routine vaccination policy.
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| 39. |
- Shah, Prediman K, et al.
(author)
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Vaccination for atherosclerosis: a novel therapeutic paradigm
- 2004
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In: Expert Review of Vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-8395 .- 1476-0584. ; 3:6, s. 711-716
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Numerous studies have identified a role for the innate and adaptive immune response in atherosclerosis; both pro- and antiatherogenic roles for the immune responses have been demonstrated. Common autoantigens against which an immune response has been identified in experimental and human models of atherosclerosis include oxidized low-density lipopoteins, beta2 glycoprotein 1 and heat shock protein 60. Activation of atheroprotective adaptive immune responses have been demonstrated for oxidized low-density lipoprotein-related antigens. Conversely, atheroprotection has been demonstrated with the induction of immune tolerance through activation of mucosal immunity to heat shock protein 65/60 and beta2 glycoprotein 1. Recent identification of specific immunoreactive antigenic epitopes in the apolipoprotein B-100 component of low density lipoproetin and early experimental observations have provided proof of concept that active vaccination using specific apolipoprotein B-100-related antigens may emerge as a novel immunomodulating atheroprotective strategy.
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| 40. |
- Silfverdal, Sven Arne, et al.
(author)
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Safety profile of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV)
- 2017
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In: Expert Review of Vaccines. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1476-0584 .- 1744-8395. ; 16:2, s. 109-121
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Safety and reactogenicity data were reviewed following 10 years of experience with the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) in clinical development and from post-licensure settings. Analyses of pooled clinical trial data and post-marketing reports provided an overview of its safety profile and allowed assessment of rare adverse events that might not have been identified previously. The safety of PHiD-CV was also evaluated in children at higher risk for pneumococcal infection (preterm and HIV-infected or HIV-exposed infants), for different vaccination schedules and co-administered pediatric vaccines, and with a focus on special categories of adverse events (febrile convulsions, apnea, Kawasaki disease and sudden deaths). Following the distribution of over 235 million doses, PHiD-CV has been well tolerated when co-administered with other pediatric vaccines to children aged less than 5 years from diverse ethnic and geographic backgrounds. Detailed examination of various aspects has confirmed its favorable benefit: risk profile.
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| 41. |
- Sjöling, Åsa, 1968, et al.
(author)
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Implications of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli genomics for vaccine development
- 2015
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In: Expert Review of Vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1476-0584 .- 1744-8395. ; 14:4, s. 551-560
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality caused by diarrhea in children less than 5 years of age in low- and middle-income countries. Despite a wealth of research elucidating the mechanisms of disease, the immunological responses and vaccine development, ETEC is still relatively uncharacterized when it comes to regulation of virulence and detailed immune mechanisms. The recent emergence of next-generation sequencing now offers the possibility to screen genomes of ETEC strains isolated globally to identify novel vaccine targets in addition to those already established. In this review, we discuss how recent findings on ETEC genomics using novel sequencing techniques will aid in finding novel protective antigens that can be used in vaccine approaches.
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| 42. |
- Skog, Johan
(author)
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Glioma-specific antigens for immune tumor therapy.
- 2006
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In: Expert review of vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-8395 .- 1476-0584. ; 5:6, s. 793-802
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This review describes glioma-specific antigens important in immunotherapy of glioma tumors. The structure and function of these antigens and recent immunotherapy data are summarized. Also, some important aspects of tumor formation are outlined. The roles of neuronal precursor cells and tumor stroma cells are discussed. The stroma cells of the tumor may be of interest as a target for tumor therapy, especially since they are less heterogeneous than the tumor cells. To date, the clinical benefit of immunotherapy has been very limited. Immunotherapy is, however, still an extremely promising approach to tumor therapy and it will most likely be implemented as a future treatment option for many types of tumors. The current shortcomings of immunotherapy will probably diminish as we start to understand and are able to modulate tumor-induced immunosuppression. There is also a need for a continued search for new tumor-specific antigens and to optimize protocols for vaccine administration.
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| 43. |
- Svennerholm, Ann-Mari, 1947, et al.
(author)
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Recent progress toward an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli vaccine.
- 2012
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In: Expert review of vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-8395 .- 1476-0584. ; 11:4, s. 495-507
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC) is the most common cause of bacterial diarrhea in children in Africa, Asia and Latin America and in travelers to these regions. Despite this, no effective vaccine for ETEC is available. ETEC causes disease by colonizing the small intestine with colonization factors, most of which are fimbriae, and production of heat-labile and/or heat-stable enterotoxins. Antibodies against heat-labile enterotoxin and the colonization factors have been shown to be protective, and local immunity in the gut seems to be of prime importance for protection. Hence, several inactivated and live candidate ETEC vaccines consisting of toxin antigens, alone or together with colonization factors, have been evaluated in clinical trials. In this review, the authors describe ETEC vaccine development in progress and the rationale for constructing different types of vaccines. They also discuss possibilities of enhancing immune responses to candidate ETEC vaccines, particularly in children.
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| 44. |
- Svennerholm, Ann-Mari, 1947, et al.
(author)
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Vaccines against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
- 2008
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In: Expert review of vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-8395 .- 1476-0584. ; 7:6, s. 795-804
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of diarrhea among children less than 3 years of age in developing countries and in travelers to these areas. The key pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of ETEC are the production of colonization factors (CFs) and a heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and/or a heat-stable enterotoxin. To provide broad-spectrum protection, an ETEC vaccine should, most likely, contain the most prevalent fimbrial antigens, that is, CF antigen I and CS1-CS6, and/or a LT toxoid. Different strategies have been taken to deliver ETEC fimbriae and toxin antigens to the human immune system to elicit strong mucosal, in particular, intestinal immune responses that are considered to be of prime importance for protection against ETEC disease. There has been some promise when testing different ETEC candidate vaccines for protection against diarrhea in adult travelers. However, no ETEC candidate vaccine has been shown to be effective in the most important target group, which is infants and young children in endemic areas. Against this background, intense efforts are in progress to try to improve the immunogenicity of different available candidate vaccines, as well as to develop new types of ETEC vaccines.
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| 45. |
- Tan, Thuan Tong, et al.
(author)
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Current progress of adhesins as vaccine candidates for Moraxella catarrhalis
- 2007
-
In: Expert Review of Vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-8395 .- 1476-0584. ; 6:6, s. 949-956
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Moraxello catorrhalis is an emerging pathogen and all isolates are now considered beta-lactamase producing. Potential further use of vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae means that M. catarrhalis might be thrust further into the limelight. However, a vaccine has not yet been designed. In this review, the progress of M. catarrhalis adhesins as vaccine candidates is discussed with a focus on various candidate antigens that spanned those discovered more than 10 years ago, for example, the ubiquitous surface proteins to newer antigens, such as the Moraxella IgD-binding hemagglutinin.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Vetter, Volker, et al.
(author)
-
Routinely vaccinating adolescents against meningococcus : targeting transmission & disease.
- 2016
-
In: Expert Review of Vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1476-0584 .- 1744-8395. ; 15:5, s. 641-658
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Adolescents have the highest rates of meningococcal carriage and transmission. Interrupting the adolescent habitat in order to reduce carriage and transmission within adolescents and to other age groups could help to control meningococcal disease at a population level. Compared to immunization strategies restricted to young children, a strategy focused on adolescents may have more profound and long-lasting indirect impacts, and may be more cost effective. Despite challenges in reaching this age-group, experience with other vaccines show that high vaccine coverage of adolescents is attainable.
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| 48. |
- Wahren, B, et al.
(author)
-
Therapeutic vaccination against HIV
- 2004
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In: Expert review of vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1476-0584 .- 1744-8395. ; 3:4 Suppl, s. S179-88
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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