| 1. |
- Aggestam, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Feminist digital diplomacy and foreign policy change in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 18:4, s. 314-324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses how the launch of Sweden’s feminist foreign policy marked a change in Sweden’s digital diplomatic efforts. It draws on three strands of research: digital diplomacy, foreign policy analysis (FPA) and feminist scholarship. Informed by FPA, the article explores the relevance of political leadership, bureaucratic agency and political context as drivers of policy change, and, specifically, Sweden’s feminist digital diplomacy. The article provides an empirical case analysis of Sweden’s foreign policy change and conduct of digital diplomacy during the period 2006–2020. It draws on documents available on the official websites of the Government Offices of Sweden and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, including sites such as SwedenAbroad and Swedish Foreign Policy Stories. The article concludes that Sweden acted on a window of opportunity in global politics, which advanced a novel feminist digital diplomacy. Sweden’s competitive edge was based on a strong transformative political leadership in foreign policy, state feminism and an early engagement of digital diplomatic management of its state image online.
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| 2. |
- Andéhn, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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User-generated place brand equity on Twitter: The dynamics of brand associations in social media
- 2014
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 10:2, s. 132-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social media provides a unique opportunity for brand analysis. The mere fact that users create content and messages through social media platforms makes the detailed monitoring of temporal variation in brand images possible. This research analyzes data collected from a specific social media platform, Twitter, about the city of Stockholm over a 3-month period to analyze how social media could be conceptualized as a new venue for place brand meaning formation, and to see how user-generated content pertains to the issue of place brand equity. Using semantic and content analyses, assemblages of place brand-related themes are explored. Subsequently, these assemblages of themes are deconstructed at a conceptual level and then subjected to frequency analysis, revealing an underlying typology based on characteristics of the temporal variation of the various types of brand elements. These results are explored on the basis of both how they apply to the understanding of content on social media in general and how they apply to the online presence, or digital footprint, of place brands.
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| 3. |
- Berg, Per Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Food-branding places – A sensory perspective
- 2014
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Palgrave Macmillan. - 1751-8059 .- 1751-8040. ; 10:4, s. 289-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article takes as its starting point the observation that food, meals and gastronomy are frequently used in the branding of places. The knowledge of how and why this takes place is, however, rather limited, and the aim of this article is thus to identify and describe the role of food, meals and gastronomy in the direct and indirect branding of places. The article contains three main sections, where the first is a clarification of key concepts and the methodology applied. The second part is an account of the ways in which food is used in branding places, based on the observations we have made as part of a multisite field study of large metropolitan cities. The third part of the article is a tentative and illustrated conceptual framework, based on the assumption that places can be seen as sensescapes. Food, meals and gastronomy contribute to the spatial configuration (sensory topography), time-space flow (orchestration) and iconography (sensory mapping) of these place-sensescapes. The conclusion of the article is that the character of a place does not only affect the experience of food and gastronomy in that place, but also that food and gastronomy is – directly and indirectly – affecting the character of the place and its brand-image.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bolin, Göran
(författare)
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Afterword: The construction of markets for place branding and public diplomacy : A view from the north
- 2016
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 12:2, s. 236-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This afterword is an attempt to draw some general conclusions from the case studies presented in the individual articles and try to situate the analyses from these in a broader context of globalisation and modernity. It is specifically argued that symbolic assets and actions are becoming increasingly important for the modern project, and hence that new types of value forms, e.g. sign value, are coming to be important as the basis for the transformation of nations and regions into commodities. The article ends with discussing some epistemological and ontological implications for future research in this area.
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| 6. |
- Bolin, Göran, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Nation branding vs. nation building revisited : Ukrainian information management in the face of the Russian invasion
- 2023
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Palgrave Macmillan. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 19, s. 218-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article re-evaluates some of the previous assumptions made related to the communication practices and information management in Ukraine since before the Euromaidan revolution in 2013. We highlight two points where previous knowledge about nation branding and nation building must be rethought in light of the latest developments Firstly, nation branding is no longer exclusively an activity that is directed to an audience of foreign investors and tourists, but also toward the international field of politics. Simultaneously, it is also clearly directed toward a domestic audience-the citizens of Ukraine. Secondly, this means that there may no longer be any sharp distinction between nation building and nation branding-at least not in times of an ongoing armed conflict.
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| 7. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Translating public diplomacy and nation branding in Scandinavia : An institutional approach to the Cartoon Crises
- 2016
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 12:3, s. 172-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nation branding has been criticised for leading to the homogenisation and depoliticisation of national interest and identity. This study examines the politics of nation branding in relation to its configuration with public diplomacy and the institutional policy context in which they are embedded. Informed by Scandinavian institutionalism and the analytical concept of translation, the study reveals that the way that nation branding relates to public diplomacy within an institutional context sets the frame for its politicisation. Translation enables the understanding of nation branding as a dynamic process of becoming that unfolds in relation to time and place. The research contributes to a more nuanced view on nation branding in presenting its toolbox practices as less determined by a corporate marketing logic. Despite the uniformity that allegedly characterises nation branding practices, the processes by which nation branding initiatives are implemented in Scandinavia are found to differ profoundly.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Falkheimer, Jesper
(författare)
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Place branding in the Øresund region : From a transnational region to a bi-national city-region
- 2016
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 12:2-3, s. 160-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Øresund Region that connects Copenhagen metropolitan area in Denmark and Southern Sweden is an interesting example of a European cross-border collaboration. In this article, the contemporary development of the region and the place branding process is described. The aim is to increase understanding of how a complex and bi-national place brand is developed in a process of continuous change due to societal and political contexts. The article is inspired by a theoretical framework for place branding based on ideas from corporate branding (Kavaratzis, 2004) and organizational identity (Kavaratzis & Hatch, 2013), and emphasizes the role of media. The place branding process is defined in three contemporary phases: the public opinion phase, the invoking of a transnational brand phase, and the Europe of City-Regions phase. The analysis leads to two main conclusions: (1) the development of the current place brand at hand mirrors a possible change in geo-spatial focus in: from a transnational approach toward a bi-national city-based approach and (2) the case study suggests that a strategic communication logic, focusing residents rather than the wills of elites, is more relevant to such cases than a marketing logic.
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| 10. |
- Fredholm, Susanne, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Managing the image of the place and the past: Contemporary views on place branding and heritage management
- 2018
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 14, s. 141-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 Macmillan Publishers Ltd. This article is concerned with the practice of local and regional development and planning from a place branding and heritage management perspective. The aim is to highlight similar theoretical underpinnings in place branding and heritage management literature, and through a case study of a historical site - Fröå Mine in Åre, Sweden - to shed light on how these theoretical perspectives are balanced in practice. In theory, image-making and the inclusion of the public are core foundations for both place branding and heritage management, whereas various factors identified through the case study indicate that practice does not recognize these core values. In conclusion, we argue that the two fields of study have quite a lot to learn from each other, particularly perceiving heritage as a sociocultural construct as well as recognizing a particular site from internal market demand and layman perspectives.
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| 11. |
- Hedling, Elsa
(författare)
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Storytelling in EU public diplomacy : reputation management and recognition of success
- 2020
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8059 .- 1751-8040. ; 16:2, s. 143-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article draws attention to storytelling in public diplomacy. Based on interviews with officials in the European External Action Service (EEAS) and a campaign on social media, it explores storytelling in EU public diplomacy. It treats storytell-ing as narrative strategies that tap into the power of dramaturgy and visual elements to mediate emotions and identity in international politics. This understanding of storytelling is discussed in relation to three interrelated bodies of literature of relevance to the digitalization of public diplomacy. The study traces how storytelling in the EEAS stems from the norm of engagement, intends for a process of legitimation through techniques of representation, and has the goal of recognition. The analysis illustrates the conceptualization of storytelling focusing on the communication of the European Union’s Global Strategy launched in June 2016. The article finds the role of storytelling to be a result of the perceived new urgency of engaging domestic publics in EU foreign policy. In this context the role of stories to evoke emotions and the opportunities on social media to project these stories, are highly valued.
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| 12. |
- Heldt Cassel, Susanna
(författare)
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Trying to be Attractive : Image Building and Identity Formation in Small Industrial Municipalities in Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Palgrave Macmillan. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 4:2, s. 102-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Efforts of creating and communicating positive images constitute a considerable part of contemporary regional development strategies. The use of different marketing practices has become a popular way to promote attractiveness for tourists, business and in-migrants in growth regions as well as in peripheral and economically vulnerable regions across Europe. In this article I explore the employment of different place marketing strategies as a development tool in specific local contexts. The study aims at understanding the role of place marketing in the process of image building in municipalities with experiences of negative economic development and unfavourable images. The empirical material used consists of a case study with six small industrial municipalities in the Swedish Bergslagen region. Strategies of image building are described and analysed by using a conceptual model of different cultural economy approaches to development. The case study indicates that place marketing in a broader sense should not only be looked upon as a matter of selling the municipality to outsiders such as tourists and potential in-migrants. In some types of municipalities, place marketing efforts are rather a matter of adding new aspects to, or entirely changing the place brand. An important target group is in this case the inhabitants of the region. By selling itself to ‘insiders’ the municipalities are trying to create a discourse of attractiveness.
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| 13. |
- Horbyk, Roman, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Transmedia storytelling and memetic warfare : Ukraine's wartime public diplomacy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Palgrave Macmillan. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 19:2, s. 228-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ukraine has long been perceived internationally as a troubled post-Soviet country with crucial internal divisions. The "cleft" country narrative was dominant across media, expert, and even academic discourses. The 2022 full-scale unprovoked invasion by Russia has led, among other things, to the striking change of narrative about Ukraine. Instead of being portrayed by others, Ukraine has managed to advance its own strategic narrative-one of a brave, unified, and defiant nation, struggling against an evil empire. We discuss several factors that can explain the successful advent of the new narrative. While peculiarities of global journalistic storytelling contributed to the oversimplified narrative of Ukraine as a divided country before the full-scale invasion, the new narrative has benefited from these inherent features of journalistic coverage as well. Ukraine's wartime public diplomacy has largely relied on effective transmedia storytelling. Embracing the third phase of mediatization, Ukraine has mastered memetic warfare of various formats across different media platforms. The case of Ukraine's storytelling approach in times of war suggests the need for further exploration of the mechanisms of transmedia storytelling and its implications for public diplomacy research.
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| 14. |
- Jansson, David, 1967-
(författare)
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Branding Åland, branding Ålanders : reflections on place identity and globalization in a Nordic archipelago
- 2012
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Macmillan Publishers Ltd.. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 8:2, s. 119-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The process commonly called globalization is associated with, among other things, an increasing economic connectedness and dependence between places, as well as the long-distance migration of people from and to all corners ofthe world. The analysis in this article considers these two ways in which economic globalization brings the world together by relating these processes to two different senses of the word brand: place branding (defined as ‘competitive identity’) and what we may call social branding, or the construction of social identities based on ethnic appearance. It does so by considering the case of the Åland Islands, a Swedish speaking, autonomous region belonging to Finland. The article attempts to offer insights into some of the ways in which competitive identity can be linked with a kind of social change (represented by the notion of ‘brand promise’) that increases tolerance and inclusiveness. Through its comprehensive nature (linking culture, identity and economy) and its focus on behavior, the notion of competitive identity allows us to see how ‘place branding’ might open up ‘possibilities for becoming’ that reflect evolutions in the ways in which Ålanders define themselves; the concept also ties such evolutions in identity to the broader economic activities that help to produce a place’s image and that set the stage for future economic activity.
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| 15. |
- Jernsand, Eva Maria, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Participatory place branding through design: the case of Dunga beach in Kisumu, Kenya
- 2015
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 11:3, s. 226-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For place branding to reach long-term commitment and legitimacy a large number of stakeholders needs to be involved. This calls for innovative ways of approaching the process itself, permitting it to be participatory and changeable. In this article, the purpose is to describe, in detail, how a place branding process can take place in practice, and illustrate how an integration of design can act as a mean to reach community participation. The example is a tourism development case in Kisumu, Kenya where the authors were actively involved in destination branding. The findings show how the empathic and intuitive process of design allows each activity to lead to the other in an evolutionary way, and how visual tools can strengthen communication between participants as well as stimulate idea generation. The implication is that place branding should be viewed as consisting of several ongoing processes with multiple stakeholders. With the introduction of evolutionary and visual elements to these processes, they become more participatory, changeable and sustainable.
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| 16. |
- Jezierska, Katarzyna, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Taming feminism? : The place of gender equality in the "Progressive Sweden" brand
- 2018
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 4:1, s. 55-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As prior work on nation branding in Japan, Canada and Iceland has shown, gender can be an important component in nation branding. This article looks at the evolution of the idea of gender equality as a “Swedish” trait, from the initial incorporation of gender equality in Swedish state identity in the 1990s to contemporary nation branding. Based on standard discourse analysis of branding documents, branding websites and social media presence administered by the public diplomacy agency, the Swedish Institute, we show that gender equality remains a central pillar in the “Progressive Sweden” brand. In contrast with other national brands, “Progressive Sweden” is devoid of the more androcentric narratives and sexually objectifying representations of women. However, the “Progressive Sweden” narrative sports its own peculiarities, as it presents a liberal dreamscape that slides between utopian ideals and generalizations about “Sweden” as a unified actor whose population shares behaviors and goals. Discord and political struggle are written out of this narrative. Despite its rhetorical centrality in Swedish foreign policy, feminism thus disappears from view in the “Progressive Sweden” brand. The article ends with some considerations for the future of Swedish nation branding.
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| 17. |
- Kaneva, Nadia, et al.
(författare)
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Centering Gender in Public Diplomacy and Nation Branding: An Invitation to Reimagine the Future of the Field
- 2022
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 18:4, s. 305-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inspired by feminist thought, this special issue aims to disturb conventional ways of thinking about public diplomacy and nation branding as “soft power” tools of the state. A feminist rethinking of the soft/hard power metaphor reveals its implicit masculinist logic and invites a critical exploration of the gendering of geopolitical contestations. This issue takes one step in addressing this gap and aims to inspire further inquiry into the gender dynamics of geopolitical influence. This introductory essay is organized in four parts. First, it reviews how gender is currently addressed in public diplomacy and nation branding research. Next, it points out several social and geopolitical trends that contextualize the need for a greater engagement with questions of gender. Third, the six articles included in the issue are introduced. Finally, the concluding section outlines directions for future research, organized around the themes of performativity, relationality, and ethics of care. The essay’s key argument is that a focus on gender dynamics in public diplomacy and nation branding must involve more than a challenge to structures of gender inequality and oppression; it must also include a rethinking of the foundational assumptions about human autonomy, rationality, and ethical action that underpin international relations.
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| 18. |
- Karlsson, Isabelle
(författare)
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“We try to be nuanced everywhere all the time”: Sweden’s feminist foreign policy and discursive closure in public diplomacy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8059 .- 1751-8040. ; 18:4, s. 325-334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines how public diplomacy practitioners deal with gender dynamics as a form of ideological issue in foreignpolicy. Informed by the theory of discursive closure, this study focuses on understanding how Swedish public diplomacypractitioners make sense of the country’s feminist foreign policy in their daily work and what consequences this has for thecommunication of it. Based on semi-structured interviews and policy documents, the research fnds that the practitionersdiscursively enact certain meanings of the feminist foreign policy. This is illustrated as downplaying and packaging feminismas entertainment, associating feminism with male practices and the terminology of “gender equality,” and subordinatingfeminism to an economic growth paradigm. Thus, the tension created by the issues raised in the feminist foreign policy isneutralized in Sweden's public diplomacy while a diferent meaning of these issues is created. The research contributes to amore practitioner-focused view on public diplomacy.
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| 19. |
- Källström, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Branding Kristianstad : a case of rebranding and stakeholder engagement
- 2023
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kristianstad is today in the process of implementing its third place brand in less than 20 years. The purpose of this case study is to describe Kristianstad’s place branding journey with a special focus on the place stakeholders and their involvement and engagement—a case of both rebranding and participatory place branding. The case study describes Kristianstad’s three distinct branding initiatives, with focus on their initiators, engagement and implementation. It is based on a collaboration with Kristianstad municipality and a descriptive approach was employed. Empirical materials were collected through interviews and active participation in workshops and meetings. The case describes Kristianstad’s place branding journey and illustrates how place stakeholders’ previous involvement and experiences influence their behaviours and perceptions of the current place brand as well as the continuing place branding process. The three main takeaways are: past experiences matter; it matters where the place brand initiative comes from; and engagement matters more than profile. Kristianstad municipality’s place branding journey shows the difficulties with rebranding a place, more specifically highlighting place stakeholders’ engagement over time.
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| 20. |
- Källström, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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“My green heart” : an inclusive place branding process facilitated by design thinking
- 2021
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today it is commonly known that the most effective place branding initiatives are those involving a wide range of place stakeholders. However, few empirical studies show how this can be carried out in practice and little is known about how residents experience participating in place branding initiatives. Design Thinking uses divergent and convergent thinking, creativity, visualization and prototyping to develop ideas and solutions. Inspired by participatory action research, the current study develops and evaluates a framework inspired by Design Thinking for how stakeholders can be involved in a place branding process and value the outcome of such an approach. Observations are complemented by qualitative questionnaires capturing the stakeholders’ perceptions and interviews with public officials. The study shows that Design Thinking facilitates an inclusive place branding process, as the framework developed, titled “The Inclusive Place Diamond”, encourages inclusion and strengthens the sense of meaning making at the same time as it reinforces a broad sense of ownership. Still, conflicting images complicate the process and some resistance towards losing power is observed. One of the key insights is that a process inspired by Design Thinking entails that the implementation of the place brand starts already when stakeholders are invited to the process and continues as a key feature of the evolving process.
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| 21. |
- Källström, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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“My green heart” : an inclusive place branding process facilitated by design thinking
- 2021
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 17, s. 278-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today it is commonly known that the most effective place branding initiatives are those involving a wide range of place stakeholders. However, few empirical studies show how this can be carried out in practice and little is known about how residents experience participating in place branding initiatives. Design Thinking uses divergent and convergent thinking, creativity, visualization and prototyping to develop ideas and solutions. Inspired by participatory action research, the current study develops and evaluates a framework inspired by Design Thinking for how stakeholders can be involved in a place branding process and value the outcome of such an approach. Observations are complemented by qualitative questionnaires capturing the stakeholders’ perceptions and interviews with public officials. The study shows that Design Thinking facilitates an inclusive place branding process, as the framework developed, titled “The Inclusive Place Diamond”, encourages inclusion and strengthens the sense of meaning making at the same time as it reinforces a broad sense of ownership. Still, conflicting images complicate the process and some resistance towards losing power is observed. One of the key insights is that a process inspired by Design Thinking entails that the implementation of the place brand starts already when stakeholders are invited to the process and continues as a key feature of the evolving process.
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| 22. |
- Källström, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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The role of place in city centre retailing
- 2021
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 17:1, s. 36-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- City centre offerings, including shopping, restaurants and cafés, and a lively atmosphere are vital place attributes, which together with several other elements create an attractive place. However, city centre retailing is facing serious competition from e-commerce and external shopping malls, and dying city centres appear to have become a worldwide epidemic in the last decade. To retain visitors in the city centre is a prioritized issue and a current topic, for both retail and place branding research. In the present study the role of different elements of city centre retailing in the promotion of a city as a retail destination is explored by analysing photos published on Instagram by a Town Centre Management initiative. The following research question is answered: What role can the place play in city centre retailing? The study is inter-disciplinary, showing how retail attributes and place elements can reinforce each other and together offer opportunities for unique customer experience in a city centre, for the benefit of both retailing and the city brand. Three dominant visual themes of the place’s role in the marketing of a city centre are identified: the place as a frame, the place as a living room, and the place as a stage.
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| 23. |
- Källström, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Unravelling the link between actors’ roles in place branding processes and brand citizenship behaviour
- 2024
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both scholars and practitioners agree that stakeholder participation in place branding processes is important for enhancing their support, often referred to as Brand Citizenship Behaviour (BCB). Stakeholder participation can be varied and is often linked to the different roles that place stakeholders can adopt in the place branding process. The literature suggests a link between different stakeholder roles taken along the branding process (from decision-making to implementation) and their voluntary and active supportive behaviours towards the brand project. Despite this recognition, many aspects related to place stakeholders’ roles and BCB remain underexplored, particularly what leads stakeholder to adopt certain roles and engage in behaviours associated with such roles. This study aims to fill this gap by using role theory as a theoretical lens to conceptually explore the different roles actors adopt in the place branding process, their motivations to adopting a certain role and the behavioural expectations that come with such roles. Given the complexity of places and interactive nature of place branding, we also reflect on the fluid and interrelated nature of such roles as they are constantly (re)shaped in the interactions between place stakeholders.
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| 24. |
- Lucarelli, Andrea
(författare)
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Co-branding public place brands : towards an alternative approach to place branding
- 2018
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8059 .- 1751-8040. ; 14:4, s. 260-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contrary to the traditional understanding of place branding inspired by product, service and corporation branding, the present paper adopts place branding interdisciplinary literature in order to develop a conceptual framework that focuses on the constituting features of place brands as a form of public brands. The paper suggests the way place brands are constituted is via a co-branded complex and dynamic process in a constant state of change shaped by the interaction of several public brands in particular time-space frames. The co-branded process allows researchers and practitioners to better understand the conditions under which place brands and place brand efforts are emerging. Despite that, the type of co-branded process described in the paper also points out that the process does not necessarily create a linear positive add-on value for all parts involved. Rather, the co-branded process here is fragmented and based on spatial, political and real meaning contexts. The framework is illustrated empirically from material retrieved from a study of a regional branding process. The article concludes with a note on the political dimension of applying a co-branding lens on the public sphere.
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| 25. |
- Lucarelli, Andrea, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping the role of public actors in the constitution of place brand publics in social media
- 2024
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 20, s. 322-334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper ofers an analytical approach to map and analyze the role of public actors in the digital constitution of place brands. By tracking how diferent public actors contribute to the shaping of brand publics—specifcally via the constitution of brand intangibles—this study examines how digitalization can challenge the traditional public–private dichotomy in administrative entities like municipalities, regions, and cities in creating specifc social media brand publics. Within the contours of the study, digitalization refers to the shift of communication channels used by place-based public authorities, institutions, and organizations to digital venues as these actors follow the emergence of brand publics on these newer platforms. Additionally, the approach makes it possible to discuss the networked public brands as mechanisms to manage the numerous stakeholders creating branding messages within geographical associations. To demonstrate the characteristics of the analytical approach its potential, the study uses as illustrative example the Swedish county of Östergötland, and its two municipalities, Linköping and Norrköping. Following an actor-related approach to Social Media Analytics (SMA), 939,758 publicly posted contents generated in blogs, Facebook, forums, and Twitter are used as the empirical dataset. In addition to its analytical contributions, the approach also presents practical and conceptual implications by operationalizing how place-based public institutions, organizations, and sectors can use brand publics not only to infuence reputation but also to promote specifc brand publics for places in their daily communication in digital spheres.
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| 26. |
- Löfgren, Orvar
(författare)
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Urban atmospheres as brandscapes and lived experiences
- 2014
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 10:4, s. 255-266
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years the concept of urban atmosphere seems to appear everywhere – discussed as a marketing strategy, part of an eventscape, a crucial element in place-marketing or a key feature in the production of brandscapes. An attractive city should contain settings with attractive atmosphere or ambiance. This paper discusses what we can learn from this rapid expansion. What happens when the elusive phenomenon of atmospheres becomes part of planning and performance in new and old cities? Atmospheres are difficult to pre-fabricate, to sustain or control. Drawing on an ongoing research project on the making and un-making of urban atmospheres I will discuss different approaches to the study of such sensory landscape. I track the travels of the concept of atmosphere both in academic research and among practitioners in city planning and branding. Two cases of intensive branding in Denmark and Sweden are followed as they are transformed over a decade of city development.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Merkelsen, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Nation branding as an emerging field – An institutionalist perspective
- 2016
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 12:2-3, s. 99-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nation branding is a remarkable phenomenon. In less than two decades, it has established itself as the preferred framework for interstate strategic communication and as an emerging academic field. The paper describes how this extraordinary expansion was possible by showing how nation branding presents itself as a theoretical possibility and a practical necessity. We propose that what made a travel possible from product branding via corporate branding to nation branding was the semantic flexibility of the brand concept. We argue that the brand concept is almost void of meaning and that this feature has been an indispensable requisite for establishing nation branding as a field of practice and as an academic field. Despite the indisputable academic productivity that is a result of the vagueness of the brand concept, we suggest that to reach a normal science-like situation in the field of nation branding a clarification and systematization of central concepts is needed.
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| 30. |
- Pamment, James
(författare)
-
Foresight Revisited : Visions of 21st Century Diplomacy
- 2018
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 14:1, s. 47-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1999, the Foreign & Commonwealth Office (FCO) board sanctioned an internal report into how the organisation should look in 2010. It was conducted by the successor generation of faststream diplomats and was eventually completed in 2000. The Foresight Report was never released into the public domain, and indeed its existence was not openly acknowledged for a further 3 years. In particular, a controversial “memo to ministers,” criticising the interaction between elected officials and diplomats, created a major stir behind the scenes. Its discussions of digital technologies and the role of public discourse in diplomacy paint a compelling picture of the institution in a process of irreversible change. As a document marking the crossroads between the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first, Foresight provides crucial insight into the currents and trends motivating diplomatic reform. This article focuses upon visions of twenty-first century British diplomacy from the perspective of the late 1990s. Its particular point of interest is in the trajectories surrounding the future of diplomats, digital technologies, public diplomacy, and the integration of the FCO in Whitehall.
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| 31. |
- Pamment, James
(författare)
-
How the Kremlin circumvented EU sanctions on Russian state media in the first weeks of the illegal invasion of Ukraine
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 19:2, s. 200-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This forum article is about the EU’s sanctions levelled at Russian state media, and the steps the Kremlin took to ensure its war propaganda continued to reach Europe. The article examines Kremlin efforts to coordinate cross-platform influence operations on Telegram, as well as the role of digital diplomacy accounts in partially replacing state media reach. This leads to a discussion on the role of digital diplomacy in war propaganda and some of the consequences for the future of this research field.
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| 32. |
- Pamment, James, 1977-
(författare)
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Innovations in public diplomacy and nation brands: Inside the House of Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - New York : Palgrave Macmillan. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 9:7, s. 127-135
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article investigates innovations in public diplomacy and nation brands through the example of Sweden s Embassy in Washington, DC, the House of Sweden (HoS). The analysis explores the styles of communication and public outreach made possible by the interaction between its architectural design, brand values and public diplomacy applications. Aimed at practitioners and scholars with an interest in public diplomacy and nation brands, this article assesses the activities, impact and implications of the House as a platform for public diplomacy. In addition to using the HoS as a case study in its own right, the article discusses some of the unique events hosted there, as well as related experiments such as the Second House designed for virtual world Second Life
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| 33. |
- Pamment, James
(författare)
-
Introduction : Why the Nordic region?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 12:2-3, s. 91-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Nordic region is much admired around the world, but how much of what we know about these countries has been shaped by their adoption of placebranding and public diplomacy techniques? This collection of academic articles and practitioner essays digs beneath the veneer of their branding and PD practices to investigate not just the best practice of how the Nordic region has successfully projected its image, but also the weaknesses, clashes and contradictions. This introduction makes the case for what might be called an Anglo-Nordic orthodoxy in the underlying approaches to place branding and public diplomacy, through the example of Norway’s adoption of these techniques in the early 2000s. It then provides an overview of the articles included in this double special issue.
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| 34. |
- Pamment, James
(författare)
-
Special issue on sports diplomacy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 15:3, s. 145-146
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 35. |
- Pamment, James
(författare)
-
Sweden, Inc and the campaign to sell JAS-Gripen to the Swiss electorate
- 2016
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8059 .- 1751-8040. ; 12:2-3, s. 218-231
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In January 2014, it emerged that manufacturer Saab had provided financial backing to the “yes” campaign for a referendum on whether Switzerland should purchase 22 JAS-Gripen aircraft. Although the funds were immediately returned, a second story broke in February revealing the detailed involvement of the Swedish Embassy in the broader coordination of a public diplomacy campaign to support the “yes” vote. Under the heading “Sweden, Inc”, leaked documents demonstrated the close cooperation between corporate actor Saab, the Swedish ambassador, defence attaché and other governmental actors, and Swiss politicians and military associations in creating a diplomatic, political and media climate conducive to a successful vote. This article provides a close analysis of the scandal in order to contribute to the broader understanding of public diplomacy and nation brands theory and practice in a number of relevant areas. First, it addresses the role of ethics in funding influence campaigns. Second, it analyses the practical relationship between PD and place branding. Third, it investigates the ways in which collaboration and competition are invoked in the campaign. Fourth is an analysis of the roles of public and private actors to better understand their impact on campaign agendas.
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| 36. |
- Peighambari, Kaveh, et al.
(författare)
-
Two tales of one city: Image versus identity
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 12:4, s. 314-328
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By applying the concepts of brand personality and attitudinal loyalty of a city as a brand, the objective of this study is to investigate the perceived place brand identity versus image and to empirically examine and compare their relationships with loyalty toward a city as a brand. This is to make a comparison between two groups of internal stakeholders; namely, residents of a city (image) and city officials(identity). The results indicate that there exists a great difference in the components of loyalty between city officials and the residents of the city. The results also reveal that how brand personality of the studied city is perceived varies between the two groups of internal stakeholders evaluated in this study. As the results of this study shift the focus from tourist (external) stakeholder to the internal ones representingtwo different internal perspectives of a city, they constitute a significant contribution to the process of city brand personality creation. This is of importance since the starting point in communicating the attractiveness of a city to the external stakeholders is how the city is perceived as a brand from its internal stakeholders’ perspectives.
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| 37. |
- Rasmussen, Rasmus K., et al.
(författare)
-
The risks of nation branding as crisis response: A case study of how the Danish government turned the Cartoon Crisis into a struggle with Globalization
- 2014
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 10, s. 230-248
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we investigate the limitations of organization-centric models for crisis communication in handling place crises. Two distinct types of place crisis are identified as what we respectively term the ‘sudden’ and the ‘ongoing’ type. We point out that place branding traditionally has been used to handle the latter type. We then demonstrate how the inspiration from corporate communication in place branding has led to a fixation on reputation, which becomes salient when place branding is used as crisis communication in sudden crisis. Here the corporate inspiration tends to rule out alternative strategies for handling crises based on ‘societal models’. Through a case study of Denmark’s so-called Cartoon Crisis we demonstrate how crisis communication falls short of coping aptly with the complexity of the crisis due to the branding-inspired translation from ‘sudden’ to ‘ongoing’ crisis. We thus argue that the Danish government’s solution in nation branding aimed at the reputational implications failed to address the immediate consequences of the crisis vis-à-vis national security and exports. And that this solution in turn created the reputation as additional risk. We conclude that a broader societal perspective on crises therefore is needed in the emerging academic literature on place crisis communication.
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| 38. |
- Simons, Greg, 1969-
(författare)
-
Taking New Public Diplomacy Online : China and Russia
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Palgrave Macmillan. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 11:2, s. 111-124
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Russia and China have become significant players in terms of their activity within public diplomacy (PD), in a relatively short space of time. This article seeks to address the way these two countries manage the concept and practice of PD in an online communication environment (namely, Websites and social media). Cases will be used to illustrate how this is managed in practice. The case of the South China Seas dispute and the Ukrainian crisis will be used to demonstrate how these difficult issues are managed. There are a number of similarities between the two countries, but also some significant differences. Russia tends to express communication in terms of competing sets of norms and values, whereas the values and ideological concepts are more rigidly defined within the Chinese case.
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| 39. |
- Simons, Greg
(författare)
-
Taking the new public diplomacy online : Russia and China
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 11:2, s. 111-124
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Russia and China have become significant players in terms of their activity within public diplomacy (PD), in a relatively short space of time. This article seeks to address the way these two countries manage the concept and practice of PD in an online communication environment (namely, Websites and social media). Cases will be used to illustrate how this is managed in practice. The case of the South China Seas dispute and the Ukrainian crisis will be used to demonstrate how these difficult issues are managed. There are a number of similarities between the two countries, but also some significant differences. Russia tends to express communication in terms of competing sets of norms and values, whereas the values and ideological concepts are more rigidly defined within the Chinese case.
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| 40. |
- Sjöberg, Magdalena
(författare)
-
From a bad to good reputation : a case study illustrating the re-branding of a stigmatized neighbourhood in Sweden
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Nature. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neighbourhoods with low social capital and bad reputations are becoming even more deprived, with increased homelessness, poverty and gang violence. In Sweden, and internationally, there is a need for knowledge of ways to stimulate positive regeneration of neighbourhoods with a bad reputation. This ethnographical case study explores regeneration factors in a neighbourhood that was transformed over 14 years from one with low social capital and a bad reputation to one with higher social capital and a good reputation. Three key factors in this positive regeneration and de-stigmatization process of a neighbourhood with an undesirable reputation were identified: the engagement of private sector actors with place branding and spatial anchorage skills; collaborative co-creation; and home-love with emotion-based building. The findings regarding this successful case highlight the importance of collaboration and including actors with re-branding skills when rewriting the narrative of a stigmatized neighbourhood.
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| 41. |
- Syssner, Josefina, 1973-
(författare)
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Placebranding in a Multi Level Perspective
- 2010
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Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - United Kingdom : Palgrave Macmillan. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 6, s. 36-48
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article proceeds from the basic assumption that place branding is a place-creating process. Its main argument, however, is that these acts of place creation must be understood from a multi-level perspective. To substantiate this argument, the author provides empirical evidence from four spatial levels, namely, a neighbourhood, a municipality, a functional region and a county in Sweden. The empirical data show that at all these four levels place-branding actors use two particular techniques – spatial positioning and spatial anchorage – in order to communicate the space they wish to promote. The techniques of anchorage and positioning create a complex web of branded places, which, the author argues, can be understood only from a multi-level perspective on place branding.
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| 42. |
- Taecharungroj, Viriya, et al.
(författare)
-
Decoding Nordic cities : uncovering multi-level place experiences from tweets for effective city branding
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - London : Palgrave Macmillan. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 20:2, s. 157-179
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research focuses on the significance of place experiences in shaping effective place branding strategies. It introduces anovel method that leverages social media data analytics to uncover and understand place experiences, addressing the challengesof capturing these elusive experiences. The study examines the 20 major cities in the Nordic region, investigating bothcommon and distinctive place experiences among them. Additionally, it explores the changes in place experiences duringthe COVID-19 pandemic, shedding light on the impact of the crisis on people’s experiences in those cities. The researchcollected a dataset of 1,943,772 tweets associated with the 20 cities from 2017 to 2022, and employed various analyticaltechniques including topic modelling, associative word analysis, and principal component analysis to analyse and visualisethe place experiences. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the practical applications of generative AI in place branding byusing Midjourney and GPT-4 to create branding materials that capture the unique experiences of a city. Overall, the researchcontributes to the understanding of place experiences, introduces a multi-level perspective, and highlights the potential ofgenerative AI in place branding. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
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| 43. |
- Åkerlund, Andreas, 1977-
(författare)
-
Transition aid and creating economic growth : Academic exchange between Sweden and Eastern Europe through the Swedish Institute 1990-2010
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 12:2-3, s. 124-138
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989 Sweden set aside large sums for development assistance for the neighboring countries around the Baltic Sea as a part of the general European assistance to Eastern Europe. The Swedish Public Diplomacy institution, the Swedish Institute (SI), was assigned the task to carry out large scholarship programs for the region, larger than the Institute had ever handled before. This turn towards Eastern Europe was the start for a change in the focus of Swedish Public Diplomacy in general which in turn led to a restructuring of the Institute. The article investigates this development on two levels. First of all it traces the different political motives behind the post-1990 exchange programs in order to explain which role academic exchange with Sweden was supposed to play within the Eastern European postcommunist transition. Secondly it investigates what this politically motivated Swedish interest in Eastern Europe has meant for the Swedish Institute as an organization and for contemporary Swedish public diplomacy in general.
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| 44. |
- Fredheim, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing the risks and opportunities posed by AI-enhanced influence operations on social media
-
Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - 1751-8040.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 have the potential to dramatically change the landscape of influence operations. They can generate persuasive, tailored content at scale, making campaigns using falsified content, such as disinformation and fake accounts, easier to produce. Advances in self-hosted open-source models have meant that adversaries can evade content moderation and security checks built into large commercial models such as those commercialised by Anthropic, Google, and OpenAI. New multi-lingual models make it easier than ever for foreign adversaries to pose as local actors. This article examines the heightened threats posed by synthetic media, as well as the potential that these tools hold for creating effective countermeasures. It begins with assessing the challenges posed by a toxic combination of automated bots, human-controlled troll accounts, and more targeted social engineering operations. However, the second part of the article assesses the potential for these same tools to improve detection. Promising countermeasures include running internal generative models to bolster training data for internal classifiers, detecting statistical anomalies, identifying output from common prompts, and building specialised classifiers optimised for specific monitoring needs.
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| 45. |
-
Gender Dynamics in Public Diplomacy and Nation Branding
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - 1751-8040. ; 18:4
-
Annan publikation (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inspired by feminist thought, this special issue aims to disturb conventional ways of thinking about public diplomacy and nation branding as “soft power” tools of the state. A feminist rethinking of the soft/hard power metaphor reveals its implicit masculinist logic and invites a critical exploration of the gendering of geopolitical contestations. This issue takes one step in addressing this gap and aims to inspire further inquiry into the gender dynamics of geopolitical influence.
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| 46. |
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