| 1. |
- Ahmad, Azeem, et al.
(författare)
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Data visualisation in continuous integration and delivery : Information needs, challenges, and recommendations
- 2022
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Ingår i: IET Software. - : WILEY. - 1751-8806 .- 1751-8814. ; 16:3, s. 331-349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several operations, ranging from regular code updates to compiling, building, testing, and distribution to customers, are consolidated in continuous integration and delivery. Professionals seek additional information to complete the mission at hand during these tasks. Developers who devote a large amount of time and effort to finding such information may become distracted from their work. We will better understand the processes, procedures, and resources used to deliver a quality product on time by defining the types of information that software professionals seek. A deeper understanding of software practitioners information needs has many advantages, including remaining competitive, growing knowledge of issues that can stymie a timely update, and creating a visualisation tool to assist practitioners in addressing their information needs. This is an extension of a previous work done by the authors. The authors conducted a multiple-case holistic study with six different companies (38 unique participants) to identify information needs in continuous integration and delivery. This study attempts to capture the importance, frequency, required effort (e.g. sequence of actions required to collect information), current approach to handling, and associated stakeholders with respect to identified needs. 27 information needs associated with different stakeholders (i.e. developers, testers, project managers, release team, and compliance authority) were identified. The identified needs were categorised as testing, code & commit, confidence, bug, and artefacts. Apart from identifying information needs, practitioners face several challenges in developing visualisation tools. Thus, 8 challenges that were faced by the practitioners to develop/maintain visualisation tools for the software team were identified. The recommendations from practitioners who are experts in developing, maintaining, and providing visualisation services to the software team were listed.
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| 2. |
- Ahmed, Bestoun S., 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Code-Aware Combinatorial Interaction Testing
- 2019
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Ingår i: IET Software. - London, England : Institution of Engineering and Technology. - 1751-8806 .- 1751-8814. ; 13:6, s. 600-609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combinatorial interaction testing (CIT) is a useful testing technique to address the interaction of input parameters in software systems. In many applications, the technique has been used as a systematic sampling technique to sample the enormous possibilities of test cases. In the last decade, most of the research activities focused on the generation of CIT test suites as it is a computationally complex problem. Although promising, less effort has been paid for the application of CIT. In general, to apply the CIT, practitioners must identify the input parameters for the Software-under-test (SUT), feed these parameters to the CIT tool to generate the test suite, and then run those tests on the application with some pass and fail criteria for verification. Using this approach, CIT is used as a black-box testing technique without knowing the effect of the internal code. Although useful, practically, not all the parameters having the same impact on the SUT. This paper introduces a different approach to use the CIT as a gray-box testing technique by considering the internal code structure of the SUT to know the impact of each input parameter and thus use this impact in the test generation stage. We applied our approach to five reliable case studies. The results showed that this approach would help to detect new faults as compared to the equal impact parameter approach.
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| 3. |
- Avritzer, Alberto, et al.
(författare)
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Generating Test Cases Using using a Performability Model
- 2011
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Ingår i: IET Software. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-8806 .- 1751-8814. ; 5:2, s. 113-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors present a new approach for the automated generation of test cases to be used for demonstrating the reliability of large industrial mission-critical systems. In this study they extend earlier work by using a performability model to track resource usage and resource failures. Results from the transient Markov chain analysis are used to estimate the software reliability at a given system execution time.
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| 4. |
- Bennin, Kwabena Ebo, et al.
(författare)
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An empirical study on the effectiveness of data resampling approaches for cross‐project software defect prediction
- 2022
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Ingår i: IET Software. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1751-8806 .- 1751-8814. ; 16:2, s. 185-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cross‐project defect prediction (CPDP), where data from different software projects are used to predict defects, has been proposed as a way to provide data for software projects that lack historical data. Evaluations of CPDP models using the Nearest Neighbour (NN)Filter approach have shown promising results in recent studies. A key challenge with defect‐prediction datasets is class imbalance, that is, highly skewed datasets where nonbuggy modules dominate the buggy modules. In the past, data resampling approaches have been applied to within‐projects defect prediction models to help alleviate the negative effects of class imbalance in the datasets. To address the class imbalance issue in CPDP, the authors assess the impact of data resampling approaches on CPDP models after the NN Filter is applied. The impact on prediction performance of five oversampling approaches (MAHAKIL, SMOTE, Borderline‐SMOTE, Random Oversamplingand ADASYN) and three undersampling approaches (Random Undersampling, Tomek Links and One‐sided selection) is investigated and results are compared to approaches without data resampling. The authors examined six defect prediction models on34 datasets extracted from the PROMISE repository. The authors' results show that there is a significant positive effect of data resampling on CPDP performance, suggesting that software quality teams and researchers should consider applying data resampling approaches for improved recall (pd) and g‐measure prediction performance. However, if the goal is to improve precision and reduce false alarm (pf) then data resampling approaches should be avoided.
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| 5. |
- Fatima, Rubia, et al.
(författare)
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Improving Software Requirements Reasoning by Novices : A story-based approach
- 2019
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Ingår i: IET Software. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-8806 .- 1751-8814. ; 13:6, s. 564-574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Requirements-elicitation is one of the essential steps towards software design and construction. Business analysts and stakeholders often face challenges in gathering or conveying key software requirements. There are many methods, and tools designed by researchers and practitioners, but with the invention of new technologies, there appears to be a need to make requirements gathering and design-rationale process more efficient. Storytelling is an emerging concept and researchers are witnessing its effectiveness in education, community-building, information system, and requirement elicitation. Objective: Objectives of this study are to i) devise a method for requirements elicitation and improving design-rationales using story-based technique; ii) evaluate the effectiveness of the aforementioned proposed activity. Methodology: To answer the research objectives, we have i) conducted open-ended interviews to get feedback on our proposed method; ii) case requirement from a running project to map how this method can be useful; and iii) performed empirical evaluation of the proposed card-based activity. Result: i) Our regression model has shown that participants' perception regarding the ease of use and the fun in the game has an ultimate effect on requirements elicitation through enhancing user's desire to play the game, hence, increasing the collaborative learning outcomes of the game; ii) Our results have shown that using team-based activities helps the less-experienced designers to argue through design rationales and better elicit software requirements. Our results have reinforced the finding that using game-based solutions not only enhances communication and develops trust between stakeholders but also helps in motivating participants of requirements activity; iii) Initial results (from interview and empirical evaluation) for the proposed technique and method show positive results. Improvement in the process and activity as suggested by the participants will be accommodated in future studies.
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| 6. |
- Rainer, Austen W., et al.
(författare)
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Retrieving and mining professional experience of software practice from grey literature : An exploratory review
- 2020
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Ingår i: IET Software. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1751-8806 .- 1751-8814. ; 14:6, s. 665-676
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Retrieving and mining practitioners' self-reports of their professional experience of software practice could provide valuable evidence for research. The authors are, however, unaware of any existing reviews of research conducted in this area. The authors reviewed and classified previous research, and identified insights into the challenges research confronts when retrieving and mining practitioners' self-reports of their experience of software practice. They conducted an exploratory review to identify and classify 42 studies. They analysed a selection of those studies for insights on challenges to mining professional experience. They identified only one directly relevant study. Even then this study concerns the software professional's emotional experiences rather than the professional's reporting of behaviour and events occurring during software practice. They discussed the challenges concerning: the prevalence of professional experience; definitions, models and theories; the sparseness of data; units of discourse analysis; annotator agreement; evaluation of the performance of algorithms; and the lack of replications. No directly relevant prior research appears to have been conducted in this area. They discussed the value of reporting negative results in secondary studies. There are a range of research opportunities but also considerable challenges. They formulated a set of guiding questions for further research in this area. © 2020 Institution of Engineering and Technology. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Samoaa, Hazem Peter, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic mapping study of source code representation for deep learning in software engineering
- 2022
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Ingår i: Iet Software. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-8806 .- 1751-8814. ; 16:4, s. 351-385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The usage of deep learning (DL) approaches for software engineering has attracted much attention, particularly in source code modelling and analysis. However, in order to use DL, source code needs to be formatted to fit the expected input form of DL models. This problem is known as source code representation. Source code can be represented via different approaches, most importantly, the tree-based, token-based, and graph-based approaches. We use a systematic mapping study to investigate i detail the representation approaches adopted in 103 studies that use DL in the context of software engineering. Thus, studies are collected from 2014 to 2021 from 14 different journals and 27 conferences. We show that each way of representing source code can provide a different, yet orthogonal view of the same source code. Thus, different software engineering tasks might require different (combinations of) code representation approaches, depending on the nature and complexity of the task. Particularly, we show that it is crucial to define whether the DL approach requires lexical, syntactical, or semantic code information. Our analysis shows that a wide range of different representations and combinations of representations (hybrid representations) are used to solve a wide range of common software engineering problems. However, we also observe that current research does not generally attempt to transfer existing representations or models to other studies even though there are other contexts in which these representations and models may also be useful. We believe that there is potential for more reuse and the application of transfer learning when applying DL to software engineering tasks.
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| 8. |
- Silvander, Johan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic literature review on intent-driven systems
- 2020
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Ingår i: IET Software. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1751-8806 .- 1751-8814. ; 14:4, s. 345-357
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: The aim of intent-driven systems is to capture stakeholders’ intents and transform these into a form that enables computer processing of the intents. Only then are different computer- based agents able to negotiate with each other on behalf of their respective stakeholders and their intents, and suggest a mutually beneficial agreement. This requires a separation of concerns between the parts of the system used to execute the stakeholder business, and the parts which are used to design the business based on stakeholder intents.Objective: The aim is to find out which methods/techniques as well as enabling aspects, useful for an intent-driven system, that are covered by research literature.Method: As a part of a design science study, a Systematic Literature Review is conducted.Results: The existence of methods/techniques which can be used as building blocks to construct intent-driven systems exist in the literature. How these methods/techniques can interact with the aspects needed to enabling flexible realizations of intent-driven systems is not evident in the existing literature.Conclusion: The synthesis shows a need for further research regarding semantic interchange of information, actor interaction in intent-driven systems, and the governance of intent-driven systems.
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| 9. |
- Tegegne, Esubalew Workineh, et al.
(författare)
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Software development methodologies and practices in start-ups
- 2019
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Ingår i: IET Software. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology. - 1751-8806 .- 1751-8814. ; 13:6, s. 497-509
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software start-ups are aiming to develop cutting-edge software products under highly uncertain conditions, overcoming fast-growing markets under multiple influences. This study aims to identify and analyse the existing scientific literature regarding software development methodologies and practices in software start-ups published between January 2006 and December 2017 using the systematic mapping study. The results identified 37 relevant primary studies out of 1982 papers. To validate the results from the mapping study, an empirical study was based on the research data collected from 14 real-life software start-ups located in Finland, Italy and Norway. The result shows that Agile and Lean start-up methodologies are the most commonly used in software start-ups due to the flexible nature and easy tailoring. A total of 144 software development work practices are extracted from the primary studies. This study contributes to the research in several ways: (i) provides state of the art regarding software development methods and practices in software start-up contexts, (ii) reports commonly used methods along with its benefits identified in primary studies and (iii) identifies opportunities for future software start-up research.
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| 10. |
- Lynge-Jorlén, Ane, et al.
(författare)
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Utopian Bodies. Fashion Looks Forward
- 2018
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Ingår i: Fashion Theory. - 1362-704X .- 1751-7419. ; 22:1, s. 119-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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