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Numrering	Referens	Omslagsbild	Hitta
1.	Alégroth, Emil, 1984, et al. (författare) Teaching scrum – what we did, what we will do and what impedes us 2015 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - 1865-1348 .- 1865-1356. - 9783319186115 ; 212, s. 361-362 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This paper analyses the way we teach Scrum. We reflect on our intended learning outcomes, which challenges we find in teaching Scrum and which lessons we have learned during the last four years. We also give an outlook on the way we want to introduce and apply Scrum in our teaching and how we intend to improve the curriculum.
2.	Bjarnason, Elizabeth, et al. (författare) An Industrial Case Study on Test Cases as Requirements 2015 Ingår i: Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming : 16th International Conference, XP 2015, Helsinki, Finland, May 25-29, 2015, Proceedings - 16th International Conference, XP 2015, Helsinki, Finland, May 25-29, 2015, Proceedings. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783319186115 - 9783319186122 ; 212 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract It is a conundrum that agile projects can succeed ‘without requirements’ when weak requirements engineering is a known cause for project failures. While Agile development projects often manage well without extensive requirements documentation, test cases are commonly used as requirements. We have investigated this agile practice at three companies in order to understand how test cases can fill the role of requirements. We performed a case study based on twelve interviews performed in a previous study. The findings include a range of benefits and challenges in using test cases for eliciting, validating, verifying, tracing and managing requirements. In addition, we identified three scenarios for applying the practice, namely as a mature practice, as a de facto practice and as part of an agile transition. The findings provide insights into how the role of requirements may be met in agile development including challenges to consider.
3.	Martini, Antonio, 1982, et al. (författare) Towards introducing agile architecting in large companies: The CAFFEA framework 2015 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, Agile Processes in Software Engineering, and Extreme Programming 16th International Conference, XP 2015, Helsinki, Finland, May 25-29, 2015. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1348 .- 1865-1356. - 9783319186115 ; 212 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract To continuously deliver value both in short-term and long-term, a key goal for large product lines companies is to combine Agile Software Development with the continuous development and management of software architecture. We have conducted interviews involving several roles at 3 sites from 2 large companies employing Agile. We have identified current architect roles and gaps in the practices employed at the organizations. From such investigation, we have developed an organizational framework, CAFFEA, for Agile architecting, including roles, teams and practices.
4.	Fabijan, A., et al. (författare) 2015 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783319186115 ; 2012, s. 350-351 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Software development companies experience the road mapping and requirements ranking process to be complex as product management (PdM) strives in getting timely and accurate feedback from the customers. Often, companies have insufficient knowledge about how their products are being used, what features the customers appreciate and which ones will generate revenue. To address this problem, this research aims at helping the companies in closing the ‘open’ feedback loop that exists between PdM and customers. Moreover, the research strives at exploring techniques that can be used to involve customers in continuous validation of software functionality in order to provide PdM with the evidence needed for accurate R&D investments.
5.	Issa Mattos, David, 1990, et al. (författare) Leveraging business transformation with machine learning experiments 2019 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 370 LNBIP, s. 183-191 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The deployment of production-quality ML solutions, even for simple applications, requires significant software engineering effort. Often, companies do not fully understand the consequences and the business impact of ML-based systems, prior to the development of these systems. To minimize investment risks while evaluating the potential business impact of an ML system, companies can utilize continuous experimentation techniques. Based on action research, we report on the experience of developing and deploying a business-oriented ML-based dynamic pricing system in collaboration with a home shopping e-commerce company using a continuous experimentation (CE) approach. We identified a set of generic challenges in ML development that we present together with tactics and opportunities.
6.	Andreo, Sebastien, et al. (författare) API management challenges in ecosystems 2019 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 370, s. 86-93 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The API has become a cornerstone of software ecosystems, providing ways to drive innovation inside and outside the organization. Because of this criticality, we should manage APIs. The purpose of this study is to identify and classify the challenges that organizations evolving into internal ecosystems are facing as they have to deal with APIs. We performed a qualitative research study on three Siemens internal ecosystems with different sizes, technologies, and age. The results reveal that even if we are talking about the API economy, organizations are struggling with different aspects of API management related to Business, Architecture, Process, and Organization. The challenges identified in this paper provide a basis for future research.
7.	Atem de Carvalho, Rogerio, et al. (författare) Towards more flexible enterprise information systems 2012 Ingår i: Enterprise Information Systems of the Future : Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol 139 - Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol 139. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783642366109 - 9783642366116 ; , s. 157-164 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of this paper is to present the software development techniques used to build the EIS Patterns development framework, which is a testbed for a series of techniques that aim at giving more flexibility to EIS in general. Some of these techniques are customizations or extensions of practices created by the agile software development movement, while others represent new proposals. This paper also aims at helping promoting more discussion around the EIS development questions, since most of research papers in EIS area focus on deployment, IT, or business related issues, leaving the discussion on development techniques ill-treated.
8.	Babu, Md Abu Ahammed, 1994, et al. (författare) Impact of Image Data Splitting on the Performance of Automotive Perception Systems 2024 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 505 LNBIP, s. 91-111 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Context: Training image recognition systems is one of the crucial elements of the AI Engineering process in general and for automotive systems in particular. The quality of data and the training process can have a profound impact on the quality, performance, and safety of automotive software. Objective: Splitting data between train and test sets is one of the crucial elements in this process as it can determine both how well the system learns and generalizes to new data. Typical data splits take into consideration either randomness or timeliness of data points. However, in image recognition systems, the similarity of images is of equal importance. Methods: In this computational experiment, we study the impact of six data-splitting techniques. We use an industrial dataset with high-definition color images of driving sequences to train a YOLOv7 network. Results: The mean average precision (mAP) was 0.943 and 0.841 when the similarity-based and the frame-based splitting techniques were applied, respectively. However, the object-based splitting technique produces the worst mAP score (0.118). Conclusion: There are significant differences in the performance of object detection methods when applying different data-splitting techniques. The most positive results are the random selections, whereas the most objective ones are splits based on sequences that represent different geographical locations.
9.	Backlund, Emil, 1988, et al. (författare) Automated User Interaction Analysis for Workflow-Based Web Portals 2014 Ingår i: Software Business. - Cham : Springer. ; 182, s. 148-162 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Success in the software market requires constant improvement of the software. These improvements however have to directly align with the needs of the users of the software. A recent trend in software engineering is to collect post-deployment data about how users use a software system. We report in this paper about a case study with an industrial partner in which (1) we identified which data has to be collected for a web-based portal system, (2) implemented the data collection, and (3) performed an experiment comparing the collected data with answers of the test subjects in a survey.
10.	Berntsson Svensson, Richard, 1978, et al. (författare) The unfulfilled potential of data-driven decision making in agile software development 2019 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783030190330 ; 355, s. 69-85 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract With the general trend towards data-driven decision making (DDDM), organizations are looking for ways to use DDDM to improve their decisions. However, few studies have looked into the practitioners view of DDDM, in particular for agile organizations. In this paper we investigated the experiences of using DDDM, and how data can improve decision making. An emailed questionnaire was sent out to 124 industry practitioners in agile software developing companies, of which 84 answered. The results show that few practitioners indicated a wide-spread use of DDDM in their current decision making practices. The practitioners were more positive to its future use for higher-level and more general decision making, fairly positive to its use for requirements elicitation and prioritization decisions, while being less positive to its future use at the team level. The practitioners do see a lot of potential for DDDM in an agile context; however, currently unfulfilled.
11.	Borg, Markus, et al. (författare) Agility in Software 2.0 – Notebook Interfaces and MLOps with Buttresses and Rebars 2022 Ingår i: International Conference on Lean and Agile Software DevelopmentLASD 2022: Lean and Agile Software Development pp 3-16. - Cham : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783030942373 ; , s. 3-16 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Artificial intelligence through machine learning is increasingly used in the digital society. Solutions based on machine learning bring both great opportunities, thus coined “Software 2.0,” but also great challenges for the engineering community to tackle. Due to the experimental approach used by data scientists when developing machine learning models, agility is an essential characteristic. In this keynote address, we discuss two contemporary development phenomena that are fundamental in machine learning development, i.e., notebook interfaces and MLOps. First, we present a solution that can remedy some of the intrinsic weaknesses of working in notebooks by supporting easy transitions to integrated development environments. Second, we propose reinforced engineering of AI systems by introducing metaphorical buttresses and rebars in the MLOps context. Machine learning-based solutions are dynamic in nature, and we argue that reinforced continuous engineering is required to quality assure the trustworthy AI systems of tomorrow.
12.	Borg, Markus, et al. (författare) The AIQ Meta-Testbed : Pragmatically Bridging Academic AI Testing and Industrial Q Needs 2021 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 1865-1348 .- 1865-1356. - 9783030658533 ; 404, s. 66-77 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract AI solutions seem to appear in any and all application domains. As AI becomes more pervasive, the importance of quality assurance increases. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on what artificial intelligence means and interpretations range from simple statistical analysis to sentient humanoid robots. On top of that, quality is a notoriously hard concept to pinpoint. What does this mean for AI quality? In this paper, we share our working definition and a pragmatic approach to address the corresponding quality assurance with a focus on testing. Finally, we present our ongoing work on establishing the AIQ Meta-Testbed.
13.	Bosch, Jan, 1967 (författare) Building products as innovation experiment systems 2012 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783642307454 ; 114, s. 27-39 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Traditional software development focuses on specifying and freezing requirements early in the, typically yearly, product development lifecycle. The requirements are defined based on product management's best understanding. The adoption of SaaS and cloud computing has shown a different approach to managing requirements, adding frequent and rigorous experimentation to the development process with the intent of minimizing R&D investment between customer proof points. This offers several benefits including increased customer satisfaction, improved and quantified business goals and the transformation to a continuous rather than waterfall development process. In this paper, we present our learnings from studying software companies applying an innovation experiment system approach to product development. The approach is illustrated with three cases from Intuit, the case study company.
14.	Bosch, Jan, 1967, et al. (författare) ESAO: A holistic Ecosystem-Driven Analysis Model 2014 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783319087375 ; 182, s. 179-193 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The growing importance of software ecosystems and open innovation requires that companies become more intentional about aligning their internal strategy, architecture and organizing efforts with the ecosystem that the company is part of. Few models exist that facilitate analysis and improvement of this alignment. In this paper, we present the ESAO model and describe its six main components. Organizations and researchers can use the model to analyze the alignment between the different parts of their business, technologies and ways of working, internally and in the ecosystem. The model is illustrated and validated through the use of three case studies.
15.	Bosch, Jan, 1967 (författare) From efficiency to effectiveness: Delivering business value through software 2019 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 370 LNBIP, s. 3-10 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Connected products and DevOps allow for a fundamentally different way of working in R&D. Rather than focusing on efficiency of teams, often expressed in terms of flow and number of features per sprint, we are now able to focus on the effectiveness of R&D as expressed in the amount of value created per unit of R&D. We have developed several solutions, such as HYPEX, HoliDev and hierarchical value models, but companies still experience challenges. In this paper, we provide an overview of the trends driving the transition to focusing on effectiveness, discuss the challenges that companies experience as well as the requirements for a successful transformation. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.
16.	Bosch, Jan, 1967, et al. (författare) The Early Stage Software Startup Development Model: A Framework for Operationalizing Lean Principles in Software Startups 2013 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 167, s. 1-15 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Software startups are more popular than ever and growing in numbers. They operate under conditions of extreme uncertainty and face many challenges. Often, agile development practices and lean principles are suggested as ways to increase the odds of succeeding as a startup, as they both advocate close customer collaboration and short feedback cycles focusing on delivering direct customer value. However, based on an interview study we see that despite guidance and support in terms of well-known and documented development methods, practitioners find it difficult to implement and apply these in practice. To explore this further, and to propose operational support for software startup companies, this study aims at investigating (1) what are the typical challenges when finding a product idea worth scaling, and (2) what solution would serve to address these challenges. To this end, we propose the ‘Early Stage Software Startup Development Model’ (ESSSDM). The model extends already existing lean principles, but offers novel support for practitioners for investigating multiple product ideas in parallel, for determining when to move forward with a product idea, and for deciding when to abandon a product idea. The model was evaluated in a software startup project, as well as with industry professionals within the software startup domain.
17.	Chronis, Konstantinos, et al. (författare) Agility Measurements Mismatch: A Validation Study on Three Agile Team Assessments in Software Engineering 2016 Ingår i: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Agile Software Development (XP2016). - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1348 .- 1865-1356. - 9783319335148 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Many tools have been created for measuring the agility of software teams, thus creating a saturation in the field. Three agile measurement tools were selected in order to validate whether they yield similar results. The surveys of the tools were given to teams in Company A (N=30). The questions were grouped into agile practices which were checked for correlation in order to establish convergent validity. In addition, we checked whether the questions identified to be the same among the tools would be given the same replies by the respondents. We could not establish convergent validity since the correlations of the data gathered were very few and low. In addition, the questions which were identified to have the same meaning among the tools did not have the same answers from the respondents. We conclude that the area of measuring agility is still immature and more work needs to be done. Not all tools are applicable to every team but they should be selected on the basis of how a team has transitioned to agile.
18.	Eklund, Ulrik, 1967, et al. (författare) Applying Agile Development in Mass-Produced Embedded Systems 2012 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783642303494 ; 111, s. 31-46 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The paper presents a method to manage critical interactions to manage when introducing agile software development in mass-produced embedded systems. The method consists of a context model together with a set of measures, and is validated by empirical evidence from three cases.From an industrial perspective, the paper provides a prescription on how to implement agile software development outside the typical domains for agile, in this case for mass-produced products with embedded software governed by a stage-gate process for mechanics and hardware.From a research perspective, the paper provides an analysis of the software development cycle for products with embedded software, especially where product development as a whole is driven by a plan-driven process. The main contribution is a method for introducing agile in areas where by necessity the full R&D process cannot be agile.
19.	Eklund, Ulrik, 1967, et al. (författare) Introducing Software Ecosystems for Mass-Produced Embedded Systems 2012 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783642307461 ; 114, s. 248-254 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Embedded systems are today predominantly developed with an integration-centric approach. The paper identifies the need to remove full-scale integration and process synchronisation of involved development teams. The paper presents software ecosystem as an alternative approach to develop embedded software and identifies a set of key activities for how an original equipment manufacturer can introduce an ecosystem.An example of a software ecosystem is presented for the carindustry together a case which implemented some of the ecosystem platform properties.
20.	Elahi, Golnaz, et al. (författare) Modeling Knowledge Transfer in a Software Maintenance Organization : - An Experienc Report and Critical Analysis 2008 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1865-1348 .- 1865-1356. - 9783540892175 ; , s. 15-29 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Modeling notations have been introduced to help understand the why behind software processes. We ask how are these techniques being used in industrial practices? The first part of this paper reports on the experiences at an industrial software organization, Ericsson Marconi SpA, in applying imodeling to analyze knowledge transfer effectiveness for software maintenance. The modeling was done in-house without consultation with the iresearch community. In the second part of the paper, university researchers analyze the modeling experience in that organization, drawing a comparison with the usage of itypically envisaged by the research community. We found that the modeling approach used at the industry site employed smaller and simplified models, but were effective for highlighting key issues for the organization and communication. From the case study, we draw some conclusions for the future development of the imodeling approach.
21.	Eriksson, Kristina M., 1976-, et al. (författare) A Case Study Initiating Discrete Event Simulation as a Tool for Decision Making in I4.0 Manufacturing 2021 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 1865-1348 .- 1865-1356. ; 414 LNBIP, s. 84-96 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Smart manufacturing needs to handle increased uncertainty by becoming more responsive and more flexible to reconfigure. Advances in technology within industry 4.0 can provide acquisition of large amounts of data, to support decision making in manufacturing. Those possibilities have brought anew attention to the applicability of discrete event simulation for production flow modelling when moving towards design of logistics systems 4.0. This paper reports a study investigating challenges and opportunities for initiation of discrete event simulation, as a tool for decision making in the era of industry 4.0Â manufacturing. The research has been approached through action research in combination with a real case study at a manufacturing company in the energy sector. The Covid-19 pandemic fated that adjusted and new ways of communication, collaboration, and data collection, in relation to the methods, had to be explored and tried. Throughout the study, production data, such as processing times, have been collected and analyzed for discrete event simulation modelling. The complexity of introducing discrete event simulation as a new tool for decision making is highlighted, where we emphasize the human knowledge and involvement yet necessary to understand and to draw conclusions from the data. The results also demonstrate that the data analysis has given valuable insights into production characteristics, that need addressing. Thus, revealing opportunities for how the initiative of introducing discrete event simulation as an anew tool in the wake of industry 4.0, can act as a catalyst for improved decision making in future manufacturing. Â© 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
22.	Evbota, Felix, et al. (författare) Scaling up the Planning Game: Collaboration Challenges in Large Scale Agile Product Development 2016 Ingår i: 17th International Conference on Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming, XP 2016, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 24-27 May 2016. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1348 .- 1865-1356. - 9783319335148 ; , s. 28-38 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract One of the benefits of agile is close collaboration of customer and developer. This ensures good commitment and excellent knowledge flows of information about priorities and efforts. However, it is unclear if this benefit can be leveraged at scale. Clearly, it is infeasible to use practices such as planning game with several agile teams in the room. In this paper, we investigate how a large-scale agile organization manages, what challenges exist, and which opportunities can be leveraged. We found challenges in three areas: (i) the abil-ity to estimate, prioritize, and plan; (ii) the context of planning with respect to working environment, team build-up, and team spirit; and (iii) the ceremonial agreement which promises to allow leveraging abilities in a given context.
23.	Fabijan, A., et al. (författare) Customer feedback and data collection techniques in software R&D: A literature review 2015 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783319195926 ; 210, s. 139-153 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In many companies, product management struggles in getting accurate customer feedback. Often, validation and confirmation of functionality with customers takes place only after the product has been deployed, and there are no mechanisms that help product managers to continuously learn from customers. Although there are techniques available for collecting customer feedback, these are typically not applied as part of a continuous feedback loop. As a result, the selection and prioritization of features becomes far from optimal, and product deviates from what the customers need. In this paper, we present a literature review of currently recognized techniques for collecting customer feedback. We develop a model in which we categorize the techniques according to their characteristics. The purpose of this literature review is to provide an overview of current software engineering research in this area and to better understand the different techniques that are used for collecting customer feedback.
24.	Fabijan, Aleksander, et al. (författare) The Lack of Sharing of Customer Data in Large Software Organizations : Challenges and Implications 2016 Ingår i: Agile Processes, in Software Engineering, and Extreme Programming. - Cham : Springer. ; 251, s. 39-52 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract With agile teams becoming increasingly multi-disciplinary and including all functions, the role of customer feedback is gaining momentum. Today, companies collect feedback directly from customers, as well as indirectly from their products. As a result, companies face a situation in which the amount of data from which they can learn about their customers is larger than ever before. In previous studies, the collection of data is often identified as challenging. However, and as illustrated in our research, the challenge is not the collection of data but rather how to share this data among people in order to make effective use of it. In this paper, and based on case study research in three large software-intensive companies, we (1) provide empirical evidence that ‘lack of sharing’ is the primary reason for insufficient use of customer and product data, and (2) develop a model in which we identify what data is collected, by whom data is collected and in what development phases it is used. In particular, the model depicts critical hand-overs where certain types of data get lost, as well as the implications associated with this. We conclude that companies benefit from a very limited part of the data they collect, and that lack of sharing of data drives inaccurate assumptions of what constitutes customer value.
25.	Figalist, Iris, et al. (författare) Customer churn prediction in B2B contexts 2019 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 370, s. 378-386, s. 378-386 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract While business-to-customer (B2C) companies, in the telecom sector for instance, have been making use of customer churn prediction for many years, churn prediction in the business-to-business (B2B) domain receives much less attention in existing literature. Nevertheless, B2B-specific characteristics, such as a lower number of customers with much higher transactional values, indicate the importance of identifying potentially churning customers. To achieve this, we implemented a prediction model for customer churn within a B2B software product and derived a model based on the results. For one, we present an approach that enables the mapping of customer- and end-user-data based on “customer phases” which allows the prediction model to take all critical influencing factors into consideration. In addition to that, we introduce a B2B customer churn prediction process based on the proposed data mapping.
26.	Figalist, Iris, et al. (författare) Scaling Agile Beyond Organizational Boundaries: Coordination Challenges in Software Ecosystems 2019 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 355, s. 189-206, s. 189-206 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The shift from sequential to agile software development originates from relatively small and co-located teams but soon gained prominence in larger organizations. How to apply and scale agile practices to fit the needs of larger projects has been studied to quite an extent in previous research. However, scaling agile beyond organizational boundaries, for instance in a software ecosystem context, raises additional challenges that existing studies and approaches do not yet investigate or address in great detail. For that reason, we conducted a case study in two software ecosystems that comprise several agile actors from different organizations and, thereby, scale development across organizational boundaries, in order to elaborate and understand their coordination challenges. Our results indicate that most of the identified challenges are caused by long communication paths and a lack of established processes to facilitate these paths. As a result, the participants in our study, among others, experience insufficient responsivity, insufficient communication of prioritizations and deliverables, and alterations or loss of information. As a consequence, agile practices need to be extended to fit the identified needs.
27.	Green, Rolf, 1991, et al. (författare) Autonomously Improving Systems in Industry : A Systematic Literature Review 2021 Ingår i: Software Business. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030672911 - 9783030672928 ; 407, s. 30-45 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract A significant amount of research effort is put into studying machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) technologies. Real-world ML applications help companies to improve products and automate tasks such as classification, image recognition and automation. However, a traditional “fixed” approach where the system is frozen before deployment leads to a sub-optimal system performance. Systems autonomously experimenting with and improving their own behavior and performance could improve business outcomes but we need to know how this could actually work in practice. While there is some research on autonomously improving systems, the focus on the concepts and theoretical algorithms. However, less research is focused on empirical industry validation of the proposed theory. Empirical validations are usually done through simulations or by using synthetic or manually alteration of datasets. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we conduct a systematic literature review in which we focus on papers describing industrial deployments of autonomously improving systems and their real-world applications. Secondly, we identify open research questions and derive a model that classifies the level of autonomy based on our findings in the literature review.
28.	Gren, Lucas, 1984 (författare) Understanding work practices of autonomous agile teams: A social-psychological review 2020 Ingår i: Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming – Workshops. XP 2020. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer, Cham. - 1865-1348 .- 1865-1356. - 9783030588571 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The purpose of this paper is to suggest additional aspects of social psychology that could help when making sense of autonomous agile teams. To make use of well-tested theories in social psychology and instead see how they replicated and differ in the autonomous agile team context would avoid reinventing the wheel. This was done, as an initial step, through looking at some very common agile practices and relate them to existing findings in social-psychological research. The two theories found that I argue could be more applied to the software engineering context are social identity theory and group socialization theory. The results show that literature provides social-psychological reasons for the popularity of some agile practices, but that scientific studies are needed to gather empirical evidence on these under-researched topics. Understanding deeper psychological theories could provide a better understanding of the psychological processes when building autonomous agile team, which could then lead to better predictability and intervention in relation to human factors.
29.	Gren, Lucas, 1984, et al. (författare) What an Agile Leader Does: The Group Dynamics Perspective 2020 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783030493912 ; 383 LNBIP, s. 178-194 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract When large industrial organizations change to (or start with) an agile approach to operations, managers and some employees are supposed to be “agile leaders” often without being given a clear definition of what that comprises when building agile teams. An inductive thematic analysis was used to investigate what 15 appointed leaders actually do and perceive as challenges regarding group dynamics working with an agile approach. Team maturity, Team design, and Culture and mindset were all categories of challenges related to group dynamics that the practitioners face and manage in their work-life that are not explicitly mentioned in the more process-focused agile transformation frameworks. The results suggest that leader mitigation of these three aspects of group dynamics is essential to the success of an agile transformation.
30.	Haftor, Darek M., et al. (författare) A Review of Information Logistics Research Publications 2011. - 1 Ingår i: Business Information Systems Workshops. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 1865-1348 .- 1865-1356. - 9783642253690 - 9783642253706 ; , s. 244-255 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract ‘Information Logistics’ has presented itself as an intellectual and professional domain addressing the question of timely providence of the right information. A question that emerges then is: What is Information Logistics? To answer this question, a comprehensive review of research publications was conducted, where ‘Information Logistics’ was featured in the publication title. A detailed analysis of the content of these publications identified eleven different research directions, where five are currently active, all in Europe. Among various findings, the results show that these research directions have been pursued independently of each other, addressing different kinds of research questions and contexts, utilising different research approaches, and therefore generating a variety of unrelated research results. All the reviewed research here shows that there are numerous unmet empirical needs in our human and social affairs, as well as a need for intra-disciplinary developments, which calls for a joint mobilisation of the research efforts.
31.	Hartmann, H., et al. (författare) Orchestrate your platform: Architectural challenges for different types of ecosystems for mobile devices 2014 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783319087375 ; 182, s. 163-178 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The introduction of smartphones and tablets has led to a fast growing industry in which most firms have started an ecosystem-centric approach. In this paper three types of ecosystems are identified: Vertically integrated hardware/ software platforms, closed source software platforms and open source software platforms. These ecosystems differ in the scope of the platform, i.e. covering both hardware and software, and the technology design, i.e. whether the software can be altered by the complementors. In this paper the challenges for each type of ecosystems are identified from an architectural point of view. Platform leaders can use our analysis to orchestrate their platform by proactively addressing the challenges that we identify and properly evolving the scope and technology design of their platforms.
32.	Horkoff, Jennifer, 1980, et al. (författare) Goals, workflow, and value: Case study experiences with three modeling frameworks 2017 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783319702407 ; 305, s. 96-111 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract It is beneficial to understand the benefits and drawbacks of enterprise modeling approaches in certain contexts. We report experiences applying different combinations of three modeling approaches to industrial cases. Specifically, we report on experiences from four companies using a combination of goal modeling, e3value modeling, and workflow modeling. Our findings help to guide enterprise modeling approach selection in similar contexts, and can be used to make recommendations to improve future applications of the selected modeling approaches.
33.	Horkoff, Jennifer, 1980, et al. (författare) Modeling support for strategic API planning and analysis 2018 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 336, s. 10-26 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract APIs provide value beyond technical functionality. They enable and manage access to strategic business assets and play a key role in enabling software ecosystems. Existing work has begun to consider the strategic business value of software APIs, but such work has limited analysis capabilities and has not made use of established, structured modeling techniques from software and requirements engineering. Such modeling languages have been used for strategic analysis of ecosystems and value exchange. We believe these techniques expand analysis possibilities for APIs, and we apply them as part of a cross-company case study focused on strategic API planning and analysis. Results show that goal, value, and workflow modeling provide new, API-specific benefits that include mapping the API ecosystem, facilitating incremental API planning, understanding dynamic API-specific roles, identifying bottlenecks in API change workflows, and identifying API value.
34.	Hyrynsalmi, Sami, et al. (författare) Quō vādis, Data Business?: A Study for Understanding Maturity of Embedded System Companies in Data Economy 2022 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 463 LNBIP, s. 141-148, s. 141-148 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Data has been claimed to be the new oil of the 21st century as it has seen to be able both to improve the existing products and services as well as to create new revenue streams for its utilizing company with a secondary customers base. However, while there is active streams of research for developing machine learning and data science methods, considerably less has been done to understand and characterize data business activities in the software-intensive companies. This study uses a multiple case study approach in the software-intensive embedded system domain. Four large international embedded system companies were selected as the case study subjects. The objective is to understand how the case companies are developing their activities for successful utilization of the data. The study identifies six distinct stages with their own challenges. In addition, this study serves as a starting for further work for supporting software-intensive embedded system companies to start data business.
35.	Issa Mattos, David, 1990, et al. (författare) Challenges and strategies for undertaking continuous experimentation to embedded systems: Industry and research perspectives 2018 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 314, s. 277-292, s. 277-292 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Context: Continuous experimentation is frequently used in web-facing companies and it is starting to gain the attention of embedded systems companies. However, embedded systems companies have different challenges and requirements to run experiments in their systems. Objective: This paper explores the challenges during the adoption of continuous experimentation in embedded systems from both industry practice and academic research. It presents strategies, guidelines, and solutions to overcome each of the identified challenges. Method: This research was conducted in two parts. The first part is a literature review with the aim to analyze the challenges in adopting continuous experimentation from the research perspective. The second part is a multiple case study based on interviews and workshop sessions with five companies to understand the challenges from the industry perspective and how they are working to overcome them. Results: This study found a set of twelve challenges divided into three areas; technical, business, and organizational challenges and strategies grouped into three categories, architecture, data handling and development processes. Conclusions: The set of identified challenges are presented with a set of strategies, guidelines, and solutions. To the knowledge of the authors, this paper is the first to provide an extensive list of challenges and strategies for continuous experimentation in embedded systems. Moreover, this research points out open challenges and the need for new tools and novel solutions for the further development of experimentation in embedded systems.
36.	John, Meenu Mary, et al. (författare) Architecting AI Deployment: A Systematic Review of State-of-the-Art and State-of-Practice Literature 2021 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 407, s. 14-29, s. 14-29 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Companies across domains are rapidly engaged in shifting computational power and intelligence from centralized cloud to fully decentralized edges to maximize value delivery, strengthen security and reduce latency. However, most companies have only recently started pursuing this opportunity and are therefore at the early stage of the cloud-to-edge transition. To provide an overview of AI deployment in the context of edge/cloud/hybrid architectures, we conduct a systematic literature review and a grey literature review. To advance understanding of how to integrate, deploy, operationalize and evolve AI models, we derive a framework from existing literature to accelerate the end-to-end deployment process. The framework is organized into five phases: Design, Integration, Deployment, Operation and Evolution. We make an attempt to analyze the extracted results by comparing and contrasting them to derive insights. The contribution of the paper is threefold. First, we conduct a systematic literature review in which we review the contemporary scientific literature and provide a detailed overview of the state-of-the-art of AI deployment. Second, we review the grey literature and present the state-of-practice and experience of practitioners while deploying AI models. Third, we present a framework derived from existing literature for the end-to-end deployment process and attempt to compare and contrast SLR and GLR results.
37.	Kaili, Michalis, 1997, et al. (författare) Improving the Representation Choices of Privacy Policies for End-Users 2023 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 494 LNBIP, s. 42-59 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Privacy policies provide users the possibility to get informed about how their data are being used by specific services and vendors. Unfortunately their texts are usually long and users are not devoting the required time to read them and understand their content. Tools that bring the privacy policies closer to the users can assist towards enhancing users’ privacy awareness. In this work, we are presenting the updated version of Privacy Policy Beautifier, our approach and accompanying tool that offers various representations of the privacy policy text, as a way to assist the users in better understanding the policy, devoting less time to explore its main content. Text highlighting, text summarization, word cloud, GDPR terms presence/absence are the techniques employed for the representations. The updated version of Privacy Policy Beautifier has been evaluated for its enhanced features via the participation of 32 users with promising results.
38.	Karvonen, Teemu, et al. (författare) Hitting the Target : Practices for Moving Toward Innovation Experiment Systems 2015 Ingår i: Software Business. - Cham : Springer. ; 210, s. 117-131 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The benefits and barriers that software development companies face when moving beyond agile development practices are identified in a multiple-case study in five Finnish companies. The practices that companies need to adopt when moving towards innovation experiment systems are recognised. The background of the study is the Stairway to Heaven (StH) model that describes the path that many software development companies take when advancing their development practices. The development practices in each case are investigated and analysed in relation to the StH model. At first the results of the analysis strengthened the validity of the StH model as a path taken by software development companies to advance their development practices. Based on the findings, the StH model was extended with a set of additional practices and their adoption levels for each step of the model. The extended model was validated in five case companies.
39.	Kasparaviciute, Gabriele, 1990, et al. (författare) Plastic grabber: Underwater autonomous vehicle simulation for plastic objects retrieval using genetic programming 2019 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 339, s. 527-533 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract We propose a path planning solution using genetic programming for an autonomous underwater vehicle. Developed in ROS Simulator that is able to roam in an environment, identify a plastic object, such as bottles, grab it and retrieve it to the home base. This involves the use of a multi-objective fitness function as well as reinforcement learning, both required for the genetic programming to assess the model’s behaviour. The fitness function includes not only the objective of grabbing the object but also the efficient use of stored energy. Sensors used by the robot include a depth image camera, claw and range sensors that are all simulated in ROS.
40.	Kirikova, Marite, et al. (författare) Towards Aligning IT and Daily Routines of Older Adults 2019 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer. - 1865-1348 .- 1865-1356. - 9783030366902 - 9783030366919 ; 373, s. 150-156 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Different IT solutions exist for supporting older adults. However, the ways in which these solutions are positioned usually concern only specific activities or specific problems. In this paper we analyze the current research state regarding activities of older adults, the contexts of their activities, and supportive IT solutions to create a background for further investigations regarding alignment of IT solutions and daily routines of older adults. The paper presents illustrative mapping between older adult activities and IT solution categories and derives therefrom some aspects that are to be taken into account for successful alignment between IT solutions and daily routines of older adults.
41.	Koch, Christian, 1958, et al. (författare) Information Standards Enabling or Constraining Innovative Hospital Facilities? -A Scandinavian Case 2014 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 194, s. 347-361 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The losses from suboptimal interoperability in IT supported design, production, and operation of health care facilities are tantamount. In these years new built of hospitals in Scandinavia could be realized in a more efficient and innovative way if using information standards. This paper inquires into whether computerized information standards enable or constrain innovation in public procurement of buildings. In architectural and engineering design of public buildings the project based product development tends be done in constellations of firms in interorganisational contracting, which do not provide stability or room for innovation. A large hospital project was investigated through interviews, documents and observations. The effects of implementing building information standards are both inter- and intraorganisational. The building client claims to have saved money, through better structured building component data that gave considerable positive effects during tendering. The IT-suppliers develop IT-tools, and the AEC companies can commence develop services preparing for new markets.
42.	Koch, Christian, 1958 (författare) Machine Learning for Engineering Processes 2019 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 354, s. 325-336 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Buildings are realized through engineering processes in projects, that however tend to result in cost and/or time overrun. Therefore, a need is highlighted by the industry and the literature, to develop predictive models, that can aid in decision-making and guidance, especially in a preparation effort before production is initiated. This study aims at investigating what are possible applications of machine learning in building engineering projects and how they impact on their performance? First, a literature review about machine learning (ML) is done. The first case is drawing on a productivity survey of building projects in Sweden (nÂ =Â 580). The most influential factors behind project performance are identified, to predict performance. Features that are strongly correlated with four performance indicators are identified: cost variance, time variance and client- and contractor satisfaction and a regression analysis is done. Human related factors predict success best, such as the client role, the architect performance and collaboration. But external factors and technical aspects of a building are also important. The second case combines constructability and risk analysis on a basis on civil engineering project from several different countries and with very different character; a town square, a biogas plant, road bridges and sub projects from an airport. The data encompasses 30 projects. The development build on literature study, expert interview, unsupervised and supervised learning. The strength lies more in the conceptual work of risk sources enabled by ML. Human reasoning is needed in building projects. Also after the introduction of ML.
43.	Landgren, Jonas, 1971, et al. (författare) Work Practice in Situation Rooms – An Ethnographic Study of Emergency Response Work in Governmental Organizations 2016 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783319470924 ; 265, s. 157-171 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper presents ethnographic accounts from multiple studies on situation room work in governmental organizations. The purpose of this paper is to make visible aspects of the work practice and provide triggers for future discussions regarding how such work practices could be supported with improved information technology. The findings show the collaborative nature of situation room work and how a variety of information technologies are embedded and intertwined in the practice. Assembling, monitoring, exploring, converging, and consolidating are key activities in a general work pattern in situation rooms.
44.	Ljungberg, Jan, 1956, et al. (författare) Like, Share and Follow: A Conceptualisation of Social Buttons on the Web 2017 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing ; Nordic Contributions in IS Research. - Cham : Springer. - 1865-1348 .- 1865-1356. - 9783319646947 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In this theoretical and argumentative paper we analyse the implications of social buttons as used on social networking sites (SNSs). Although social buttons have been around for many years, there is still a scarcity of research on their effects despite their pivotal functions for the success of SNSs. We conceptualise these buttons as Like buttons, Share buttons and Follow buttons and analyse them and their associated actions through the lens of social capital theory. Our analysis shows how the clicker and the clickee are affected differently through these social buttons, and in the process, we also propose seven concepts to describe the social implications of these buttons. Having discussed these concepts, we conclude the paper by offering three contributions; a) the distinguishing between the clicker and the clickee; b) the subtle but yet distinct differences between buttons, and; c) a set of ways through which social buttons become productive.
45.	Lwakatare, Lucy, 1987, et al. (författare) A taxonomy of software engineering challenges for machine learning systems: An empirical investigation 2019 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 355, s. 227-243, s. 227-243 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Artificial intelligence enabled systems have been an inevitable part of everyday life. However, efficient software engineering principles and processes need to be considered and extended when developing AI- enabled systems. The objective of this study is to identify and classify software engineering challenges that are faced by different companies when developing software-intensive systems that incorporate machine learning components. Using case study approach, we explored the development of machine learning systems from six different companies across various domains and identified main software engineering challenges. The challenges are mapped into a proposed taxonomy that depicts the evolution of use of ML components in software-intensive system in industrial settings. Our study provides insights to software engineering community and research to guide discussions and future research into applied machine learning.
46.	Martini, Antonio, 1982, et al. (författare) Improving Businesses Success by Managing Interactions among Agile Teams in Large Organizations 2013 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783642393358 ; 150, s. 60-72 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract To achieve successful business, large software companies employ Agile Software Development to be fast and responsive in addressing customer needs. However, a large number of small, independent and fast teams suffer from excessive inter-team interactions, which may lead to paralysis. In this paper we provide a framework to understand how such interactions affect business goals dependent on speed. We detect factors causing observable interaction effects that generate speed waste. By combining data and literature, we provide recommendations to manage such factors, complementing current Agile practices so that they can be adapted in large software organizations.
47.	Martini, Antonio, 1982 (författare) Managing Speed in Companies Developing Large-Scale Embedded Systems 2013 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783642393365 ; 150, s. 231-232 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract An open issue is how to reach quickness and responsiveness in addressing customer needs within large-scale embedded system product development, where the processes are bound to the physical product development. Speed is a key quality that needs particular attention. We are developing a framework to understand what kinds of speed are important, what factors are determining them, what are the visible effects and what is possible to improve in order to reach speed related business goals.
48.	Mellegård, Niklas, 1971, et al. (författare) Distribution of Effort Among Software Development Artefacts: An Initial Case Study 2010 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783642130502 ; 50, s. 234-246 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Model-driven development aims at increasing productivity by raising the abstraction level of software specifications and introducing automated transformations for replacing lower level specifications. To assess benefits of replacing a legacy development process with a model-driven approach, one needs to establish a baseline of the current process with respect to the effort invested in the development artefacts. In this paper we report on an initial case study in which we investigate the main artefacts in the analysis and design phase with respect to required effort and perceived importance. We studied a non-model driven development of software based automotive functionality and our initial results show that a few artefacts receive the majority of effort, and that the artefacts that receive the most effort are not the most important ones. The initial results indicate that the distribution of effort between models and other artefacts is similar to that of model-driven projects in spite of the project being perceived and characterized as code-centric.
49.	Nilsson, Agneta, 1968, et al. (författare) Visualizing Testing Activities to Support Continuous Integration: A Multiple Case Study 2014 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 179, s. 171-186 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract While efficient testing arrangements are the key for software companies that are striving for continuous integration, most companies struggle with arranging these highly complex and interconnected testing activities. There is often a lack of an adequate overview of companies’ end-to-end testing activities, which tend to lead to problems such as double work, slow feedback loops, too many issues found during post-development, disconnected organizations, and unpredictable release schedules. We report from a multiple-case study in which we explore current testing arrangements at five different software development sites. The outcome of the study is a visualization technique of the testing activities involved from unit and component level to product and release level that support the identification of improvement areas. This model for visualizing the end-to-end testing activities for a system has been used to visualize these five cases and has been validated empirically.
50.	Nilsson Tengstrand, Sara, et al. (författare) Challenges of Adopting SAFe in the Banking Industry – A Study Two Years After Its Introduction 2021 Ingår i: XP 2021: Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming.Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing book series (LNBIP, volume 419). - Cham : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783030780975 ; , s. 157-171 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe) is a framework for scaling agile methods in large organizations. We have found several experience reports and white papers describing SAFe adoptions in different banks, which indicates that SAFe is being used in the banking industry. However, there is a lack of academic publications on the topic, the banking industry is missing in the scientific reports analyzing SAFe transformations. To fill this gap, we present a study on the main challenges with a SAFe transformation at a large full-service bank. We identify the challenges in the bank under study and compare the findings with experience reports from other banks, as well as with research on SAFe transformations in other domains. Many of the challenges reported in this paper overlap with the generic SAFe challenges, including management and organization, education and training, culture and mindset, requirements engineering, quality assurance, and systems architecture. However, we also report some novel challenges specific to the banking domain, e.g., the risk of jeopardizing customer relations, stability, and trust of external stakeholders. This study validates several SAFe-related challenges reported in previous work in the banking context. It also brings up some novel challenges specific to the banking industry. Therefore, we believe our results are particularly useful to practitioners responsible for SAFe transformations at other banks. © 2021, The Author(s).

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