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1.	Abdullah, Mukhalad, et al. (författare) Missing rainfall data estimation—an approach to investigate different methods: case study of Baghdad 2022 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 15 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The missing of the meteorological data in Iraq is common due to malfunction of measuring devices, security status, and human effects. The study tested 17 missing precipitation data estimation methods in Baghdad city as a case study, where, all the surrounding stations around Baghdad experienced the missing of data for various reasons, and some of the missing data are for a full year record. The methods examined in this study are based on different approaches, some of the methods are based upon the distances to the targeted station, others are upon regression factors, and there are also methods that combine several factors. There are also other types of missing data filling methods which depend on imputation and artificial intelligence. The investigation of the most accurate method to find the missing data will assist researchers and decision makers to fill the gap in their analysis in one of the most vulnerable countries in terms of drought and climate changes impacts. Results showed that Expectation Maximization (EM) method utilization has the best results with the least errors, and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method was ranked the second best method. In general, all of the applied methods had resulted acceptable interpolations, and it was clear that the combined methods have low significance on the results in comparison with others. All of these findings are limited to the study area meteorological and spatial conditions.
2.	Abdullah, Twana, et al. (författare) Groundwater assessment of Halabja Saidsadiq Basin, Kurdistan region, NE of Iraq using vulnerability mapping 2016 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 9:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Halabja Saidsadiq Basin is located in the northeastern part of Iraq covering an area of about 1278 km2 with a population of about 190,727. Groundwater is the principal source of water in this area. Agricultural practices within the basin are widespread and located close to groundwater wells. This poses imminent threat to these resources. DRASTIC model integrated with GIS tool has been used to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability of this area. In addition, theDRASTIC model was modified using nitrate concentrations and sensitivity analysis to modify the recommended weighting value to get accurate results. The modified rates were calculated using the relations between each parameterand the nitrate concentration in the groundwater based on the Wilcoxon rank-sum non-parametric statistical test. While, to calibrate all types of modifications, the Pearson’s correlation coefficient was applied. The standard vulnerability map of the studied basin classified the basin into four zones ofvulnerability index including very low (34 %), low(13 %), moderate (48 %), and high (5 %) vulnerability index, while the combined modification classified the area into five classes: very low (7 %), low (35 %), moderate (19 %), high (35 %),and very high (4 %). The results demonstrate that both modified DRASTIC rate and weight were dramatically superior to the standard model; therefore, the most appropriate method to apply is the combination of modified rate-weight.
3.	Ahmed, Mukhtar (författare) Can sulphur improve the nutrient uptake, partitioning, and seed yield of sesame? 2021 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 14 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Sulphur (S) is considered to improve the nutrient uptake of plants due to its synergistic relationship with other nutrients. This could ultimately enhance the seed yield of oilseed crops. However, there is limited quantitative information on nutrient uptake, distribution, and its associated impacts on seed yield of sesame under the S application. Thus, a two-year field study (2018 and 2019) was conducted to assess the impacts of different S treatments (S-0 = Control, S-20 = 20, S-40 = 40, and S-60 = 60 kg ha(-1)) on total dry matter production, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, S uptake and distribution at the mid-bloom stage and physiological maturity. Furthermore, treatment impacts were studied on the number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, thousand seed weight, and seed yield at physiological maturity in sesame. Compared to S-0, over the years, treatment S-40 significantly increased the total uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and S (by 13, 22, 11% and 16%, respectively) at physiological maturity, while their distribution by 13, 36, 14, and 24% (in leaves), 12, 15, 11, and 15% (in stems), 15, 42, 18, and 10% (in capsules), and 14, 22, 9, and 15% (in seeds), respectively. Enhanced nutrient uptake and distribution in treatment S-40 improved the total biomass accumulation (by 28%) and distribution in leaves (by 34%), stems (by 27%), capsules (by 26%), and seeds (by 28%), at physiological maturity, as compared to S-0. Treatment S-40 increased the number of capsules per plant (by 13%), number of seeds per capsule (by 11%), and thousand seed weight (by 6%), compared to S-0. Furthermore, over the years, relative to control, sesame under S-40 had a higher seed yield by 28% and enhanced the net economic returns by 44%. Thus, our results suggest that optimum S level at the time of sowing improves the nutrient uptake and distribution during the plant lifecycle, which ultimately enhances total dry matter accumulation, seed yield, and net productivity of sesame.
4.	Al-Khuzaie, Marwah M., et al. (författare) Assessment model of water harvesting and storage location using GIS and remote sensing in Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq 2020 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - USA : Springer. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 13:21 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract One of the important steps towards optimizing land productivity and water availability for the semi-arid and arid areas is the identification of potential sites for water harvesting. Therefore, this paper uses the Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques to select the optimized sites for water harvesting in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, Iraq. Geographic water management capabilities are applied as a spatial analysis model. Data from global data repositories are retrieved followed by rescaling them to a spatial resolution to acquire a manageable input data set. The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) model is used to calculate the potential runoff as an intermediate input. Multi-Criteria Evaluation techniques are adopted to identify the relative importance and suitability levels of the input parameters set to manage the water supply. The suitability for identifying irrigation pond and dam location(s) was considered in this study. To achieve this goal, the criteria for eligibility for water harvesting areas have been completed on the basis of the conditions in the study methods. Based on the hydrological and geomorphological standards of the study area, suitable sites for harvest areas were identified and it was divided into four classes in terms of their suitability for water harvesting, namely very low, low, moderate, and high suitable for water harvesting. It can be concluded that the findings of this research can be used to assist in water resources management as an efficient planning tool to ensure sustainable development of the water in Iraq who suffers from water shortages.
5.	Al-Maliki, Laheab A., et al. (författare) Perception of climate change effects on water resources : Iraqi undergraduates as a case study 2022 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 15:6 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Developing countries suffer from the effects of climate change on water resources more than other countries. This paper aims to specify the undergraduates’ knowledge about climate change effects on water resources. This study was conducted through a questionnaire distributed using Google form in May 2021. Descriptive analysis was used to display the level of awareness, and then the correlation between the respondents’ gender, stage, and scientific specialization were analyzed. The results showed that the general knowledge for all questionaries ranged between 40 and 50 %. Moreover, a weak positive correlation with the highest Spearman’s rho of 0.15 was shown for the students’ gender with their understanding of climate change main cause by 0.06 for the academic stage versus knowledge of climate change causes. Moreover, the results indicated a weak role for university education in exchange for a prominent role for television and social media in raising awareness. The research recommends integrating the Environmental Education (EE) programs into the Iraqi educational systems as it proposes a systematic educational method through which climate change and other environmental problems may be addressed holistically at all educational levels.
6.	Amiri, Vahab, et al. (författare) Fluoride occurrence and human health risk from groundwater use at the west coast of Urmia Lake, Iran 2020 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 13:18 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We investigated fluoride (F−) concentration and physicochemical features of groundwater in the Urmia coastal aquifer (northwest, Iran). Groundwater samples were collected during both dry (58 wells) and wet seasons (84 wells). Approximately 15 and 23% of the groundwater samples in the dry and wet seasons, respectively, exceeded the recommended F− value by WHO for drinking water (1.5 mg/L). High F− concentration in groundwater is mainly found in shallow wells. The cause of high F− concentration appears to be mainly caused by human activities. Agricultural fertilizers and industrial waste can result in rapid release of F− into the groundwater. Release of F− into the groundwater can, however, also be triggered by the interaction between rock and water. In the experimental area, high F− concentrations were found close to volcanic rocks. Health risks from exposure to F− in groundwater were analyzed for adults and children. Utilizing sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo simulation, the uncertainties in the risk estimates were calculated. Sensitivity analyses showed that the most pertinent variables are F− concentration in drinking water, averaging time, exposure time, and ingestion rate of water. Children are more susceptible to the noncarcinogenic risk of F− in groundwater.
7.	Ba, Moussa Hamath, et al. (författare) Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of Precambrian mafic dyke swarms in northern Mauritania (West African craton) : analysis and results from remote-sensing interpretation, geographical information systems (GIS), Google Earth ™ images, and regional geology 2020 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 13:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We used remote sensing, geographical information systems, Google Earth™ images, and regional geology in order to (i) improve the mapping of linear structures and understand the chronology of different mafic dyke swarms in the Ahmeyim area that belongs to the Archean Tasiast-Tijirit Terrane of the Reguibat Shield, West African craton, NW Mauritania. The spatial and temporal distributions with the trends of the dyke swarms provide important information about geodynamics. The analysis of the mafic dyke swarms map and statistical data allow us to distinguish four mafic dyke swarm sets: a major swarm trending NE-SW to NNE-SSW (80%) and three minor swarms trending EW to ENE-WSW (9.33%), NW-SE to WNW-ESE (9.06%), and NS (1.3%). The major swarms extend over 35 km while the minor swarms do not exceed 13 km. The Google Earth™ images reveal relative ages through crossover relationships. The major NE-SW to NNE-SSW and the minor NS swarms are the oldest generations emplaced in the Ahemyim area. The NW-SE-oriented swarm dykes which are cutting the two former swarms are emplaced later. The minor E-W to WSW-ENE swarms are probably the youngest. A precise U-Pb baddeleyite age of 2733 ± 2 Ma has been obtained for the NNE-SSW Ahmeyim Great Dyke. This dyke is approximately 1500 m wide in some zone and extends for more than 150 km. The distinct mafic dyke swarms being identified in this study can potentially be linked with coeval magmatic events on other cratons around the globe to identify reconstructed LIPs and constrain continental reconstructions.
8.	Bozkurt, Sinem, 1990, et al. (författare) Finite element-based geotechnical risk analysis for anchor-supported deep excavations 2023 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - 1866-7538 .- 1866-7511. ; 16, s. 1-15 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Evaluation of the reliability of deep excavation support systems requires the inclusion of the soil variability in conjunction with probabilistic analysis. This is often considered a complicated process; therefore, the method is usually not followed in routine engineering practice. Recent developments in finite element modelling now enable probabilistic analyses to be performed more conveniently. As an illustrative example, the case history of a 20 m-deep excavation supported by anchored drilled shafts in the Sogutozu district of Ankara was investigated. Experimental results indicate that saturated sand-gravel bands, which are common within Ankara Clay, have the potential to cause a significant decrease in the anchor capacity. Ergo the excavation performance, including structural capacity and wall lateral displacements, was evaluated taking into regard the probabilistic nature of the effect of these bands and the variability of the soil parameters. Back-analysis was performed and compared with inclinometer readings to examine the capability of the numerical model to simulate the field behaviour. Later, additional finite element analyses were carried out through Python scripting software to investigate the reliability of the excavation. Geotechnical parameters of the Ankara Clay produced by Monte Carlo simulation method were used in these analyses. The results were evaluated within the context of recommended acceptable reliability levels. The reliability of the system was determined to be relatively low when taking into account the adverse impact of sand and gravel bands.
9.	Bwambale, Joash, et al. (författare) Modelling the impact of climate change on maize yield in Victoria Nile Sub-basin, Uganda 2022 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : SPRINGER HEIDELBERG. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 15:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Agriculture is the backbone of Uganda's economy, with about 24.9% contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP) as per the Uganda National Household Survey 2016/17. Agricultural productivity (yield per hectare) is still low due to the high dependence on rain-fed subsistence farming. Climate change is expected to further reduce the yield per hectare. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the potential impact of climate change on maize yield in the Victoria Nile Sub-basin using the AquaCrop model. It further assesses the possible adaptation measures to climate change. The Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model version 2-Earth System (HadGEM2-ES) data downloaded from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) was used to simulate maize yield in the near future (2021-2040), mid future (2041-2070) and late future (2071-2099). Results show that maize yield is likely to reduce by as high as 1-10%, 2-42% and 1-39% in the near, mid and late futures, respectively, depending on the agro-ecological zone. This decline in maize yield can have a significant impact on regional food security as well as socio-economic well-being since maize is a staple crop. The study also shows that improving soil fertility has no significant impact on maize yield under climate change. However, a combined application of supplementary irrigation and shifting the planting dates is a promising strategy to maintain food security and socio-economic development. This study presents important findings and adaptation strategies that policymakers and other stakeholders such as farmers can implement to abate the effects of climate change on crop production.
10.	Chabuk, Ali, et al. (författare) Water quality assessment along Tigris River (Iraq) using water quality index (WQI) and GIS software 2020 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - Switzerland : Springer. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 13:14 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Most of the third world countries having rivers passing through them suffer from the water contaminant problem. This problem is considered so difficult to get the water quality within the standard allowable limits for drinking, as well as for industrial and agricultural purposes. This research aims to assess the water quality of the Tigris River using the water quality index method and GIS software. Twelve parameters (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO4, HCO3, TH, TDS, BOD5, NO3, and EC) were taken from 14 stations along the river. The weighted arithmetic method was applied to compute the water quality index (WQI). The interpolation method (IDW) was applied in ArcGIS 10.5 to produce the prediction maps for 12 parameters at 11 stations along the Tigris River during the wet and dry seasons in 2016. The regression prediction was applied on three stations in the Tigris River between observed values and predicted values, from the prediction maps, in both seasons. The results showed that the regression prediction for all parameters was given the acceptable values of the determination coefficient (R2). Furthermore, the state of water quality for the Tigris River was degraded downstream of the Tigris River, especially at the station (8) in Aziziyah in the wet and dry seasons and increase degradation clearly at Qurnah (Basrah province) in the south of Iraq. This paper considers the whole length of the Tigris River for the study. This is important to give comprehensive knowledge about the contamination reality of the river. Such that it becomes easier to understand the problem of contamination, analyze it, and then find the suitable treatments and solutions.
11.	Elbeltagi, Ahmed, et al. (författare) Optimizing hyperparameters of deep hybrid learning for rainfall prediction: a case study of a Mediterranean basin 2022 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 15 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Predicting rainfall amount is essential in water resources planning and for managing structures, especially those against floods and long-term drought establishment. Machine learning techniques can produce good results using a minimum dataset requirement, making it a leader among the prediction algorithms. This work develops a hybrid learning model for monthly rainfall prediction at four geographical locations representing Mediterranean basins in Northern Algeria and desert areas in Egypt. The study proposes an adaptive dynamic-based hyperparameter optimization algorithm to improve the accuracy of hybrid deep learning models. The proposed model provided a good fit, based on the obtained Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index (NSE ≈ 0.90) with a high correlation coefficient of R ≈ 0.96, providing improvements of up to 62% in the RMSE. The proposed method proved to be an encouraging and promising tool to simulate water cycle components for better water resources management and protection.
12.	Elias, Ziyad, et al. (författare) Evaluation of the drainage system of Zagros Basin (Greater Zab River, northern Iraq) and insights into tectonic geomorphology 2020 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 13:22 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Geomorphological evaluation was carried out for three drainage basins named Hareer, Dwaine, and Hijran, which are tributaries of the Greater Zab River in the northern part of Erbil Governorate, the Iraqi Kurdistan Region, north Iraq. The exposed rocks in the three basins are mainly clastic rocks (sandstone, claystone, and conglomerate, with subordinate gypsum and limestone beds). However, in the uppermost parts of the basins, thick and massive carbonate rocks are exposed. Tectonically, the three basins are located in the Low Folded and High Folded Zones, which belong to the Zagros Fold–Thrust Belt. The main aim of the current study is to deduce the tectonic activity of the area occupied by the studied three basins. We have used and interpreted Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data to perform the geomorphological evaluation. Different geomorphological indices and forms were used to deduce the tectonic activity of the area occupied by the three basins. Accordingly, seven orders of streams were identified in the three basins. The number of the streams with low order (i.e., 1) joining with higher order (i.e., 6 and 7) is considerably higher in the three basins. The Hat values of the three basins are 12,971, 10,479, and 7014 in Hareer, Dwaine, and Hijran basins, respectively. The values of hierarchical anomaly index (Δa) of the three basins are 1.87, 1.35, and 2.37 in Hareer, Hijran, and Dwaine basins, respectively. It was observed that the shape of Hareer and Shakrook anticlines has a significant impact on the main trunk of the channel. Therefore, when an anticline and syncline are close to each other (due to thrust faulting), then the hierarchical anomaly increases because the river trunk receives a lot of first-order streams, e.g., in Dwaine and Hijran basins. The lateral growth in the eastern part of Safin anticline had caused increasing of the Δa. The increased hierarchical anomaly index is attributed to the existence of faults and lineaments, which represent weakness zones. The hypsometric curves of the three basins have a typical shape of old stage with rejuvenation in their central and terminal portions which is changed into mature stage, most probably due to the local uplift which is caused by normal, thrust, and strike–slip (oblique) faults which exist in the study area and the near surroundings. The Bs and Hat values in Hareer, Dwaine, and Hijran basins indicate that the basins exhibit low, medium, and high tectonic activity, respectively.
13.	Eslamizade, Faeze, et al. (författare) Decision-level fusion of satellite imagery and LiDAR data for post-earthquake damage map generation in Haiti 2021 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 14:12 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Earthquake is one of the most lethal natural disasters and a severe threat to human life. The damage maps are precious information to mitigate the casualties after an earthquake in guiding the rescuers towards the affected area. This paper proposes a novel method, named decision-level damage estimation (DLDE), to generate the building damage map using post-event high-resolution satellite imagery (HRSI) and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) raster data. The meaningful information which describes the available data is produced through texture analysis in the primary step of the proposed method. Support vector machine (SVM) classification algorithm is employed to extract the damaged buildings after the separation of the building area. In the next step, the damage degree based on LiDAR and satellite image for each building is calculated, and in the final stage, these damage degrees are fused to obtain the final damage degree for buildings. We evaluated the proposed DLDE method using the WorldView II satellite image and LiDAR data of Port-au-Prince, Haiti, which was acquired after the 2010 earthquake. The overall accuracy (OA) of 81% proved the high ability of the proposed method for the assessment of post-earthquake damage.
14.	fontana, S., et al. (författare) Diagenesis of the Khuff Formation (Permian-Triassic), northern United Arab Emirates 2010 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 3:4, s. 351-368 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This diagenetic study (including fieldwork, petrographic, fluid inclusion, and stable isotope investigations) deals with the outcrop of Upper Permian-Lower Triassic carbonate rocks, which are equivalent to the Khuff Formation. The studied succession, which outcrops in the Ras Al Khaimah region, northern United Arab Emirates, comprises three formations, including the Bih, the Hagil, and the Ghail formations. The study focuses on unraveling the conditions and fluid compositions encountered during diagenesis of the succession. Emphasize is also made on linking diagenesis to major stratigraphic surfaces and to highlight reservoir property evolution and heterogeneity of the studied rocks. The evolution of fluids and related diagenetic products can be summarized as follows: (1) formation of near-surface to shallow burial, fine-crystalline dolomite (dolomite matrix) through pervasive dolomitization of carbonate sediments by modified marine pore waters; (2) formation of coarse-crystalline dolomite cement by highly evolved marine pore waters (13-23 wt.% NaCl eq.) at elevated temperatures (120-208A degrees C), and (3) calcite cementation by highly saline fluid (20-23 wt.% NaCl eq.) at high temperature (170-212A degrees C). A final calcite cement generation has been formed by the percolation of meteoric fluids during uplift. Fracture- and vug-filling diagenetic minerals are mainly restricted to the mid-Bih breccia marker level, suggesting preferential focused fluid flow through specific stratigraphic surfaces as well as along tectonic-related structures. Reservoir properties have been evolved as result of the interplay of the original sedimentary texture and the diagenetic evolution. Porosity is higher in the Bih Formation, which is dominated by dolomitized packstones and grainstones, than in the Hagil and Ghail formations, consisting mainly of dolomitized mudstones and wackestones. Image analyses were used to quantify the visual porosity in thin sections. The highest porosity values were measured in the Bih Formation, which is characterized by significant amounts of vug- and fracture-filling cements. This feature is attributed to the increase of porosity owing to substantial dissolution of abundant intergranular and vug-filling cements. In contrast, the Hagil and Ghail formations, which consist of finer-grained rock than the Bih Formation, were less cemented, and thus, the porosity enhancement by cement dissolution was insignificant.
15.	Franca, Josue, 1979-, et al. (författare) Analysing the interactions and complexities of the operationsin the production area of an FPSO platform using the functionalresonance analysis method (FRAM) 2022 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 15 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The technological evolution of several productive sectors of society has demanded the same level of evolution for the oiland gas industry, both for energy production and their own systems’ functioning. The production of crude oil and naturalgas in offshore units is one of the answers to this demand. However, these offshore units have critical onboard activities andrisks, notably FPSO units; it is necessary to have adequate recognition of the elements that can support these activities andmanage these risks, enabling productive and safe operations. In this sense, this article aims to increase the understanding ofthe complex interactions and inherent safety issues that arise in the operations of FPSOs, observing and analysing the workdone onboard such platforms. The FRAM methodology has been chosen because it allows for the recognition and analysisof the complex interactions involving workers, equipment, system and offshore environment, focusing on the oil treatmentarea of the process plant. The results demonstrated some interesting findings regarding onboard safety and the relationshipbetween human competences, work demands and process safety.
16.	Ghazi, Babak, et al. (författare) Predicting groundwater level fluctuations under climate change scenarios for Tasuj plain, Iran 2021 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 14:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Coastal aquifers world-wide are being confronted with several major challenges, such as overextraction of groundwater, climate change impacts, contamination by wastewater, and saltwater intrusion into water resources. Climate change induced alteration of the hydrological cycle is one of the main threats to future accessibility of water resources. Effective prediction of possible impacts of climate change on groundwater reserves, a crucial water resource, could be of great importance for sustainable water management. In a comparative study, artificial neural network (ANN), least square support vector machine (LSSVM), and nonlinear autoregressive network with exogenous inputs (NARX) models was applied to evaluate possible impacts of three representative concentration pathways (RCP) climate change scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5) on groundwater levels in Tasuj Plain, Iran. Four general circulation models (GCM) was used to predict temperature and precipitation values for the future period 2022-2050 and found that future temperature increased, while the amount of precipitation decreased. To improve the accuracy of three models in groundwater level prediction, db4 wavelet transform was applied. The results indicated that the Wavelet-NARX approach gave the best accuracy in forecasting groundwater level in the study area. In all cases, prediction indicated that groundwater level in all representative wells would decline in future.
17.	Haj-Amor, Zied, et al. (författare) Soil salinization and critical shallow groundwater depth under saline irrigation condition in a Saharan irrigated land 2017 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 10:14 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In the arid irrigated lands, understanding the impact of shallow groundwater fluctuation on soil salinization has become crucial. Thus, investigation of the possible options for maintaining the groundwater depth for improving land productivity is of great importance. In this study, under saline irrigation condition, the effects of shallow groundwater depth on water and salt dynamics in the root-zone of date palms were analyzed through a particular field and modeling (SWAP) investigation in a Tunisian Saharan oasis (Dergine Oasis). The model was calibrated and validated against the measured soil water content through the date palm root-zone. The good agreement between measured and estimated soil water content demonstrated that the SWAP model is an effective tool to accurately simulate the water and salt dynamics in the root-zone of date palm. Multiple groundwater depth scenarios were performed, using the calibrated SWAP model, to achieve the optimal groundwater depth. The simulation results revealed that the shallow groundwater with a depth of ~80 cm coupled with frequent irrigation (20 days interval) during the summer season is the best practice to maintain the adequate soil water content (>0.035 (cm3 cm−3) and safe salinity level (<4 dS m−1) in the root-zone layer. The results of field investigation and numerical simulation in the present study can lead to a better management of lands with shallow water table in the Saharan irrigated areas.
18.	Haj-Amor, Zied, et al. (författare) Surface irrigation performance of date palms under water scarcity in arid irrigated lands 2018 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 11:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this paper, a study on the performance of surface irrigation of date palms in a Tunisian arid area (Douz oasis) is presented. The study is conducted in 16 plots with various sizes and soil textures over a 4-year period (2012–2015). In the first step, an assessment of total water requirements of the date palms is carried out. Then, the surface irrigation performance is analyzed using three indicators, i.e., the relative water supply (RWS) indicator, the uniformity index of water distribution (DU), and the water application efficiency (Ea). Finally, the irrigation management problems are identified. The results indicate that in the arid Tunisian Saharan oases, the soil texture, plot size, and farmers’ practices (especially irrigation duration) have significant effects on surface irrigation performance. The average annual net irrigation requirements of date palms are about 2400 mm. The RWS increases from 1.8 in the smaller plots (0.5 ha) to 3.6 in the largest plots (2.5 ha), implying that the increase in the plot size requires an excessive water supply. DU decreases from 80.7 in the 0.5 ha plots to 65.4 in the 2.5 ha plots; however, no significant difference in the Ea is observed. The results show that the soil texture has no influence on the RWS and DU, but the Ea is significantly higher in the loamy-sand soils (46.7%) compared to the sandy soils (36.3%). Overall, RWS indicator is higher than 1 (RWS = 2.6) implying excessive irrigation supply to the system. Although DU is relatively uniform (> 60%), Ea is relatively low (< 50%) indicating that the current irrigation management is inefficient. These findings have a paramount importance for improving irrigation water management in the Tunisian Saharan oases.
19.	Ismael, Adnan A., et al. (författare) Predicting the discharge coefficient of oblique cylindrical weir using neural network techniques 2021 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 14:16 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Cylindrical weir shapes offer a steady-state overflow pattern, where the type of weirs can offer a simple design and provide the ease-to-pass floating debris. This study considers a coefficient of discharge (Cd) prediction for oblique cylindrical weir using three diameters, the first is of D1 = 0.11 m, the second is of D2 = 0.09 m, and the third is of D3 = 0.06.5 m, and three inclination angles with respect to channel axis, the first is of θ1 = 90 ͦ, the second is of θ2 = 45 ͦ, and the third is of θ3 = 30 ͦ. The Cd values for total of 56 experiments are estimated by using the radial basis function network (RBFN), in addition of comparing that with the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) and cascade-forward neural network (CFNN). Root mean square error (RMSE), mean square error (MSE), and correlation coefficient (CC) statics are used as metrics measurements. The RBFN attained superior performance comparing to the other neural networks of BPNN and CFNN. It is found that, for the training stage, the RBFN network benchmarked very small RMSE and MSE values of 1.35E-12 and 1.83E-24, respectively and for the testing stage, it also could benchmark very small RMSE and MSE values of 0.0082 and 6.80E-05, respectively.
20.	Isundwa, F.K., et al. (författare) The Potential for Water Stewardship Partnership in Kenya 2019 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 12:12 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Water resources face risks due to water use stress and water scarcity. Collective and integrated actions by different institutions and stakeholders are needed to reduce future water risks. This paper aimed to assess the potential for a water stewardship partnership in River Nzoia Basin to reduce future water risks facing the ecosystem, agriculture, and other sectors by quantifying water risks and mapping stakeholders for a water stewardship partnership in the basin. Water risks were quantified using indicators from remote sensing platforms and secondary sources. Stakeholder mapping was conducted using stakeholder analysis, while stakeholders’ views were collected using questionnaires. The results showed that there is a high fluctuation in the vegetation cover and primary productivity in the basin pointing to a degradation and deforestation. It was also noted that there is an increase in the frequency and severity of drought and high evapotranspiration rates in some parts of the basin due to the low vegetation cover. Combining the results indicated an increase in water risk between 2000 and 2014 in different parts of the basin at a different magnitude of risks. The conducted interviews found that the basin lacked a stewardship program. However, there was a potential for a successful stewardship partnership among stakeholders as most of the stakeholders showed their ability to play a role in the stewardship program. The paper showed a need to form a water stewardship program at the basin to tackle drought, deforestation, and land degradation. The proposed water stewardship program should be built on commitment, transparency, and inclusivity.
21.	Javadnia, Eslam, et al. (författare) A MODIS-based modeling scheme for the estimation of downward surface shortwave radiation under cloud-free conditions 2017 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 10 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) plays an important role in radiation modeling and partly determines the accuracy of estimated downward surface shortwave radiation (DSSR). In this study, Iqbal’s model C was used to estimate DSSR under cloud-free conditions over the Koohin and Chitgar sites in Tehran, Iran; the estimated DSSR was based on (1) our proposed hybrid modeling scheme where the AOD is retrieved using the Simplified Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm (SARA), ground-based measurements at the AERONET site in Zanjan and (2) the AOD from the Terra MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. Several other Terra MODIS land and atmospheric products were also used as input data, including geolocation properties, water vapor, total ozone, surface reflectance, and top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiance. SARA-based DSSR and MODIS-based DSSR were evaluated with ground-based DSSR measurements at the Koohin and Chitgar sites in 2011 and 2013, respectively; the averaged statistics for SARA-based DSSR [R2 ≈ 0.95, RMSE ≈ 22 W/m2 (2.5% mean value), and bias ≈ 3 W/m2] were stronger than those for MODIS-based DSSR [R2 ≈ 0.79, RMSE ≈ 51 W/m2 (5.8% mean value), and bias ≈ 34 W/m2]. These results show that the proposed hybrid scheme can be used at regional to global scales under the assumption of future access to spatially distributed AERONET sites. Additionally, the robustness of this modeling scheme was exemplified by estimating the aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) during a dust storm in Southwest Asia. The results were comparable to those of previous studies and showed the strength of our modeling scheme.
22.	Kamis, Ahmed Samy, et al. (författare) Effect of reservoir models and climate change on flood analysis in arid regions 2020 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 13:16 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Dams are built in arid regions across watersheds for flood control among other purposes. Capacity-elevation (C-E) curves are vital for reservoir routing and dam operation. Different models are available for representing C-E relationships. Power and logarithmic laws are evaluated and tested for reservoir routing. The evaluation is based on the analysis of 136 reservoirs across different regions of Saudi Arabia (SA). The analysis revealed that 75.7% of the reservoirs are of flood plain foothill type. A case study on Al-Lith dam basin is utilized for application based on measured events. The resulting routed outflow hydrographs showed that the logarithmic law is better to represent the reservoir than the power law. With respect to the climate change effect, the results show that the predicted rainfall from Representative Concentration Pathways scenario (RCP4.5) increased by about 20 to 31.4% from 5 to 100 years return periods respectively with an average of 27%. While for scenario RCP8.5, the predicted rainfall increased by 42% to about 55% from 5 to 100 years return periods respectively with an average of 49%. For the RCP4.5 scenario, the peak flows,Q(p), and volumes,W, increased by an average of 69% and 67% respectively. While for the RCP8.5 scenario, the same parameters increased by an average of 139% and 134% respectively. The effect of transmission losses in the results seems to be minor with respect to climate change signal (for RCP4.5,Q(p)andWare lowered on average by 2% and 0.5% respectively, and for RCP8.5,Q(p)andWare lowered on average by 4.5% and 1.3% respectively). The results of this research recommend to use the logarithmic law and to take into account the effect of climate change on future dam projects in SA.
23.	Moghaddam, Sadegh, et al. (författare) The comparative sense of sparse deconvolution and least-squares deconvolution methods in increasing the temporal resolution of GPR data 2019 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer Nature. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 12:20 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Improving the temporal resolution of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data is a fundamental factor in presenting the characteristics of the underground structures. The advantages of sparse signal processing using the majorization-minimization (MM) method in GPR signal compression are investigated. In this method, minimizing the cost function is determined with L1 and L2 norms; also, the banded structures of matrices resulting from the sparse deconvolution problem are regarded. Then, the MM algorithm has been implemented with least-squares deconvolution (LSQR) on the synthetic and real data collected by a system with dual-frequency antennas of 300 and 800 MHz. The compression process has resulted in a high-resolution image from the subsurface layers and anomalies. Analysis of the outputs reported that the reflection coefficient improved significantly by application of the MM algorithm to the synthetic and real data compared with the least-squares deconvolution which only filters the data. The power spectrum after using the MM algorithm shows acceptable compression. Moreover, this algorithm leads to a considerable improvement on the amplitudes so that the hidden anomalies are better restored.
24.	Mohammad, Y O, 7602, et al. (författare) Geochronological and mineral chemical constraints on the age and formation conditions of the leucogranite in the Mawat ophiolite, Northeastern of Iraq: insight to sync-subduction zone granite 2016 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 9:12 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Daraban leucogranite occurs as cactus-like dykes hosted in serpentinized harzburgite in the mantle section of the Mawat ophiolite, Kurdistan region, northeastern Iraq. It has a primary mineral assemblage of quartz+orthoclase+albite+tourmaline+muscovite, with Mg-rich biotite, phlogopite, zircon, ilmenite–titanohematite exsolution, xenotime, and monazite as the most abundant accessory minerals. New laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U–(Th)–Pb dating of zircon, monazite, and xenotime reveal a single episode of leucogranite magmatism in the Mawat ophiolite at 92.6±1.2Ma. These data indicate that the intrusion ages of leucogranite rocks postdate the 105±5Ma formation age of Mawat ophiolite obtained by K–Ar hornblende method. The leucogranite magma originated by anatexis of pelagic sediments during the late Cretaceous subduction in the Neo-Tethys Ocean, leading to the formation of the Mawat ophiolite as part of the main Zagros ophiolite belt in Iraq and Iran. Tourmaline and biotite from leucogranite dykes were examined regarding their microchemistry and formation environment. Electron microprobe studies show that the tourmalines form mainly dravite–schorl solid solutions with a tendency to schorl compositions. Biotites in the leucogranite have bimodal composition represents by phlogopite and Mg-rich biotite. The tourmaline and biotite compositions, as well as field observations, appear to exclude a late-stage magmatic differentiation origin for the leucogranite. A probable source is S-type granitic magma rich in boron that resulted from the anatexis of silica-rich Ca-poor subduction wedge sediments like those of the Qulqula group. This intruded the ophiolites during the subduction stage. Calculated biotite and Fe–Ti oxide equilibria indicate that the parent magma formed along the subduction zone and solidified in the mantle wedge at a pressure 3.8–4.2kbar, equivalent to 12.5–13.8km depth. © 2016, Saudi Society for Geosciences.
25.	Naderi, Arman, et al. (författare) Development of surface reaction of nano-colloid minerals using novel ionic liquids and assessing their removal ability for Pb(II) and Hg(II) 2020 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 13:10 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The purpose of this study was to produce novel eco-friendly organoclays for removing toxic elements from aqueous environment. In the present research, nano-bentonite (Bent) and nano-montmorillonite (MT) minerals were treated with novel ionic liquids including 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride ([Omim][Cl]), 3,3′-(hexane-1,6-diyl) bis (1-methyl-imidazolium) bromide chloride ([H(mim)2[Br][Cl]), and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Hmim][Cl]) to produce organoclays with ecofriendly features. The products were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD); Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen elemental analysis (CHN); scanning electron microscope (SEM); and specific surface area (SSA) (via N2-BET method) techniques. Finally, the mechanism involved in the adsorption of Pb(II) and Hg(II) onto organoclays from the aqueous phase was investigated by applying most three popular experimental adsorption isotherms including Langmuir, Freundlich, and Sips models. The results showed that by intercalating ILs, first XRD diffraction (d001) of the modified clays was increased. Based on the results of Sips model, [H(mim)2]-clays and [Omim]-clays had maximum adsorption capacity and maximum adsorption affinity. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the amount of removed toxic metals by the modified clays in this research was more than those in the previous researches. This research demonstrated that clay mineral modifications using ILs is enhanced clay d-spacing and facilitated diffusion of the large hazardous metal ions into clay interlayer spaces. These increased their potential for toxic metal immobilization as green adsorbents.
26.	Oskooi, Behrooz, et al. (författare) Attenuation of random noise in GPR data by image processing 2018 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - Heidelberg : Springer. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 11:21 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Random noise in ground penetrating radar (GPR) data affects the signal-to-noise ratio, blurs the details, and complicates reconnaissance of the useful information. Many methods with different advantages and disadvantages have been proposed to eliminate or weaken the random noise. We have reviewed basic principles of various signal processing techniques including the curvelet transform (CT), non-local mean (NLM), median, and mean filters to remove the random noise and compared their performances using synthetic and actual GPR data. The performances of the four filters were analyzed on synthetic GPR data both in time and frequency domains. On noisy synthetic data, results indicate that the CT filter performs better than NLM, mean, and median filters at attenuating random noise and improving S/N of the GPR data. On the real data, the performance of only the NLM and CT filters was investigated. Comparing the results clearly shows the CT filter robustness for the random noise attenuation and simultaneously its signal preservation
27.	Oskooi, Behrooz, et al. (författare) Magnetotelluric investigation on Bjorko impact structure, west of Stockholm, Sweden 2016 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 9:13 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper describes the application of magnetotelluric (MT) method to investigate Bjorko impact structure located at west of Stockholm, Sweden. This structure has formed in crystalline rocks ca. 1.2 Ga ago and located relatively close to the district heating infrastructure of the Stockholm region, as the largest district heating system in Europe. Since impact structures mostly contain fractured rock volumes in the form of breccia formations, the occurred brecciation zones in this region are more favorable potential targets for geothermal investigations. The main objective is evaluating the capability of the study area to have potential for geothermal resources by mapping the subsurface structure. To image electrical characteristic of underground layers, 1D and 2D bimodal inversions of TE and TM modes of MT data are performed. The results are also compared with the outputs of the inversion of the determinant data (yielding a direction independent average of the subsurface conductivity) along the same profiles, proving good accordance of the outputs. The processed resistivity sections at depth along with measuring various rock physical properties across two drilled boreholes at Bjorko and Midsommar islands localized two conductors at depths of 1 km and from 2.5 to 4.5 km, which may be attributed to be a potential zone for geothermal energy retrieval.
28.	Perez-Rey, Ignacio, et al. (författare) Experimental observations and variability assessment of the basic friction angle of rock and concrete saw-cut surfaces under different testing conditions 2022 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer Nature. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 15:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Prediction of the shear strength of rock discontinuities is usually performed by resorting to empirical shear strength criteria that depend on different inputs, some of which can be estimated through laboratory tests. Even though these tests are usually developed with rock materials, concrete is often used to make joint replicas. A relevant parameter among those affecting the shear strength behaviour of discontinuities is the basic friction angle, representative of a planar surface and clearly related to the angle of repose of granular materials and solid bodies placed on an inclined plane. Many efforts were carried out by several researchers to suggest a straightforward and simple procedure to obtain this parameter for rock surfaces in a rigorous way by means of tilt tests, which crystallized into an 'ISRM Suggested Method'. Aiming at complementing basic friction angle results from tests developed under different scenarios and with different materials (rock and concrete), this paper presents an experimental program encompassing more than 500 tilt tests carried out in dry, water-saturated and submerged conditions. Complementarily, a detailed assessment of both rock and concrete surfaces was carried out, in order to study the possible implications between surface topography, wear, mass loss and evolution of the basic friction angle with repeated testing. The basic friction angle of a granite and a concrete has been estimated for three different testing scenarios related to the water content of specimens. A relevant effect of the environmental conditions of the laboratory (humidity and temperature) on results has been detected. Experimental conclusions are complemented with a statistical assessment of results.
29.	Saeed, Mohazzam, et al. (författare) Influence of hydrodynamic variables on scaling up of mechanical flotation cells 2022 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 15:20 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Flotation performance is influenced by many hydrodynamic variables, such as impeller speed, airflow rate, and cell geometry. These variables’ effects and interactions remain unsatisfactorily explored, especially concerning scaling-up procedures. As an innovative approach, this study considered factorial-designed experiments to explore the effects of hydrodynamic factors (impeller tip speed and superficial gas velocity) on scaling up the Outotec GTK LabCell™ mechanical flotation machine cells, common equipment used as a benchmark for many industrial pre-feasibility studies. Therefore, the influence of hydrodynamic variables and their interactions on flotation performance was evaluated in two cells (2 L and 7.5 L). The evaluation was based on the flotation rate constant “k” calculated by first- and second-order equations. Analysis of the particle size distribution indicated that the performance of the two cells was different, as shown by the finer concentrate for the 2-L cell compared to the 7.5-L cell. The outcomes demonstrated that symmetrical design in the geometry of mechanical flotation cells would lead to an accurate scaling up based on the metallurgical responses. Otherwise, the scaling procedure could only be accurate under some specific conditions. As a criterion, the results showed that using k, the scaling-up process between these two GTK LabCell™ mechanical flotation machine cells (2 L and 7.5 L) would be possible only under a specific superficial gas velocity (0.14 cm/s) apart from the impeller tip speed (R2 = 1). These results could potentially be key for the future design and development of mechanical flotation cells.
30.	Singh, Mritunjay Kumar, et al. (författare) High resolution DEM generation for complex snow covered Indian Himalayan Region using ADS80 aerial push-broom camera: a first time attempt 2015 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 8:3, s. 1403-1414 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
31.	Sissakian, Varoujan K., et al. (författare) Safeen anticline: a complicated structure and its negative impact on oil exploration, Iraqi Kurdistan Region 2022 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer Nature. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 15 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Safeen anticline is one of the most complicated anticlines in Iraqi Kurdistan Region (IKR), with NW–SE trend. Structurally, the anticline is truncated by different types of faults; some of them are deep-seated faults, which have complicated the subsurface form of the anticline. The anticline includes two domes with two parasitic anticlines and synclines along both limbs. Moreover, two hanging synclines exist northeastwards and one southwestwards. Six possible deep seated transversal faults may occur along the anticline, dissecting the anticline in NE–SW trend and extending northeastwards and southwestwards. Moreover, the deep-seated faults dissect many anticlines on both sides of the Safeen anticline. The deep-seated faults have contributed to the complexity of the anticline, as compared to other anticlines in the Zagros Fold–Thrust Belt, especially inside IKR, and have negative impact to the oil exploration activities in the anticline. Therefore, the drilled Safeen Oil well 01 has missed the target. We have used satellite images from land viewer website + Terraincognita app to study the structural style of the anticline, and to recognize different structural features. Field investigation was carried out to check the interpreted data.
32.	Sulaiman, Sadeq Oleiwi, et al. (författare) Evaluation of sediment transport empirical equations : case study of the Euphrates River West Iraq 2021 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 14:10 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Sediment transport in rivers is an important and complex process. It is very important to know the nature and quantities of sediments transported in course of rivers to achieve prudent water management. Due to the presence of most of the important projects on or near the banks of the river in the study area, so there is always a fear that these projects will be affected by the processes of erosion, transport, and sedimentation among the decision makers. Therefore, there is a need to develop our knowledge of the suitable equations that can be applied with acceptable accuracy to obtain satisfactory results for monitoring the processes of erosion, sedimentation, and transport that occur in River path to monitor and anticipate the changes taking place in the areas of the riverbanks. This study was carried out to check the reliability of different sediment transport formulas using data collected from the Euphrates River at the thermal power station in Al Anbar province, Iraq. The study also aimed to select the best formula for this site. Hydrological data have been collected. These were used for computing the total sediment load in the river at a specified cross-section using common sediment transport formulas ascribed to Ackers-White, Bagnold, Yang, Colby, Shen and Hung, and Engelund-Hansen. The performance of these formulas was assessed based on the accuracy of the predictions of the observed sediment load within a limited discrepancy ratio. The evaluations showed that the Engelund-Hansen formula represented the best formula for this river reach.
33.	Verma, Sangeeta, et al. (författare) Simplified SMA-inspired 1-parameter SCS-CN model for runoff estimation 2018 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 11:15 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study proposes a simplified 1-parameter SCS-CN model (M5) based on Mishra-Singh (2002) model and soil moisture accounting (SMA) procedure for surface runoff estimation and compares its performance with the existing SCS-CN method (SCS, 1956) (M1), Michel 1-P model (Water Resour Res 41:1-6, 2005) (M2), Sahu 1-P model (Hydrol Process 21:2872-2881, 2007) (M3), and Ajmal et al. model (J Hydrol 530:623-633, 2015) (M4) using large rainfall–runoff dataset of 48,763 events from123 USDA-ARS watersheds. The performance of models was evaluated using three statistical error indices such as Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), root mean square error (RMSE), percentage bias (PBIAS), and rank and grading system (RGS). Based on the results obtained, the models can be ranked as follows: M5 > M4 > M3 > M1 > M2, i.e., model M5 outperformed all the remaining four models M1–M4 and hence is recommended for field applications.
34.	Zemni, Nessrine, et al. (författare) Evaluation of modified Hilhorst models for pore electrical conductivity estimation using a low‑cost dielectric sensor 2022 Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 15:11, s. 1-9 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Real-time measurement of soil water content (θ) and pore electrical conductivity (ECp) is essential to improve water irriga-tion efficiency and agricultural productivity. Low-cost frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) sensors are now representinga powerful tool for irrigation management purposes. However, compared to the time domain reflectometry (TDR), FDRsensors’ accuracy to predict θ and ECp is negatively affected by saline conditions. Thus, it is necessary to determine the soilsalinity range where FDR probes are not recommended in precise irrigated agriculture and to select the appropriate modelsfor ECp estimation especially under saline conditions. Low-cost sensors, however, often use the default Hilhorst model forECp determination, and in salty soils, this use is not correct. Thus, we present a new and improved Hilhorst model of ECpestimation. We also assess the performance of the low-cost Water, Electrical conductivity, and Temperature (WET) sen-sor and to test the new ECp model under saline conditions. Consequently, the ECp was predicted using, first, a polynomialmodel in which ECa effect on the soil parameter K0 is considered and second, a linear model in which the ECa effect on soilapparent dielectric permittivity Ka is considered. The performance of the proposed models is evaluated by measurements ofthe WET sensor in sandy porous media collected in the Tunisian Jemna oasis using seven different levels of NaCl solutions(0.02 to 8.2 dSm−1) and compared to TDR measurements. Results show that using the default Hilhorst model, the root meansquare error (RMSE) of ECp predictions was higher than 0.5 dSm−1 using WET sensor. However, if considering the bulkelectrical conductivity (ECa) effect on the soil parameter K0 instead of using the standard values in the Hilhorst model, theperformance of the WET sensor to predict ECp increased with a mean RMSE equal to 0.1 dSm−1. (1) (PDF) Evaluation of modified Hilhorst models for pore electrical conductivity estimation using a low-cost dielectric sensor. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361016731_Evaluation_of_modified_Hilhorst_models_for_pore_electrical_conductivity_estimation_using_a_low-cost_dielectric_sensor [accessed Oct 02 2023].

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