| 1. |
- Barnoos, Vahid, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental evaluation of the consolidation treatments of low porosity limestone from the historic monument of the Anahita Temple of Kangavar, Iran
- 2022
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 14:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to provide an efficient and compatible method to consolidate the limestone blocks used in construction of the Anahita Temple of Kangavar in Iran. Four types of consolidants were evaluated for consolidation treatment, including TEOS, Nanolime, TEOS + MTMOS mixture, and TEOS + Nanolime mixture. The efficiency of the consolidants was evaluated through water absorption, open porosity, and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests, and the durability to freeze-thaw cycles was also verified. Furthermore, the microstructure and color variation were respectively evaluated by SEM-EDS and colorimetry. TEOS + MTMOS mixture decreased water absorption and induced the formation of a homogenous layer without crack; however, a color alteration on the treated surface is also observed. The Nanolime did not work for the consolidation of this stone type due to its low penetration and accumulation of nanoparticles on the surface causing increased water absorption. In addition, TEOS + Nanolime mixture did not penetrate the pores of the stone properly and did not increase its freezing resistance. TEOS induced a satisfactory result with no significant color alteration, if compared to TEOS + MTMOS treatment, as well as improved cohesion of the grains, low water absorption, and consequently increasing the freezing resistance.
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| 2. |
- Bartosiewicz, László, et al.
(författare)
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The archbishop's dinner? Late medieval fish from Esztergom-Várhegy-Kőbánya, Hungary
- 2021
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 13:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fourteenth-fifteenth century food refuse from the kitchen of the Esztergom archbishopric shows a significant diachronic increase in cyprinid bones, in particular those of carp. Meanwhile, contributions by large acipenserids and carnivorous species (catfish/wels, pike, percids) declined. Contemporaneous account books indirectly suggest that the archbishop's kitchen must have increasingly relied on farmed carp fish. Sturgeons were a commodity sold by the archbishopric but rarely consumed. Expensive pikes were bought at low prices for the archbishop, possibly related to the small size of individuals found in the deposits. The poor representation of high-status fish is consonant with the scarcity of bones from large game in an assemblage dominated by domesticates. Wild game is represented by brown hare, partridge, and a variety of thrushes. These finds confirm that the foodways in the archbishop's palace were more modest than expected on the basis of its social status. Increasing contributions by cyprinids and sterlet to the assemblage also coincide with the high relative frequency of their recipes in a sixteenth century cookbook.
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| 3. |
- Blank, Malou, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Interdisciplinary analyses of the remains from three gallery graves at Kinnekulle: tracing Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age societies in inland Southwestern Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : SPRINGER HEIDELBERG. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 15:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we investigate the Scandinavian Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age of Kinnekulle in southwestern Sweden. The above-mentioned periods in the study area are poorly understood and the archaeological record consists of a few stray finds and a concentration of 20 gallery graves. This study focuses on three of the gallery graves where commingled skeletons from successive burials were recovered. The human remains and the artefacts from the graves were used for discussing individual life stories as well as living societies with the aim of gaining new knowledge of the last part of the Neolithic and the beginning of the Early Bronze Age in southwestern Sweden. We focused on questions concerning health and trauma, mobility and exchange networks, and diet and subsistence of the people using the graves. Chronological, bioarchaeological, and biomolecular aspects of the burials were approached through the application of archaeological and osteological studies, as well as stable isotope, strontium isotope, radiocarbon, and mtDNA analyses. The study provides evidence for high mobility and diverse diets, as well as inhumations primarily dated to the transition between the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. We suggest that the mountain plateau of Kinnekulle was mainly reserved for the dead, while the people lived in agriculture-based groups in the surrounding lower lying regions.
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| 4. |
- Blank, Malou, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Mobility patterns in inland southwestern Sweden during the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age
- 2021
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we investigate population dynamics in the Scandinavian Neolithic and Early Bronze Age in southwestern Sweden. Human mobility patterns in Falbygden were studied by applying strontium isotope analysis combined with archaeological and bioarchaeological data, including mtDNA and sex assessment on a large dataset encompassing 141 individuals from 21 megalithic graves. In combination with other archaeological and anthropological records, we investigated the temporal and spatial scale of individual movement, mobility patterns of specific categories of people and possible social drivers behind them. Our results of strontium and biomolecular analyses suggest that mobility increased in the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age compared to the earlier parts of the Neolithic. The data indicate individuals moving both into and away from Falbygden. Mobility patterns and contact networks also shift over time.
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| 5. |
- Blank, Malou, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Old bones or early graves? Megalithic burial sequences in southern Sweden based on 14C datings
- 2020
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 12, s. 1-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020, The Author(s). Megalithic tombs have since long been a focus of debate within the archaeological research field, not least regarding their emergence, use life and the various bursts of building activity in different regions and periods. The aim of this study is to investigate the temporal span of the main burial sequences in the conventional megalithic grave types of southern Sweden, with special focus on the less studied gallery graves. In Scandinavia, megalithic tombs are divided into three main types: dolmens, passage graves and gallery graves. Here, this prevailing typological seriation was tested. The study was based on 374 14C dates from unique individuals selected from 66 tombs. The form, layout and dating of the different types of tombs were studied in order to examine regional and chronological variation in the use of megaliths. By comparing sum plots, KDE models, individual 14C dates and typology of artefacts, the existing chronologies were evaluated. The 14C dates from dolmens and passage graves more or less agreed with the conventional chronology, while the presence of early skeletons in gallery graves was unexpected. The results indicate that megalithic graves appeared more or less simultaneously in southern Sweden and were first used around 3500–3300calBC. The dolmens and passage graves were used contemporaneously, although the proportion of early dates supports a slightly earlier start of the dolmens. Some of the gallery graves may also have been introduced at this time, although reburial of old bones cannot be ruled out.
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| 6. |
- Boethius, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry as a tool to study archaeological and modern human mobility through strontium isotope analyses of tooth enamel
- 2022
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 14:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate the possibility of obtaining detailed individual mobility data from archaeological teeth, the strontium isotope ratios on 28 human teeth from three separate Early-Mid Holocene, Swedish, foraging contexts (Norje Sunnansund, Skateholm and Västerbjers) were analysed through laser ablation. The teeth/individuals have previously been analysed using traditional bulk sampled thermal ionisation mass spectrometry. To validate the conclusions regarding the archaeological teeth, a tooth from a modern man with a known background was also analysed. The result shows that all of the teeth display less than 0.4% discrepancy between the mean values of the laser ablation profiles and the previously published bulk data and 25 (89%) of the teeth display less than a 0.2% discrepancy. By calculating linear and polynomial trendlines for each ablated tooth, it was possible to illustrate a strong correlation for the transition pattern between the measurements when following a chronological sequence from the tip to the cervix. Such correlations were not reproduced when the data sequence was randomized. The analyses show that the chronologically sequenced ablation data fit with a transition between local bioavailable strontium regions, that the measurements do not fluctuate between extremes and that their values are not caused by end-member mixing. This indicates an increasing data resolution when reducing strontium isotope ratio averaging time by minimizing the sampling area. The results suggest strontium incorporation in human teeth can be measured on an ordinal scale, with a traceable chronological order to enamel mineralization when sampled from tip to cervix at an equal distance from the surface. Micro-sampling enamel is considered a valid method to assess prehistoric, but not modern, human mobility; laser ablation technology increases the amount of information obtained from a single tooth while rendering minimal damage to the studied specimen.
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| 7. |
- Boethius, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Diachronic forager mobility : untangling the Stone Age movement patterns at the sites Norje Sunnansund, Skateholm and Västerbjers through strontium isotope ratio analysis by laser ablation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 14:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strontium isotope ratios in human teeth from the three Swedish prehistoric Stone Age hunter-fisher-gathering societies Norje Sunnansund (Maglemose), Skateholm (Ertebølle) and Västerbjers (Pitted Ware Culture) were analysed with laser ablation to produce data on both individual movement patterns and societal mobility trends. The analyses of teeth from both Skateholm and Västerbjers displayed homogeneous ratios and corresponding mobility patterns, while the data from Norje Sunnansund showed larger variances with heterogenous strontium ratios and varied inter-individual mobility patterns. Correlation with the bioavailable baseline suggests that the size of the geographical areas, where human strontium ratios could have originated, was roughly comparable for all three sites. The teeth measurements were reflected within a 50-km radius of the surrounding landscape and the 25–75% data quartile matched with distances between 3 and 30 km from the sites, suggesting limited mobility ranges among aquatically dependent foragers from southernmost Sweden. By applying ethnographic analogies and site-specific contextual inferences, the results suggest that mobility ranges at Norje Sunnansund were likely not delimited by neighbouring group territories. This changed over time and an increasing territorialisation of the landscape may have influenced movement patterns and caused restrictions to the foraging activities at both Skateholm and Västerbjers.
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| 8. |
- Bondetti, Manon, et al.
(författare)
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Neolithic farmers or Neolithic foragers? : Organic residue analysis of early pottery from Rakushechny Yar on the Lower Don (Russia)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9565 .- 1866-9557. ; 13:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emergence of pottery in Europe is associated with two distinct traditions: hunter-gatherers in the east of the continent during the early 6th millennium BC and early agricultural communities in the south-west in the late 7th millennium BC. Here we investigate the function of pottery from the site of Rakushechny Yar, located at the Southern fringe of Eastern Europe, in this putative contact zone between these two economic ‘worlds’. To investigate, organic residue analysis was conducted on 120 samples from the Early Neolithic phase (ca. mid-6th millennium BC) along with microscopic and SEM analysis of associated foodcrusts. The results showed that the earliest phase of pottery use was predominantly used to process riverine resources. Many of the vessels have molecular and isotopic characteristics consistent with migratory fish, such as sturgeon, confirmed by the identification of sturgeon bony structures embedded in the charred surface deposits. There was no evidence of dairy products in any of the vessels, despite the fact these have been routinely identified in coeval sites to the south. Further analysis of some of the mammalian bones using ZooMS failed to demonstrate that domesticated animals were present in the Early Neolithic. Nevertheless, we argue that intensive exploitation of seasonally migratory fish, accompanied by large-scale pottery production, created storable surpluses that led to similar socio-economic outcomes as documented in early agricultural societies.
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| 9. |
- Buckland, Paul C., et al.
(författare)
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Caught in a trap : landscape and climate implications of the insect fauna from a Roman well in Sherwood Forest
- 2018
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 10:1, s. 125-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sherwood Forest in Nottinghamshire is often considered a well preserved ancient landscape, subsequently having survived by way of centuries of management as a hunting preserve. Archaeological evidence suggests otherwise, with an enclosed landscape beginning in the pre-Roman Iron Age and continuing through the Romanperiod. Due to the nature of the region's soils, however, there is little empirical, palaeoecological evidence on its environmental history prior to the medieval period. This paper presents an insect fauna from a Roman well in a small enclosure in north Nottinghamshire, on the edge of Sherwood Forest, and its interpretation in terms of contemporary land use. Wells and small pools act as large pitfall traps and mayeffectively sample aspects of the local and regional insect fauna. The Wild Goose Cottage fauna and its environmental implications are also compared with a number of archaeologically and geographically similar contexts.
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| 10. |
- Budd, Chelsea, et al.
(författare)
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Continuation of fishing subsistence in the Ukrainian Neolithic : diet isotope studies at Yasinovatka, Dnieper Rapids
- 2020
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 12:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Yasinovatka is one of around 30 number of prehistoric cemetery sites of hunter-fisher-foragers located along the Dnieper River in southern Ukraine. Dating to c. 5540 - 4930 cal BC, the skeletal remains at Yasinovatka suggest that around sixty-eight individuals were interred at the cemetery, during three broad phases of interment: A-type burials (c. 5540-4930 cal BC), Ƃ1 pit burials (c. 5550-4750 cal BC), and Ƃ2 pit burials (c. 4980-4460 cal BC). The burials are characterized, in part, by the inclusion of a number of Mariupol-type plates of boar tusk, in addition to deer tooth pendants, Unio shells, knife-like flint blades, Cyprinidae teeth, sherds of Neolithic pottery, and significant deposits of ochre in the later burial pits. Here we analyse δ13C and δ15N values for 50 human bone collagen samples from the site. The majority of the isotope results show a hunter-fisher-forager population reliant predominantly on freshwater aquatic proteins, which is in keeping with previous dietary isotope studies in the area. Two individuals however have δ15N values that are clearly depleted when compared to the main population; these reflect dietary protein intakes based on plant and animal terrestrial resources rather than the predominant focus on aquatic resources. Notably, the δ13C values of these anomalous individuals are not enriched compared to the fauna samples analysed from the region; this supports the possibility that they were incomers to the area, potentially from a nearby agrarian population.
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| 11. |
- Bäckström, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating isotopes and documentary evidence : dietary patterns in a late medieval and early modern mining community, Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : SPRINGER HEIDELBERG. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 10:8, s. 2075-2094
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores the relationship between dietary patterns and social structure in a pre-industrial mining community in Salberget, Sweden c. 1470 to 1600A.D. using a combination of different research approaches and tools, including archaeology, osteology, bone chemistry and history. The correlation between demographic criteria (sex and age) and archaeological variables (burial type and burial location) shows that Salberget was a highly stratified community. Group diets were investigated through analyses of stable isotopes (carbon, C-13, and nitrogen, N-15) of bone collagen from a sub-sample of individuals buried at the site (n=67), interpreted alongside data from human dental lesions and deficiencies, animal bone waste and information on eating habits extracted from the extensive historical documents regarding mining activities at Salberget. These integrated analyses provide a clear association between social status and diet and confirm that social status, and to a lesser extent sex, gender and age, likely governed food choice and opportunity in this diverse community.
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| 12. |
- Cubas, Miriam, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term dietary change in Atlantic and Mediterranean Iberia with the introduction of agriculture : a stable isotope perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 11:8, s. 3825-3836
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Neolithic expansion in the Iberian Peninsula is marked by the introduction of livestock and domesticated crops which modified subsistence strategies in an unprecedented manner. Bulk collagen stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis has been essential to track these changes, which have largely been discussed in relation to particular geographic areas or single case studies. This paper reviews the available isotope literature to provide a regional, long-term synthesis of dietary changes associated with the expansion of the Neolithic and the establishment of farming economy in the Iberian Peninsula. Bulk collagen stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values of 763 human individuals and 283 faunal remains from the Mesolithic to the Late Neolithic period in Iberia (ca. 8000–3000 cal BC) were collated and analysed using a Bayesian mixing model. The results show that Mesolithic diets were isotopically diverse in both the Atlantic and Mediterranean regions of the Iberian Peninsula, and that a significant decrease in variability happened with the Neolithisation, culminating with the establishment of farming economies and reliance on terrestrial resources in the Late Neolithic.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Drtikolová Kaupová, Sylva, et al.
(författare)
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The diet of settled Neolithic farmers of east-central Europe : isotopic and dental microwear evidence
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 15:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study reconstructs Middle and Late Neolithic dietary practices in the area of the today Czech Republic and Lower Austria with a help of complementary evidence of stable isotope and dental microwear analysis. From a total of 171 humans, carbon and nitrogen isotopic values were measured in bone collagen of 146 individuals (accompanied by 64 animals) while 113 individuals were included into buccal dental microwear analysis. The samples were divided into two newly established chronological phases: Neolithic B (4900–4000 BC) and Neolithic C (3800–3400 BC) based on radiocarbon data modelling. Isotopic results show that the Neolithic diet was of terrestrial origin with a dominant plant component. A small but statistically significant shift in human carbon isotopic values to a higher δ13C was observed during the Neolithic C, probably reflecting an underlying change in plant growing conditions. Dental microwear results suggest a shift in adult diet and/or food preparation techniques between the Neolithic B and C, which, however, was not reflected in either the carbon or nitrogen isotopic values. The positive correlations between nitrogen isotopic values and the dental microwear variables (NV, XV, XT and NV/NT) observed in the adult sample suggest that meat rather than milk was the dominant source of animal protein, or that food enriched in 15N was processed specifically. Also, as both methods offer a snapshot of different periods of an individual’s life, the presence of a significant correlation may imply highly repetitive dietary behaviour during their lifetime.
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| 15. |
- Drucker, Dorothée G., et al.
(författare)
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Post-glacial human subsistence and settlement patterns : insights from bones
- 2022
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 14:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is an introduction to the topical collection dealing with the Post-glacial human subsistence and settlement patterns: insights from bones. The context of the Lateglacial and Early Holocene (ca. 16,000–6000 cal BP) in Europe offers the possibility to examine the response of terrestrial ecosystems to dramatic climatic changes and the evolution of subsistence among hunter-gatherers facing phases of environmental instabilities. The contributors of this special issue developed and applied diverse approaches to provide regional and chronological elements to the knowledge of the available biotopes and their exploitation by human populations over the Lateglacial and Early Holocene in Europe. Their studies provide local information on animal recolonization of septentrional areas in Europe, change in habitat of large games, and human dietary adaptation to new biotopes.
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| 16. |
- Grabowski, Radoslaw, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Functional interpretation of Iron Age longhouses at Gedved Vest, East Jutland, Denmark : multiproxy analysis of house functionality as a way of evaluating carbonised botanical assemblages
- 2014
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Science. - Berlin : Springer. - 1866-9565 .- 1866-9557. ; 6:4, s. 329-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to describe a methodology for defining functional spaces within south Scandinavian Iron Age longhouses using a multiproxy application of archaeobotanical (carbonised plant macrofossil), geochemical (phosphate, loss on ignition) and geophysical (magnetic susceptibility) analyses. The applicability of the methods is illustrated by two case studies from the site of Gedved Vest, eastern Jutland, Denmark. The approach is described and evaluated from an archaeobotanical perspective, discussing its possible implications for interpretation of carbonised plant assemblages from Iron Age settlement contexts. Possible implications to archaeology beyond the scope of archaeobotany are also discussed
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| 17. |
- Hristova, Ivanka, et al.
(författare)
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Plant economy and vegetation of the Iron Age in Bulgaria : archaeobotanical evidence from pit deposits
- 2017
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 9:7, s. 1481-1494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Major social and economical changes occurred in human societies during the Iron Age of Southeastern Europe: increasing structuring of societies, intensifying production and metal technologies and the establishment of a market economy. However, the related plant economy of the region is still poorly studied and understood. The Iron Age ‘pit field sites’ (groups of pits distributed over a certain area) in south-eastern Bulgaria were recently intensively excavated, and their study provides rich archaeobotanical assemblages, which are used for filling this gap in our knowledge. The current study presents the archaeobotanical information from 196 flotation samples from 50 Iron Age pits. The results show a wide range of annual crops, the most important of which seem to be hulled wheats (mainly einkorn), barley and also millet. A variety of pulses and fruits is retrieved, each in small quantities. Some species like Olea europaea and Cucumis melo are an indication for contacts with adjacent regions (especially the Mediterranean area). The archaeobotanical assemblages also documented the environment and land use, revealing the exploitation of a variety of habitats like cropland, open grassland, shrub land and wetland. The archaeobotanical analyses of the Iron Age pit fields show that this type of structures can be an important source of information on the Iron Age plant economy in the region.
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| 18. |
- Inskip, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Diet and food strategies in a southern al-Andalusian urban environment during Caliphal period, ecija, Sevilla
- 2019
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 11:8, s. 3857-3874
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Iberian medieval period is unique in European history due to the widespread socio-cultural changes that took place after the arrival of Arabs, Berbers and Islam in 711 AD. Recently, isotopic research has been insightful on dietary shifts, status, resource availability and the impact of environment. However, there is no published isotopic research exploring these factors in southern Iberian populations, and as the history of this area differs to the northern regions, this leaves a significant lacuna in our knowledge. This research fills this gap via isotopic analysis of human (n = 66) and faunal (n = 13) samples from the 9th to the 13th century ecija, a town renowned for high temperatures and salinity. Stable carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15) isotopes were assessed from rib collagen, while carbon (delta C-13) values were derived from enamel apatite. Human diet is consistent with C-3 plant consumption with a very minor contribution of C-4 plants, an interesting feature considering the suitability of ecija to C-4 cereal production. delta N-15 values vary among adults, which may suggest variable animal protein consumption or isotopic variation within animal species due to differences in foddering. Consideration of delta C-13 collagen and apatite values together may indicate sugarcane consumption, while moderate delta N-15 values do not suggest a strong aridity or salinity effect. Comparison with other Iberian groups shows similarities relating to time and location rather than by religion, although more multi-isotopic studies combined with zooarchaeology and botany may reveal subtle differences unobservable in carbon and nitrogen collagen studies alone.
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| 19. |
- Landeschi, Giacomo, et al.
(författare)
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Re-enacting the sequence : combined digital methods to study a prehistoric cave
- 2019
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 11:6, s. 2805-2819
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This contribution seeks to demonstrate how recently developed 3D GIS platforms can help archeologists in relating to the original context legacy data that can be employed to digitally reconstruct the sequence of arbitrary layers as it was observed and then excavated in the end of the nineteenth century. This research has been conducted on the prehistoric cave of Stora Forvar, located on the small island of Stora Karlso, in South-Eastern Sweden. As a part of a research project titled The pioneer settlements of Gotland, this line of enquiry has sought to combine 3D-based digital acquisition techniques, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), and old archival material (hand-made drawings, artifacts lists, historical pictures) in order to virtually reconstruct the original sequence as it was excavated through the method of arbitrary layers. At a later stage, the reconstructed sequence has been employed to re-contextualize and analyze the distribution of artifacts so as to detect any possible pattern that could have been useful for defining the chronological boundaries of the Mesolithic phase of habitation of the cave. In brief, three main objectives can be defined: (a) to re-create a spatial connection between the artifacts retrieved at the time of the excavation and the sequence of layers, (b) to define density maps showing the relationship between volumes of layers and categories of artifacts belonging to the sequence, and (c) to further our knowledge about the Mesolithic habitation of the cave, not only vertically (chronologically) but also horizontally.
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| 20. |
- Larsson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Botanical evidence of malt for beer production in fifth–seventh Century Uppåkra, Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9565 .- 1866-9557. ; 11:5, s. 1961-1972
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The excavation of a low-temperature kiln structure at an affluent Iron Age regional center, Uppåkra, located in southern Sweden, revealed from archeobotanical samples and its context evidence of malting in the process to make beer. Carbonized germinated hulled barley grain (Hordeum vulgare) was recovered from the kiln structure itself and from the surrounding occupationalsurface. Located somewhat from the central area of the site, where previous excavations have uncovered hall-buildings, a ceremonial structure, and several smaller houses, the investigated kiln was situated in an area on the site that is absent of remains to indicate a living quarter. Activities using kilns have instead primarily been linked to this area and archeological finds are mainly of charred crops remains. In this paper, we argue that the germination of grain was deliberate and that the kiln was used to stop the germination process by drying or roasting the grain. If the malting process for large-scale beer production was carried out at a designated area of the site is discussed, as well as if this activity area was part of a structural organization observed elsewhere on the settlement.
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| 21. |
- Lemos, Rennan, et al.
(författare)
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Reshaping Egyptian funerary ritual in colonized Nubia? : Organic characterization of unguents from mortuary contexts of the New Kingdom (c. 1550-1070 BCE)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Nature. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 15:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Samples taken from the canopic jars of Djehutyhotep, chief of Tehkhet (Debeira), Lower Nubia, and local versions of Egyptian canopic jars from Sai, Upper Nubia, suggest that the materials used for mortuary ritual unguents in Nubia may have differed from those used in Egypt. Nubian samples consisted of plant gum and bitumen, whereas those from Egypt conformed to the standardizing black resinous liquid recipe used for mummification and other funerary rituals. However, there may be time frame issues to be considered as most samples analyzed from Egypt date to later periods. A standard black funerary liquid was used at Amara West, Upper Nubia, probably poured over a wrapped body, which might suggest that the gum and bitumen mixture was reserved for filling canopic jars, perhaps indicating that the use of canopic jars in Nubia differed from their use in Egypt. Evidence from the canopic jars of Djehutyhotep, local versions of canopic jars from Sai, and the sample from Amara West also indicate a source of bitumen that was not the Dead Sea, which was the main (although not only) source used in Egypt. The new results from the analysis of the Djehutyhotep canopic jars and previously published results from Sai point towards alternative ritual practices associated with local conceptions and uses of canopic jars in colonized Nubia. These samples and data from Amara West further reveal that the bitumen used in mortuary contexts in Nubia originated elsewhere than bitumen used in Egypt, which might have implications for our understanding of colonized Nubia as part of other trade networks independently from Egypt.
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| 22. |
- Lindahl, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Ceramics and change. An overview of pottery production
- 2010
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9565 .- 1866-9557. ; 2:3, s. 133-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In southern African Iron Age studies, there are few attempts to systematically apply and include laboratory analyses when studying archaeological ceramic materials. As demonstrated in this paper, such analyses help to understand technological aspects such as raw materials, manufacturing techniques and vessel function. Combined with vessel shape and decoration as well as ethnographic studies the results provide new ways to understand local and regional distribution networks of the ceramics craft. Furthermore, laboratory analyses are most useful when studying continuity and changes in the ceramics handicraft over time, which has implications both on cultural and social change as seen in the shift in ceramic production techniques. We use examples from Zimbabwe and South Africa to illustrate these changes, and discuss them in a broader social and technological context in Iron Age southern Africa.
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| 23. |
- López-Costas, Olalla, et al.
(författare)
-
Boom and bust at a medieval fishing port : dietary preferences of fishers and artisan families from Pontevedra (Galicia, NW Spain) during the Late Medieval and Early Modern Period
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 11:8, s. 3717-3731
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we present an investigation of dietary habits in a town whose history is strongly connected to a single food product: fish. Pontevedra (Galicia, Spain) controlled a big part of fish commerce in the Iberian Peninsula during the Late Medieval period, only losing its position with the beginning of modern era. Burials from the churches of Santa Maria (thirteenth to seventeenth centuries AD), the necropolis of fishers, and San Bartolome (thirteenth to fifteenth centuries AD), with a parish mostly made up of craftspeople, were studied to address questions of diet and subsistence practices. A total of 89 samples, including 63 humans, 18 terrestrial and 8 marine animals, were analysed for isotopic composition of bone collagen (delta C-13 and delta N-15). The results show that domestic herbivores were fed a fodder almost exclusively based on C-3 plants, while dogs and a cat consumed significant quantities of fish. Humans ate a similar, mixed terrestrial/marine diet, but probably also with an important contribution from C-4 plants, most likely millet, or, from c. AD 1600 onwards, maize. Fishermen and their families buried at Santa Maria could have had preferential access to exported target sea products enriched in N-15 (salted sardine, conger eel, hake and octopus), while other marine products may have been more common on the rest of the town's tables. The decline in fishing activity in the sixteenth-seventeenth centuries appears to have been accompanied by a diversification of diet. The dietary habits of the middle-class urban inhabitants of Pontevedra are closely connected to its economic history and environmental changes.
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| 24. |
- Mangas-Carrasco, Elvira, et al.
(författare)
-
Porotic hyperostosis, cribra orbitalia, femoralis and humeralis in Medieval NW Spain
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 13:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis are amongst of the most commonly palaeopathological features recorded in archaeological individuals and are useful to test the general health status in ancient human population, particularly in non-adults (infants, children and adolescents). Despite of the relatively large amount of debate papers about this topic, their aetiology is still under debate and their recording is not standardised. In contrast, postcranial cribrae (femoralis and humeralis) are infrequently addressed. This paper aims to analyse cranial and postcranial porotic lesions, and their relationship with living conditions and dietary patterns, in all available Medieval collections from NW Spain (Pontevedra necropoleis, Adro Vello and Capela do Pilar). Presence/absence, severity, healing grade and co-occurrence of lesions were recorded, and a new photographic scale to determine the severity and healing degrees in postcranial cribrae is advocated as well. Cribra orbitalia (78%) and cribra femoralis (70%) are the most frequent lesions, with porotic hyperostosis (42%) and cribra humeralis less common (38%). Adults display higher grades of severity in cribra orbitalia than non-adults. A healing age pattern was documented in all lesions. No obvious trend/pattern with δ13C and δ15N—used as proxies for diet—was observed. High rates of porotic lesions in NW Spain have been attributed to interactions between several phenomena, as a multifactorial response to a possible dietary influence from high consumption of marine resources and/or infection by fish parasites. Our results highlight the importance of registering postcranial porotic lesions and healing degrees along with diet. In addition, photographic scales are useful to guide and standardise the recording process.
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| 25. |
- Neiß (Neiss), Michael, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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New applications of 3D modeling in artefact analysis : three case studies in Viking Age brooches
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - Springer : Berlin. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 8:4, s. 651-662
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning is a nondestructive and versatile technique that provides archaeologists with 3D models of archaeological and ethnographic objects. We have previously shown that 3D models facilitate shape analysis of archaeological bones and stone tools, due to the high measurement accuracy inherent in the latest generation of 3D laser scanners. Here, we explore the utility of 3D modeling as a tool for analyzing Viking Age metal artefacts with complex morphologies. Four highly ornate Viking Age brooches from Scandinavia and Russia were digitized with a portable laser scanner, and the resulting 3D models were used in three case studies of (a) artefact reconstruction, (b) tool mark analysis, and (c) motif documentation. The results revealed both strengths and limitations of the employed techniques. 3D modeling proved to be very well suited for artefact reconstruction and was helpful also in the stylistic and motif analysis. The tool mark analysis was only partially successful, due to the resolution limits of the laser scanner used. 3D-based motif analysis of a grandiose Scandinavian-style brooch from Yelets, Russia, identified an anthropomorphic figure with a bird-like body that previously has been overlooked. This figure may be a Rurikid coat of arms, possibly linking the object to a princely household and providing further evidence for a connection between Scandinavia and the Rurikids. As 3D technology keeps improving, we expect that additional applications for 3D modeling in archaeology will be developed, likely leading to many new findings when old objects are re-analyzed with modern techniques. However, our results indicate that 3D modeling cannot completely replace traditional artefact analysis—instead, we argue that the two approaches are best used in combination.
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| 26. |
- Oudbashi, Omid, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Arsenical copper and bronze metallurgy during Late Bronze Age of north-eastern Iran: evidences from Shahrak-e Firouzeh archaeological site
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 12:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the importance of copper-base metallurgy during Iran’s Bronze Age, limited systematic scientific data exist on the alloying patterns and processes of the period. While it seems that tin bronze metallurgy existed in the Early Bronze Age in western Iran and it was widespread through the Middle and Late Bronze Age, tin bronze technology was less common in eastern Iranian Plateau during Bronze Age. In this paper, a multianalytical study has been undertaken on a series of copper alloy objects excavated from the Late Bronze Age site of Shahrak-e Firouzeh, Neyshabur, located in north-eastern Iran. The study was performed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), as well as optical microscopy (metallography) methods. Results revealed that the prevalent copper-base metallurgy in the site was unalloyed and arsenical copper in general, with objects manufactured by a partially simple procedure, including cold working and annealing (not enough to remove the original coring occurred during solidification of the metallic ingots or pieces). These findings, coupled with comparative and descriptive interpretations, also showed that while tin bronze was made in Early Bronze Age of western Iran, arsenical copper was the main metallic material used in other parts of the country, in central and eastern Iran in particular.
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| 27. |
- Oudbashi, Omid, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Coins from Qasr-e Abu Nasr: archaeometallurgical and numismatic studies on pre-Islamic and Islamic coins excavated in South-Central Iran
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A group of coins excavated at Qasr-e Abu Nasr, Shiraz, in south-central Iran, now in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, was studied and analyzed to examine the minting processes and to reconsider the numismatic history of the site. For this purpose, forty-three gold-, silver-, and copper-based coins were studied and analyzed by micro-X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and metallographic techniques. The results of the analyses showed a wide range of alloy compositions. The gold coins are comprised of impure gold and electrum, while the silver coins are made of either near pure silver or debased silver copper. The copper-based coins are struck from a range of alloys, namely impure copper, tin bronze, leaded copper, and high-leaded tin bronze, closely correlated to the date and place of minting. The results of this interdisciplinary study provide new insights into the archaeology of Qasr-e Abu Nasr, as well as present new information about the history of minting on the Iranian Plateau.
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| 28. |
- Oudbashi, Omid, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Iron Age tin bronze metallurgy at Marlik, Northern Iran: an analytical investigation
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 9, s. 233-249
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The archaeological excavations performed in 1961 and 1962 at the necropolis of Marlik (Gilan District, northern Iran) revealed important archaeological remains dating to Iron Age I and II periods (late second/early first millennium BCE). While the metal collection from Marlik includes various gold, silver and bronze objects and is considered one of the most significant finds of metal objects from the prehistoric Iran, the technological investigations discussed in this paper provide information on tin bronze objects only from Marlik. Both the composition and the microstructure of 25 copper alloy objects have been determined in order to achieve a better understanding of the metallurgical processes used in northern Iran from the second to the first millennium BCE. Experimental analyses were carried out using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and optical microscopy. The results demonstrated that the copper-base objects were made of the binary copper–tin alloy with variable tin contents. Other elements such as As, Ni, Pb, Zn and Sb were detected in minor/trace amounts. Variable tin content may be due to the application of an uncontrolled procedure to produce bronze alloy (e.g. co-smelting or cementation). Microscopic observations and microanalyses revealed the presence of numerous copper sulphide inclusions, lead globules and intermetallic phases scattered in the bronze solid solution. The microstructures seen in the bronze objects under study were varied and included worked/annealed or dendritic grain structures.
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| 29. |
- Oudbashi, Omid, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Lead isotope analysis of Bronze Age copper alloy objects from Deh Dumen graveyard, southwestern Iran
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research presents the lead isotopic composition of ten objects made of copper-tin alloy or arsenical copper that was recovered at the Bronze Age cemetery at Deh Dumen (southwestern Iran). Grave goods associated with different cultures in eastern Iran, Susa, or Luristan were identified at the site, and lead isotopic analyses were conducted to identify the copper sources used for the production of copper alloy objects found in multiple tombs. Comparison with data for ore sources shows that some of the objects have a signature that is compatible with that of the Iranian sources located in the Urumieh-Dokhtar and the Sanandaj-Sirjan. It also shows that three objects are compatible with the signature of objects found in the Gujarat and ore sources in the Aravalli-Delhi Belt deposits (Rajasthan and Gujarat) in India, demonstrating long-distance exchange between southwestern Iran and the Indus valley.
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| 30. |
- Oudbashi, Omid, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Lead isotope analysis of tin bronze objects from the Iron Age site at Baba Jilan, Luristan, western Iran
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the lead isotopic composition of 15 tin bronze objects recovered at Baba Jilan, an Iron Age cemetery located in northern Luristan. The results are compared with data available for copper ore sources, copper-based objects, and slags from across Iran. These data show that the objects have a lead isotopic composition that is compatible with multiple copper sources in Iran, primarily from the Urumieh-Dokhtar and the Sanandaj-Sirjan zones, where ancient mining activities have been identified, and that were previously suggested as sources for the production of metals recovered at other sites on the Iranian Plateau.
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| 31. |
- Oudbashi, Omid, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
The Elamite metalworkers: multianalytical study on copper objects and ingots from second millennium BC of southwestern Iran
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 11:5, s. 2059-2072
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An analytical study was performed on copper alloy objects and ingots/prills from Haft Tappeh Middle Elamite site, southwestern Iran, fourteenth century BC. The samples were analysed by micro-PIXE and SEM-EDS methods to characterise chemical composition and different phases in their microstructure. The results showed that the main objects’ compositions are copper with impurities and variable-Sn containing tin bronze. Furthermore, most of the ingots/prills are composed of copper with high concentration of iron and sulphur while in two samples tin bronze ingot/prill is detected. Based on the results, the main metallurgical operation in Haft Tappeh may be matte production to make metallic copper and producing tin bronze alloy probably by cementation.
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| 32. |
- Pérez-Ramallo, Patxi, et al.
(författare)
-
Multi-isotopic study of the earliest mediaeval inhabitants of Santiago de Compostela (Galicia, Spain)
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 14:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Santiago de Compostela is, together with Rome and Jerusalem, one of the three main pilgrimage and religious centres for Catholicism. The belief that the remains of St James the Great, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ, is buried there has stimulated, since their reported discovery in the 9th century AD, a significant flow of people from across the European continent and beyond. Little is known about the practical experiences of people living within the city during its rise to prominence, however. Here, for the first time, we combine multi-isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N, δ18Oap, δ13Cap and 87Sr/86Sr) and radiocarbon dating (14C) of human remains discovered at the crypt of the Cathedral of Santiago to directly study changes in diet and mobility during the first three centuries of Santiago’s emergence as an urban centre (9th–12th centuries AD). Together with assessment of the existing archaeological data, our radiocarbon chronology broadly confirms historical tradition regarding the first occupation of the site. Isotopic analyses reveal that the foundation of the religious site attracted migrants from the wider region of the northwest corner of the Iberian Peninsula, and possibly from further afield. Stable isotope analysis of collagen, together with information on tomb typology and location, indicates that the inhabitants of the city experienced increasing socioeconomic diversity as it became wealthier as the hub of a wide network of pilgrimage. Our research represents the potential of multidisciplinary analyses to reveal insights into the origins and impacts of the emergence of early pilgrimage centres on the diets and status of communities within Christian mediaeval Europe and beyond.
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| 33. |
- Pickard, Catriona, et al.
(författare)
-
Animal keeping in Chalcolithic north-central Anatolia : what can stable isotope analysis add?
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 9:7, s. 1349-1362
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stable isotope analysis is an essential investigativetechnique, complementary to more traditional zooarchaeologicalapproaches to elucidating animal keeping practices. Carbon(δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope values of 132 domesticates(cattle, caprines and pigs) were evaluated to investigateone aspect of animal keeping, animal forage, at the LateChalcolithic (mid-fourth millennium BC) site of ÇamlıbelTarlası, which is located in north-central Anatolia. The analysesindicated that all of the domesticates had diets based predominantlyon C3 plants. Pig and caprine δ13C and δ15N values werefound to be statistically indistinguishable. However, cattle exhibiteddistinctive stable isotope values and, therefore, differences indiet from both pigs and caprines at Çamlıbel Tarlası. This differencemay relate to the distinct patterns of foraging behaviourexhibited by the domesticates. Alternatively, this diversity mayresult from the use of different grazing areas or from thefoddering practices of the Çamlıbel Tarlası inhabitants.
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| 34. |
- Piličiauskas, Gytis, et al.
(författare)
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Strontium isotope analysis reveals prehistoric mobility patterns in the southeastern Baltic area
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 14:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We measured 87Sr/86Sr for all available human remains (n = 40) dating from the Mesolithic to the Bronze Age (ca. 6400–800 cal BC) in Lithuania. In addition, local baselines of archaeological fauna from the same area were constructed. We identified significant and systematic offsets between 87Sr/86Sr values of modern soils and animals and archaeological animals due to currently unknown reasons. By comparing 87Sr/86Sr human intra-tooth variation with the local baselines, we identified 13 non-local individuals, accounting for 25–50% of the analysed population. We found no differences in the frequency of local vs. nonlocals between male and female hunter-gatherers. Six Mesolithic-Subneolithic individuals with 87Sr/86Sr values > 0.7200 may have come from southern Finland and/or Karelia. Two Mesolithic-Subneolithic individuals from the Donkalnis cemetery with 87Sr/86Sr values < 0.7120 likely came from the Lithuanian Baltic coast. These data demonstrate coastal-inland mobility of up to 85 km, which is also supported by archaeological evidence. The standard deviation in the intra-tooth 87Sr/86Sr indicates that mobility did not decrease with the adoption of pottery technology at ca. 5000 cal BC but rather slowly decreased during the Neolithic and Bronze Age periods. We interpret this as a result of the introduction and subsequent intensification of farming. The least mobile way of life was practised by Subneolithic coastal communities during the 4th millennium cal BC, although 87Sr/86Sr do not exclude that they migrated along the coastline.
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| 35. |
- Rissech, Carme, et al.
(författare)
-
Skeletal remains of human perinatal individuals from the fortified Iberian Period settlement of Ca n’Oliver (6th century to 50 years BCE)
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 15:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Burial customs in the Iberian Period (Iron Age II) included cremation. Only perinatal and newborn infants were buried directly beneath floor settlement. These infants represent the very few unburned human remains recovered from Iberian sites. The interpretation of these infant burials is in debate, focusing on whether they are unnatural or natural deaths. Our aim is to infer mortality patterns and developmental conditions of these individuals, in order to respond if infanticide was present in these assemblages. A large perinatal human skeletal sample from the Ca n’Oliver site (sixth century to 50 years BCE) from the Iberian Period of the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula was analysed, combining osteological methods together with tooth histology and aDNA analysis. Combining osteological and odontological estimates indicated ages between 22 and 42 weeks of gestation for 47 out of a total of 48 individuals. The remaining individual died at about 6 months after birth. Tooth height and enamel histology indicated in 9 out of a subgroup of 13 individuals a low probability of live birth. The remaining 4 individuals possibly survived birth for less than 2 months. According to morphological and molecular results, the sex ratio of this sample is approximately 1:1 male to female. The mortality distribution is consistent with natural mortality. These perinatal deaths were probably spontaneous abortions and neonatal deaths, reflecting an endogenous mortality profile due to genetic and maternal influences. The present study will serve to broaden our knowledge on perinatal individuals of the Iberian Period.
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| 36. |
- Sabatini, Serena, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Approaching sheep herds origins and the emergence of the wool economy in continental Europe during the Bronze Age
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 11:9, s. 4909-4925
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019, The Author(s). In recent years, extensive archaeological studies have provided us with new knowledge on wool and woollen textile production in continental Europe during the Bronze Age. Concentrations of large numbers of textile tools, and of zooarchaeological evidence suggesting intense sheepherding, hint at specialized centres of wool production during the Bronze Age. The aim of this paper is to discuss whether engagement with this economic activity was facilitated by the introduction of new foreign sheep types, possibly from the Eastern Mediterranean, where well-established wool economies existed, or by using local sheep, or a mixture of local and non-local types. A small-scale genetic pilot study, presented in this paper, primarily aimed at testing the DNA preservation, and thus the genomic potential in Bronze Age sheep remains provides evidence of both mitochondrial haplogroups A and B among Bronze Age sheep in Hungary. This result could hint at sheep herds with mixed origin but further in-depth studies are necessary to address this. We aim to promote scholarly interest in the issue and propose new directions for research on this topic.
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| 37. |
- Sabatini, Serena, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Approaching sheep herds origins and the emergence of the wooleconomy in continental Europe during the Bronze Age
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 11:9, s. 4909-4925
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, extensive archaeological studies have provided uswith new knowledge on wool and woollen textile production incontinental Europe during the Bronze Age. Concentrations of large numbers of textile tools, and of zooarchaeological evidencesuggesting intense sheepherding, hint at specialized centres of wool production during the Bronze Age. The aimof this paper is todiscuss whether engagement with this economic activity was facilitated by the introduction of new foreign sheep types, possiblyfrom the Eastern Mediterranean, where well-established wool economies existed, or by using local sheep, or a mixture of localand non-local types. A small-scale genetic pilot study, presented in this paper, primarily aimed at testing the DNA preservation,and thus the genomic potential in Bronze Age sheep remains provides evidence of both mitochondrial haplogroups A and Bamong Bronze Age sheep in Hungary. This result could hint at sheep herds with mixed origin but further in-depth studies arenecessary to address this.We aim to promote scholarly interest in the issue and propose new directions for research on this topic.
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| 38. |
- Sarkic, Natasa, et al.
(författare)
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Eating in silence : isotopic approaches to nuns' diet at the convent of Santa Catalina de Siena (Belmonte, Spain) from the sixteenth to the twentieth century
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 11:8, s. 3895-3911
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advances in geochemical and physical anthropological studies have provided new tools to reconstruct ancient lifestyles, especially of those minorities not commonly mentioned in historical texts. In comparison to males, little is known about everyday life in female monastic communities, and how it has changed over time. In this paper, we present a paleodietary (delta C-13 and delta N-15 in bone collagen) study of human (n = 58) and animal (n = 13) remains recovered from the former Convent of Santa Catalina de Siena in Belmonte (Cuenca, central Spain). Two funerary areas used by Dominican nuns were sampled: one dated to the sixteenth (n = 34) and the seventeenth (n = 15) centuries, and the other dated in the nineteenth and twentieth (n = 9) centuries. The isotopic values for sheep (n = 7) suggest the animals consumed at the convent came from diverse ecosystems or were raised under a range of management strategies. The human samples reflect a terrestrial diet, and those from the nineteenth to twentieth century, in some cases, reveal the presence of C-4 plants (millet, corn or sugar cane). Due to their religious practice, the consumption of terrestrial animal protein was restricted, and although they were allowed to eat fish, the isotopic signatures show little evidence of this. The individuals from the sixteenth and seventeenth century show a continuous shift in delta N-15 (9.7-12.7 parts per thousand), with few significant differences in relation to the period, age, or pathologies (osteoporosis, periostitis, and brucellosis). The nineteenth- to twentieth-century samples can be divided into two groups: (a) one that fits the trend of previous centuries, albeit with a higher delta N-15, possibly related to extensive access to animal protein; and (b) a second group with elevated delta C-13 values (up to - 15.7 parts per thousand). Different customs in the assumed homogeneous monastic life are discussed as possible sources of isotopic variation, including access to luxury products such as animal protein or sugar, or the practice of periods of food abstinence, which were especially popular with these communities, according to historical records.
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| 39. |
- Simčenka, Edvardas, et al.
(författare)
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Isotopic dietary patterns of monks : results from stable isotope analyses of a seventeenth-eighteenth century Basilian monastic community in Vilnius, Lithuania
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 12:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the research focuses on reconstructing diet of the seventeenth-eighteenth century Basilian monks who were buried in the crypt beneath the Holy Trinity Uniate Church in Vilnius, Lithuania. For this aim, stable carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15) isotope analyses of human bone collagen samples (n = 74, of which 39 yielded reliable isotopic data) were performed. In order to establish the isotopic dietary baseline for the Basilian monks, we sampled faunal bones (n = 47, of which 34 yielded reliable isotopic data) recovered during archaeological investigations in the area around the Vilnius Lower Castle and the Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania. Faunal samples were comprised of various domestic and wild terrestrial animals, freshwater and anadromous fish, and migratory and non-migratory birds. In total, 121 human and faunal samples were analysed. The isotopic data collected in our study suggest that C-3 plant and domestic animal products were the main components in the diets of the Basilian monks, while freshwater fish played a noticeable, yet a much smaller dietary role. However, historical sources describe a reverse dietary picture, i.e. a higher dietary contribution from fish and a lower from animal products. The potential reasons for this incongruity between isotopic and historical dietary evidence were also explored. Finally, the isotopic data of the Basilian monks were compared with that of contemporary Lithuanian nobles and commoners. The comparisons indicate that monastic dietary patterns were more similar to those of the nobility than those of the commoners.
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| 40. |
- SJöberg Leppänen, Birgitta, 1956, et al.
(författare)
-
Interaction and the end of the Late Bronze Age as displayed through neutron activation analysis of Late Helladic sherds: a case study on Asine in the Argolid, Greece
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 13:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses the results of neutron activation analysis made on a limited number of LH IIIB and LH IIIC period sherds from the Argive settlement Asine, Greece. The analysis indicates that the transformation from the palatial to the post-palatial period, on a local level of a village as Asine, was not signified by loss of contacts with the surrounding world. Rather continuity and interaction prevailed, although with other geographical areas as production and use of pottery in the LH IIIB period apparently had a more regional preponderance. The geographical dominance of pottery assigned to producers in north-eastern Peloponnese and distributed over the Mediterranean was terminated, but other operators may have responded to the demand for pottery.
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| 41. |
- Sjögren, Karl-Göran, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating caprine remains of the Swedish Funnel Beaker Culture through ZooMS
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In northern Europe, the first indications of a Neolithic lifestyle appear around 4000 cal BC from northern Germany up to middle Sweden and south-eastern Norway in an apparently short period of time, largely carried by immigrant populations bringing new species of plants and animals into the region. However, the nature of this domestication “package” is not everywhere the same, whereby both environmental and cultural filters acted on the particular set of species cultivated and bred in different regions. In Neolithic Scandinavia, cattle, pigs, and caprines (sheep and goat) are all present in varying proportions, with cattle more prominent in Denmark and pigs more prominent in more northerly areas. However, little is known about the ratio of sheep to goat remains within this region, largely due to difficulties in morphologically separating the two species. In this paper, we report the results from ZooMS analysis of 45 sheep/goat bone samples from two recently excavated Funnel Beaker settlements in Karleby, Falbygden, Sweden. The ZooMS analyses gave a clear and somewhat surprising result: 33 of the samples were classed as sheep, one as deer, and none of them as goat. In all likelihood, goats have not been present at all on these sites. A survey of the literature shows that while small numbers of goats are likely present in Denmark from the Early Neolithic, their presence in Sweden at this time is ambiguous and the few claims merit reassessment. Furthermore, the low numbers in Scandinavia compared to central and southern Europe suggests an overall geographic trend, with decreasing proportions of caprines as well as goats in the north.
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| 42. |
- Veiga-Rilo, Clara, et al.
(författare)
-
Biting into the truth : Connecting oral pathology and stable isotopes through the paradigmatic example of a hyper-specialized marine diet in Medieval Pontevedra (NW Iberia)
- 2024
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 16:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human feeding patterns have been reconstructed in Archaeology by analysing either oral pathology or stable isotope ratios in human skeletal remains. However, no clear agreement has been developed between these two methodologies. The main objective of this study is to determine if we can establish a link between them when analysing a population with a hyper-specialized diet, in this case marine resources (and millet/maize). To reach this goal we developed a conjoined multi-isotope analysis using collagen and bioapatite (δ13Ccol, δ15Ncol and δ13Ccar) and a detailed study of oral health (caries, antemortem loss, periapical lesions, periodontal disease, calculus, and wear). All available skeletons with at least one preserved tooth from two cemeteries of the medieval town of Pontevedra (n = 34) were studied. The buried individuals belonged to the guild of fishers and artisans, professions which were dominant among the families of medieval Pontevedra. A detailed FTIR-ATR study of extracted bone bioapatite showed a high correlation between bioapatite carbonate content, carbonate typical vibrations, and FTIR-ATR indices related to bone diagenesis, which is in line with previous research. No significant correlations were found with bioapatite yield and isotopic composition (δ13Ccar and Δ13C), ruling out possible diagenetic effects. The diet was based on marine fish protein with contributions of millets (e.g., δ13Ccar -11.9 ± 1.8‰) that seems to be slightly higher in individuals linked to artisanal guilds. The oral pathology study shows severe dental wear from an early age (Grade 2–4 in permanent dentition for 20% of infants and 60% of juveniles in M1), as well as moderate-high presence of caries in permanent dentition (64%, 22/34) and dental calculus (72%, 24/33). Both the oral pathology and the isotopic signal differ from that observed in other areas of the Iberian Peninsula. This study points to the existence of connections between findings of the two methodologies, and specifically an association between intense dental wear and high consumption of marine resources and millet. At the same time, this analysis implies the necessity of caution in estimation of age by dental wear in populations linked to the sea.
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| 43. |
- Wathen, Crista Adelle, et al.
(författare)
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On the road again—a review of pretreatment methods for the decontamination of skeletal materials for strontium isotopic and concentration analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 14:3
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strontium isotopic and concentration results from archeological skeletons have proved useful in demonstrating human and animal mobility patterns, and dietary life-history. This initiated the movement from proxies to answer these questions. However, there remains an issue as to whether the produced isotopic and concentration values are those accumulated by an individual during life and not an analytical artifact or the result of remaining diagenetic material or other forms of contamination. Over the last 40 years, there have been a variety of protocols used with varying success to remove contaminants prior to analysis, as well as a movement from bone analysis to solely enamel. This review covers the evolution of pretreatment protocols, the role of technological advances in producing accurate and precise results, and a discussion of best practices. Archeological case studies will demonstrate the evolution of these topics as well as their limitations and potential.
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| 44. |
- Webb, Emily C., et al.
(författare)
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Compound-specific amino acid isotopic proxies for distinguishing between terrestrial and aquatic resource consumption
- 2018
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 10:1, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Compound-specific amino acid carbon-isotope compositions have shown particular promise for elucidating dietary behaviors in complex environmental contexts, and may also be able to mitigate the effect of many of the limitations inherent to palaeodietary reconstructions. Here, we investigate the efficacy of compound-specific amino acid isotopic proxies in characterizing the consumption of different dietary protein sources using amino acid carbon-isotope compositions for humans and fauna from Rössberga (Early to Middle Neolithic), Köpingsvik (Mesolithic and Middle Neolithic), and Visby (Medieval Period), Sweden. We also assess the explanatory capabilities of an isotopic mixing model when used with essential amino acid carbon-isotope compositions of humans and local fauna. All three isotopic proxies distinguished among humans from the three sites consistently and informatively, and were able to enhance the broad interpretations made using bulk isotopic compositions. The mixing model palaeodietary reconstruction revealed considerable diversity in relative protein source contributions among individuals at both Köpingsvik and Visby. Comparing the mixing model for bulk carbon- and nitrogen-isotope compositions to the model for essential amino acid isotopic compositions further demonstrated the likelihood of underestimation and overestimation of marine protein consumption for both aquatic-dominant and mixed marine-terrestrial diets when using bulk isotopic compositions.
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